RU2371245C2 - Reactor and cavitation device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to chemical apparatus, and more specifically to apparatus for activating chemical reactions, heat-mass exchange, saturation, mixture and homogenisation of heterogeneous media, as well as destruction of macromolecules. The reactor has a hydraulic impact generator, a cavitation device and apparatus for circulating processed products in the reactor. Channels carrying products to the inputs of the hydraulic impact generator and the cavitation device are separated from each other by a disconnecting valve and a check valve is fitted in each of these channels. The reactor is fitted with a pressure accumulator, input of which is connected through a check valve to the first output of the generator, and the output - to the second input of the cavitation device, whose output and the second output of the hydraulic impact generator can be connected to the reservoir for the processed product. The cavitation device has a housing with inlet and outlet channels, a chamber formed in the housing, as well as a cavitator. The cavitation device has a second inlet channel linked to the chamber, which can be connected to the output of the pressure accumulator and lies at a tangent to the inner surface of the chamber. The cavitator is placed in the outlet channel.

EFFECT: more efficient processing of the product.

18 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates mainly to chemical equipment and is intended to activate:

- redox reactions in the liquid phase between the dissolved substances and the products of dissociation of water that occur in cavitation bubbles and pass into the solution after their collapse;

- reactions between dissolved gases and substances with high vapor pressure inside cavitation bubbles;

- chain reactions in solution, which are induced by non-radical cleavage products, and by some other substance present in the system and cleaved in the cavitation cavity;

- reactions involving macromolecules (e.g., destruction of hydrocarbons).

In particular, the claimed objects provide preliminary oxidation of crude oil by the formation of free radicals, peroxides and other oxygen-containing compounds in the production of petroleum bitumen. The reactor and cavitation chamber are also means of intensifying heat and mass transfer, saturation, mixing and homogenization, and can also be used in microbiological production and water treatment systems as a disintegrator of microorganisms and cell membranes.

The well-known "Installation for the thermal processing of heavy oily fractions" according to patent RU 2215775. It contains a working capacity for the feedstock, a device for processing feedstock, separation of the processed feedstock, as well as cooling and condensation of the final product, interconnected. A device for processing the feedstock contains a cavitator in the form of a multi-stage rotary-pulsation apparatus, as well as a generator and emitter of electromagnetic waves in the form of a bimetallic antenna located in the tank for the feedstock. For the productive impact of an electromagnetic oscillation generator and a rotary-pulsation apparatus on raw materials, unacceptably large specific energy costs are required, which limits industrial application.

Known cavitation reactor (patent RU 2029611 - the closest analogue for the reactor), which contains a flow chamber with inlet and outlet devices, a cavitator installed in the chamber, a vessel with an air cushion, and a water hammer generator. The latter is installed at the outlet of the flow chamber and is made in the form of a shock valve with an external drive. There is an overpressure valve connected to the flow chamber behind the cavitator. The overpressure valve (referred to in the description of the invention as "reverse") is also equipped with a cavitator. This valve opens during water hammer and transmits a pressure wave in the direction opposite to the direction of the working flow. The latter circumstance weakens the discrete-pulse effect on the processed fluids, since the shock wave is not directed to the cavitator, but is transmitted through it, while being damped by the gas cushion of the vessel. Thus, the relative position of the elements and the connections between them are not optimal, and the external mechanical drive of the shock valve increases the cost of the structure and reduces its reliability.

Known hydrodynamic cavitation apparatus (patent RU 2144627 - the closest analogue for the cavitation apparatus), which is made in the form of a pipe with inlet and outlet openings, a cavitator ("cavitation insert"), as well as a cylindrical and "confuser" cameras. The cavitation apparatus is equipped with an end cap with a swirl ("tangential channels for supplying fluid from the pump to the cylindrical chamber"). This device has a limited scope of application (as a mixer or degasser that does not contain solid inclusions of liquids), because at high hydraulic losses, the liquid gives a low specific power.

The objectives of the claimed group of inventions are:

- increasing the specific power of the discrete - pulse effect on the liquid processed in the reactor (or heterogeneous media);

- expansion of functionality;

- ensuring the reliability of the equipment.

These technical results are achieved by the fact that in a reactor containing a water hammer generator in the processed product and a cavitation apparatus, means for circulating the processed product, according to the invention, the feed channels of the processed product to the inputs of the water hammer generator and cavitation apparatus are separated from each other by a disconnecting valve and in each of these of channels, a check valve is installed, and the reactor is equipped with a pressure accumulator of the processed product, the inlet of which is connected through a check valve the first output of the generator, and an output - to a second input of the cavitation apparatus, the output of which and the second output generator water hammer are connectable to the tank for the treated product.

The reactor can be equipped with a reagent tank mounted on the tank for the processed product, supplied to the processed product, associated with a pressure accumulator, which can be installed on the tank for the processed product.

The pump can be placed in the tank for the processed product.

The reactor can be equipped with a tee or ejector located in the reservoir for the processed product and containing an active and passive nozzle, a mixing chamber of the processed product and a diffuser, the output of the cavitation apparatus being connected to the active nozzle, the second output of the hydraulic pulse generator to passive, and the diffuser in communication with the reservoir for the processed product.

The mechanism of initiation of water hammer can be made in the form of a perforated partition mounted at the second output of the generator and fixed on the partition of the guide, on which, with the possibility of movement and interaction with the saddle, a plate is installed, spring-loaded relative to the partition, or in the form of a coil spring mounted on the second output of it or conical shape, on the second end of which a cork is fixed.

The non-return valve installed at the inlet of the hydroshock generator and the uncoupling valve can be installed in a common housing, connected to each other by a rod, spring-loaded relative to the housing, each of the valves being able to interact with its seat, and the stem length exceeds the distance between the seats, and the housing with check and disconnect valves can be placed in the reservoir for the processed product, while at least one of its elements that can contact the processed product can be in Full of compound materials: polytetrafluoroethylene - polymethyl methacrylate or from materials similar physicochemical properties.

In a cavitation apparatus comprising a housing with input and output channels, a chamber formed in the housing, as well as a cavitator, it is new that the cavitation apparatus is equipped with a second input channel in communication with the camera, which is able to connect tangentially with the output of the pressure accumulator of the medium being processed the inner surface of the chamber, and the cavitator is installed in the output channel.

The cavitation apparatus can be equipped with a swirler of the medium flow, located in the apparatus chamber, made in the form of blades fixed in the chamber, and a turbine wheel with the possibility of autorotation can be installed in the housing of the cavitation apparatus at the first inlet, with at least one of its elements having the ability to contact with the processed product is made from a combination of materials: polytetrafluoroethylene - polymethylmethacrylate or from materials of similar physical and chemical properties.

In the claimed group of inventions, one of the solutions (cavitation apparatus) is part of another (reactor), and therefore, the claimed group of inventions fully complies with the condition for the unity of the invention established by clause 2.3. "Rules for the compilation, filing and consideration of applications for the grant of a patent for an invention." Naturally, this does not mean that the cavitation apparatus cannot be used independently or as part of other devices.

When conducting patent research from the prior art, no solutions were identified that are identical to the claimed group of inventions, and therefore, the claimed group of inventions meets the condition of patentability “novelty”.

The essence of the claimed group of inventions does not follow explicitly from the solutions known from the prior art, and therefore, the claimed group of inventions meets the eligibility condition "inventive step".

The information set forth in the application materials is sufficient for the practical implementation of the solutions of the group of inventions.

The constructive implementation of the nodes and assemblies of the group of inventions, not shown in the application materials, is known and does not constitute the subject of patent protection in this application.

The claimed group of inventions is illustrated by the following graphic materials:

Figure 1 - reactor, circuit diagram;

Figure 2 - mechanism for initiating water hammer (fragment B in figure 1);

Figure 3 - modification of the reactor;

Figure 4 - working chamber of the cavitation apparatus, section;

Figure 5 is a section aa in figure 4;

Figure 6 - swirl with a scapular guide apparatus;

Figure 7 - mechanism for initiating water hammer;

Figure 8 - modification of the reactor;

Figure 9 is a fragment of figure 3 (block check and uncoupling valves, two extreme positions are shown);

Figure 10 - modification of the reactor;

Figure 11 - modification of the reactor;

Figure 12 is one of the possible versions of the ejector (fragment B in figure 11).

Elements of the objects of the group of inventions in figures 1-12 are indicated as:

1 - water hammer generator; 2 - camera; 3 - input channel of the camera; 4 - output channel of the camera; 5 - cavitator; 6 - a vessel with a gas cushion; 7 - mechanism for initiating water hammer; 8 - uncoupling valve; 9 - check valve; 10 - pump; 11 - tank; 12 - input channel of the generator; 13 - the first output channel of the generator; 14 - second output channel of the generator; 15 - additional check valve; 16 - external gas source; 17 - swirl; 18 - half-open cavity; 19 - inlet of the exhaust pipe; 20 - annular channel of the camera; 21 - blade guide apparatus; 22 - part of the working chamber made of polytetrafluoroethylene; 23 - part of the working chamber made of polymethyl methacrylate; 24 - communication channel of the cavity 18 with the valve 8; 25 - check valve at the outlet of channel 24; 26 - a partition; 27 - shock valve seat; 28 - guide; 29 - valve plate; 30 - a nave; 31 - screw compression spring; 32 - tension spring; 33 - cork; 34 - rod connecting the check and disconnect valves; 35 - non-return valve seat; 36 - saddle uncoupling valve; 37 - return spring; 38 - ejector; 39 - active nozzle of the ejector; 40 - passive nozzle of the ejector; 41 - mixing chamber; 42 - diffuser; 43 - axis; 44 - turbine wheel; L is the removal of the inlet 19 from the end surface of the cavity 18 (figure 4).

The implementation of the invention.

The reactor contains a cavitation apparatus connected to the hydroshock generator 1, comprising a chamber 2 formed in the apparatus body with input 3 and output 4 channels and cavitator 5. The reactor includes a pressure accumulator 6 of the processed product with a gas cushion. Water hammer generator 1 is equipped with a mechanism 7 for initiating water hammer. The circulation of the processed product through the reactor is provided by means that can be performed in various ways. This can be a pump, a device that generates a magnetic field that provides circulation, circulation can be provided by a device that creates a temperature gradient, due to which circulation is ensured, or by other devices whose structures are known.

The execution and operation of the reactor will be considered using an example of the use of a pump as the above. However, this does not mean that other means cannot be used as a means for circulating the processed product. The reactor also contains uncoupling 8 and check valves 9, as well as a pump 10 and a tank 11 for the processed product. The tank 11 is in communication with the suction pipe of the pump and the output channel 4. The possibility of placing the chamber 2 and / or other reactor elements inside the tank 11 is shown in figures 3 and 8. The generator 1 is made with input 12 and two output channels. The inlet 12 is in communication with the discharge pipe of the pump and the isolation valve 8. The isolation valve may, in particular, be an overpressure valve. An alternative embodiment of this valve is shown in figures 3 and 9, where the disconnecting valve is connected by a common stem 34 to the non-return valve 15. The stem rests on the central hole of the seat 36. The valve disc 15 is spring-loaded relative to the seat 36, the compression spring 37 is put on the stem 34 and abuts against seat 36. The length of the stem 34 exceeds the distance between the seats 35 (check valve) and 36 (isolation valve). When the check valve 15 is open, the isolation valve 8 is closed, and when the check valve is closed, it is open.

The first output channel of the generator 1 through the check valve 9 is in communication with the battery 6.

The second output channel 14 of the generator 1, the suction pipe of the pump and the exhaust pipe 4 of the chamber 2 can be communicated through a tee, as well as a jet or vortex ejector 38 (11), containing the active 39 and passive 40 nozzles, the mixing chamber 41 and the diffuser 42 ( Fig. 12). In this case, the output channel 4 of the chamber 2 is connected to the active nozzle 39, the second output channel 14 of the generator 1 is connected to the passive nozzle 40, and the diffuser 42 is in communication with the suction pipe of the pump.

Possible execution of the reactor, in which the battery 6 is made with a neck connected to the middle part of the chamber 2 of the cavitation apparatus coaxially with its output channel 4 (figure 8). The battery 6 can be communicated with an external source - a reservoir 16 of gas or gas mixtures (for example, ozone in the case of using a reactor for the oxidation of bitumen). The source may be, in particular, a cylinder (figure 1) with a gas reducer (not shown) and a check valve. The cavitation apparatus, as mentioned above, contains a chamber 2, which is equipped with a swirl 17 and a half-open cavity 18. The inlet 19 of the channel 4 of the apparatus is located inside the chamber and communicated with the cavity 18, and the cavitator is installed inside the channel 4. In the simplest case, the swirl formed by the tangential location of the input channel with respect to the inner surface 20 of the chamber 2 (figure 5). The swirler may also contain a blade guide apparatus 21 (figure 6). The swirl 17 can be made in the form of a cochlea (spiral nozzle input), this design is not shown in the figures, it is well known). Cavitator 5 is an element characterized in the formula at a functional level. The figures show a cavitator 5 in the form of a cone or a pyramid with ribs for fastening in the channel 4. The top of the cavitator is facing the half-open cavity 18. This embodiment is private and does not exhaust all possible design options of the cavitator.

Mutual relative movement of the half-open cavity 18 and the inlet of the outlet channel 4 along the axis of the chamber 2 is possible (with a change in size L, figure 4). This feature allows you to configure the device for certain modes and types of raw materials. The isolation valve 8 in a particular case can be communicated with the channel channel 24 through a half-open cavity 18 of the chamber 2 and its output channel 4. Moreover, between the valve 8 and the half-open cavity 18 can be placed check valve 25, "normally open" in the direction of the output channel 4 (figure 1). The half-open cavity 18 of the working chamber 2 may contain a diffuser mounted on the axis 43 with the possibility of autorotation of the turbine wheel 44 (figure 3). The axis 43 is hollow for communication with the channel 24. All or some parts of the cavitation apparatus can be made from a combination of polytetrafluoroethylene-polymethylmethacrylate materials, or from materials similar to those indicated by physicochemical properties. For example, part 22 can be made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and part 23 can be made of polymethylmethacrylate (Figure 4).

When the generator 1 is located outside the tank 11, it is preferable to use the mechanism 7, which is shown in figures 2 and 10. According to this embodiment, a profiled perforated partition 26 with a seat 27 is fixed in front of the second output channel 14 of the generator 1. A fixed guide 28 is fixed in the center of the partition on which, with the possibility of axial movement, a valve disc 29 with a support hub 30 is installed. The disc 29 is spring-loaded relative to the partition by means of a compression screw spring 31. It should be emphasized that the guide 28 may have a through hole for communicating the generator channel 13 with the chamber pipe 14 (as shown in FIG. 10). In the case of placing the mechanism 7 inside the tank 11 (figures 3 and 8), its design is simplified (figures 7 and 8). At the same time, the mechanism 7 is made in the form of a screw spring 32 cantileverly fixed to the outlet pipe 14 and closed by a stopper 33 at the free end. The spring 32 may be a tension spring (Figure 7) or a compression spring (Figure 8). If there is a tensile spring in the design and there is no external influence, its coils are tightly closed. When you turn on the pump 10, the fluid pressure at the bottom of the plug 33 overcomes the spring elasticity, a gap is formed between the turns. The pressure in the spring cavity drops, the elastic force returns the coil of the spring to its original position, interrupting the flow of fluid. Sudden stop of flow leads to water hammer. The turns diverge again, the cycle repeats. That is, the spring-plug system, under the action of a fluid flow, performs longitudinal self-oscillations. The spring 32 may be conical, while the spring is drowned by the plug 33 from the side of the larger base, the cavity of the spring forms a diffuser. If there is a compression spring in the design (Fig. 8), in the absence of external influence between the turns of the spring, there is a guaranteed clearance. When you turn on the pump 10, the fluid pressure on the end face of the plug 33 overcomes the elasticity of the spring, compressing the coils to their full contact. The pipe 14 is blocked. Sudden stop of flow leads to water hammer. In the phase of occurrence of a reduced pressure in the spring cavity, the elastic force returns the coils to their original position, resuming the flow of fluid. Similar to the above-described version with a tension spring, the compression spring - plug system also performs longitudinal self-oscillations under the action of a fluid flow.

The input channel of the generator 12 and the input channel 3 of the camera 2 can be combined, while the first output channel 13 of the generator 1 is in communication with the output channel 4 of the camera 2 (figure 10).

The reactor operates as follows.

The system is filled with processed liquid raw materials. With pump 10, fluid from the reservoir 11 is pumped into the channel 12 of the generator 1. The differential pressure acts on the valve disc 29 of the mechanism 7, forcing it to overcome the resistance of the spring 31 and press against the seat 27. As a result of the sudden braking of the flow, a hydraulic shock occurs. A shock wave is reflected from the valve disc 29 and rushes into the cavity of the accumulator 6 through the non-return valve 9. The same pressure wave closes the non-return valve 15, cutting off the generator 1 from the pump 10. As the pump 10 continues to pump liquid, the isolation valve 8. is opened. This can happen, equally: a) under the influence of excessive pressure; b) as a result of blocking of valve 8 with valve 15. From valve 8 that has opened (in one way or another), liquid enters reservoir 11 (preferably through cavity 18 of chamber 2 and channel 4 of this chamber). When the wave reaches the negative pressure of the shock valve, the check valves 9 and 15 are closed, and the plate 29 and valve 8 open. When the plate 7, valves 8, 9 and 15 are triggered, the waves of high and low pressure are cyclically changed. Thus, the generator 1 is an oscillation oscillator. When there is a phase of acceleration of the liquid in the pipeline connecting the discharge pipe of the pump 10 with the channel 12 of the generator 1, the previously compressed gas in the accumulator 6 expands and squeezes the liquid into the channel 13. Raw materials with excess pressure from the channel 13 are supplied to the channel 3. The pressure of the processed product in the channel 13 in the discharge phase exceeds the pump head tens of times. The degree of pressure increase is limited by the strength characteristics of the reactor parts, the geometry of the accumulator 6, as well as the physical properties of the liquid and gas in the air cushion of the vessel. Thus, the processed raw material with a greatly increased pressure is supplied to the cavitator 5 compared with the pressure of the pump 10. The pressure drop in front of the cavitator and behind it increases, therefore, also the cavitation index (the volume concentration of cavitation bubbles in the reactor chamber reaches tens of billions per cubic meter) . During the collapse of the bubbles, local pressure pulses arise up to several thousand MPa, and the temperature increase in the collapse zone reaches several thousand degrees Celsius. When using the reactor in the production of petroleum bitumen, the claimed technical solutions are installed at the entrance to the standard oxidizing column as an activation module. In this case, the feedstock 11 is fed with raw materials (for example, in the form of a mixture of slope, tar and asphalt), and ozone, oxygen, or compressed air are fed into accumulator 6. Wave and cavitation effects on raw materials allow preliminary oxidation at low temperatures (of the order of 150 degrees Celsius) by intensive heat and mass transfer in a foamy medium. As a result, the productivity of the process increases, unit costs are reduced. The velocity of cumulative microflows in the collapse zone reaches supersonic values. In the gas cushion of the accumulator 6, cyclic fluctuations in pressure and speed are generated. When supplying gas (gas mixtures) to the battery cushion 6 from an external source 16, high-frequency pulsations in the battery 6 provide gas saturation in the processed raw materials and a high degree of mass transfer.

The cavitation apparatus works as follows.

обладает удельным сопротивлением на шесть порядков меньше, чем политетрафторэтилен. Вот почему возникновение тока эмиссии достигается на деталях из полиметилметакрилата, расположенных по отношению к деталям из (CF2 - CF2)n последовательно по ходу течения сырья. При этом потенциал достигает 50 Кэв и выше. В результате эмиссионный ток возбуждает молекулы сырья, число кавитационных каверн увеличивается при прочих равных условиях.When liquid raw material (or a heterogeneous medium, for example, suspension) is injected from the swirl 17 into the chamber 2, a swirling flow is created, which moves along the annular channel 20 formed by the wall of the channel 4 and the inner surface of the chamber 2. In the channel 20, the flow accelerates, its pressure drops below saturated vapor pressure of the liquid phase. Cavitation bubbles and their associations, caverns, form in the liquid. The medium flow in the channel is accompanied by turbulent pulsations of pressure and velocity in the ultrasonic frequency range. Then, the flow enters by inertia into the half-open cavity 18, where it undergoes a sharp deceleration, accompanied by a pressure jump. Collapse (collapse) of cavitation bubbles occurs. The flow changes the sign of the axial speed in an extremely short time (without which it is impossible to enter the hole 19 of channel 4), which entails large shear stresses in fuel oil, oils and other processed products. Inside the channel 4, the activated raw material flows onto the cavitator 5. Behind the cavitator 5, a rarefaction zone and the appearance of cavitation bubbles are created. As a result of the subsequent rapid increase in pressure, a collapse of the bubbles occurs, accompanied by spherical shock waves and many cumulative microflows. The implementation of all or some parts of the reactor and / or cavitation chamber from a combination of polytetrafluoroethylene-polymethylmethacrylate materials (or from materials similar to those indicated by physical properties) is aimed at improving the processing efficiency of oil products and other non-Newtonian liquids (aqueous polymer solutions, inverse emulsions, oils and etc.). Polytetrafluoroethylene (CF2 - CF2) n has, due to the electronegativity of fluorine, a large electron affinity. The electron work function Δ (еφ) for polytetrafluoroethylene is 10.1 eV. Polymethyl methacrylate

has a resistivity of six orders of magnitude less than polytetrafluoroethylene. That is why the occurrence of an emission current is achieved on parts made of polymethylmethacrylate located in relation to parts made of (CF2 - CF2) n sequentially along the course of the flow of raw materials. In this case, the potential reaches 50 Kev and higher. As a result, the emission current excites the raw material molecules; the number of cavitation cavities increases, all other things being equal.

The synergy of turbulent pulsations, cavitation, shock waves ensures the effective activation of raw materials. These effects also effectively destroy cell membranes and microorganisms, which makes the claimed technical solutions relevant for biological water treatment, as well as microbiological production.

The industrial applicability of the objects of the application is also confirmed by the use of devices of a similar purpose, but structurally different (Promtov MA Machines and apparatuses with pulsed energetic effects on the processed substances. M.: Publishing House Mashinostroyenie-1, 2004). In particular, ultrasonic treatment of heavy oil residues (preceding the supply of raw materials to the distillation column) increases the yield of light fractions (with a boiling point up to 350 ° C) by 18 ... 23%. The efficiency of ultrasound generators is small, and the cavitation zone is created only near the emitting surfaces (but not in the volume of liquid, as in the claimed reactor). The specific energy consumption for cavitation in the claimed reactor, used in combination with a cavitation apparatus, is an order of magnitude less than when using industrial ultrasound generators.

Claims (18)

1. A reactor containing a hydroshock generator in the processed product, a cavitation apparatus and means for circulating the processed product, characterized in that the feed channels of the processed product to the inputs of the hydroshock generator and the cavitation apparatus are separated from each other by a disconnecting valve, and a return valve is installed in each of these channels a valve, and the reactor is equipped with a pressure accumulator, the input of which through the check valve is connected to the first output of the generator, and the output to the second input of the cavitation device, the course of which and the second output of the hydroshock generator have the ability to connect to the reservoir for the processed product. 2. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for circulating the processed product is made in the form of a pump, the suction pipe of which has the ability to connect to the reservoir for the processed product, and the discharge pipe - with the inputs of the hydroshock generator and cavitation apparatus. 3. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a reservoir for reagents supplied to the processed product, associated with a pressure accumulator. 4. The reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that the reagent tank is installed on the tank for the processed product. 5. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure accumulator is installed on the tank for the processed product. 6. The reactor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pump is located in the tank for the processed product. 7. The reactor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the input channel of the hammer generator, the suction pipe of the pump and the output channel of the cavitation apparatus are connected by a tee. 8. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an ejector located in the reservoir for the processed product and containing an active and passive nozzle, a mixing chamber of the processed product and a diffuser, the output of the cavitation apparatus being connected to the active nozzle, the second output of the hydraulic pulse generator is with passive, and the diffuser is in communication with the reservoir for the processed product. 9. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanism for initiating water hammer is made in the form of a perforated partition mounted at the second output of the generator and mounted on a partition guide, on which a plate spring-loaded relative to the partition is mounted with the possibility of movement and interaction with the saddle. 10. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanism for initiating water hammer is made in the form of a coil spring of a cylindrical or conical shape, installed on the second end, with an end cap fixed to its second end. 11. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the non-return valve installed at the inlet of the hydraulic shock generator and the uncoupling valve are installed in a common housing, connected to each other by a rod spring-loaded relative to the housing, each of the valves being able to interact with its seat, and the stem length exceeds the distance between the seats. 12. The reactor according to claim 11, characterized in that the housing with check and disconnect valves is placed in the tank for the processed product. 13. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of its elements having the ability to contact with the processed product is made from a combination of materials: polytetrafluoroethylene-polymethylmethacrylate or from materials of similar physicochemical properties. 14. A cavitation apparatus comprising a housing with input and output channels, a chamber formed in the housing, and a cavitator, characterized in that the cavitation apparatus is equipped with a second input channel in communication with the camera, which is able to connect to the output of the pressure accumulator and located tangentially relative to the inner surface cameras, and the cavitator is installed in the output channel. 15. The cavitation apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that it is equipped with a swirler of the processed medium flow located in the chamber of the apparatus. 16. The cavitation apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the swirler is made in the form of blades fixed in the chamber. 17. The cavitation apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that a turbine wheel with autorotation is installed in its housing at the first entrance. 18. The cavitation apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that at least one of its elements having the ability to contact the processed product is made from a combination of materials: polytetrafluoroethylene - polymethylmethacrylate or from materials of similar physicochemical properties.

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