CN110152588A - Liquid non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction device and reaction method - Google Patents
Liquid non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction device and reaction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110152588A CN110152588A CN201910320253.XA CN201910320253A CN110152588A CN 110152588 A CN110152588 A CN 110152588A CN 201910320253 A CN201910320253 A CN 201910320253A CN 110152588 A CN110152588 A CN 110152588A
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0053—Details of the reactor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/26—Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
- C10G47/24—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions with moving solid particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1077—Vacuum residues
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of liquid non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction device and reaction methods.The device includes reactor shell and non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component, and reactor shell has cavity, and non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component is arranged in cavity, for making the injection fluid of liquid charging stock complete reaction in the shock of non-submersion formula, cavitation, shear action.The present invention makes liquid charging stock complete chemical reaction in the shock of non-submersion formula, cavitation, shear history using non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component, the strengthening effect to liquid charging stock fluid can be significantly improved in this way, make it being capable of highly effective reaction under relatively mild reaction condition.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to organic chemistry filed, in particular to a kind of liquid non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction device and
Reaction method.
Background technique
Two strands of liquid continuously moved or two bursts of gas (being referred to as continuous phase working fluid) reversed fortune continuously moved
It is dynamic mutually to hit, it is defined as percussion flow.It is demonstrated experimentally that on the rum point of the continuous phase percussion flow at two bursts install additional one block of solid every
Plate does not change percussion flow property, and therefore, sub-thread continuous phase working fluid (gas or liquid) hits solid baffle or different consolidates
Body component, same all features with percussion flow, therefore percussion flow can also be defined as.It can also be mixed in the liquid of continuous phase
There are a small amount of gas, solid or gas reinforcing body (referred to as sparse phase)；It can also be mixed with a small amount of liquid in the gas of continuous phase
Body, solid or liquid reinforcing body (also referred to as sparse phase).
The concept of percussion flow is first by Elperin in Elperin I T Heat and mass transfer in
Opposing currents [J] .J Eng.Physics, 1961, (6): propose in mono- text of 62-68. for the alternate of gas-solid phase
Transmitting, led by Ben-Curion university, Israel Tamir research team research by percussion flow principle be used for gas-gas,
Liquid-liquid, gas-solid mixing, gas absorb or desorption, greatly extends people to the understanding of percussion flow principle and percussion flow in work
Application in industry.5 river flowing from Guizhou Province through Hunan into Dongting Lake of Chinese scholar proposes submerged continuous liquid impact flow reactor (CN00230326) within 2000, if
It has counted the reaction process that complete mixing flow-is continuously converted without mixed flow and has industrially been applied, started China to percussion flow
Research and application.
According to the relationship of environment phase and continuous phase working fluid, percussion flow can be divided into submerged percussion flow and non-submersion
Formula percussion flow.In knockout process, the phase and the phase phase of working fluid of (environment) outside continuous phase working fluid boundary are moved
Together, which is referred to as submerged percussion flow, and knockout process is submerged shock.Such as (environment) uses high speed water under water
(working fluid) sand washing is flowed, the environment outside boundary and boundary is liquid phase, and working fluid is also liquid phase；For another example indoor drop is given with air-conditioning
Temperature, working fluid (cold wind) and environment are all gas phases.The working fluid of non-submersion formula percussion flow is if it is liquid phase, then outside boundary
The phase of (environment) can be gas phase or solid phase, but cannot be liquid phase；The working fluid of non-submersion formula percussion flow if it is gas phase,
Then the phase of (environment) can be liquid phase or solid phase outside boundary.And the fluid impact process is referred to as the shock of non-submersion formula.
Most of articles and patent in relation to percussion flow are all that submerged percussion flow is discussed.Such as 5 river flowing from Guizhou Province through Hunan into Dongting Lake SCIRS patent
CN00230326, meter build the patent ZL201710627354.2 of bright etc. patent ZL201420224919.4, Zheng Ying etc..However,
Due to being influenced by the identical phase fluid of boundary environment is viscous, the movement velocity of working fluid is difficult to mention for submerged percussion flow
Height, general < 10m/s.Therefore, the invigoration effect of submerged percussion flow mainly to improve working fluid (reactive material) heat transfer,
Mass-transfer efficiency promotes the mixing efficiency of reactant, increases the reaction rate etc. of chemical reaction.However, submerged percussion flow is because of stream
Body kinetic energy is insufficient, and the invigoration effect in terms of destroying the interior energy of molecular structure, promoting the generation of novel substance is limited, accordingly limits
The reaction efficiency of aqueous chemical reaction.
Summary of the invention
The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of liquid non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction device and reaction methods, with solution
Certainly in the prior art submerged percussion flow destroy molecular structure it is interior can, promote novel substance generation in terms of invigoration effect not
The problem of foot.
To achieve the goals above, according to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of liquid non-submersion formula percussion flow is anti-
Answer device comprising: reactor shell has cavity；Non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component is arranged in cavity, non-submersion formula
Impinging stream reaction component is for making the injection fluid of liquid charging stock complete reaction in the shock of non-submersion formula, cavitation, shear action.
Further, non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component includes: the first cylinder, the first cylinder have liquid charging stock into
Mouthful, place is hit for providing non-submersion formula in the inner cavity of the first cylinder, and multiple first holes knot is provided on the barrel of the first cylinder
Structure, and the import direction of the liquid charging stock of the axial direction of the first pore structure and the first cylinder has angle.
Further, the first cylinder has two opposite sides, and side is provided with one or more liquid charging stocks
Import.
Further, the import of liquid charging stock is arranged at a side, another side of the first cylinder, which is provided with, hits
Hit bottom plate；Alternatively, the import of liquid charging stock is arranged at a side, the radial section product of the first cylinder is along far from liquid charging stock
Import direction be gradually reduced, and the other side end seal of the first cylinder is closed；Alternatively, the import of partially liq raw material is arranged at one
The import of side, another part liquid charging stock is arranged in another side, the import of the liquid charging stock of one of side extremely
Few one Chong Die with the material approach axis of at least one of the import of liquid charging stock of another side.
Further, the first cylinder is conical shell, cylinder, square tube or irregular cylinder, also, the diameter of irregular cylinder
It is gradually reduced to sectional area along the both ends of the first cylinder to centre；Alternatively, the radial section product of irregular cylinder is along far from liquid
The import direction of raw material is gradually reduced or is gradually increased.
Further, non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component further includes the second cylinder, and the second cylinder is set in the first cylinder
Periphery, and multiple second pore structures are provided on the barrel of the second cylinder, and the axial direction of the second pore structure and the first pore structure
Axial direction have angle.
Further, non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component further includes at least one third cylinder, and third cylinder is set in
The periphery of second cylinder is provided with multiple third pore structures, and the axial direction of third pore structure and second on the barrel of third cylinder
The axial direction of pore structure has angle.
Further, the aperture of the first pore structure, the second pore structure and third pore structure is separately selected from 1~3mm.
Further, non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component further includes shock portion, and shock portion is arranged in the first cylinder
Portion.
Further, shock portion includes solid component, has pointed ends, the import of pointed ends and liquid charging stock
Direction is opposite.
Further, shock portion further includes shell, and shell setting is in solid component external, and pointed ends are across outer
Shell extends to the outside of shell, and multiple 4th pore structures, the axial direction difference of the 4th pore structure are provided on the shell wall of shell
Angle is all had with the import direction of liquid charging stock and the axial direction of the first pore structure.
Further, the aperture of the 4th pore structure is 1~3mm.
Further, reaction unit is heavy oil hydrogenation reaction device.
Further, reactor shell bottom is provided with liquid-phase outlet, reaction unit further include: circulation line, circulation line
Import be connected with liquid-phase outlet, outlet be connected with the import of liquid charging stock；Driving equipment is arranged on circulation line.
Further, reaction unit further includes mixing unit, is arranged on circulation line, and mixing unit is provided with weight
Oil-in, hydrogen inlet and hydrogenation catalyst entrance.
Further, position of the inside close to top of reactor shell is arranged in non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component.
Further, reaction unit further includes hydrogenation products collector unit, and hydrogenation products collector unit is arranged in reaction shell
The inside of body, and it is located at the top of non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of liquid non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction method is additionally provided comprising: it will
Liquid charging stock is passed through in above-mentioned reaction unit with spraying flow morphology, makes it in non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component by non-
Submerged shock, cavitation, shear action complete reaction.
Further, liquid charging stock is the chemical substance under reaction environment in liquid phase, and liquid charging stock is simple liquid phase,
Or to be close phase, using solid and/or gas as the heterogeneous fluid of dilute phase using liquid phase；Preferably, non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction
Component includes the first cylinder, and the first cylinder has the import of liquid charging stock, and the liquid of the axial direction of the first pore structure and the first cylinder
The import direction of body raw material has angle；Reaction method is the following steps are included: liquid charging stock is passed through in the form of spraying fluid
The inner cavity of first cylinder, and the shock of non-submersion formula is carried out in the lumen, the material after shock is in the first pore structure for being located at barrel
Cavitation, reaction is completed under shear action.
Further, the first cylinder has two opposite sides, and side is provided with one or more liquid charging stocks
Import, wherein when the import of liquid charging stock is arranged at a side, after liquid charging stock is passed through inner cavity, make liquid charging stock
Injection fluid impact be located at the first cylinder another side shock bottom plate, complete non-submersion formula hit；Alternatively, first
The radial section product of body is gradually reduced along the import direction far from liquid charging stock, after liquid charging stock is passed through inner cavity, keeps liquid former
The barrel that the injection fluid of material directly hits the first cylinder is completed non-submersion formula and is hit；When the import setting of partially liq raw material exists
The import of one side, another part liquid charging stock is arranged at another side, makes liquid charging stock respectively by being located at two sides
Import enters inner cavity, so that the injection fluid of the liquid charging stock entered by two sides is completed non-submersion formula in the lumen and hits.
Further, non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component further includes the second cylinder, when liquid charging stock carries out in the lumen
After non-submersion formula is hit, the material after shock first completes first time cavitation, shearing under the action of the first pore structure, then in place
Under second of the cavitation, shear action of the second pore structure of the second cylinder barrel, reaction is completed.
Further, non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component further includes at least one third cylinder, material after shock
After carrying out second of cavitation, shearing, in the case where being located at the further cavitation of third pore structure of third cylinder barrel, shear action,
Complete reaction.
Further, non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component further includes shock portion, and shock portion is arranged in the first cylinder
Portion；After liquid charging stock enters inner cavity, the injection fluid of liquid charging stock carries out the shock of non-submersion formula under the action of shock portion.
Further, shock portion includes solid component, has pointed ends, the import of pointed ends and liquid charging stock
Direction is opposite；After liquid charging stock enters inner cavity, the injection fluid of liquid charging stock with pointed ends by having an effect completion
Non-submersion formula is hit.
Further, shock portion further includes shell, and shell setting is in solid component external, and pointed ends are across outer
Shell extends to the outside of shell；After the injection fluid of liquid charging stock is hit by the way that non-submersion formula occurs with pointed ends, hit
First time cavitation, shearing are carried out under the action of the 4th pore structure of material on the shell after hitting, into the object of the 4th pore structure
Material carries out second of cavitation, shearing after secondary impact, again by the 4th pore structure, further finally by the first pore structure
Cavitation, shearing complete reaction.
Further, when liquid charging stock is passed through non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component, the fluid velocity of liquid charging stock
For less than or equal to 340m/s.
Further, reaction method is used for the hydrogenation reaction of heavy oil；The hydrogenation reaction of heavy oil will be the following steps are included: will weigh
The liquid charging stock of oil, hydrogen and hydrogenation catalyst composition by non-submersion formula by being hit in non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component
It hits, cavitation, shear action complete reaction, formation hydrogenation products.
Further, unreacting material, the hydrogenation reaction of heavy oil are also created in reaction process further include: by unreacted original
Material is discharged from reactor shell bottom, and is back to non-submersion formula percussion flow by circulation line under the driving effect of driving equipment
Circular response is carried out in reaction component.
Further, in hydrogenation process, control non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component is located in reactor shell
Ullage.
Further, in hydrogenation process, be arranged in above non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component plus hydrogen is utilized
Collection of products unit collects the hydrogenation products that reaction generates.
Further, the temperature of hydrogenation reaction is 350~410 DEG C；The pressure of hydrogenation reaction is less than or equal to 0.1MPa.
The present invention provides a kind of liquid non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction devices comprising reactor shell and non-submersion formula are hit
Stream reaction component is hit, reactor shell has cavity, and non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component is arranged in cavity, for keeping liquid former
The injection fluid of material completes reaction in the shock of non-submersion formula, cavitation, shear action.Not with traditional submerged impact flow reactor
With the present invention makes liquid charging stock in the shock of non-submersion formula, cavitation, shear history using non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component
Middle completion chemical reaction.Chemical reaction rate and the heat transfer, mass transfer that liquid charging stock not only can be improved are hit by non-submersion formula
Or mixing rate, make have the fluid of kinetic energy by the schedule of reinforcement based on hitting, then along with a system such as cavitation, shearing
The reinforcing means of column are finally reached and destroy liquid charging stock molecular structure, disconnect molecular link to obtain the mesh of new chemical product
's.In short, liquid non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction device provided by the invention is reacted applied to aqueous chemical, can significantly mention
Height makes it being capable of highly effective reaction under relatively mild reaction condition the strengthening effect of liquid charging stock fluid.It should be noted that this
Signified liquid charging stock refers to the chemical substance under reaction environment and reaction temperature in liquid phase in invention, it can be simple
Liquid phase, being also possible to close phase is liquid phase, and dilute phase is the heterogeneous fluid of gas phase, solid phase or gas-particle two-phase.
Detailed description of the invention
The accompanying drawings constituting a part of this application is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and of the invention shows
Examples and descriptions thereof are used to explain the present invention for meaning property, does not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 shows the structural representation of liquid non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction device according to an embodiment of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 2 shows non-submersion formulas in liquid non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction device according to an embodiment of the present invention to hit
Hit the structural schematic diagram of stream reaction component；
Fig. 3 shows non-submersion formula in the liquid non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction device of another embodiment according to the present invention
The structural schematic diagram of impinging stream reaction component；
Fig. 4 shows the fluid impact schematic diagram in Fig. 3 at the first cylinder of non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component；
Fig. 5 shows non-submersion formula in the liquid non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction device of another embodiment according to the present invention
The structural schematic diagram of impinging stream reaction component；
Fig. 6 shows non-submersion formula in the liquid non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction device of another embodiment according to the present invention
The structural schematic diagram of impinging stream reaction component；
Fig. 7 shows the liquid charging stock input end Section A-A structural representation of non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component in Fig. 6
Figure；
Fig. 8 shows non-submersion formula in the liquid non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction device of another embodiment according to the present invention
The structural schematic diagram of impinging stream reaction component.
Wherein, the above drawings include the following reference numerals:
10, reactor shell；20, non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component；21, the first cylinder；22, the second cylinder；23, it hits
Portion；231, solid component；232, shell；24, bottom plate is hit；30, circulation line；40, driving equipment；50, mixing unit.
Specific embodiment
It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the features in the embodiments and the embodiments of the present application can phase
Mutually combination.The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
As described in background technology part, in the prior art submerged percussion flow destroy molecular structure it is interior can,
Promote the invigoration effect deficiency in terms of the generation of novel substance.To solve the above-mentioned problems, it floods the present invention provides a kind of liquid is non-
Do not have formula impinging stream reaction device, as shown in Figure 1, the device includes reactor shell 10 and non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component 20,
Reactor shell 10 has cavity, and non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component 20 is arranged in cavity, non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction group
Part 20 is for making the injection fluid of liquid charging stock complete reaction in the shock of non-submersion formula, cavitation, shear action.
Unlike traditional submerged impact flow reactor, the present invention makes liquid using non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component
Body raw material completes chemical reaction in the shock of non-submersion formula, cavitation, shear history.It not only can be improved by the shock of non-submersion formula
Chemical reaction rate and heat transfer, the mass transfer or mixing rate of liquid charging stock, pass through the fluid with kinetic energy based on hitting
Schedule of reinforcement, then along with a series of reinforcing means such as cavitation, shearing, be finally reached destroy liquid charging stock molecular structure,
Molecular link is disconnected to obtain the purpose of new chemical product.In short, liquid non-submersion formula percussion flow provided by the invention is anti-
It answers device to react applied to aqueous chemical, the strengthening effect to liquid charging stock fluid can be significantly improved, make it relatively mild
Tool being capable of highly effective reaction under reaction condition.It should be noted that signified liquid charging stock refers in reaction environment and anti-in the present invention
It is in the chemical substance of liquid phase at a temperature of answering, it can be simple liquid phase, and being also possible to close phase is liquid phase, and dilute phase is gas phase, admittedly
The heterogeneous fluid of phase or gas-particle two-phase.
It is pointed out that any fluid, such as liquid phase fluid, movement Reynolds number are greater than certain value (>=4000)
When, fluid motion is in turbulent condition.The effects such as shock, cavitation and shearing can all occur in the liquid internal of turbulent condition.But this
Compared with a little strengthening effects directly carry out the strengthening effect that non-submersion formula hits generation with high-velocity fluid, the difference of efficiency is 106
~109The order of magnitude.It is proposed in the patent of the Patent No. such as Zheng Ying ZL201710627354.2 in the reactor using difference
The combination for module of strengthening function.The present invention maximum difference therewith: all concatenated modules in the patent (also containing hit,
The functions such as cavitation, shearing) design anyway, also fluid operating can only be made in submerged state, thus in identical external force
Under promotion, working fluid is difficult to obtain the kinetic energy of ultrahigh speed movement.Only the fluid of module I outlet is just in non-submersion in the patent
Formula state, even if but working fluid at this time obtain at high speed and kinetic energy, an also only freely falling body for having initial velocity,
Non-submersion formula does not occur to hit, the kinetic energy of fluid can not be changed into the interior energy for leading to molecular scission.And it is provided by the invention
In above-mentioned reaction unit, the injection stream body of raw material liq can be by the shock of non-submersion formula, cavitation, shear action, by high speed
Fluid dynamic energy is changed into the interior energy for leading to molecular scission, reaches the technique purpose more significantly strengthened.
In a preferred embodiment, such as Fig. 2,3,5,6,8, non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component 20 includes first
Cylinder 21, the first cylinder 21 have the import of liquid charging stock, and place is hit for providing non-submersion formula in the inner cavity of the first cylinder 21,
Multiple first pore structures are provided on the barrel of first cylinder 21, and the liquid of the axial direction of the first pore structure and the first cylinder 21 is former
The import direction of material has angle.
" axial direction of the first pore structure " refers to through-hole direction namely the extending direction in hole of the first pore structure herein." liquid
The penetrating direction of the import direction of raw material " indicating liquid raw material injection fluid.Because being provided with multiple first holes on the first cylinder 21
Structure, so that the injection fluid of raw material liq enters after its inner cavity hit, fluid is discharged through the first pore structure, and here it is the
The environment of one cylinder, 21 inner cavity is always gaseous environment, so that the injection fluid of raw material be made to be constantly in non-submersion knockout process.
The collision time for spraying fluid is very of short duration, is Millisecond.After hitting moment generation, fluid flow direction is forced to change into sprays with former
Fluid approach axis forms a secondary fluid close to orthogonal direction.Be forced to change nyctitropic " a secondary fluid " still have it is very high
Initial velocity, after hitting the first cylinder 21 with multiple first pore structures, due to the axial direction and the first cylinder 21 of the first pore structure
The import direction of liquid charging stock there is angle, a secondary fluid is stopped by barrel and the first pore structure, and cavitation, shearing and again occurs
Under effect of impact, the conversion effet of percussion flow is substantially increased, to complete fluid dynamic energy under efficient state to internal energy of molecular
Conversion, complete the chemical reaction of liquid charging stock.The liquid charging stock of the axial direction of above-mentioned first pore structure and the first cylinder 21
Import direction has angle, and angle is preferably 165~195 °.
Preferably, the first cylinder 21 has two opposite sides, and side is provided with one or more liquid charging stocks
Import.In this way, multiple groups injection fluid completes the shock of non-submersion formula, cavitation and shearing in 21 inner cavity of the first cylinder, be conducive into
One step improves reaction efficiency.
Because multiple first pore structures of the first cylinder 21 maintain the gaseous environment in inner cavity, therefore above-mentioned non-submersion formula is hit
It hits and can be " liquid-liquid head-on collision ", be also possible to " liquid-solid collision ".
In a kind of typical embodiment, as shown in figure 8, the import of liquid charging stock is arranged at a side, first
Another side of cylinder 21, which is provided with, hits bottom plate 24.In this way, the injection fluid of raw material liq with shock bottom plate 24 by sending out
Raw liquid-solid phase is hit, and fluid changes direction, and a secondary fluid of formation occurs empty under the first cylinder 21 and the effect of its first pore structure
Change, shear and hit again, realizes kinetic energy and internal energy of molecular conversion, complete reaction.
In another typical embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the import of liquid charging stock is arranged at a side, the
The radial section product of one cylinder 21 is gradually reduced along the import direction far from liquid charging stock, and the other side end seal of the first cylinder 21
It closes.In this way, the injection fluid entered can directly hit the inner wall of the first cylinder 21, completion liquid is consolidated non-submersion formula and is hit, and
Cavitation and shearing occur under the action of first pore structure.It is highly preferred that as shown in fig. 6, the import of liquid charging stock is arranged at one
The radial section product of a side, the first cylinder 21 is gradually reduced along far from the import direction of liquid charging stock, the first cylinder 21 it is another
Side end seal is closed, and is closed one section and be provided with and hit bottom plate 24.In this way, the fluid come out from the first pore structure can be with shock bottom
Plate 24 occurs secondary non-submersion formula and hits, and completes last conversion.
It is highly preferred that as seen in figs. 6 and 8, the area for hitting bottom plate 24 is greater than the radial section product of the first cylinder 21, this
Sample, the fluid come out from the first pore structure more fully can carry out secondary impact with it, further increase kinetic energy to intramolecular
The transforming degree of energy.
In another typical embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2,3,5, the import of partially liq raw material is arranged a side
The import at end, another part liquid charging stock is arranged in another side, the import of the liquid charging stock of one of side at least
One Chong Die with the material approach axis of at least one of the import of liquid charging stock of another side.In this way, from the first cylinder
After the injection fluid that 21 two side ends enter mutually completes the shock of liquid liquid, changes nyctitropic a secondary fluid and continue to make in the first cylinder 21
With lower completion cavitation, shears and hit again.In order to be more effectively carried out fluid impact, it is more preferably located at 21 two side ends of the first cylinder
Import number it is identical, and form opposite multiple groups one by one.
The shape of above-mentioned first cylinder is unlimited, as long as a secondary fluid after hitting can be stopped.A kind of preferred
In embodiment, the first cylinder 21 is conical shell (Fig. 6), cylinder (Fig. 2), square tube (not shown) or irregular cylinder,
Also, the radial section product of irregular cylinder is gradually reduced (Fig. 3, Fig. 5) to centre along the both ends of the first cylinder 21；Alternatively, not
The radial section product of regular cylinder is gradually reduced (Fig. 8) or is gradually increased along the import direction far from liquid charging stock (not to be shown in figure
Out).For cylinder, the irregular cylinder shown in Fig. 3 is more advantageous to the shear action for improving the first pore structure, such as Fig. 4
Shown, a secondary fluid a hits the barrel of the first cylinder 21 at a certain angle, in the shearing of the first pore structure, again under effect of impact
It is divided into and is parallel to the first kind in barrel direction and fluid b and is parallel to the fluid c three times of the first pore structure axial second group three times, the
It is shock, shearing effect point at the outer rim of one pore structure, is cavitation effect point at the first pore structure internal cavities.Fig. 2 and
Non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component 20 shown in Fig. 3 is more suitable for the lesser percussion flow of stroke speed in liquid-liquid shock, generally
Spray fluid velocity=10~100m/s.As shown in Figures 6 and 7, multiply injection fluid is vertically sprayed into along conical shell bottom end, directly
Bump against with conical shell barrel and generates cavitation, shearing and knock-on effect, the kinetic energy that high speed fluid is carried simultaneously in moment
The interior energy for destroying self structure is converted by the obstruction of component, to achieve the purpose that the continuous phase materials molecular link of truncation.And
The fluid come out from the first pore structure continues to move, and bumps against herein with the shock bottom plate being arranged at the top of conical shell, completes
Last kinetic energy absorption.
In order to which the kinetic energy of opposing jet body to a greater degree is absorbed, in a preferred embodiment, such as Fig. 5 institute
Showing, non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component 20 further includes the second cylinder 22, and the second cylinder 22 is set in the periphery of the first cylinder 21,
And second cylinder 22 barrel on be provided with multiple second pore structures, and the axial direction of the axial direction of the second pore structure and the first pore structure
With angle.In this way, from obstruction of the fluid three times through the second cylinder 22 that the first pore structure comes out, in the secondary of the second pore structure
Kinetic energy is further absorbed under shearing and cavitation.Similarly, non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component 20 further includes at least one
A third cylinder, third cylinder are set in the periphery of the second cylinder 22, and multiple third hole knots are provided on the barrel of third cylinder
Structure, and the axial direction of the axial direction of third pore structure and the second pore structure has angle.Such non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component
The 20 higher injection fluids of processing initial velocity preferably, such as speed >=100m/s fluid.And the non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction
Internal energy of molecular needed for the processing preferably of component 20 is higher, chemical reaction internal energy of molecular changes bigger liquid charging stock, in this way can be with
It converts internal energy of molecular as far as possible by the kinetic energy of the injection fluid of high speed kinetic energy using multi-layer cylinder and pore structure, to complete anti-
It answers.In fact, working as percussion flow initial velocity u0>=340m/s, fluid dynamic energy come into waterpower cutting speed range.Therefore when shock
Flow initial velocity u0When >=340m/s, it is however generally that, it can only be hit by directly liquid-liquid, working fluid kinetic energy is reduced to metal
The range that component is able to bear.Under normal conditions, preferably non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component 20 include by be arranged except interior 1
To 5 layers of cylinder, multiple pore structures are provided on each layer cylinder, and the axial direction of the pore structure of adjacent two layers cylinder has angle.
In order to further increase shearing, the cavitation effect of pore structure, in a preferred embodiment, the first hole knot
The aperture of structure, the second pore structure and third pore structure is separately selected from 1~3mm.
In order to further strengthen the effect of non-submersion formula shock, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in figure 8, non-
Submerged impinging stream reaction component 20 further includes shock portion 23, and the inside of the first cylinder 21 is arranged in shock portion 23.Such is non-to flood
Do not have formula impinging stream reaction component 20 to be more suitable for ultra high rate situation, as the nearly 340m/s of percussion flow quick access, liquid phase continuous fluid
There is the kinetic energy for being enough to cut solid, hit preferably by liquid-liquid lower continuous phase fluid kinetic energy at this time, then with gold
Metal elements contact, can protect component and is unlikely to damage rapidly.But if the condition of liquid-liquid head-on collision is not able to satisfy injection stream body
Flow velocity u0When≤340m/s is even higher, the non-submersion formula that setting shock portion 23 is more advantageous to ultrahigh speed injection fluid is hit.More
Preferably, as shown in figure 8, shock portion 23 includes solid component 231, there is pointed ends, pointed ends and liquid charging stock
Import direction it is opposite.Solid component 231 is set, the stabilization and the service life that maintain building itself are conducive to, and utilizes its point
Shape end and injection fluid bump against, fluid can around pointed ends 360 ° spread out, it is dynamic to be conducive to more fully to absorb it
Energy.
It is highly preferred that shell 232 is arranged in solid component 231 as shown in figure 8, shock portion 23 further includes shell 232
Outside, and pointed ends pass through the outside that shell 232 extends to shell 232, are provided with multiple 4th holes on the shell wall of shell 232
Structure, axial direction of the axial direction of the 4th pore structure respectively with the import direction of liquid charging stock and the first pore structure all have
Angle.In this way, fluid spreads out for 360 ° around pointed ends, and passes through shell after pointed ends and injection fluid bump against
The 4th pore structure on 232 shell walls carries out shearing and cavitation to the fluid after dispersion, to be more advantageous to reinforcement to fluid dynamic energy
Absorption.Most preferably, as shown in figure 8, the conical shell of shell 232, top are the pointed end of solid component 231
Portion, the other end opposite with liquid charging stock import of the first cylinder 21, which is provided with, hits bottom plate 24, and shock portion 23 is with welding manner
It is fixed on and hits on bottom plate 24, do not contacted between the first cylinder 21 and shell 232, the radial section product of the first cylinder 21 is along liquid
Material inlet is gradually reduced to the direction for hitting bottom plate 24.In this way, when the continuous phase fluid of high speed touches the vertebra of metal component
When body, fluid is forced to 3600 dispersion of four sides and on centrum orifice plate with form of liquid film flow at high speed.Tapered metal perforated plate pair
Liquid film causes shearing and cavitation effect.The plate face last with remaining kinetic energy impingement members into the liquid of cavitation aperture, quilt
Compel change direction and be pierced by tapered component aperture, generates secondary shearing, cavitation and shock, be almost all converted to brokenly all kinetic energy
The interior energy of bad self structure.The cavitation component of outer layer will carry out last interception and the last interior energy of kinetic energy-to continuous phase liquid stream
Conversion.
It should be noted that when the nearly 340m/s of processing stream quick access even higher liquid charging stock sprays fluid, high velocity stream
The jet hole of body is nearby waterpower cutting area, therefore the impinging distance for spraying fluid and shock portion 23 should avoid liquid kinetic energy most
High cutting area exchanges stabilization and the service life of component for part kinetic energy is sacrificed.
Similarly, in order to further strengthen shearing, cavitation effect, the preferably aperture of the 4th pore structure is 1~3mm.
Liquid non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction device provided by the invention is suitable for the chemical reaction of various liquid phase feeds, than
As heavy-oil hydrogenation reacts.In a kind of typical embodiment, above-mentioned reaction unit is heavy oil hydrogenation reaction device.Existing decompression
Residual hydrogenation reactor mostly uses suspension bed (slurry bed system), using 420~470 DEG C of high temperature, 15~40MPa high pressure and high hydrogen-oil ratio
(1000 cubes of hydrogen are pressed into 1 cube of residual oil), can obtain good plus hydrogen effect, but also become with high investment, high in refinery
The typical process of cost and high risk.Using liquid non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction device provided by the invention, machinery is utilized
Lead to the concept for being broken and destroying about stress raisers in principle, with the high temperature and pressure stress collection of part, microcosmic generation
In, cut off the molecular link of heavy oil.And it repeatedly, is constantly cyclically repeated the process, it is equally reached decompression residuum lighting
Effect, and the investment of this technique, cost are sufficiently smaller than suspension bed process, only 1 to the tens/10ths of the technique/
One.Integral pressure≤0.1MPa of reactor is the 1/150~1/400 of suspension bed, eliminates suspension bed high temperature and pressure Gao Qing and leads
Cause the danger of high risk.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 1,10 bottom of reactor shell is provided with liquid-phase outlet, reaction dress
Setting further includes circulation line 30 and driving equipment 40, and the import of circulation line 30 is connected with liquid-phase outlet, outlet and liquid charging stock
Import be connected；Driving equipment 40 is arranged on circulation line 30.In actual reaction process, heavy oil feedstock is entrainment of hydrogen
It is completed in non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component 20 by the shock of non-submersion formula, cavitation, shear action with hydrogenation catalyst anti-
Ying Hou, reaction lighting product are gaseous state, are discharged except reactor shell 10 upwards, unreacted heavy oil falls to reactor shell 10
Then unreacted material is returned to simultaneously circular response using driving equipment 40 and circulation line 30 by bottom.Preferably, circulation pipe
The exit on road 30 is provided with jet blower, to spray liquid charging stock, is translated into injection fluid.
In a preferred embodiment, reaction unit further includes mixing unit 50, is arranged on circulation line 30,
And mixing unit 50 is provided with heavy oil entrance, hydrogen inlet and hydrogenation catalyst entrance.By heavy oil entrance, hydrogen inlet and add
Hydrogen catalyst entrance can supplement raw material.
In a preferred embodiment, the inside of reactor shell 10 is arranged in non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component 20
Close to the position on top.Be conducive to the inside liquid for keeping non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component 20 to be higher than reactor shell 10 in this way
Face makes 20 inner cavity of non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component keep gaseous environment, to maintain the non-submersion formula of injection fluid to hit.
Preferably, reaction unit further includes hydrogenation products collector unit, and hydrogenation products collector unit is arranged in reactor shell
10 inside, and it is located at the top of non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component 20.Lighting product is discharged non-upward in a gaseous form
After submerged impinging stream reaction component 20, it can be collected by hydrogenation products collector unit.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of liquid non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction method is additionally provided, is by liquid
Body raw material is passed through in above-mentioned reaction unit with spraying flow morphology, makes it in non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component 20 by non-
Submerged shock, cavitation, shear action complete reaction.As it was noted above, the present invention utilizes non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component
Liquid charging stock is set to complete chemical reaction in the shock of non-submersion formula, cavitation, shear history.Being hit by non-submersion formula not only can be with
Chemical reaction rate and the heat transfer, mass transfer or mixing rate for improving liquid charging stock, pass through the fluid with kinetic energy to hit
Based on schedule of reinforcement, then along with a series of reinforcing means such as cavitation, shearing, be finally reached and destroy liquid charging stock molecule knot
Structure disconnects molecular link to obtain the purpose of new chemical product.In short, by liquid non-submersion formula percussion flow provided by the invention
Reaction unit is reacted applied to aqueous chemical, can significantly improve the strengthening effect to liquid charging stock fluid, makes it relatively mild
Reaction condition under there is high fluid dynamic energy, and being capable of highly effective reaction.
In a preferred embodiment, non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component 20 include the first cylinder 21, first
Body 21 has the import of liquid charging stock, and the axial direction of the first pore structure and the import direction of the liquid charging stock of the first cylinder 21 have
Angle；Reaction method the following steps are included: liquid charging stock to be passed through to the inner cavity of the first cylinder 21 in the form of spraying fluid, and
The shock of non-submersion formula is carried out in inner cavity, the material after shock is complete in the case where being located at the cavitation of the first pore structure of barrel, shear action
At reaction.
In a preferred embodiment, the first cylinder 21 has two opposite sides, and side is provided with one
Or the import of multiple liquid charging stocks, wherein when the import of liquid charging stock is arranged at a side, liquid charging stock is passed through interior
After chamber, the injection fluid impact of liquid charging stock is made to be located at the shock bottom plate 24 of another side of the first cylinder 21, completes non-flood
Do not have formula shock；Alternatively, the radial section product of the first cylinder 21 is gradually reduced along the import direction far from liquid charging stock, by liquid original
After material is passed through inner cavity, the barrel for making the injection fluid of liquid charging stock directly hit the first cylinder 21 completes the shock of non-submersion formula；When
The import setting of partially liq raw material is arranged in a side, the import of another part liquid charging stock at another side, makes liquid
Body raw material enters inner cavity by being located at the import of two sides respectively, makes the injection fluid of the liquid charging stock entered by two sides in interior chamber
Middle completion non-submersion formula is hit.
In a preferred embodiment, non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component 20 further includes the second cylinder 22, works as liquid
After body raw material carries out non-submersion formula shock in the lumen, the material after shock is first completed for the first time under the action of the first pore structure
Cavitation, shearing are completed anti-then in the case where being located at second of cavitation of the second pore structure of 22 barrel of the second cylinder, shear action
It answers.
In a preferred embodiment, non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component 20 further includes at least one third cylinder
Body after material after shock carries out second of cavitation, shearing, is being located at the further of the third pore structure of third cylinder barrel
Under cavitation, shear action, reaction is completed.
In a preferred embodiment, non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component 20 further includes shock portion 23, shock portion
23 are arranged in the inside of the first cylinder 21；After liquid charging stock enters inner cavity, the injection fluid of liquid charging stock is in shock portion 23
Under the action of carry out the shock of non-submersion formula.
In a preferred embodiment, shock portion 23 includes solid component 231, has pointed ends, pointed
End is opposite with the import direction of liquid charging stock；After liquid charging stock enters inner cavity, the injection fluid of liquid charging stock by with
Pointed ends, which are had an effect, completes the shock of non-submersion formula.
In a preferred embodiment, shock portion 23 further includes shell 232, and shell 232 is arranged in solid group
Outside part 231, and pointed ends pass through the outside that shell 232 extends to shell 232；When liquid charging stock injection fluid by with
After the shock of non-submersion formula occurs for pointed ends, the material after shock carries out under the action of four pore structure on shell 232
First time cavitation, shearing, into the 4th pore structure material after secondary impact, carry out second again by the 4th pore structure
Cavitation, shearing complete reaction finally by the further cavitation of the first pore structure, shearing.
In a preferred embodiment, when liquid charging stock is passed through non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component 20, liquid
The fluid velocity of body raw material is less than or equal to 340m/s.
In a preferred embodiment, reaction method is used for the hydrogenation reaction of heavy oil；The hydrogenation reaction of heavy oil includes
Following steps: the liquid charging stock of heavy oil, hydrogen and hydrogenation catalyst composition is passed through in non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component 20,
Reaction is completed by the shock of non-submersion formula, cavitation, shear action, forms hydrogenation products.
In a preferred embodiment, unreacting material is also created in reaction process, the hydrogenation reaction of heavy oil is also
It include: unreacting material to be discharged from 10 bottom of reactor shell, and pass through circulation line under the driving effect of driving equipment 40
30 are back in non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component 20 and carry out circular response.
In a preferred embodiment, in hydrogenation process, non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component 20 is controlled
Ullage in reactor shell 10.
In a preferred embodiment, in hydrogenation process, using setting in non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction
The hydrogenation products collector unit of 20 top of component collects the hydrogenation products that reaction generates.
In order to disconnect molecular link, the flow velocity of fluid is sprayed preferably in the high speed of 10m/s~1000m/s or hypervelocity model
It encloses；Fluid temperature (F.T.) is generally at 50 DEG C~450 DEG C.When adding hydrogen applied to heavy-oil catalytic, in order to improve hydroenhancement effect, and to the greatest extent
Amount avoids energy waste, and in a preferred embodiment, the temperature of hydrogenation reaction is 350~410 DEG C；The pressure of hydrogenation reaction
Power is less than or equal to 0.1MPa.
The application is described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment, these embodiments should not be understood as limitation originally
Apply for range claimed.
Embodiment 1
Using reaction unit shown in FIG. 1, wherein non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component is depressurized using shown in Fig. 2
The catalytic hydrogenation of residual oil prepares lightweight carburetion (petrol and diesel oil), and process conditions are as follows:
The liquid mixed raw material of decompression residuum, hydrogen and catalyst sprays into non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component two through nozzle
Side entrance, two sides are sub-thread injection fluid, contrary and be overlapped, and are completed after non-submersion formula hits in component inner cavity, two
Secondary fluid and the raw material direction of motion are in 90 ° of diffusions, and secondary impact occurs for the multiple pore structures being arranged with cylinder and thereon, and
The gas phase lighting product obtained after cavitation, shearing effect destruction molecular link occurs, is collected above reactor shell.Through too strong
Still still falling within the materials of heavies after unreacted or reaction falls into reactor shell bottom in liquid phase after change, through driving device
It returns and reacts herein with circulation line.Wherein, the reaction temperature of decompression residuum be 350~410 DEG C (decompression residuum is in room temperature
For solid-state, 200~250 DEG C are liquid, and 300 DEG C or more just have preferable mobility), reactor integral pressure≤0.1MPa, hydrogen
Oil is than being (20~100): 1.
Reaction result is as follows:
Table 1
| Oil sample | Saturation point/% | Fragrance point/% | Colloid/% | Asphalitine/% |
| Decompression residuum (raw material) | 1.6 | 58.6 | 23.7 | 14.1 |
| Lightweight carburetion (product) | 72.5 | 21.8 | 4.6 | 1.1 |
In table 1, saturated hydrocarbons (alkane, cycloalkane) is the basic component of petrol and diesel oil, and saturated hydrocarbyl is originally zero in feedstock oil,
The aromatic hydrocarbons of band occupies maximum ratio.It follows that the decompression residuum is the waste material of low value.
Product saturated hydrocarbons reaches 72.5% after lighting, occupies the overwhelming majority of product oil, is the height based on petrol and diesel oil
It is worth oil product；By test result it is found that the multifunction strengthened reactor of percussion flow is destroyed using shock, cavitation and shearing effect
Aromatic hydrocarbons, resin and asphalt structure in feedstock oil, have cut off the carbon key on cyclic hydrocarbon, keep structurally stable cyclic hydrocarbon disconnected by molecular link
Become saturated hydrocarbons after splitting.
Analysis of distillation process: different saturated vapour pressure components in raw material and product are isolated by heating distillation, by analysis of distillation process
The content that weight component in material can be examined or check, is specifically shown in Table 2.
Table 2
As shown in Table 2, raw material decompression residuum is lower-valued heavier oil, and wherein petrol and diesel oil content percentage is zero, 350-500
It DEG C is only capable of accounting for 8.5% as the component of boiler oil, remaining 91.5% is only capable of doing road asphalt by reconciling.From the production of table 2
Product boiling range can be seen that petrol and diesel oil fraction and account for about 60%, and boiler oil 32.3%, asphalitine is only 7.5%.Its lighting effect
Obviously.
Above inspection is primary first-order equation as a result, if secondary response and in conjunction with refinery's other process, overall efficiency
Even more prominent, can reach: 73% petrol and diesel oil, total petrol and diesel oil yield reach 86.8%, and only 8.1% output product is solid
Petroleum coke.Modern age oil refining scale increases increasingly, and 100 10,000 tons refineries can be found everywhere, and 1% increment is exactly ten thousand tons of scales, therefore
Above-mentioned inspection is enough to show that the benefit that the present invention can obtain is abnormal significant.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (31)
1. a kind of liquid non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction device characterized by comprising
Reactor shell (10) has cavity；
Non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component (20) is arranged in the cavity, the non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component
(20) for making the injection fluid of liquid charging stock complete reaction in the shock of non-submersion formula, cavitation, shear action.
2. reaction unit according to claim 1, which is characterized in that non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component (20) packet
It includes:
First cylinder (21), first cylinder (21) have the liquid charging stock import, first cylinder (21) it is interior
Chamber hits place for providing non-submersion formula, is provided with multiple first pore structures, and institute on the barrel of first cylinder (21)
The import direction for stating the axial direction of the first pore structure and the liquid charging stock of first cylinder (21) has angle.
3. reaction unit according to claim 2, which is characterized in that first cylinder (21) has two opposite sides
End, and side is provided with the import of one or more liquid charging stocks.
4. reaction unit according to claim 3, which is characterized in that
The import of the liquid charging stock is arranged at a side, another side of first cylinder (21) is provided with shock
Bottom plate (24)；Alternatively,
The import of the liquid charging stock is arranged at a side, and the radial section product of first cylinder (21) is along far from described
The import direction of liquid charging stock is gradually reduced, and the other side end seal of first cylinder (21) is closed；Alternatively,
A side, the import of liquid charging stock described in another part is arranged another for the import setting of the part liquid charging stock
Side, at least one of import of the liquid charging stock of one of side and the liquid charging stock of another side into
The material approach axis overlapping of at least one of mouth.
5. reaction unit according to claim 4, which is characterized in that first cylinder (21) be conical shell, cylinder,
Square tube or irregular cylinder, also,
The radial section product of the irregular cylinder is gradually reduced along the both ends of first cylinder (21) to centre；Alternatively,
The radial section product of the irregular cylinder is gradually reduced or is gradually increased along the import direction far from the liquid charging stock.
6. the reaction unit according to any one of claim 2 to 5, which is characterized in that the non-submersion formula percussion flow is anti-
Answering component (20) further includes the second cylinder (22), and second cylinder (22) is set in the periphery of first cylinder (21), and
Multiple second pore structures, and the axial direction of second pore structure and described first are provided on the barrel of second cylinder (22)
The axial direction of pore structure has angle.
7. reaction unit according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component (20) is also
Including at least one third cylinder, the third cylinder is set in the periphery of second cylinder (22), the third cylinder
Multiple third pore structures are provided on barrel, and the axial direction of the axial direction of the third pore structure and second pore structure has folder
Angle.
8. reaction unit according to claim 7, which is characterized in that first pore structure, second pore structure and
The aperture of the third pore structure is separately selected from 1~3mm.
9. the reaction unit according to any one of claim 2 to 5, which is characterized in that the non-submersion formula percussion flow is anti-
Answering component (20) further includes shock portion (23), and the shock portion (23) is arranged in the inside of first cylinder (21).
10. reaction unit according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the shock portion (23) includes solid component
(231), there are pointed ends, the pointed ends are opposite with the import direction of the liquid charging stock.
11. reaction unit according to claim 10, which is characterized in that the shock portion (23) further includes shell (232),
Shell (232) setting is external in the solid component (231), and the pointed ends pass through the shell (232)
The outside of the shell (232) is extended to, is provided with multiple 4th pore structures on the shell wall of the shell (232), the described 4th
Axial direction of the axial direction of pore structure respectively with the import direction of the liquid charging stock and first pore structure all has
Angle.
12. reaction unit according to claim 11, which is characterized in that the aperture of the 4th pore structure is 1~3mm.
13. reaction unit according to any one of claim 1 to 5, which is characterized in that the reaction unit adds for heavy oil
Hydrogen reaction unit.
14. reaction unit according to claim 13, which is characterized in that reactor shell (10) bottom is provided with liquid phase
Outlet, the reaction unit further include:
The import of circulation line (30), the circulation line (30) is connected with the liquid-phase outlet, outlet and the liquid charging stock
Import be connected；
Driving equipment (40) is arranged on the circulation line (30).
15. reaction unit according to claim 14, which is characterized in that the reaction unit further includes mixing unit
(50), it is arranged on the circulation line (30), and the mixing unit (50) is provided with heavy oil entrance, hydrogen inlet and adds
Hydrogen catalyst entrance.
16. reaction unit according to claim 14, which is characterized in that the non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component (20)
Position in the inside of the reactor shell (10) close to top is set.
17. reaction unit according to claim 16, which is characterized in that the reaction unit further includes that hydrogenation products are collected
Unit, the hydrogenation products collector unit are arranged in the inside of the reactor shell (10), and are located at the non-submersion formula and hit
Flow the top of reaction component (20).
18. a kind of liquid non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction method, which is characterized in that liquid charging stock to be passed through with spraying flow morphology
In reaction unit described in any one of claims 1 to 17, pass through it in non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component (20)
The shock of non-submersion formula, cavitation, shear action complete reaction.
19. reaction method according to claim 18, which is characterized in that the liquid charging stock is under reaction environment in liquid
The chemical substance of phase, the liquid charging stock are simple liquid phase, or to be close phase with liquid phase, with solid and/or gas being dilute
The heterogeneous fluid of phase；Preferably, the non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component (20) includes the first cylinder (21), and described first
Body (21) has the import of the liquid charging stock, and the liquid of the axial direction of the first pore structure and first cylinder (21) is former
The import direction of material has angle；The reaction method is the following steps are included: by the liquid charging stock in the form of spraying fluid
It is passed through the inner cavity of first cylinder (21), and carries out the shock of non-submersion formula in the inner cavity, the material after shock is being located at
Reaction is completed under the cavitation of first pore structure of barrel, shear action.
20. reaction method according to claim 19, which is characterized in that first cylinder (21) has two opposite sides
End, and side is provided with the import of one or more liquid charging stocks, wherein
When the import of the liquid charging stock is arranged at a side, after the liquid charging stock is passed through the inner cavity, make institute
State liquid charging stock injection fluid impact be located at first cylinder (21) another side shock bottom plate (24), complete it is non-
Submerged is hit；Alternatively, the long-pending import direction along the separate liquid charging stock of the radial section of first cylinder (21) is gradually
Reduce, after the liquid charging stock is passed through the inner cavity, the injection fluid of the liquid charging stock is made directly to hit described first
The barrel of body (21) is completed non-submersion formula and is hit；
When the import setting of the part liquid charging stock is a side, the import of liquid charging stock described in another part is arranged another
When one side, so that the liquid charging stock is entered the inner cavity by being located at the import of two sides respectively, make the institute entered by two sides
The injection fluid for stating liquid charging stock completes the shock of non-submersion formula in the inner cavity.
21. reaction method described in 9 or 20 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component
It (20) further include the second cylinder (22), after the liquid charging stock carries out non-submersion formula shock in the inner cavity, after shock
Material first completes first time cavitation, shearing under the action of first pore structure, is then being located at second cylinder (22)
Under second of cavitation of the second pore structure of barrel, shear action, reaction is completed.
22. reaction method according to claim 21, which is characterized in that the non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component (20)
Further include at least one third cylinder, after material after shock carries out second of cavitation, shearing, is being located at the third cylinder
Under the further cavitation of the third pore structure of barrel, shear action, reaction is completed.
23. reaction method described in 9 or 20 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component
It (20) further include shock portion (23), the shock portion (23) is arranged in the inside of first cylinder (21)；When the liquid is former
Material enters after the inner cavity, and the injection fluid of the liquid charging stock carries out non-submersion formula under the action of shock portion (23)
It hits.
24. reaction method according to claim 23, which is characterized in that the shock portion (23) includes solid component
(231), there are pointed ends, the pointed ends are opposite with the import direction of the liquid charging stock；When the liquid charging stock into
After entering the inner cavity, the injection fluid of the liquid charging stock is completed non-submersion formula and is hit by having an effect with the pointed ends
It hits.
25. reaction method according to claim 24, which is characterized in that the shock portion (23) further includes shell (232),
Shell (232) setting is external in the solid component (231), and the pointed ends pass through the shell (232)
Extend to the outside of the shell (232)；When the injection fluid of the liquid charging stock is by occurring non-flood with the pointed ends
Do not have formula shock after, the material after shock carried out under the action of four pore structure on the shell (232) first time cavitation,
Shearing, into the 4th pore structure material after secondary impact, it is empty to carry out second again by the 4th pore structure
Change, shearing, finally by the further cavitation of first pore structure, shearing, completes reaction.
26. reaction method described in any one of 8 to 25 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that lead to by the liquid charging stock
When entering non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component (20), the fluid velocity of the liquid charging stock is less than or equal to 340m/s.
27. reaction method described in any one of 8 to 25 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the reaction method is for weight
The hydrogenation reaction of oil；The hydrogenation reaction of the heavy oil the following steps are included:
The liquid charging stock that heavy oil, hydrogen and hydrogenation catalyst form is passed through into the non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component (20)
In, reaction is completed by the shock of non-submersion formula, cavitation, shear action, forms hydrogenation products.
28. reaction method according to claim 27, which is characterized in that unreacting material is also created in reaction process,
The hydrogenation reaction of the heavy oil further include: the unreacting material is discharged from reactor shell (10) bottom, and in driving equipment
(40) it is back in the non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component (20) and is followed by circulation line (30) under driving effect
Ring reaction.
29. reaction method according to claim 28, which is characterized in that in the hydrogenation process, described in control
Non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component (20) is located at the ullage in the reactor shell (10).
30. reaction method according to claim 29, which is characterized in that in the hydrogenation process, utilize setting
Hydrogenation products collector unit above the non-submersion formula impinging stream reaction component (20) collects the described plus hydrogen that reaction generates
Product.
31. reaction method according to claim 27, which is characterized in that the temperature of the hydrogenation reaction is 350~410
℃；The pressure of the hydrogenation reaction is less than or equal to 0.1MPa.
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| CN110947346A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-04-03 | 张其凯 | Differential hydrogenation reaction device |
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