CN110149126A - A kind of beam form-endowing method and beam size enlargement apparatus of 3D-MIMO system - Google Patents
A kind of beam form-endowing method and beam size enlargement apparatus of 3D-MIMO system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110149126A CN110149126A CN201910439180.6A CN201910439180A CN110149126A CN 110149126 A CN110149126 A CN 110149126A CN 201910439180 A CN201910439180 A CN 201910439180A CN 110149126 A CN110149126 A CN 110149126A
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- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the beam form-endowing methods and beam size enlargement apparatus of a kind of 3D-MIMO system, this method comprises: obtaining the autocorrelation matrix for receiving signal；It constantly adjusts initial level angle and initial perpendicular angle respectively within the scope of 360 °, received signal power is obtained according to initial level angle adjusted and initial perpendicular angle, received signal power is maximum to be used as thick level angle and thick vertical angle；Constantly adjust thick level angle and thick vertical angle respectively in predetermined small angle range, received signal power is obtained according to thick level angle adjusted and thick vertical angle, it is prominent as smart level angle and smart vertical angle in the inscribed collection of letters number of predetermined small angle range；The wave beam forming factor is obtained according to smart level angle and smart vertical angle, to complete the wave beam forming of 3D-MIMO system, carries out coarse scanning and essence scanning two-stage scan to signal incident angle is received, the reception signal incident angle of acquisition is more accurate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the beam form-endowing method of multi-antenna communications technology field more particularly to a kind of 3D-MIMO system and
Beam size enlargement apparatus.
Background technique
Smart antenna (SA) is the key technology of anti-multipath fading in mobile communication system, it makes the unmanned plane of air communication
Transceiver works in selectivity reception and emission state, reduces multipath fading, its essence is spatial domain adaptive-filtering skills
Art.Smart antenna is generally defined as a kind of aerial array for being installed on mobile wireless access system base-station side, passes through one group of band
There is the fixed antenna unit of programmable electronic phase relation, the direction for obtaining each link between unmanned plane and ground installation is special
Property.Smart antenna improves space filtering effect using beamforming technique, and wave beam forming also has anti-multipath effect to a certain extent
Fruit.The basic principle of wave beam forming is the weight by changing each antenna element, forms directional antenna beam, main beam pair in space
It is expected that the signal of unmanned plane is tracked, and null is formed in interference user direction, is greatly lowered the interference of system in this way,
Improve frequency efficiency.Currently, 3D-MIMO (the Three Dimensional Multiple Input of smart antenna
Multiple Output) algorithm is mostly used in 4G/5G ofdm communication equipment or in radar communication, the base of smart antenna
The processing function of whole baseband digital signals, including beamforming algorithm are completed in band signal processor.This base band signal process
Device uses the concept of software radio, and groundwork is in single-chip microcontroller (MCU), digital signal processor and programmable logic device
It is completed on general hardware platforms such as (FPGA or CPLD).But for less use in the unmanned machine equipment of miniaturization.
Currently, the beamforming algorithm of smart antenna has a kind of beam scanning method (Grid of Beam, GOB), GOB algorithm
It is the airspace parameter using channel, unmanned plane is made to realize downlink directional transmissions.The basic ideas of GOB algorithm are: will be entire empty
Between be divided into L region, and one initial angle is set for each region；It is to add with the direction vector of the initial angle of each region
Weight coefficient calculates received signal power, then finds the corresponding region of maximum power, then by the initial angle in the region as estimating
The angle of arrival of meter.The characteristics of using uplink and downlink channel symmetry, determine figuration angle.
The prior art for GOB mode is all based on two-dimensional linear array to realize, beam scanning speed is slow, heavy workload.
Therefore it provides a kind of beam form-endowing method and beam size enlargement apparatus of 3D-MIMO system.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above problems, it proposes on the present invention overcomes the above problem or at least be partially solved in order to provide one kind
The beam form-endowing method and beam size enlargement apparatus of the 3D-MIMO system of problem are stated, how is solved in the communication for minimizing single carrier
The problem of equipment application fast beam figuration technology.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of beam form-endowing method of 3D-MIMO system is provided, circular array is used for
Column, comprising the following steps:
According to the autocorrelation matrix for receiving signal acquisition and receiving signal of more antennas；
The constantly adjustment respectively within the scope of 360 ° according to scheduled level angle coarse-grain and vertical angle coarse-grain
Initial level angle and initial perpendicular angle, to carry out comprehensive coarse scanning to 3D-MIMO system, according to initial water adjusted
Straight angle degree and initial perpendicular angle obtain received signal power, and received signal power is maximum as thick level angle and thick vertical
Angle, wherein scheduled level angle coarse-grain and vertical angle thick are determined according to the antenna number of circular antenna array
Granularity；
Distinguish not in predetermined small angle range according to scheduled level angle essence granularity and vertical angle essence granularity
It is disconnected to adjust thick level angle and thick vertical angle, it is scanned with carrying out low-angle high-precision to 3D-MIMO system, according to adjusted
Thick level angle and thick vertical angle obtain received signal power, in the inscribed number prominent work of collecting mail of predetermined small angle range
For smart level angle and smart vertical angle, wherein determine scheduled level angle essence granularity according to predetermined angular range and hang down
Squareness essence granularity；
The wave beam forming factor is obtained according to smart level angle and smart vertical angle, is assigned with completing the wave beam of 3D-MIMO system
Shape.
Further, scheduled level angle thick is determined according to the antenna number of circular antenna array by following formula
Granularity and vertical angle coarse-grain:
Part1=360 °/N
Part2=180 °/N
Wherein, part1 is scheduled level angle coarse-grain, and part2 is scheduled vertical angle coarse-grain, and N is
The antenna number of circular antenna array.
Further, distinguish within the scope of 360 ° according to scheduled level angle coarse-grain and vertical angle coarse-grain
Constantly adjustment initial level angle and initial perpendicular angle, are implemented as follows:
Initial level angle remains unchanged in horizontal dimensions, according to scheduled vertical angle coarse-grain to initial perpendicular
Angle successively adds up in the vertical dimension, completes 360 ° of scannings；
Initial level angle is accumulated once according to scheduled vertical angle coarse-grain, the level angle after accumulating once
Remained unchanged in horizontal dimensions, according to scheduled vertical angle coarse-grain to initial perpendicular angle in the vertical dimension successively
It is cumulative, complete 360 ° of scannings；
Until 360 ° of cumulative completion to initial level angle scannings, multiple groups initial level angle adjusted and just is obtained
Beginning vertical angle.
Further, scheduled level angle essence granularity and vertical angle essence particle are determined according to predetermined angular range
Degree, is implemented as follows:
Determine that horizontal predetermined angular range is [θ1- △ θ, θ1+ △ θ], wherein θ1For thick level angle, △ θ is thick horizontal
Angular error；Vertically predetermined angular range isWherein,For thick vertical angle,It is thick
Vertical angle error；
Scheduled level angle essence granularity is 2 △ θ/n1, wherein △ θ is thick level angle error, n1For thick horizontal angle
Degree adjustment number；Scheduled vertical angle essence granularity isWherein,For thick vertical angle error, n2It is thick
Vertical angle adjusts number.
Further, according to scheduled level angle essence granularity and vertical angle essence granularity in predetermined small angle range
Interior difference constantly adjusts thick level angle and thick vertical angle, is implemented as follows:
Thick level angle remains unchanged in horizontal dimensions, withFor unit to thick vertical angle in vertical dimensions
On successively add up, it is complete to be angledScanning；
Thick level angle accumulates once 2 △ θ/n1, the level angle after accumulating once remains unchanged in horizontal dimensions, withIt successively adds up in the vertical dimension for unit to thick vertical angle, it is complete to be angledScanning；
Until 360 ° of cumulative completion to thick level angle scannings, multiple groups thick level angle adjusted and thick vertical is obtained
Angle.
Further, by following formula according to the autocorrelation matrix for receiving signal acquisition and receiving signal of more antennas:
Ruu=E [U (t) * UH(t)]
Wherein, RuuFor auto-correlation function, E [] is autocorrelation matrix desired value, and U (t) is receipt signal matrix, UH(t)
For the conjugate matrices of receipt signal matrix.
Further, it is obtained by the following formula received signal power:
Wherein, Pcbf(θ, φ) is received signal power,For weighting coefficient, RuuFor auto-correlation function,
For the conjugation of weighting coefficient.
Further, the wave beam forming factor is obtained according to smart level angle and smart vertical angle by following formula:
Wherein,For the wave beam forming factor, R is circular antenna array radius, and θ is the level angle for receiving signal,For the vertical angle for receiving signal, n is antenna number, and N is the antenna sum of circular antenna array, and λ is the wavelength for receiving signal.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of beam size enlargement apparatus of 3D-MIMO system is provided, comprising:
Signal processing module is received, for the autocorrelation matrix for receiving signal acquisition and receiving signal according to more antennas；
Signal incident angle coarse scanning module is received, for thick according to scheduled level angle coarse-grain and vertical angle
Granularity constantly adjusts initial level angle and initial perpendicular angle respectively within the scope of 360 °, to carry out to 3D-MIMO system
Comprehensive coarse scanning obtains received signal power according to initial level angle adjusted and initial perpendicular angle, receives signal
It is prominent to be used as thick level angle and thick vertical angle, wherein to be determined according to the antenna number of circular antenna array predetermined
Level angle coarse-grain and vertical angle coarse-grain；
Signal incident angle essence scan module is received, for according to scheduled level angle essence granularity and vertical angle essence
Granularity constantly adjusts thick level angle and thick vertical angle respectively in predetermined small angle range, with to 3D-MIMO system into
Row low-angle high-precision scans, and received signal power is obtained according to thick level angle adjusted and thick vertical angle, predetermined
The inscribed collection of letters number of small angle range is prominent as smart level angle and smart vertical angle, wherein according to predetermined angular model
It encloses and determines scheduled level angle essence granularity and vertical angle essence granularity；
Wave beam forming module, for obtaining the wave beam forming factor according to smart level angle and smart vertical angle, to complete 3D-
The wave beam forming of mimo system.
Further, in receiving signal incident angle coarse scanning module, by following formula according to circular antenna array
Antenna number determine scheduled level angle coarse-grain and vertical angle coarse-grain:
Part1=360 °/N
Part2=180 °/N
Wherein, part1 is scheduled level angle coarse-grain, and part2 is scheduled vertical angle coarse-grain, and N is
The antenna number of circular antenna array.
The present invention has the advantage that compared with prior art
1. the round day that the beam form-endowing method and beam size enlargement apparatus of 3D-MIMO system of the invention use 3D-MIMO
Linear array realizes horizontal 360-degree and 360 degree of pitching three-dimensional fast beam scannings, can adapt to 360 degree of unmanned plane of entire ball
The communicating requirement in face；
2. the beam form-endowing method and beam size enlargement apparatus of 3D-MIMO system of the invention to receive signal incident angle into
Row coarse scanning and essence scanning two-stage scan, the reception signal incident angle of acquisition are more accurate；
3. the beam form-endowing method and beam size enlargement apparatus of 3D-MIMO system of the invention are respectively to the level of two-stage scan
Scanning particle degree and vertical scanning granularity are refined, and can reduce the workload of beam scanning, while improving beam scanning
Speed, the time of beam scanning is greatly saved.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and examples, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is circle Array Model schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the beam form-endowing method block diagram of 3D-MIMO system of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the beam form-endowing method specific implementation flow chart of 3D-MIMO system of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the beam-forming system block diagram of 3D-MIMO system of the invention；
Fig. 5 is θ in 8 antenna circular array of the invention2=30 °,When wave beam schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 be horizontal direction of the invention be 60 ° when horizontal direction beam scanning figure；
Fig. 7 be vertical direction of the invention be 30 ° when vertical direction beam scanning figure；
Fig. 8 is the 3D-MIMO beam scanning figure of the invention that 8 antenna circular array are carried out with 30 ° of granularity coarse scannings；
Fig. 9 is horizontal direction of the invention with 30 ° of granularity coarse scanning schematic diagrames；
Figure 10 is vertical direction of the invention with 30 ° of granularity coarse scanning schematic diagrames；
Figure 11 is the 3D-MIMO beam scanning figure of the invention that 8 antenna circular array are carried out with the scanning of 3 ° of granularity essences；
Figure 12 is horizontal direction of the invention with 3 ° of granularity coarse scanning schematic diagrames；
Figure 13 is vertical direction of the invention with 3 ° of granularity coarse scanning schematic diagrames；
Wave beam comparison diagram when Figure 14 is of the invention 3 ° of level angle error；
Wave beam comparison diagram when Figure 15 is of the invention 3 ° of vertical angle error.
Specific embodiment
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are described in more detail below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although showing the disclosure in attached drawing
Exemplary embodiment, it being understood, however, that may be realized in various forms the disclosure without should be by embodiments set forth here
It is limited.On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to facilitate a more thoroughly understanding of the present invention, and can be by the scope of the present disclosure
It is fully disclosed to those skilled in the art.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless expressly stated, singular " one " used herein, " one
It is a ", " described " and "the" may also comprise plural form.It is to be further understood that being arranged used in specification of the invention
Diction " comprising " refer to that there are the feature, integer, step, operation, element and/or component, but it is not excluded that in the presence of or addition
Other one or more features, integer, step, operation, element, component and/or their group.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technology art
Language and scientific term), there is meaning identical with the general understanding of those of ordinary skill in fields of the present invention.Should also
Understand, those terms such as defined in the general dictionary, it should be understood that have in the context of the prior art
The consistent meaning of meaning, and unless otherwise will not be explained in an idealized or overly formal meaning by specific definitions.
Present invention is mainly used for solve how to minimize the communication equipment application fast beam figuration technology of single carrier
Problem, specifically, the communication that method and device provided by the invention is required to adapt to 360 degree of unmanned plane of entire spherical surface are wanted
It asks, therefore, the present invention realizes 360 degree of three-dimensionals of horizontal 360-degree and pitching using the circular antenna array of 3D-MIMO shown in FIG. 1
Fast beam scanning.In figure, direction s is the direction for receiving signal, and θ is the vertical angle for receiving signal,To receive signal
Level angle.
Using the center of circle in Fig. 1 as phase reference point, then can find out n-th phase difference between antenna and the center of circle is
So the normalized radiation pattern function of circle is
As θ=θ0,When,It is maximized.
To the direction steering vector of the Beam-former of circular arrayFor
The method that wave beam weight calculates is that synthesis is each to input information to calculate the mathematics of best initial weights according to certain criterion
Method.It is most important most common including minimum mean square error criterion (MMSE), maximum signal noise ratio principle (MSNR) in these criterion
With linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV).Although these three criterion are entirely different in principle, in the ideal case,
These three criterion be theoretically it is of equal value, obtained optimum right vector may be expressed as wiener solution, i.e. optimal weight is
When the characteristic of bay is just the same, all for omnidirectional antenna when, matrix R is a diagonal matrix, and diagonal line
On element value it is all identical.
S (t) is original transmitted signal, and the reception signal of antenna is u
Receive signal u used vector channel impulse response (Vector Channel Impulse Response,
VCIR):
Wherein, I is multipath sum, θiIt is the road i multipath direction,αi, τiIt is the direction vector for receiving signal, amplitude respectively
And time delay.Vector channel impulse response gives from the impulse response (including aerial array) for being dealt into receipts.It is communication space with
The overall response of manifold.
Such as emitting signal is s (t), then receives signal are as follows:
Wherein, I is multipath sum, θiIt is the road i multipath direction,αi, τiIt is the direction vector for receiving signal, amplitude respectively
And time delay.
The basic principle of method of the invention is as follows: by two-dimensional scanning angle, θ,Method obtain signal incoming wave side
To complete the figuration of wave beam.Namely consecutive variationsθ is namely constantly changed,Two variables, one
It is pitch angle, one is level angle, whenWhen, that is, the angle one of angle and input signal changed
Sample or it is close when, output power P is maximum, at this point, output power is
Fig. 2 is the beam form-endowing method block diagram of 3D-MIMO system of the invention, referring to fig. 2,3D- provided by the invention
The beam form-endowing method of mimo system is used for circular antenna array, comprising the following steps:
S1, according to the autocorrelation matrix for receiving signal acquisition and receiving signal of more antennas；
Specifically, by following formula according to the autocorrelation matrix for receiving signal acquisition and receiving signal of more antennas:
Wherein, RuuFor auto-correlation function,For received signal vector,For the conjugation of received signal vector, E [] is
Autocorrelation matrix desired value, U (t) are receipt signal matrix, UHIt (t) is the conjugate matrices of receipt signal matrix.
For example, U is to receive N=8 root antenna, every antenna reception signal is used as L=128 symbol data and collects
Physical layer data.Therefore, U (t) is the matrix of a N*L, UH(t) matrix for being L*N, two matrix phases of N*L and L*N
Multiply, obtains the autocorrelation matrix of a N*N.
S2 is constantly adjusted within the scope of 360 ° respectively according to scheduled level angle coarse-grain and vertical angle coarse-grain
Whole initial level angle and initial perpendicular angle, to carry out comprehensive coarse scanning to 3D-MIMO system, according to adjusted initial
Level angle and initial perpendicular angle obtain received signal power, and received signal power is maximum as thick level angle and thick vertical
Squareness, wherein determine that scheduled level angle coarse-grain and vertical angle are thick according to the antenna number of circular antenna array
Granularity；
Specifically, it is obtained by the following formula received signal power:
Wherein,For received signal power,For weighting coefficient, RuuFor auto-correlation function,
For the conjugation of weighting coefficient.
The derivation for obtaining the formula of received signal power is as follows:
In order to obtain main lobe direction alignmentWave beam, the actually signal that receives of unmanned plane multiple antennas is as follows, is
From the signal of specific directionWherein, s (t) is original transmitted signal, the reception signal of antenna
For
The airspace matching power W of the direction is represented by
It is an object of the present invention to complete the mean square power of the signal Z after weighting maximum, if the mean square power of Z is maximum,
Mean to have found arrival bearing by adjusting weighting coefficient WNamely allow PcbfPower is maximum, so conventional wave beam
The output power of shaper can indicate are as follows:
Wherein, Ruu is the auto-correlation function (covariance matrix) of array received signal,
σs=E [s (t)2]
σn=E [n (t)2]
Specifically, scheduled level angle coarse granule is determined according to the antenna number of circular antenna array by following formula
Degree and vertical angle coarse-grain:
Part1=360 °/N
Part2=180 °/N
Wherein, part1 is scheduled level angle coarse-grain, and part2 is scheduled vertical angle coarse-grain, and N is
The antenna number of circular antenna array.
Specifically, distinguish not within the scope of 360 ° according to scheduled level angle coarse-grain and vertical angle coarse-grain
Disconnected adjustment initial level angle and initial perpendicular angle, are implemented as follows:
Initial level angle remains unchanged in horizontal dimensions, according to scheduled vertical angle coarse-grain to initial perpendicular
Angle successively adds up in the vertical dimension, completes 360 ° of scannings；
Initial level angle is accumulated once according to scheduled vertical angle coarse-grain, the level angle after accumulating once
Remained unchanged in horizontal dimensions, according to scheduled vertical angle coarse-grain to initial perpendicular angle in the vertical dimension successively
It is cumulative, complete 360 ° of scannings；
Until 360 ° of cumulative completion to initial level angle scannings, multiple groups initial level angle adjusted and just is obtained
Beginning vertical angle.
Multiple groups initial level angle adjusted and initial perpendicular angle are substituted into formula respectivelyIn, it obtainsThen θ1For thick level angle,For thick vertical angle.
In more detail, θ successively adds up according to the angle of part1=360/N from [- 180 °, 180 °],According to part2=
180 degree/N angle successively adds up from [- 180 °, 180 °], realizes the large scale full angle scanning of horizontal dimensions and vertical dimensions.
For example, work as N=8, and when initial level angle is 0 ° and initial perpendicular angle is 0 °, coarse scanning process are as follows: keep the initial water straight angle
Degree is 0 °, adjustment initial perpendicular angle is respectively 0 °, -22.5 °, -45 °, -67.5 °, -90 °, -112.5 °, -135 °, -
157.5°,-180°,22.5°,45°,67.5°,90°,112.5°,135°,157.5°,180°；Adjusting initial level angle is
45 °, adjustment initial perpendicular angle is respectively 0 °, -22.5 °, -45 °, -67.5 °, -90 °, -112.5 °, -135 °, -157.5 °, -
180°,22.5°,45°,67.5°,90°,112.5°,135°,157.5°,180°；And so on, adjust separately the initial water straight angle
Degree is 90 °, 135 °, 180 °, -45 °, -90 °, -135 °, -180 °, and is obtained under different initial level angles adjusted, adjustment
Initial perpendicular angle.
S3 distinguishes in predetermined small angle range according to scheduled level angle essence granularity and vertical angle essence granularity
Thick level angle and thick vertical angle are constantly adjusted, is scanned with carrying out low-angle high-precision to 3D-MIMO system, after adjustment
Thick level angle and thick vertical angle obtain received signal power, predetermined small angle range it is inscribed collect mail it is number prominent
As smart level angle and smart vertical angle, wherein according to predetermined angular range determine scheduled level angle essence granularity and
Vertical angle essence granularity；
Specifically, scheduled level angle essence granularity and vertical angle essence granularity are determined according to predetermined angular range,
It is implemented as follows:
Determine that horizontal predetermined angular range is [θ1- △ θ, θ1+ △ θ], wherein θ1For thick level angle, △ θ is thick horizontal
Angular error；Vertically predetermined angular range isWherein,For thick vertical angle,It is thick
Vertical angle error；
Scheduled level angle essence granularity is 2 △ θ/n1, wherein △ θ is thick level angle error, n1For thick horizontal angle
Degree adjustment number；Scheduled vertical angle essence granularity isWherein,For thick vertical angle error, n2It is thick
Vertical angle adjusts number.
Specifically, according to scheduled level angle essence granularity and vertical angle essence granularity in predetermined small angle range
Thick level angle and thick vertical angle are constantly adjusted respectively, are implemented as follows:
Thick level angle remains unchanged in horizontal dimensions, withFor unit to thick vertical angle in vertical dimension
It successively adds up on degree, it is complete to be angledScanning；
Thick level angle accumulates once 2 △ θ/n1, the level angle after accumulating once remains unchanged in horizontal dimensions, withIt successively adds up in the vertical dimension for unit to thick vertical angle, it is complete to be angledScanning；
Until 360 ° of cumulative completion to thick level angle scannings, multiple groups thick level angle adjusted and thick vertical is obtained
Angle.
For example, when △ θ is 3 °, n1When being 10 times, scheduled level angle essence granularity is 0.6 °；WhenIt is 3 °, n2For
At 10 times, scheduled vertical angle essence granularity is 0.6 °.
Multiple groups thick level angle adjusted and thick vertical angle are substituted into formula respectivelyIn, it obtainsThen θ2For smart level angle,For smart vertical angle.
S4 obtains the wave beam forming factor according to smart level angle and smart vertical angle, to complete the wave beam of 3D-MIMO system
Figuration.
Specifically, the wave beam forming factor is obtained according to smart level angle and smart vertical angle by following formula:
Wherein, w (θ, φ) is the wave beam forming factor, and R is circular antenna array radius, θ2For smart level angle,For essence
Vertical angle, n are antenna number, and N is the antenna sum of circular antenna array, and λ is the wavelength for receiving signal.
The beam form-endowing method of 3D-MIMO system of the invention realizes level 360 using the circular antenna array of 3D-MIMO
Degree and 360 degree of pitching three-dimensional fast beam scannings, can adapt to the communicating requirement of 360 degree of unmanned plane of entire spherical surface, for example,
The present invention proposes the angle scanning of the three-dimensional perspective based on 3D-MIMO, and substantially exactly two, which recirculate, is scanned, horizontal first
Dimensional searches, level angle is mobile primary, and vertical direction completes a complete scan, and level angle is mobile primary again, vertical angle
Degree carries out a complete scan again, has carried out level in this way, and vertical each 360 degree scan without dead angle, is suitble to fast move object in the air
The wave beam forming of body, such as UAV Communication difference and 4G/5G base station communication, there is certain directionality and sector property.
To receiving, signal incident angle carries out coarse scanning to the beam form-endowing method of 3D-MIMO system of the invention and essence scans
The reception signal incident angle of two-stage scan, acquisition is more accurate.
The beam form-endowing method of 3D-MIMO system of the invention is respectively to the horizontal sweep granularity of two-stage scan and vertical
Scanning particle degree is refined, and can reduce the workload of beam scanning, while improving the speed of beam scanning, is greatly saved
The time of beam scanning.For example, in the prior art, if horizontal and pitching is once to scan all in accordance with 360 degree of granularities, needing
Want NALL=360*360=129600 scanning times.Using the present invention, such as 8 antennas, then coarse scanning 8*16 times is accurately swept
Retouch: 10*10, in total it is only necessary to NTWO=228 scanning, wave beam is greatly saved in 1/500th only scanned completely
The time of scanning, so that the angle scanning of 2D-MIMO becomes the scheme that product may be implemented.
For embodiment of the method, for simple description, therefore, it is stated as a series of action combinations, but this field
Technical staff should be aware of, and embodiment of that present invention are not limited by the describe sequence of actions, because implementing according to the present invention
Example, some steps may be performed in other sequences or simultaneously.Secondly, those skilled in the art should also know that, specification
Described in embodiment belong to preferred embodiment, the actions involved are not necessarily necessary for embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the beam form-endowing method specific implementation flow chart of 3D-MIMO system of the invention, of the invention referring to Fig. 3
Method specific implementation flow includes: that unmanned plane receives up channel data u (t)=a (t) * s (t)；According to the signal composition received
Autocorrelation matrix Ruu, Ruu are the auto-correlation functions (covariance matrix) of array received signal；According to the antenna number of circular array
N is measured, the level angle granularity and vertical angle granularity of first order coarse scanning is determined, starts comprehensive the first of 3D-MIMO
Grade scanning；According to the following formulaBulky grain degree constantly adjust level angle and
Vertical angle finds maximum power value, and the corresponding angle of maximum power value is exactly the substantially arrival bearing of the other user, i.e., thick water
Straight angle degree and thick vertical angle；The thick level angle and thick vertical angle found is scanned according to the first order, it is attached in the two angles
The nearly second level high-precision that carries out scans, and finds maximum power value, and the corresponding angle of maximum power value is exactly the accurate angle found,
The namely accurate direction of user's incoming wave finds angle by two-stage, the arrival bearing of user can be quickly positioned, thus fastly
The scanning of the completion 3D-MIMO signal angle of speed, thus finally determine the weighted factor of user, it can be quick by the method
The wave beam forming and direction for completing unmanned plane determine.
Fig. 4 is the beam-forming system block diagram of 3D-MIMO system of the invention, referring to fig. 4,3D- provided by the invention
The beam size enlargement apparatus of mimo system, comprising:
Signal processing module is received, for the autocorrelation matrix for receiving signal acquisition and receiving signal according to more antennas；
Signal incident angle coarse scanning module is received, for thick according to scheduled level angle coarse-grain and vertical angle
Granularity constantly adjusts initial level angle and initial perpendicular angle respectively within the scope of 360 °, to carry out to 3D-MIMO system
Comprehensive coarse scanning obtains received signal power according to initial level angle adjusted and initial perpendicular angle, receives signal
It is prominent to be used as thick level angle and thick vertical angle, wherein to be determined according to the antenna number of circular antenna array predetermined
Level angle coarse-grain and vertical angle coarse-grain；
Signal incident angle essence scan module is received, for according to scheduled level angle essence granularity and vertical angle essence
Granularity constantly adjusts thick level angle and thick vertical angle respectively in predetermined small angle range, with to 3D-MIMO system into
Row low-angle high-precision scans, and received signal power is obtained according to thick level angle adjusted and thick vertical angle, predetermined
The inscribed collection of letters number of small angle range is prominent as smart level angle and smart vertical angle, wherein according to predetermined angular model
It encloses and determines scheduled level angle essence granularity and vertical angle essence granularity；
Wave beam forming module, for obtaining the wave beam forming factor according to smart level angle and smart vertical angle, to complete 3D-
The wave beam forming of mimo system.
For device embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, related so being described relatively simple
Place illustrates referring to the part of embodiment of the method.
The beam size enlargement apparatus of 3D-MIMO system of the invention realizes level 360 using the circular antenna array of 3D-MIMO
Degree and 360 degree of pitching three-dimensional fast beam scannings, can adapt to the communicating requirement of 360 degree of unmanned plane of entire spherical surface, for example,
The present invention proposes the angle scanning of the three-dimensional perspective based on 3D-MIMO, and substantially exactly two, which recirculate, is scanned, horizontal first
Dimensional searches, level angle is mobile primary, and vertical direction completes a complete scan, and level angle is mobile primary again, vertical angle
Degree carries out a complete scan again, has carried out level in this way, and vertical each 360 degree scan without dead angle, is suitble to fast move object in the air
The wave beam forming of body, such as UAV Communication difference and 4G/5G base station communication, there is certain directionality and sector property.
Further, in receiving signal incident angle coarse scanning module, by following formula according to circular antenna array
Antenna number determine scheduled level angle coarse-grain and vertical angle coarse-grain:
Part1=360 °/N
Part2=180 °/N
Wherein, part1 is scheduled level angle coarse-grain, and part2 is scheduled vertical angle coarse-grain, and N is
The antenna number of circular antenna array.
The present invention simulates two-stage 3D-NINO beam scanning:
Emulate θ in 8 antenna circular array2=30 °,When wave beam, referring to Fig. 5, actually reflecting due to quadrant
It penetrates, the signal in 4 directions can be come out, the wave beam forming factor is same, at this point, in the known wave beam DOA figure, X 31, Y
For 60, Z 7.993.Wherein, horizontal direction beam scanning figure when horizontal direction is 60 ° is as shown in fig. 6, vertical direction is 30 °
When vertical direction beam scanning figure it is as shown in Figure 7.
Coarse scanning: the 3D-MIMO beam scanning figure that 8 antenna circular array are carried out with 30 ° of granularity coarse scannings is emulated, as a result
As shown in figure 8, by means of the present invention and in the DOA figure of wave beam that obtains of device, X 30, Y 60, Z 7.488, and
Know wave beam relatively.Wherein, horizontal direction is with 30 ° of granularity coarse scanning schematic diagrames as shown in figure 9, vertical direction is with 30 °
Granularity coarse scanning schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 10.
Essence scanning: the 3D-MIMO beam scanning figure that 8 antenna circular array are carried out with the scanning of 3 ° of granularity essences is emulated, as a result
As shown in figure 11.Wherein, horizontal direction is as shown in figure 12 with 3 ° of granularity coarse scanning schematic diagrames, and vertical direction is thick with 3 ° of granularities
It is as shown in figure 13 to scan schematic diagram.
In actual test angle, there is a certain error for meeting, and within 3 degree, the loss of signal is small for general angular error control
In 0.3dB.This is because antenna amount is few, angle is not that very sharply, the certain angle of difference influences performance smaller.So this
When beamforming algorithm it is smaller by influence of noise.Wave beam comparison diagram when the present invention simulates 3 degree of angular error, referring to Figure 14
And Figure 15, both direction figure are almost overlapped.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although with reference to the foregoing embodiments
Invention is explained in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still can be to aforementioned each implementation
Technical solution documented by example is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；And these modification or
Replacement, the spirit and scope for technical solution of various embodiments of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of beam form-endowing method of 3D-MIMO system, which is characterized in that be used for circular antenna array, comprising the following steps:
According to the autocorrelation matrix for receiving signal acquisition and receiving signal of more antennas；
According to scheduled level angle coarse-grain and vertical angle coarse-grain, constantly adjustment is initial respectively within the scope of 360 °
Level angle and initial perpendicular angle, to carry out comprehensive coarse scanning to 3D-MIMO system, according to the initial water straight angle adjusted
Degree and initial perpendicular angle obtain received signal power, and received signal power is maximum to be used as thick level angle and thick vertical angle
Degree, wherein scheduled level angle coarse-grain and vertical angle coarse granule are determined according to the antenna number of circular antenna array
Degree；
It is constantly adjusted respectively in predetermined small angle range according to scheduled level angle essence granularity and vertical angle essence granularity
Whole thick level angle and thick vertical angle are scanned with carrying out low-angle high-precision to 3D-MIMO system, according to thick water adjusted
Straight angle degree and thick vertical angle obtain received signal power, prominent as essence in the inscribed collection of letters number of predetermined small angle range
Level angle and smart vertical angle, wherein scheduled level angle essence granularity and vertical angle are determined according to predetermined angular range
Spend smart granularity；
The wave beam forming factor is obtained according to smart level angle and smart vertical angle, to complete the wave beam forming of 3D-MIMO system.
2. the beam form-endowing method of 3D-MIMO system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that pass through following formula root
Scheduled level angle coarse-grain and vertical angle coarse-grain are determined according to the antenna number of circular antenna array:
Part1=360 °/N
Part2=180 °/N
Wherein, part1 is scheduled level angle coarse-grain, and part2 is scheduled vertical angle coarse-grain, and N is circle
The antenna number of aerial array.
3. the beam form-endowing method of 3D-MIMO system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that according to scheduled level
Angle coarse-grain and vertical angle coarse-grain constantly adjust initial level angle and initial perpendicular respectively within the scope of 360 °
Angle is implemented as follows:
Initial level angle remains unchanged in horizontal dimensions, according to scheduled vertical angle coarse-grain to initial perpendicular angle
It successively adds up in the vertical dimension, completes 360 ° of scannings；
Initial level angle is accumulated once according to scheduled vertical angle coarse-grain, the level angle after accumulating once is in water
It remains unchanged in flat dimension, initial perpendicular angle is successively tired out in the vertical dimension according to scheduled vertical angle coarse-grain
Add, completes 360 ° of scannings；
Until 360 ° of the cumulative completion scannings to initial level angle, obtains multiple groups initial level angle adjusted and initially hang down
Squareness.
4. the beam form-endowing method of 3D-MIMO system according to claim 3, which is characterized in that according to predetermined angular model
It encloses and determines scheduled level angle essence granularity and vertical angle essence granularity, be implemented as follows:
Determine that horizontal predetermined angular range is [θ1- △ θ, θ1+ △ θ], wherein θ1For thick level angle, △ θ is thick level angle
Error；Vertically predetermined angular range isWherein,For thick vertical angle,Slightly to hang down
Squareness error；
Scheduled level angle essence granularity is 2 △ θ/n1, wherein △ θ is thick level angle error, n1For thick level angle tune
Whole number；Scheduled vertical angle essence granularity isWherein,For thick vertical angle error, n2It is thick vertical
Angle adjusts number.
5. the beam form-endowing method of 3D-MIMO system according to claim 4, which is characterized in that according to scheduled level
Angle essence granularity and vertical angle essence granularity constantly adjust thick level angle respectively in predetermined small angle range and slightly hang down
Squareness is implemented as follows:
Thick level angle remains unchanged in horizontal dimensions, withFor unit to thick vertical angle in the vertical dimension according to
It is secondary cumulative, it is complete to be angledScanning；
Thick level angle accumulates once 2 △ θ/n1, the level angle after accumulating once remains unchanged in horizontal dimensions, withIt successively adds up in the vertical dimension for unit to thick vertical angle, it is complete to be angledScanning；
Until 360 ° of the cumulative completion scannings to thick level angle, multiple groups thick level angle adjusted and thick vertical angle are obtained
Degree.
6. the beam form-endowing method of 3D-MIMO system according to claim 5, which is characterized in that pass through following formula root
According to the autocorrelation matrix for receiving signal acquisition and receiving signal of more antennas:
Ruu=E [U (t) * UH(t)]
Wherein, RuuFor auto-correlation function, E [] is autocorrelation matrix desired value, and U (t) is receipt signal matrix, UHIt (t) is to connect
Receive the conjugate matrices of signal matrix.
7. the beam form-endowing method of 3D-MIMO system according to claim 6, which is characterized in that obtained by following formula
Take received signal power:
Wherein, Pcbf(θ, φ) is received signal power,For weighting coefficient, RuuFor auto-correlation function,To add
The conjugation of weight coefficient.
8. the beam form-endowing method of 3D-MIMO system according to claim 7, which is characterized in that pass through following formula root
The wave beam forming factor is obtained according to smart level angle and smart vertical angle:
Wherein, w (θ, φ) is the wave beam forming factor, and R is circular antenna array radius, and θ is the level angle for receiving signal,For
The vertical angle of signal is received, n is antenna number, and N is the antenna sum of circular antenna array, and λ is the wavelength for receiving signal.
9. a kind of beam size enlargement apparatus of 3D-MIMO system characterized by comprising
Signal processing module is received, for the autocorrelation matrix for receiving signal acquisition and receiving signal according to more antennas；
Signal incident angle coarse scanning module is received, for according to scheduled level angle coarse-grain and vertical angle coarse granule
Degree constantly adjusts initial level angle and initial perpendicular angle respectively within the scope of 360 °, to carry out full side to 3D-MIMO system
Position coarse scanning obtains received signal power, received signal power according to initial level angle adjusted and initial perpendicular angle
It is maximum to be used as thick level angle and thick vertical angle, wherein scheduled water is determined according to the antenna number of circular antenna array
Straight angle degree coarse-grain and vertical angle coarse-grain；
Signal incident angle essence scan module is received, for according to scheduled level angle essence granularity and vertical angle essence particle
Degree constantly adjusts thick level angle and thick vertical angle respectively in predetermined small angle range, small to carry out to 3D-MIMO system
Angle high-precision scanning obtains received signal power according to thick level angle adjusted and thick vertical angle, is making a reservation for small angle
It is prominent as smart level angle and smart vertical angle to spend the inscribed collection of letters number of range, wherein true according to predetermined angular range
Fixed scheduled level angle essence granularity and vertical angle essence granularity；
Wave beam forming module, for obtaining the wave beam forming factor according to smart level angle and smart vertical angle, to complete 3D-MIMO
The wave beam forming of system.
10. the beam size enlargement apparatus of 3D-MIMO system according to claim 9, which is characterized in that incident receiving signal
In angle coarse scanning module, scheduled level angle thick is determined according to the antenna number of circular antenna array by following formula
Granularity and vertical angle coarse-grain:
Part1=360 °/N
Part2=180 °/N
Wherein, part1 is scheduled level angle coarse-grain, and part2 is scheduled vertical angle coarse-grain, and N is circle
The antenna number of aerial array.
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