CN110143645A - A kind of solar energy optical-thermal distillation device - Google Patents
A kind of solar energy optical-thermal distillation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110143645A CN110143645A CN201910412866.6A CN201910412866A CN110143645A CN 110143645 A CN110143645 A CN 110143645A CN 201910412866 A CN201910412866 A CN 201910412866A CN 110143645 A CN110143645 A CN 110143645A
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- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical group [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019476 oil-water mixture Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010148 water-pollination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005520 electrodynamics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001579 optical reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/447—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by membrane distillation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of solar energy optical-thermal distillation devices, from left to right successively include to water cavity, vapor chamber, condensation water cavity；Free-standing photo-thermal evaporation material, several water vapour channels and hydrophobic membrane are from left to right successively arranged in the vapor chamber, the bottom of the stand alone type photo-thermal evaporation material is inserted into in water cavity；It is intracavitary that the water supply in water cavity enters condensed water after vapor chamber evaporates and to form steam.Solar energy optical-thermal distillation device provided by the invention has the characteristics that structure is simple, easily operated, avoid the membrane pollution problem as caused by directly contacting water supply and film, condensed water can efficiently be collected, it solves the problems, such as the light-blocking of condensed water and steam, improves the stability and the efficiency of solar energy utilization of photo-thermal membrane distillation system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of sea water desalting technology, in particular to a kind of solar energy optical-thermal distillation device.
Background technique
Along with climate change, population increases and economic development, and the shortage and pollution problem of freshwater resources have become increasingly
Seriously, become the global problem of a urgent need to resolve.As a kind of effective ways of production fresh water, membrane distillation causes recently
People greatly pay close attention to.Membrane distillation is to use dewatering microporous film using the steam pressure difference of film two sides as the new membrane of mass transfer driving force point
From process, with operation temperature lower (~70 DEG C), to the salinity relative insensitivity of water supply and can remove most non-
The advantages that volatile solutes.The features such as solar energy is that most wide, the maximum energy of reserves is distributed on the earth, sustainable, green because of its,
Research and industrial circle in recent years extensive concern in using Driven by Solar Energy membrane distillation process the relevant technologies.
In traditional Driven by Solar Energy water treatment system, condensed water not easily collecting, condensed water and vapor barrier incident light
The problems such as, the evaporation efficiency and stability of system can be seriously undermined.Therefore, reasonable water treatment system is designed, is efficiently collected cold
Condensate solves the problems, such as that condensed water and the light-blocking of steam are the key that realize efficient water process.And membrane distillation utilizes hydrophobic membrane opposite side
Condensed water efficiently collect steam through the membrane, and solve the problems, such as light-blocking.
In traditional Driven by Solar Energy membrane distillation system, usually heated using the thermal energy that solar thermal collector provides
Sea water desalination and sewage treatment are realized in water supply.This method needs to heat water supply entirety, and the heat dissipation by convection current, conduction is serious, too
Positive energy utilization rate is low.2014, Gang Chen seminar, Massachusetts Institute Technology proposed the concept of localization heating, high
Effect can be carried out quick photo-thermal using the sun and evaporate, and improve utilization efficiency [the H.Ghasemi et of solar energy significantly
al.Nat.Commun.2014,5:4449].It is suggested subsequently, based on the photo-thermal membrane distillation of localization heating concept, photo-thermal is steamed
Hair material is deposited on film or mixes in film, under light illumination, directly carries out photo-thermal evaporation to the water supply flowed through on film, realizes that film steams
Evaporate process [A.Politano et al.Adv.Mater.2017,29；1603504].Subsequent correlative study is to photo-thermal membrane distillation
System is further optimized, and is concentrated mainly in the research to photo-thermal evaporation material, such as: the extinction of optimization photo-thermal evaporation material
Property [D P.Dongare et al.Proc.Natl Acad.Sci.USA 2017,114；6936-6941；L.Huang et
al.Desalination 2018,442；1-7], and in practical applications, due to photo-thermal evaporation material directly with a large amount of water supply it is straight
Contact causes photo-thermal evaporation heat loss of the material to water supply entirety, seriously undermines the photo-thermal evaporation efficiency of system.Meanwhile
The problem of water supply is directly contacted with film, also results in fouling membrane.Therefore, reasonable photo-thermal evaporation both material and film are designed
Structure be the key that realize steady in a long-term and efficient water process.In addition, existing solar membrane distillation system often structure compared with
Complexity, manufacturing cost is higher, as: a kind of solar membrane distillation disclosed in the Chinese patent application No. is CN200520005444.0
Heat solar heating device is added in the hot working fluid heating device for device, and cold working medium cooling device is using the cooling dress of solar energy
It sets, driving device uses device of solar generating, but whole device volume is huger, and system cost is high.So towards reality
Using, design structure, compact, low-cost distillation device is a urgent need.
Summary of the invention
A kind of the purpose of the present invention is to provide structures simple, easily operated solar energy optical-thermal distillation device, avoids
Membrane pollution problem caused by directly being contacted as water supply and film, stability and the solar energy benefit of solar energy optical-thermal distillation device
It is significantly increased with efficiency.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of solar energy optical-thermal distillation device, the solar energy optical-thermal distillation device from left to right successively include water supply
Chamber, vapor chamber, condensation water cavity；Free-standing photo-thermal evaporation material is from left to right successively arranged in the vapor chamber, several water steam
The bottom of vapour channel and hydrophobic membrane, the stand alone type photo-thermal evaporation material is inserted into in water cavity；The water supply warp in water cavity
Vapor chamber is evaporated to form steam after enter condensed water it is intracavitary.
The intracavitary water vapour for being equipped with cold liquid storehouse, collecting across hydrophobic membrane of the condensed water.
The course of work of solar energy optical-thermal distillation device provided by the invention are as follows: free-standing photo-thermal evaporation material absorb to
Water in water cavity simultaneously generates steam, and the water vapour of generation successively enters condensation water cavity after water vapour channel, hydrophobic membrane, warp
Distillation process is completed after condensation.
Described to be equipped with light transmission glass plate to water cavity, the light transmission glass plate and free-standing photo-thermal evaporation material light side are tight
Patch, for through sunlight and holding meanss air-tightness.
Preferably, described to water cavity includes light transmission glass plate and feed trough.It inserts the bottom of free-standing photo-thermal evaporation material
Enter in water cavity.Preferably, the light transmission glass plate and feed trough are integrated.
The water vapour channel is evaporated by free-standing photo-thermal to be formed between material and hydrophobic membrane with being separated by every lining, described
Water vapour channel width is 0.1-10mm.
The water vapour channel evaporates material by free-standing photo-thermal and hydrophobic membrane is surrounded and formed, for being enriched with free-standing light
The steam of thermal evaporation material generation simultaneously separates water supply and hydrophobic membrane.
The channel width of water vapour is the key that realize steadily in the long term and efficiently membrane distillation process.When width is excessive,
The transport resistance of steam and the heat loss of system will will increase；When width is too small, the processing of system and Operating Complexity will
It improves, there are the hidden danger of fouling membrane.
Preferably, the water vapour channel width is 1-3mm.Not only heat loss can be reduced but also fouling membrane can be reduced
Hidden danger.
The top to water cavity is equipped with raw water inlet, and the lower part to water cavity is equipped with concentrated water water outlet, raw water warp
Raw water inlet is input to the raw water to water cavity, after vapor chamber is concentrated by evaporation and is discharged from concentrated water water outlet.
The lower part of the condensation water cavity is equipped with condensing water inlet and the top of condensation water cavity is equipped with condensation-water drain, from condensation
The condensed water of water water inlet input is discharged after collecting steam condensation from condensed water water outlet.
The hydrophobic membrane is to have supporter or the plate membrane without supporter, and the aperture of the hydrophobic membrane is 0.1-0.5 μm.
The material of the hydrophobic membrane is selected from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polypropylene or Kynoar.
Preferably, the hydrophobic membrane is to have the plate membrane of supporter, and aperture is 0.1-0.3 μm, and material is polyvinylidene fluoride
Alkene.
Preferably, the solar energy optical-thermal distillation device further includes feed pump, condensate pump, reservoir and driving dress
It sets, the water supply of the driving device driving water supply reservoir flows through feed trough, the driving device drives in condensed water reservoir
Condensation flow through cold liquid storehouse.
Preferably, the driving device is solar panel.
The stand alone type photo-thermal evaporation material includes supporter and the extinction body for being covered on support external surface, the support
Body is nickel foam, and the extinction body is vertically oriented graphene, and the vertical orientation graphene is covered with hydrophilic coating；It is described
Free-standing photo-thermal evaporation material is for absorbing to the raw water in water cavity and generating steam.Free-standing photo-thermal evaporates the material capture sun
Can, and thermal energy is converted light energy into, rapidly generate local high temperature zone.
The vertically oriented graphene for being covered with hydrophilic coating is made of carbon nanowalls array.The nickel foam is porous knot
Structure.
It is high to part to transmit water supply as water conveying flow passage through capillary action for vertically oriented graphene through surface spraying
Warm area generates rapidly photo-thermal steam；It solves in conventional photo-thermal membrane distillation system since photo-thermal evaporates material and water supply is integrally straight
Contact, caused heat loss problem improve the photo-thermal evaporation efficiency of system；The separation of water supply and film will be realized simultaneously,
It solves in conventional film Distallation systm and is directly contacted due to film with water supply, caused membrane pollution problem improves the length of system
Phase stability.
The absorptance of the extinction body is 90-99%.Preferably, the absorptance of the extinction body is 96.0-98.0%.
The preparation method of the stand alone type photo-thermal evaporation material includes the following steps:
(1) nickel foam is placed in plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition reaction chamber, be passed through methane or hydrogen with
The gaseous mixture of methane is passed through inert gas after carrying out chemical vapour deposition reaction, cooling, obtains vertically oriented graphene/foam
Nickel；
(2) vertically oriented graphene/nickel foam acetone, methanol, deionized water that step (1) obtains are cleaned, then
It is dry in dry atmosphere；
(3) the vertically oriented graphene for obtaining step (2)/foam nickel surface spray gun equably spray solution, in sky
Standing and drying in gas forms super clear water coating in vertical graphene surface, obtains free-standing photo-thermal evaporation material.
The flow-rate ratio of the gaseous mixture of hydrogen and methane is 0-20:1 in the step (1).
Preferably, the flow-rate ratio of the gaseous mixture of hydrogen and methane is 0-15:1 in the step (1).The stream of hydrogen and methane
Amount is than being the key that synthesize vertically oriented graphene, and when the flow-rate ratio of gaseous mixture is greater than 15:1, products therefrom is not vertically to take
To graphene.
Preferably, the flow-rate ratio of step (1) gaseous mixture is 1-5:1.When flow-rate ratio is less than 1:1, aggregate velocity is slower；
The pattern and chemical property for being greater than 5:1 products therefrom when flow-rate ratio are closer to indefinite form carbon, carbon nano-fiber and carbon nanotube.
In the step (1), the reaction condition of chemical vapour deposition reaction are as follows: synthesis air pressure is 1-1000Pa；Synthesis temperature
Degree is 400-1000 DEG C.
Preferably, in the step (1), synthesis temperature is 500-1000 DEG C, and synthesis air pressure is 10-1000Pa.
It is more demanding to the technique of synthesis device as air pressure < 1Pa, it is not easy to reach；As air pressure > 1000Pa, energy consumption compared with
Greatly, it is unfavorable for practical application.When temperature < 400 DEG C, vertically oriented graphene can not be synthesized；Work as temperature > 1000 DEG C, to equipment
Technique it is more demanding, and need biggish input power, be unfavorable for practical application.
Preferably, in the step (1), the reaction condition of chemical vapour deposition reaction are as follows: synthesis air pressure is 50-500Pa,
Synthesis temperature is 600-800 DEG C.
In the step (1), the plasma source in chemical vapour deposition reaction is selected from microwave plasma, power 200-
400W maintains 10-180min.
As time < 10min, synthesized vertically oriented graphene amount is less, and absorptivity is lower；When the time is greater than >
180min, to absorptivity without being obviously improved, but energy and consumption of raw materials are larger.
Preferably, microwave plasma maintains 30-120min.
In the step (1), inert gas is as cooling gas.
In the step (2), inert gas is as dry gas.
In the step (3), poly- (3,4-rthylene dioxythiophene)-poly- (styrene sulfonic acid) solution is as spray solution, spray
Applying number is 1-10 times.
Preferably, spraying number is 3-6 times, and within the scope of this, the vertically oriented graphene of surface seal coat can
Good hydrophily is obtained, while the nanometer chip architecture of vertically oriented graphene will not be completely covered in coating.
The present invention evaporates the structure of both material and hydrophobic membrane by optimizing photo-thermal, and it is simple, easy to provide a kind of structure
In the solar energy optical-thermal distillation device of operation, the membrane pollution problem as caused by directly contacting water supply and film is avoided, it can
Condensed water is efficiently collected, solves the problems, such as the light-blocking of condensed water and steam, the stability of solar energy optical-thermal distillation device and too
Positive energy utilization efficiency is significantly increased.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram for the solar energy optical-thermal distillation device that embodiment 1 provides；
Fig. 2 is the connection schematic diagram for the solar energy optical-thermal distillation device that embodiment 1 provides；
Fig. 3 is the photo-thermal evaporating principle schematic diagram for the solar energy optical-thermal distillation device that embodiment 1 provides；
Fig. 4 is that the free-standing photo-thermal of solar energy optical-thermal distillation device provided by the invention evaporates the preparation flow of material
Figure.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the present invention more obvious and understandable, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and referring to attached drawing, the present invention is made further
Explanation.Embodiment described below for explaining only the invention, to of the invention in form and substantially without any limitation.
As shown in figure 4, the preparation process plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method preparation of free-standing photo-thermal evaporation material
Vertically oriented graphene, spray coating method prepare super clear water coating.
Free-standing photo-thermal evaporation material provided by the invention is performed the following performance tests:
1, it water contact angle: using the contact angle instrument of model DropMeter A-200, measures free-standing photo-thermal and evaporates material
With the water contact angle of film surface, the hydrophily of material is characterized, on the surface of the material by the water droplet drop of 5 μ L utilizes height using electrodynamic pump
The change procedure of fast cameras record water droplet calculates water contact angle by Young-Laplace equation.
2, it absorptance: using the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer of model UV-3150UV-VIS, measures in 200-
2600 nano waveband stand alone type photo-thermal evaporate the light reflectivity and light transmission of material, and utilize formula: absorptivity=1- light is anti-
The rate of penetrating-light transmission calculates average light absorption rate.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, solar energy optical-thermal desalination plant provided by the invention, comprising: light transmission glass plate 1, solely
Vertical photo-thermal evaporation material 2, hydrophobic membrane 3, water vapour channel 4, every serving as a contrast 5, feed trough 6, cold liquid storehouse 7, raw water inlet 8, concentrated water
Water outlet 9, condensing water inlet 10, condensation-water drain 11, solar battery 12, feed pump 13, condensate pump 14, water supply reservoir
15, condensed water reservoir 16.Wherein, light transmission glass plate 1 and the composition of feed trough 6 be to water cavity, to the top of water cavity be equipped with raw water into
The mouth of a river 8 is equipped with concentrated water water outlet 9 to the lower part of water cavity.Free-standing photo-thermal evaporation material 2, hydrophobic membrane 3, water vapour channel 4 and every
5 composition evaporation cavity of lining.The lower part of condensation chamber is equipped with condensing water inlet 10, and the top of condensation chamber is equipped with condensation-water drain 11.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, the electrical energy drive feed pump 13 that is provided by solar panel 12,14 continuous running of condensate pump；
Water supply injects feed trough 6 by raw water inlet 8；One is formed with every lining 5 between free-standing photo-thermal evaporation material 2 and hydrophobic membrane 3
Water vapour channel 4；The other side of hydrophobic membrane 3 is cold liquid storehouse 7；Condensed water injects cold liquid storehouse 7 by condensing water inlet 10；Light transmission glass
Glass plate 1 is close to the light side of free-standing photo-thermal evaporation material 2, not only plays the role of closing distillation device, but also play guidance
Water vapour to water vapour channel 4 effect；In free-standing photo-thermal evaporation 2 bottom of material insertion feed trough 6, solar energy is absorbed, and
Thermal energy is converted light energy into, water supply is evaporated；Water vapour is enriched in water vapour channel 4, is condensed then across hydrophobic membrane 2, cold liquid
Collect the fresh water of condensation in storehouse 7；The aperture of hydrophobic membrane 3 is 0.3 μm；4 width of water vapour channel is 1mm.It is steamed in solar energy hotting mask
In the operational process of distillation unit, raw water inlet 8, condensing water inlet 10, condensation-water drain 11, all keeps beating concentrated water water outlet 9
Open state；Water supply reservoir 15, condensed water reservoir 16 all maintain a certain amount of water level.After device stops working, can shift,
Use the fresh water in condensed water reservoir 16.
As shown in figure 3, free-standing photo-thermal evaporation material 2 includes supporter 17 and the extinction for being covered on 17 outer surface of supporter
Body 18, the extinction body 18 are the vertically oriented graphene that surface coats super-hydrophilic coating, and the supporter 17 is nickel foam.
Extinction body 18 traps solar energy, converts solar energy into thermal energy, forms local high temperature zone；Supporter 17 plays machinery
Supporting role separates extinction body 18 and hydrophobic membrane 3.Meanwhile extinction body 18 is also used as feed water runner 19, through capillary action
Water supply 20 is conveyed, is allowed to reach localized high temperature regions, realizes quick photo-thermal evaporation.Meanwhile feed water runner 19 can protect it is hydrophobic
Film 3 prevents hydrophobic membrane 3 from directly contacting with water supply 20, solves membrane pollution problem；In addition, feed water runner 19 can be to avoid extinction body
Hot-fluid is transferred directly to water supply 20 by 18, reduces energy loss.
Wherein, free-standing photo-thermal evaporation material 2 the preparation method is as follows:
1. nickel foam is placed in plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition reaction chamber, it is evacuated to < 10Pa, then,
It is heated to 800 DEG C；
2. opening CH4With H2Air valve is passed through CH4With H2Mixed gas, wherein H2Flow be 5ml min-1, CH4Stream
Amount is 5ml min-1, air pressure is adjusted to 100Pa；
3. opening inductively-coupled plasma sources, power adjustment to 250W maintains 120min；
4. closing plasma source, CH is closed4With H2Air valve opens Ar air valve, is passed through Ar, to be cooled as cooling gas
To room temperature, vertically oriented graphene/grapheme foam is taken out；
5. by obtained vertically oriented graphene/foam nickel surface with spray gun spraying 3 times, equably poly- in spraying (3,
4- ethene dioxythiophene)-poly- (styrene sulfonic acid) solution, standing and drying, forms super clear in vertical graphene surface in air
Water coating obtains free-standing photo-thermal evaporation material.
The free-standing photo-thermal evaporation material of preparation, outer surface is black.Free-standing photo-thermal through surface spray treatment steams
Hair material shows strongly hydrophilic, and water contact angle is 20.4 °, illustrates that extinction body can transmit water supply through capillary action.
The microstructure of free-standing photo-thermal evaporation material shows as three-dimensional porous structure；Vertically oriented graphene is received by carbon
Rice wall is constituted, and is evenly distributed on the skeleton of nickel foam.
Free-standing photo-thermal evaporation material is up to 98.0% in the average light absorption rate of 200-2600 nano waveband；It is vertically oriented
The carbon nanowalls of distribution prevent the escape of incident light, extremely strong to the trapping ability of light.
In free-standing photo-thermal evaporation 2 bottom of material insertion feed trough 6, solar energy is absorbed, and convert light energy into thermal energy, steamed
Issue water；Water vapour is enriched in water vapour channel 4, is condensed then across hydrophobic membrane 3, and the fresh water of condensation is collected in cold liquid storehouse 7,
1kW m-2Light-intensity conditions under, the efficiency of solar energy utilization of the material is 69.2%.
Using solar energy optical-thermal distillation device provided by the invention, the natural sea-water for being 3.25% to salinity carries out film steaming
Processing is evaporated, salt rejection rate reaches 99.5%, and satisfaction drinks requirement；The artificial salt water for being 9.85% to salinity carries out membrane distillation processing,
Salt rejection rate reaches 99.4%, and satisfaction drinks requirement；The artificial salt water for being 16.7% to salinity carries out membrane distillation processing, and salt rejection rate reaches
To 99.2%, satisfaction drinks requirement.To oil water mixture (natural sea-water: 3.25%；Mineral oil: 1g L-1) carry out at membrane distillation
Reason, salt rejection rate reach 99.1%, and the total organic carbon amount of condensed water maintains 5mg L-1Requirement is drunk hereinafter, meeting.
Continuous 60h handles oil water mixture (natural sea-water: 3.25%；Mineral oil: 1g L-1) after, hydrophobic film surface does not have
The attachment of macroscopic oil contaminants, water contact angle be 128.1 °, it was demonstrated that film still retains stronger hydrophobicity.
Embodiment 2
Solar energy optical-thermal distillation device used in the present embodiment is as described in Example 1, wherein the aperture of hydrophobic membrane 3
It is 0.1 μm；4 width of water vapour channel is 3mm；Free-standing photo-thermal evaporation material 2 the preparation method is as follows:
1. nickel foam is placed in plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition reaction chamber, it is evacuated to < 10Pa, then,
It is heated to 700 DEG C；
2. opening CH4With H2Air valve is passed through CH4With H2Mixed gas, wherein H2Flow be 5ml min-1, CH4Stream
Amount is 5ml min-1, air pressure is adjusted to 50Pa；
3. opening inductively-coupled plasma sources, power adjustment to 250W maintains 60min；
4. closing plasma source, CH is closed4With H2Air valve opens Ar air valve, is passed through Ar, to be cooled as cooling gas
To room temperature, vertically oriented graphene/grapheme foam is taken out；
5. by obtained vertically oriented graphene/foam nickel surface with spray gun spraying 6 times, equably poly- in spraying (3,
4- ethene dioxythiophene)-poly- (styrene sulfonic acid) solution, standing and drying, forms super clear in vertical graphene surface in air
Water coating obtains free-standing photo-thermal evaporation material.
The properties test result of the present embodiment is shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 3
Solar energy optical-thermal distillation device used in the present embodiment is as described in Example 1, wherein the aperture of hydrophobic membrane 3
It is 0.2 μm；4 width of water vapour channel is 2mm；Free-standing photo-thermal evaporation material 2 the preparation method is as follows:
1. nickel foam is placed in plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition reaction chamber, it is evacuated to < 10Pa, then,
It is heated to 650 DEG C；
2. opening CH4With H2Air valve is passed through CH4With H2Mixed gas, wherein H2Flow be 5ml min-1, CH4Stream
Amount is 5ml min-1, air pressure is adjusted to 400Pa；
3. opening inductively-coupled plasma sources, power adjustment to 250W maintains 30min；
4. closing plasma source, CH is closed4With H2Air valve opens Ar air valve, is passed through Ar, to be cooled as cooling gas
To room temperature, vertically oriented graphene/grapheme foam is taken out；
5. by obtained vertically oriented graphene/foam nickel surface with spray gun spraying 4 times, equably poly- in spraying (3,
4- ethene dioxythiophene)-poly- (styrene sulfonic acid) solution, standing and drying, forms super clear in vertical graphene surface in air
Water coating obtains free-standing photo-thermal evaporation material.
The properties test result of the present embodiment is shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 4
Solar energy optical-thermal distillation device used in the present embodiment is as described in Example 1, wherein the aperture of hydrophobic membrane 3
It is 0.22 μm；4 width of water vapour channel is 1.5mm；Free-standing photo-thermal evaporation material 2 the preparation method is as follows:
1. nickel foam is placed in plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition reaction chamber, it is evacuated to < 10Pa, then,
It is heated to 600 DEG C；
2. opening CH4With H2Air valve is passed through CH4With H2Mixed gas, wherein H2Flow be 5ml min-1, CH4Stream
Amount is 5ml min-1, air pressure is adjusted to 500Pa；
3. opening inductively-coupled plasma sources, power adjustment to 250W maintains 90min；
4. closing plasma source, CH is closed4With H2Air valve opens Ar air valve, is passed through Ar, to be cooled as cooling gas
To room temperature, vertically oriented graphene/grapheme foam is taken out；
5. by obtained vertically oriented graphene/foam nickel surface with spray gun spraying 5 times, equably poly- in spraying (3,
4- ethene dioxythiophene)-poly- (styrene sulfonic acid) solution, standing and drying, forms super clear in vertical graphene surface in air
Water coating obtains free-standing photo-thermal evaporation material.
The properties test result of the present embodiment is shown in Table 1.
The performance test results of the solar energy optical-thermal desalination plant of 1 embodiment 1-4 of table preparation
Above-mentioned is the detailed description made in conjunction with the embodiments to the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-mentioned
The limitation of embodiment, other any changes made under the invention patent core guiding theory, replacement, combination simplification etc. are all wrapped
Containing within the scope of protection of the patent of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of solar energy optical-thermal distillation device, which is characterized in that the solar energy optical-thermal distillation device from left to right according to
Secondary includes to water cavity, vapor chamber, condensation water cavity；From left to right be successively arranged in the vapor chamber free-standing photo-thermal evaporation material,
The bottom of several water vapour channels and hydrophobic membrane, the stand alone type photo-thermal evaporation material is inserted into in water cavity；It is described to give water cavity
In water supply after vapor chamber evaporates and to form steam enter condensed water it is intracavitary.
2. solar energy optical-thermal distillation device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to be equipped with light transmission glass to water cavity
Glass plate, the light transmission glass plate are close to free-standing photo-thermal evaporation material light side.
3. solar energy optical-thermal distillation device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the water vapour channel is by only
It to be formed between vertical photo-thermal evaporation material and hydrophobic membrane with being separated by every lining, the water vapour channel width is 0.1-10mm.
4. solar energy optical-thermal distillation device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the top to water cavity is equipped with
Raw water inlet, the lower part to water cavity are equipped with concentrated water water outlet, and raw water is input to through raw water inlet to water cavity, through steam
Raw water after chamber is concentrated by evaporation is discharged from concentrated water water outlet.
5. solar energy optical-thermal distillation device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the lower part of the condensation water cavity is set
There are condensing water inlet and the top of condensation water cavity to be equipped with condensation-water drain, the condensed water inputted from condensed water water inlet is cold by steam
It is discharged after solidifying collection from condensed water water outlet.
6. solar energy optical-thermal distillation device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the hydrophobic membrane is to have support
Body or plate membrane without supporter, the aperture of the hydrophobic membrane are 0.1-0.5 μm.
7. solar energy optical-thermal distillation device according to claim 1 or 6, which is characterized in that the material of the hydrophobic membrane
Matter is selected from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polypropylene or Kynoar.
8. solar energy optical-thermal distillation device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the stand alone type photo-thermal evaporates material
Material includes supporter and the extinction body for being covered on support external surface, and the supporter is nickel foam, and the extinction body is vertical
It is orientated graphene, the vertical orientation graphene is covered with hydrophilic coating；The stand alone type photo-thermal evaporation material is for absorbing
To the raw water in water cavity and generate steam.
9. solar energy optical-thermal distillation device according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the absorptance of the extinction body is
90-99%.
10. solar energy optical-thermal distillation device according to claim 8, which is characterized in that free-standing photo-thermal evaporates material
Preparation method include the following steps:
(1) nickel foam is placed in plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition reaction chamber, is passed through methane or hydrogen and methane
Gaseous mixture be passed through inert gas after carrying out chemical vapour deposition reaction, it is cooling, obtain vertically oriented graphene/nickel foam；
(2) vertically oriented graphene/nickel foam acetone, methanol, deionized water that step (1) obtains are cleaned, then dry
It is dry in dry atmosphere；
(3) the vertically oriented graphene for obtaining step (2)/foam nickel surface spray gun equably spray solution, in air
Standing and drying forms super clear water coating in vertical graphene surface, obtains free-standing photo-thermal evaporation material.
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