CN110150487A - 缓解断奶仔猪应激反应的lca饲料及饲喂方法 - Google Patents
缓解断奶仔猪应激反应的lca饲料及饲喂方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了缓解断奶仔猪应激反应的LCA饲料及饲喂方法，基础日粮中添加0.02‑0.03%的石胆酸，前三天定点定量预试喂养，第四至第八天进入正式期，每天定点添料2次，自由采食及饮水。本发明弥补仔猪消化系统、免疫系统不完善的阶段性问题，单一的石胆酸成分，不会破坏仔猪整个机体的胆汁酸肝肠循环，极少的添加量即可促进仔猪采食量提升，有效防止腹泻等应激反应，效果显著，成本低，替代常规添加的2‑3%的氧化锌、CA、或抗生素，毒性小。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及动物饲养领域，更具体地说，它涉及缓解断奶仔猪应激反应的LCA饲料及饲喂方法。
背景技术
仔猪一般在28-35日龄进行断奶，很多养猪户反映仔猪在断奶时会出现不同程度的生长障碍，例如仔猪被毛粗乱、不吃料、消瘦、腹泻甚至出现死亡等现象。主要原因有三，一是生理特点，包括微生物区系的变化、消化道和消化腺发育不完善，消化酶分泌不足等，即哺乳仔猪因母乳中含有乳酸，胃内的PH值较低，仔猪一经断奶，胃内的乳酸菌逐渐减少，PH值明显升高，大肠杆菌等细菌含量逐渐增多，原本良好的微生物区系受到破坏，导致仔猪发生疾病；断奶时由于日粮变化大，与之相使用的胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶分泌不足，淀粉酶活性较低，这些特点使仔猪不具备消化大量植物性饲料的能力。二是免疫状态，新生仔猪从初乳中获得母源抗体，随着时间推移，初乳中蛋白质、免疫球蛋白不断下降，到产后第3周降到最低水平，而自身的免疫系统还未完全建立，导致仔猪的抗病能力差。三是应激反应，仔猪离开母猪后，在精神和生理上都会产生应激，加上离开原来的生活环境，对新环境不适应导致仔猪发生条件性的疾病。
断奶仔猪是生长猪发育最迅速、可塑性最大、饲料利用率最高、最有利于定向培育的重要阶段。断奶仔猪的饲养管理直接关系到仔猪的生长发育，这一阶段的中心任务是减少仔猪断奶后生长障碍，预防和消除疾病的侵入，提高断奶仔猪的成活率，获得最好的日增重，为肥育猪生产奠定良好的基础。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种解决上述问题的缓解断奶仔猪应激反应的LCA饲料及饲喂方法，单一的石胆酸成分，不会破坏仔猪整个机体的胆汁酸肝肠循环，极少的添加量即可促进仔猪采食量提升，有效防止腹泻等应激反应，效果显著，成本低，替代常规添加的2-3%的氧化锌、CA、或抗生素，毒性小。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下技术方案：
缓解断奶仔猪应激反应的LCA饲料，基础日粮中添加0.02-0.03%的石胆酸。
进一步限定，所述石胆酸名为3α-羟基-5β-胆烷，其分子式为
。
进一步最佳方案，基础日粮中添加0.03%的石胆酸。
本发明还提供了LCA饲料缓解断奶仔猪应激反应的饲喂方法。仔猪转入猪舍后先进行3天预试期，预试期每天定点定量添料2次，时间点8：00，18：00，采食量按照体重的3-5%添加，饮水2L/头/天；第4-8天进入正式期，每天定点添料2次，时间点8：00，18：00，自由采食及饮水。
本发明有益效果：
石胆酸（LCA），是存在于人、牛、兔的胆汁及牛、猪的胆石中的一种胆汁酸，也可人工合成，研究表明其以及其衍生物具有多种生理活性，弥补仔猪消化系统、免疫系统不完善的阶段性问题。单一的石胆酸成分，不会破坏仔猪整个机体的胆汁酸肝肠循环，极少的添加量即可促进仔猪采食量提升，有效防止腹泻等应激反应，效果显著，成本低，替代常规添加的2-3%的氧化锌、CA、或抗生素，毒性小。
具体实施方式
动物实验：
购买28日龄体健的断奶大白仔猪，选取体重大小7kg左右，性别一致，并随机分组进行饲养管理。仔猪转入猪舍前对猪舍全面清洁和消毒（2%烧碱溶液喷撒），饲养中每天清理猪舍一次，每周1次定期给猪舍消毒，所有仔猪都接种猪伪狂犬病疫苗、口蹄疫、蓝耳病、哮喘和猪霍乱疫苗。
仔猪初始称重：仔猪断水断粮12h，使用足够容纳仔猪的纸箱放置于电子磅上置零，先抓猪耳朵，再提起猪后肢将其轻轻放入纸箱中称重并记录。注意抓猪动作轻缓，尽量减少应缴反应。
随机分组：选9头大白仔猪按照1、2、3……8、9随机编号并打耳号，使用随机抓阄方法进行分组，分为A、B、C3组，每组3头，分别用添加0.3%氧化锌ZnO基础日粮，添加0.2%胆酸CA基础日粮，添加0.03%石胆酸LCA基础日粮，分别饲喂。
预试期：仔猪转入猪舍后先进行3天预试期，预试期每天定点定量添料2次，时间点8：00，18：00，自由采食及饮水，采食量按照体重的3-5%添加，饮水2L/头/天。记录每天的具体采食量和饮水量。
正式期：第4-8天进入正式期，每天定点添料2次，时间点8：00，18：00，自由采食及饮水。记录初始日粮总重量及饲喂结束后剩余日粮总量，用于计算平均日采食量。
日常检查：试验期间，每天上午9：00、晚上21：00检查猪舍两次，记录仔猪日采食量、日增重、食欲、精神、粪便、腹泻头次及健康状况，并对粪便进行评分，评分采取4分制，计算腹泻率。
仔猪终体重：正式期饲喂5天后，仔猪断水断粮12h，使用足够容纳仔猪的纸箱放置于电子磅上置零，先抓猪耳朵，再提起猪后肢将其轻轻放入纸箱中称重并记录。注意抓猪动作轻缓，尽量减少应缴反应。结合初始体重，计算平均日增重，用平均日采食量和平均日增重计算料重比。
从试验期间数据统计可见，添加0.03%LCA基础日粮的试验组，三头仔猪无论是从日平均采食量、日平均增重以及发生腹泻次数来看，都有更好的抗应缴反应的效果，且其添加量仅是其他组别添加量的十分之一，毒性显著减小，从成本控制上也更胜一筹。
Claims (4)
1.缓解断奶仔猪应激反应的LCA饲料，其特征在于：基础日粮中添加0.02-0.03%的石胆酸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的缓解断奶仔猪应激反应的LCA饲料，其特征在于：所述石胆酸名为3α-羟基-5β-胆烷，其分子式为
。
3.根据权利要求1所述的缓解断奶仔猪应激反应的LCA饲料，其特征在于：基础日粮中添加0.03%的石胆酸。
4.LCA饲料缓解断奶仔猪应激反应的饲喂方法，其特征在于：仔猪转入猪舍后先进行3天预试期，预试期每天定点定量添料2次，时间点8：00，18：00，自由采食及饮水，采食量按照体重的3-5%添加，饮水2L/头/天；第4-8天进入正式期，每天定点添料2次，时间点8：00，18：00，自由采食及饮水。
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN101677595A (zh) * | 2006-08-24 | 2010-03-24 | 出光兴产株式会社 | 动物用饲料添加剂 |
| CN101366451A (zh) * | 2008-08-28 | 2009-02-18 | 成都思来生物科技有限公司 | 一种提高油脂消化利用率的饲料添加剂及其制备方法 |
| CN108783015A (zh) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-11-13 | 山东龙昌动物保健品有限公司 | 胆汁酸在制备用于提高断奶仔猪生长性能的添加剂中的应用 |
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| Title |
|---|
| 赵晓芳 等: "胆汁酸的生理功能及在畜牧业中的应用", 《饲料工业》 * |
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