CN110148820B - Small coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on step impedance cake loading - Google Patents
Small coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on step impedance cake loading Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/207—Hollow waveguide filters
Abstract
The invention discloses a miniaturized coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on step impedance cake loading, which comprises the following components: the device comprises a cavity, an input port, an output port, an input end L-shaped feeder, an output end L-shaped feeder, a step impedance coaxial inner conductor and a loading cake sheet. By the step impedance cake loading technology, the wide bandwidth of the coaxial resonant cavity is realized, and meanwhile, the technical defect that the size of the existing cavity multimode filter is overlarge is overcome. The coaxial three-mode broadband filter based on the step impedance cake loading technology has the advantages of compact structure, small volume, low cost, high Q value and high power capacity. The filter can meet the design requirements of small size, high selectivity and wide passband bandwidth, and can be applied to microwave electronic systems such as base stations, radars, remote sensing and the like in mobile communication.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwaves, in particular to a miniaturized coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on step impedance cake loading.
Background
Microwave filters are one of the most important devices in the current rf microwave integrated circuits. The cavity filter has the characteristics of high power capacity, high quality factor, high stability, low loss, good temperature characteristics and the like, and is therefore often used in electronic equipment such as communication base stations, aviation, aerospace, radars, electronic countermeasure, broadcast television and the like. Meanwhile, as a certain inverse proportion relation exists between the size of the resonator of the filter and the working frequency, the size of the filter is larger when the frequency is lower, which restricts the application of the cavity filter, so that the miniaturization design of the filter on the basis of improving the performance becomes a main challenge for researchers of the microwave filter. The greatest disadvantage of cavity filters is that the volume and processing costs are much greater than for other forms of filters. The cavity multimode filter is a miniaturized cavity filter, in the cavity multimode filter, one cavity can realize the filtering effect which can only be realized by a plurality of single-cavity single-mode resonators, so that the size of the whole filter is reduced, and the small size and low cost of the cavity filter are realized. In order to reduce the size of the filter and reduce the processing cost, the research of cavity multimode filters is gradually becoming a research hotspot at home and abroad.
It is investigated and understood that the disclosed cavity multimode filter is as follows:
the first method is as follows: the separation of degenerate modes is achieved by means of a dielectric resonator shift.
Wang Shiwei, university of south-earth in 2015, teaches a three-mode/four-mode wideband filter employing metal cylinder perturbation bias with 3 modes in the three-mode cylinder cavity: e (E) TE+ Mould E TE- Die sum E TM A die, wherein E TM The resonant frequency of the mode is controlled by the height of the metal cylinder perturbation, E TE- Die sum E TM The mode is controlled by the offset of the metal cylinder perturbation. The three-mode broadband filter has an FBW of 30% and the first harmonic appears at 5GHz, so that the stopband characteristic is poor and the bandwidth is still to be widened. On the basis, a related art is disclosed in an issued patent of patent application No. ZL 201410171537.4, which is a wideband filter using a single-cavity three-cavity resonator, but the filter disclosed in the patent uses a straight metal feeder to feed, and three modes are separated by a method of shifting the resonator, which results in a too large size and poor stop band characteristics.
However, in the current research of the cavity multimode filter, the size problem is still a critical problem to be solved urgently, and the large size will affect the application of the cavity multimode filter.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a miniaturized coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on step impedance cake loading, which realizes the three-mode broadband passband characteristic and simultaneously realizes miniaturization, wide stopband and higher passband selectivity.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is to construct a miniaturized coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on step impedance cake loading, which comprises the following components: the miniaturized coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on the step impedance cake loading is symmetrical about a symmetrical plane A-A'; the input end L-shaped feeder line is connected with the signal line of the input port; the L-shaped feeder line of the output end is connected with the signal line of the output port; the lower end of the step impedance coaxial inner conductor is vertically connected with the center of the lower round bottom of the cylindrical cavity, and the loading cake sheet is loaded at the center position of the step impedance coaxial inner conductor with alternating thickness; TM (TM) 01 The resonant frequency of the mode is determined by the size of the step impedance coaxial inner conductor and the size of the loading cake sheet; the diameter of the cylindrical cavity, the lengths of the input end L-shaped feeder line and the output end L-shaped feeder line affect the resonance frequencies of TE+ mode and TE-mode together.
In the miniaturized coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on step impedance cake loading, the step impedance coaxial inner conductor is a step impedance cylinder with the upper part thick and the lower part thin, and the height of the thick cylinder part is half of that of the thin cylinder part; the lower end of the thin cylindrical portion is short-circuited to ground, and the upper end of the thick cylindrical portion is open-circuited.
In the miniaturized coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on step impedance cake loading, the loading cake loading position is the three-point position of the step impedance cylinder.
In the miniaturized coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on step impedance cake loading, the width of the cylindrical cavity directly determines the resonance frequency of a TE+ mode and a TE-mode which are pair of degenerate modes, the input end L-shaped feeder line and the output end L-shaped feeder line are equal in length and symmetrical, and the lengths of the input end L-shaped feeder line and the output end L-shaped feeder line further influence the resonance frequencies of the TE+ mode and the TE-mode; the heights of the input end L-shaped feeder line and the output end L-shaped feeder line are equal to each other, and the heights of the input end L-shaped feeder line and the output end L-shaped feeder line control the separation of TE+ modes and TE-modes.
In the miniaturized coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on step impedance cake loading, the gaps between the input end L-shaped feeder line and the output end L-shaped feeder line and the step impedance coaxial inner conductor determine the coupling strength of feeding to 3 modes.
In the miniaturized coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on step impedance cake loading, source load coupling exists between the input end L-shaped feeder line and the output end L-shaped feeder line, and the source load coupling generates and controls transmission zero points on two sides of a passband.
In the miniaturized coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on step impedance cake loading, the height of the cylindrical cavity is higher than that of the step impedance coaxial inner conductor.
In the miniaturized coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on step impedance cake loading, the L-shaped feeder line at the input end is connected with the signal line of the input port through welding; the L-shaped feeder line at the output end is connected with the signal line of the output port through welding.
In the miniaturized coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on step impedance cake loading, the lower end of the step impedance coaxial inner conductor is vertically connected with the lower round bottom center of the cylindrical cavity through welding.
The miniaturized coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on step impedance cake loading realizes miniaturization, wide stop band and higher passband selectivity while realizing three-mode broadband passband characteristics, has the characteristics of low dispersion, simple design and processing and the like, can meet the design requirements of a small-sized broadband communication system, and can be applied to microwave electronic systems such as mobile communication, radars, satellites and the like.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a 3-dimensional view of a structure of a miniaturized coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on stepped impedance patch loading in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 2 is a top view of a structure of a miniaturized coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on step impedance wafer loading according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the structure of a miniaturized coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on stepped impedance patch loading in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 (a) is a TM 01 A mode magnetic field map;
FIG. 4 (b) is a TE-mode electric field diagram;
FIG. 4 (c) is a TE+ mode electric field diagram;
FIG. 5 (a) is a graph of resonant frequency variation of three resonant modes as a function of the radius r of the loaded wafer;
FIG. 5 (b) is a graph of the wideband filter frequency response as a function of the loaded wafer radius r;
fig. 6 is a diagram of a transmission response simulation result of a filter according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
1. Three-mode implementation principle.
The structure diagram of the miniaturized coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on step impedance cake loading is shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3. FIG. 4 is a graph showing electromagnetic field distribution of the three resonant modes, wherein FIGS. 4 (a), 4 (b) and 4 (c) show the TM in the coaxial cavity, respectively 01 Mode magnetic field pattern, TE+ mode electric field pattern and TE-mode electric field pattern, A-A' represent symmetry planes, wherein TM 01 The mode is the resonance mode inherent to the coaxial resonator, while the TE+ mode and TE-mode are a pair of degenerate modes whose resonance frequency is determined by the cavity radius, and the separation of the pair of degenerate modes can be controlled by the height of the L-shaped feed line.
2. Principle of wide passband implementation
The wide passband is achieved by controlling the TM 01 The resonant frequencies of the mode, the TE+ mode and the TE-mode are adjusted to be within the same wide passband, and then the 3 modes are strongly coupled by adjusting the height of the feeder line and the clearance between the coaxial inner conductors, so that stable wide passband is realized.
3. Principle of miniaturization
The miniaturization of the cavity three-mode broadband filter is realized through the step impedance cake loading technology, and the TM can be realized through the step impedance structure of the high-impedance short circuit grounding low-impedance open circuit 01 The die moves towards low frequency, and at the same time, the size of the wafer only affects the basic die TM because the loading point of the wafer is at the three-point position of the open end of the coaxial inner conductor 01 Without affecting the resonant frequency of the first harmonic, so that TM can be further made by increasing the size of the wafer 01 The mode moves to a low frequency. The radius r of the loaded wafer as a function of resonant frequency is shown in FIG. 5 (a), and the broadband filter frequency response as a function of radius r of the loaded wafer is shown in FIG. 5 (b), wherein the change in frequency is due to TM 01 The mode moves to low frequencies so that the entire passband moves to low frequencies, while the spurious passband generated by the TM higher harmonics also moves to low frequencies.
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and solve the key problems in the research of the cavity three-mode broadband filter: the technical defect that the size of the existing cavity multimode filter is overlarge is overcome while the wide bandwidth of the coaxial resonant cavity is realized. The coaxial three-mode broadband filter based on the step impedance cake loading technology has the advantages of compact structure, small volume, low cost, high Q value and high power capacity. In addition, the defects and shortcomings of low selectivity, complex processing and the like in the prior art are overcome, and the coaxial single-cavity three-mode broadband filter has the characteristics of miniaturization, high selectivity, low dispersion, simplicity in design and processing and the like. The filter can meet the design requirements of small size, high selectivity and wide passband bandwidth, and can be applied to microwave electronic systems such as base stations, radars, remote sensing and the like in mobile communication. The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments, it being understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the invention.
For clarity of description of the present invention, fig. 1, 2 and 3 are three-dimensional view, top view and side view, respectively, of the present invention, a miniaturized coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on stepped impedance patch loading, comprising: the coaxial feed line comprises a cavity 1, an input port 2, an output port 3, an input end L-shaped feed line 4, an output end L-shaped feed line 5, a step impedance coaxial inner conductor 6 and a loading cake sheet 7.
The cavity 1 is a hollow cylindrical cavity, the height of the cavity is larger than that of the coaxial inner conductor 6 with step impedance, the diameter of the cavity determines the resonant frequency of a pair of TE degenerate modes, the input port 2 and the output port 3 are orthogonally fixed on the outer wall of the cavity with a certain height through 4 screws around an SMA joint, and the height controls the separation of the pair of TE degenerate modes; the step impedance coaxial inner conductor 6 is a solid cylinder with step impedance, the height of which is half that of the thin cylinder, the lower end of the solid cylinder is vertically connected with the center of the lower round bottom of the cylindrical cavity by welding, and the loading cake sheet 7 is loaded at the center position of the step impedance coaxial inner conductor, wherein the thickness of the solid cylinder is alternate; TM (TM) 01 The resonant frequency of the mode is determined by the size of the step impedance coaxial inner conductor 6 and the size of the loading wafer 7; the diameter of the cavity 1 and the length of the input end L-shaped feed line 4 and the output end L-shaped feed line 5 together control the resonant frequencies of te+ and TE-modes.
Further, the lower end of the thin cylinder (high impedance) of the coaxial inner conductor 6 with step impedance is short-circuited to ground, and the upper end of the thick cylinder (low impedance) is open-circuited, and the impedance ratio of the step impedance structure controls the third-order mode resonant frequency and TM of the coaxial cavity 01 Ratio of mode resonance frequencies, under the condition of widening stop band, initially determining TM 01 Mode resonant frequency.
Further, since the thick cylindrical body of the step-impedance coaxial inner conductor is half the thin cylindrical body, and the loading cake 7 is loaded at the center position of the alternating thickness of the step-impedance coaxial inner conductor, the loading cake loading position is a three-point position, and the loading point is such that TM 01 The resonant frequency of the mode moves toward lower frequency while the resonant frequency of the first harmonic is unchanged, and the radius of the loaded wafer is plotted against the resonant frequency as shown in FIG. 5 (a), TM as the radius of the loaded wafer increases 01 The resonant frequency of the mode moves toward low frequency while the resonant frequencies of the other resonant modes are almost unchanged. While figure 5 (b) further verifies that the radius of the loaded wafer affects only one mode in-band. Thus the TM can be further reduced by controlling the size of the loaded wafer 01 The mode resonance frequency achieves miniaturization of the filter.
Further, the gap between the input end L-shaped feeder 4 and the output end L-shaped feeder 5 and the stepped impedance coaxial inner conductor 6 determines the coupling strength of the feed to the 3 modes.
Further, the input end L-shaped feeder line and the output end L-shaped feeder line have source load coupling, and transmission zero points on two sides of a passband are generated and controlled by controlling the coupling.
According to the above embodiment, the cylindrical cavity in this example has a height of 17.2mm and a diameter of 34mm. The filter is made of metal, in this embodiment metallic aluminum, and silver plated on the surface to reduce losses. Simulation result diagrams of the miniaturized coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on step impedance cake loading are shown in fig. 6. The center frequency of the filter is 2.55GHz, the bandwidth is 1GHz, and S of the whole passband 11 The wave of the pass band is 0.005dB and has one transmission zero point (0.4 GHz), the lower stop band has two transmission zero points (4 GHz and 5.8 GHz), and the stop band range is 3.1GHz-6.1GHz.
The miniaturized coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on step impedance cake loading provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of very small size, wider broadband passband characteristic, good passband selectivity and good wide stopband characteristic, can meet the design requirements of a small-sized wide-frequency communication system, can be applied to microwave electronic systems such as mobile communication, radar, remote sensing and the like, and is worthy of popularization.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from its scope. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. Miniaturized coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on step impedance cake loading, which is characterized by comprising: the miniaturized coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on the step impedance cake loading is symmetrical about a symmetrical plane A-A'; the input end L-shaped feeder line is connected with the signal line of the input port; the L-shaped feeder line of the output end is connected with the signal line of the output port; the lower end of the step impedance coaxial inner conductor is vertically connected with the lower round bottom center of the cylindrical cavity; TM (TM) 01 The resonant frequency of the mode is determined by the size of the step impedance coaxial inner conductor and the size of the loading cake sheet; the diameter of the cylindrical cavity and the lengths of the input end L-shaped feeder line and the output end L-shaped feeder line jointly influence the resonance frequencies of TE+ mode and TE-mode; the step impedance coaxial inner conductor is a step impedance cylinder with a thick upper part and a thin lower part, and the height of the thick cylindrical part is half of that of the thin cylindrical part; the lower end of the thin cylindrical part is short-circuited to ground, and the upper end of the thick cylindrical part is open-circuited; the lower end of the step impedance coaxial inner conductor is vertically connected with the lower round bottom center of the cylindrical cavity through welding; the loading cake sheet is loaded at the joint of the thick cylindrical part and the thin cylindrical part.
2. The miniaturized coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on step impedance patch loading of claim 1, wherein the width of the cylindrical cavity directly determines the resonant frequencies of the pair of degenerate modes te+ mode and TE-mode, the input end L-shaped feeder line and the output end L-shaped feeder line are equally symmetrical, and the lengths of the input end L-shaped feeder line and the output end L-shaped feeder line further influence the resonant frequencies of te+ mode and TE-mode; the heights of the input end L-shaped feeder line and the output end L-shaped feeder line are equal to each other, and the heights of the input end L-shaped feeder line and the output end L-shaped feeder line control the separation of TE+ modes and TE-modes.
3. The miniaturized coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on stepped impedance patch loading of claim 1, wherein gaps between the input and output L-shaped feeds and the stepped impedance coaxial inner conductor determine coupling strengths fed to the 3 modes.
4. The miniaturized coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on stepped impedance patch loading of claim 1, wherein the input L-shaped feed line and the output L-shaped feed line have source load coupling that creates and controls transmission zeros on both sides of the passband.
5. The miniaturized coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on step-impedance patch loading of claim 1, wherein the cylindrical cavity height is higher than the height of the step-impedance coaxial inner conductor.
6. The miniaturized coaxial cavity three-mode broadband filter based on step impedance wafer loading of claim 1, wherein the input end L-shaped feeder line is connected with the signal line of the input port by welding; the L-shaped feeder line at the output end is connected with the signal line of the output port through welding.
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