CN110145301B - Method for correcting environment of logging tool by density imaging while drilling - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an environment correction method for a logging tool for density imaging while drilling, which comprises the following steps: 1) The graduations of the density imaging logging-while-drilling instrument are graded in gap regions according to a density compensation graduation method, each gap region is provided with an independent graduation curve, the borehole gap on one side of a gamma detector in the density imaging logging-while-drilling instrument is provided through an ultrasonic borehole diameter probe on the same side of the borehole gap, and a bin region to which the borehole gap belongs is judged; 2) In the area with smaller borehole gap, the influence of mud on the measurement is smaller, the borehole diameter weight factor of the detected apparent density value is larger, the reliability is higher, the longer the time that the logging-while-drilling density imaging logging-well instrument is in a certain gap area in one period T is, the larger the apparent density time weight of the logging-while-drilling density imaging logging-well instrument in the gap area is, and the reliability is higher; 3) In one period, the apparent density value of the density imaging logging-while-drilling instrument is obtained through borehole weighting and time weighting, the environment correction of the density imaging logging-while-drilling instrument is completed, and the method can eliminate the influence of disordered change of gaps and borehole size on a density logging curve.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas drilling, and relates to an environment correction method for a density imaging logging instrument while drilling.
Background
In the actual drilling well logging, a complex operation environment (rotation, well deviation, irregular well hole and the like) causes irregular change of the well hole clearance of the density-while-drilling imager, and the measurement precision of the density-while-drilling imager is very sensitive to the change of the well hole clearance; conventional compensated density corrections have made it difficult to meet increasingly complex real-world drilling environments. With the increasing demands on formation evaluation, the density logging while drilling tool will produce the best density profile with minimal (or no) clearance from the formation because the mud between the formation and the detector is minimized and the attenuation of gamma rays through the mud is minimized.
In actual drilling, the instrument rotates under extremely variable dynamic conditions, so that the density instrument jumps laterally from the well wall in a manner difficult to predict, and the disordered change of the gap has adverse effects on the accuracy of density measurement, which puts new requirements on the measurement technology of density logging while drilling. Therefore, a new LWD density logging method was developed with the goal of reducing or even eliminating this gap disorder variation and the effect of borehole size on the density log.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an environment correction method of a density imaging logging-while-drilling tool, which can eliminate the disordered change of gaps and the influence of borehole size on a density logging curve.
In order to achieve the purpose, the method for correcting the environment of the density imaging logging-while-drilling tool comprises the following steps:
1) The scale of the density imaging logging-while-drilling instrument is divided into interval areas according to a density compensation scale method, each interval area is provided with an independent scale curve, the borehole gap on one side of a gamma detector in the density imaging logging-while-drilling instrument is provided by an ultrasonic borehole diameter probe on the same side of the borehole gap, and a bin area to which the borehole gap belongs is judged;
2) Setting that in an area with a smaller borehole gap, the influence of mud on measurement is smaller, the borehole diameter weight factor of the detected apparent density value is larger, the reliability is higher, and the longer the time of the LWD logging instrument in a certain gap area in one period T is, the larger the apparent density time weight of the LWD logging instrument in the gap area is, and the reliability is higher;
3) And in a period, obtaining the apparent density value of the logging-while-drilling density imaging logging instrument through borehole weighting and time weighting, and finishing the environmental correction of the logging-while-drilling density imaging logging instrument.
The specific operation of the step 1) is as follows: the hole diameter weighting algorithm is based on the collection or surface element display of a clearance, a mud clearance is divided into five intervals of bin-1 to bin-5, each interval is 0.25in, when the mud clearance exceeds 1in, the ultrasonic hole diameter can not provide a reliable clearance value, when a density imaging logging instrument is drilled at the first level, the middle position of each bin interval is scaled, each bin interval is compensated by a near detector and a far detector, a correction value delta rho is added on the basis of the far density, wherein the delta rho is a density difference value measured by the far detector and the near detector, and a corrected density value when the clearance is small is obtained:
wherein N is SS 、N LS The count rates, rho, of the short-range and long-range detectors, respectively SS And rho LS Respectively obtaining a near source distance single source distance apparent density and a far source distance single source distance apparent density;
wherein bin-i is 1 to 5, rho LSbin-i 、ρ SSbin-i Far and near monosource apparent densities, rho, of bin-i region, respectively abin-i Compensation correction of the rearview density, Δ ρ, for bin-i region bin-i The bin-i density correction amount.
In step 2), acquiring a weighted algorithm analysis in a period T, rotating the logging-while-drilling density imaging logging instrument around a shaft, separating and storing compensation apparent density measured values with different bin regions into the bin regions, and acquiring time T of the logging-while-drilling density imaging logging instrument in the different bin regions in different acquisition periods i In contrast, the acquisition time t i The larger the density value is, the larger the weight of the density value is, the more credible the density value is, and the weight t of the acquisition time is introduced i T until the end of the acquisition cycle.
In step 3), the weighted apparent density value rho a Comprises the following steps:
wherein, t i Is the acquisition time of bin-i region in an acquisition period, T is the acquisition period, A bin-i Is the weighting coefficient of the second bin-i area;
in density imaging, the weighted apparent density value in the jth sector in one periodρ a-j Comprises the following steps:
the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the environment correction method of the density imaging logging-while-drilling instrument, during specific operation, the interval between mud is partitioned, each area is graduated, a part of mud is taken into consideration as the part of the density imaging logging-while-drilling instrument, then the result is weighted through the weighting factor of the interval between mud, then the time weighting factors of the density imaging logging-while-drilling instrument in different areas are weighted, and the apparent density value of a stratum with high credibility is obtained, so that the influence of disorder change of the interval and the size of a borehole on a density logging curve is eliminated. Through detection, the method is superior to a compensation density correction method, the measurement error of analog simulation is reduced by about 37.5%, and the measurement error distribution of a scale experiment is more concentrated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a hole diameter weighted correction design;
FIG. 2 is a density imaging azimuth and caliper projection plan;
FIG. 3a is an axial cross-sectional view of a density imaging logging while drilling tool;
FIG. 3b is a cross-sectional view of a density imaging logging while drilling tool in a lateral direction;
FIG. 4 is a Monte Carr simulation error distribution diagram of a density instrument using a conventional compensation algorithm;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of Monte Carlo simulation error statistics for a density instrument using a caliper weighting algorithm;
FIG. 6 is a Monte Carr simulation error distribution plot of the caliper weighting algorithm;
FIG. 7 is a plot of the scale error for the caliper weighting algorithm in the five bin regions;
FIG. 8 is a statistical schematic diagram of a scale error of a density instrument using a conventional compensated density algorithm;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a scale error statistic of a density instrument employing a caliper weighting algorithm;
fig. 10 is a calibration error distribution diagram of the borehole diameter weighting algorithm and the conventional compensation density algorithm during experimental verification.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings and implementation processes.
The logging instrument for density imaging while drilling comprises a double-source-distance chemical source compensation density, a three-probe ultrasonic well diameter and a two-axis fluxgate azimuth sensor, wherein a well diameter weighting algorithm collects or bin displays (binning) on the basis of gaps, as shown in fig. 1, mud gaps are divided into five intervals from bin-1 to bin-5, each interval is recommended to be 0.25in, when the mud gaps exceed 1in, the ultrasonic well diameter cannot provide a reliable gap value, when the instrument is calibrated at the first level, the middle position of each bin is calibrated, each interval is compensated by a near detector and a far detector, a correction value delta rho is added on the basis of far density, wherein the delta rho is a density difference value measured by the far detector and the near detector, and the corrected density value when the gaps are smaller can be obtained by adding the delta rho to the far density:
wherein N is SS And N LS The count rates, p, for short and long range detectors SS And ρ LS The apparent density of the short-source distance single source and the long-source distance single source.
Wherein bin-i is 1 to 5, rho LSbin-i And ρ SSbin-i Far single-source apparent density and near single-source apparent density, rho, of bin-i region abin-i Compensation correction of the rearview density, Δ ρ, for bin-i region bin-i Is the bin-i density correction amount.
No. 1 of three transducers of ultrasonic borehole diameter is positioned on the same line with a density near detector and a density far detector, and the clearance delta L and the clearance N of mud are measured simultaneously under the working state of the instrument LS 、N SS Wherein Δ L judges N according to the divided bin region LS 、N SS In bin-i region of compensation density algorithm, obtaining rho through formula 1 and formula 2 abin-i Theoretically, when i =1, ρ abin-i The value can reflect the real density of the stratum more accurately, when i is increased, rho abin-i Values are constantly deviating from the true density of the formation, and therefore, to reduce this effect on ρ abin-i With the caliper weighting algorithm, see table 1, bin weights decrease as bin zones increase, with specific weights derived largely from experience.
Density imaging azimuths are divided into 16 sectors as shown in FIG. 2, with a resolution of 22.5, and Table 1 shows the weighted algorithm analysis for one acquisition cycle T, with the instrument rotating around the wellbore, and the compensated apparent density measurements with different bin zones separated and stored in each bin zone; the time t of the instrument in different bin regions in different acquisition cycles i Different, t i Acquisition time of bin-i region, acquisition time t i The larger the weight of the density value, the more credible the density value, so the acquisition time weight t is introduced i and/T, the acquisition cycle is ended, and an acquisition time weighting method and a hole diameter weighting method are used for density correction of the whole cycle to ensure that statistical errors and clearance influence are reduced to the minimum degree.
TABLE 1
The one-cycle weight correction algorithm is shown in equation 3, where ρ a Apparent density value, t, after weighting algorithm i Is the acquisition time in bin-i region in an acquisition period, T is the acquisition period, A bin-i A weighting coefficient for the second bin-i region;
when the density is imaged, the correction algorithm in one period of the jth sector is shown as formula 4.
Example one
Modeling is carried out on the density compensation logging-while-drilling instrument of the CSCD2432 logging-while-drilling center of China Petroleum group logging Limited company based on the Monte Carlo method, referring to figure 3, modeling is carried out on the stratum according to nine density calibration wells of the calibration center of China Petroleum group logging Limited company, and delta rho and rho are calculated in a simulation mode Ls -ρ SS The relationship (D) is shown in FIG. 3, the right column format in FIG. 3 is x-j, and when x is a, b and c, respectively, the relationship (D) sequentially represents that the slurry is sequentially water (density is 1.0 g/cm) 3 ) Light mud (density 1.39 g/cm) 3 ) And heavy mud (density 2.435 g/cm) 3 ) J is 1 to 9 respectively and respectively represents 9 standard wells. Under the condition of each group of x-j, considering that the simulation must be close to the scale environment of an instrument experiment, the clearance of slurry is considered to be 0mm,5mm, 8230velocity, \8230and50 mm.
It can be seen that the mud density ρ is taken into account mud And mud clearance Δ L (or hole diameter), it is difficult to ensure formation density measurement accuracy using only conventional density compensation methods.
And (3) processing the simulation scale data by using a traditional double-source-distance compensation density algorithm, and obtaining the error statistical distribution of the traditional compensation density method by making a difference between the apparent density value obtained by back calculation and the true density value of the stratum, wherein the difference is shown in figure 5. Based on simulation data, dividing the delta L into 5 blocks, wherein the length of each block is 5mm, processing the simulation data by adopting a borehole diameter weighting algorithm, and fitting according to a formula 1 to obtain a single-source-distance apparent density formula with long and short source distances:
respectively fitting 5 Bin regions to establish delta rho and (rho) LS -ρ SS ) Functional relationship of (a):
Δρ bin-i ＝C bin-i +B bin-i *(ρ LS -ρ SS )+A bin-i *(ρ LS -ρ SS ) 2 (6)
apparent density ρ abin-i Can be expressed as:
ρ abin-i ＝ρ LS +Δρ bin-i ＝C bin-i +B bin-i *(ρ LS -ρ SS )＝C bin-i +B bin-i *(ρ LS -ρ SS )+A bin-i *(ρ LS -ρ SS ) 2 (7)
TABLE 2
Table 2 is a coefficient table of 5 bin zone formula 7, the apparent density value calculated by the table 2 is different from the true density value of the stratum to obtain the simulated measurement error for statistical distribution, and the comparison of the figure 5 and the figure 6 shows that the error statistical distribution of the two algorithms is normal distribution, and the error is 0g/cm 3 The degree of dispersion of fig. 6 is decreased from the center to both sides, and is less than that of fig. 5, which is expected; the maximum error of the traditional algorithm reaches-0.12 g/cm 3 And 0.08g/cm 3 And the maximum error of the adopted hole diameter weighting algorithm reaches-0.06 g/cm 3 And 0.05g/cm 3 (ii) a Considering the range of variation of drilling mud density (1.00 g/cm) in simulation 3 ～2.435g/cm 3 ) The density of the slurry in practical application rarely reaches 2.435g/cm 3 The maximum error at this time does not represent the error required by the real instrument. Based on the processing and analysis of the simulation data, the precision of the density instrument for measuring the formation density by adopting the hole diameter weighting algorithm is obviously superior to that of the traditional compensation density algorithm, and the measurement error of the instrument is reduced by about 37.5 percent by the hole diameter weighting algorithm. FIG. 7 shows the measurement error distribution of two algorithms at different annular space intervals under different formation densities, and the upper and lower red lines in FIG. 7 are the measurement error technical index requirements of the instrument (+/-0.025 g/cm) 3 ) (ii) a As can be seen from FIG. 7, the measurement error of the hole diameter weighting algorithm is obviously superior to that of the traditional compensation density algorithm, and the measurement error of the hole diameter weighting algorithm is in the formation densityThe degree is 2.703g/cm 3 In the following, the method is basically in the technical index range, and the time weighting method is adopted to further improve the accuracy of measuring the formation density on the basis.
The hole diameter weighting technology experiment verifies that the CSCD2432 compensated density logging-while-drilling instrument is used for carrying out experiments on nine density graduated wells in the graduation center of China Petroleum group logging Limited company, pushing force is added in the experiments for ensuring that the instrument is tightly attached to a well wall/mud cake for measurement, the well wall is sequentially attached to each well, and 4 light mud cakes (the density is 1.39 g/cm) 3 ) 4 heavy mud cakes (density 2.435 g/cm) 3 ) The thickness of the two mud cakes is measured to be 5mm, 10mm, 15mm and 20mm respectively.
And (3) respectively carrying out data processing on the experimental measurement data according to a traditional compensation density algorithm and a hole diameter weighting algorithm, processing to obtain coefficient values of a formula 3 shown in a table 3, and calculating to obtain a difference value between an apparent density value and a true density value of the stratum to obtain a simulated measurement error for statistical distribution, wherein the reference is made to fig. 8 and 9.
TABLE 3
Comparing fig. 8 and fig. 9, it can be seen that the error distributions of the experimental density measurement values are normal distributions, and the maximum errors of the two algorithms are-0.06 g/cm 3 And 0.04g/cm 3 The dispersion degree of the error statistical distribution of the hole diameter weighting algorithm is smaller than that of the traditional compensation density algorithm; as shown in FIG. 10, the measurement error is distributed when the formation density is less than 2.640g/cm 3 When the density is more than 2.640g/cm, the density basically meets the technical index of instrument measurement 3 The dispersion of the measurement error is enlarged. From the results of the above experimental measurements, the caliper weighting has certain advantages, and the bin partition-based acquisition time weighting technology has further space for improving the precision of the density measurement value, and the acquisition time weighting is only verified after drilling and in real drilling measurement.
Claims (1)
1. The method for correcting the environment of the logging tool for density imaging while drilling is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) The scale of the density imaging logging-while-drilling instrument is divided into interval areas according to a density compensation scale method, each interval area is provided with an independent scale curve, the borehole gap on one side of a gamma detector in the density imaging logging-while-drilling instrument is provided by an ultrasonic borehole diameter probe on the same side of the borehole gap, and a bin area to which the borehole gap belongs is judged;
2) For the region with smaller borehole gap, the influence of mud on the measurement is smaller, the borehole diameter weight factor of the detected apparent density value is larger, the reliability is higher, the more the time that the density-while-drilling imaging logging instrument is in a certain gap region in a period T is, the larger the apparent density time weight of the density-while-drilling imaging logging instrument in the gap region is, and the higher the reliability is;
3) In a period, obtaining an apparent density value of the density imaging logging instrument while drilling through hole diameter weighting and time weighting, and completing environment correction of the density imaging logging instrument while drilling;
the specific operation of the step 1) is as follows: adopting a hole diameter weighting algorithm, carrying out acquisition or surface element display on the basis of gaps, dividing a mud gap into five intervals of bin-1 to bin-5, wherein each interval is 0.25in, when the mud gap exceeds 1in, the ultrasonic hole diameter cannot provide a reliable gap value, when a density imaging logging-while-drilling logging instrument is subjected to primary scale division, carrying out scale division on the middle position of each bin interval, compensating each bin interval by using a near detector and a far detector, adding a correction value delta rho on the basis of far density obtained by the far detector, wherein the delta rho is a density difference value measured by the far detector and the near detector, and obtaining a corrected density value when the gap is small:
wherein, N SS 、N LS The count rates, rho, of the short-range and long-range detectors, respectively SS And ρ LS Respectively, a short-source-distance single-source distance apparent density and a long-source-distance single-source distance apparent density, A 1 、B 1 、A 2 And B 2 Is a coefficient obtained by linear fitting after calibration;
wherein bin-i is 1 to 5, rho LSbin-i 、ρ SSbin-i Far and near monosource apparent densities, rho, of bin-i region, respectively abin-i Compensation correction of the rearview density, Δ ρ, for bin-i region bin-i The bin-i region density correction value is obtained;
in step 2), collecting data in a period T, analyzing by using a time weighting algorithm, rotating the LWD logging tool around a shaft, separating detected apparent density values with different bin regions and storing the apparent density values in the bin regions, and collecting time T of the LWD logging tool in the different bin regions in different collection periods i Different, acquisition time t i The larger the weight of the density value is, the more credible the density value is, and the weight t of the acquisition time is introduced i T, until the acquisition cycle is finished;
in step 3), the weighted apparent density value rho a Comprises the following steps:
wherein, t i Is the acquisition time of bin-i region in an acquisition period, T is the acquisition period, A bin-i Is a weighting coefficient, p, of the second bin-i region abin-i Compensating and correcting the rearview density for the bin-i area;
in density imaging, the weighted apparent density value rho in the jth sector in one period a-j Comprises the following steps:
wherein, t i-j Is the acquisition time of the j-th sector in the bin-i region in one acquisition cycle, A bin-i-j Is the weighting coefficient, rho, of the jth sector in the second bin-i zone abin-i-j The back-view density is corrected for the compensation of the jth sector in bin-i zone.
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| CN110826249A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-02-21 | 核工业北京地质研究院 | Uranium ore comprehensive logging curve borehole environment correction method |
| CN112065377B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2023-10-24 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | Neutron data processing method and device while drilling |
| CN113356833B (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2023-07-18 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Borehole environment correction method for density logging |
| CN115016034B (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-11-25 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Calibration method of measurement while drilling device |
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