CN110141359A - 电外科电极和器具 - Google Patents

电外科电极和器具 Download PDF

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CN110141359A
CN110141359A CN201910415178.5A CN201910415178A CN110141359A CN 110141359 A CN110141359 A CN 110141359A CN 201910415178 A CN201910415178 A CN 201910415178A CN 110141359 A CN110141359 A CN 110141359A
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Abstract

本发明提供电外科电极及器具。提供一种用于组织处理的电外科器具,该电外科器具(3)包括具有纵轴线的器具轴杆(14)、至少部分地沿器具轴杆延伸的抽吸腔(16)、以及在轴杆的远端处的凿电极(21)。该凿电极(21)包括相对于纵轴线成第一角度的主体部(22),以及与纵轴线成第二角度地从主体部延伸的钩部(23)。该凿电极(21)还包括多个孔(35、36、37、38、40)来提供穿过电极的抽吸腔,在主体部(22)中存在至少一个孔(35、36、37、38、42),并且在钩部(23)中存在至少一个孔(40、45)。

Description

电外科电极和器具
本发明是申请号为201410642599.9、申请日为2014年10月15日、发明名称为“电外科电极和器具”的中国发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于组织处理的电外科电极以及电外科器具。这种器具通常用于在外科手术中汽化和/或凝固组织,最常见地在“锁孔”或微创手术中,但是也常用在“开放”手术中。
背景技术
在外科手术过程中经常需要进行抽吸以从手术部位移除物质,无论是组织碎屑、烟雾、流体、气泡还是干扰手术过程或遮挡外科医生观察手术部位的其他不期望的物质。美国专利6,210,405和6,482,202描述了这种外科手术器具的示例,并且本发明的实施方式提供了对这些抽吸器具的改进。
发明内容
因此,根据一个方面,提供了一种用于电外科器具的凿电极,该电极具有纵轴线并且包括相对于纵轴线成第一角度的主体部,以及与纵轴线成第二角度地从主体部延伸的钩部,该电极包括多个孔,这些孔提供穿过电极的抽吸腔,至少一个孔存在于主体部中,并且至少一个孔存在于钩部中。
具有凿电极的现有技术器具通过终止于凿电极附近的抽吸管来提供抽吸。本发明的实施方式通过存在于电极自身中的多个孔来提供抽吸,从而将抽吸引导至待处理的组织的紧邻区域。另外,孔存在于电极的不同部分中意味着不太可能使所有孔同时被堵塞,因此将在整个使用中保持抽吸。
本发明的电极包括主体部和钩部。由于至少一个孔存在于主体部中,并且至少一个孔存在于钩部中,因此这使得不论材料靠近电极的主体部还是钩部,都能够从电极附近吸取材料。通常,第一角度非零度,这意味着主体部和钩部均与电极纵轴线成一角度延伸。然而,可以想到的是,第一角度可以是零度,这意味着主体部与电极的纵轴线对齐,而只有钩部与纵轴线成一角度延伸。
根据一种便利的布置方式,主体部的横截面是圆形的,通常是渐缩的,从而使得它形成圆锥的一部分。作为替代,电极还包括主体部上的侧面,所述侧面侧向地面向纵轴线。当电极包括这样的侧面时,优选地在这些侧面的每一个侧面上具有至少一个孔。便利地,电极还包括位于电极远侧尖端处的、通常是钩部的一部分的一个或多个端面。当电极包括这样的端面时,优选地是在电极的一个端面上具有至少一个孔。
主体部便利地包括主抽吸腔,并且所述多个孔与该主抽吸腔连通。通过这种方式,尽管存在许多孔,并且尽管这些孔关于凿电极布置,但是它们都连接至单个抽吸腔以吸取材料。通常,抽吸腔关于主体部居中定位,沿电极的纵轴线轴向延伸。
根据另一方面,本发明的实施方式还提供了一种用于电外科器具的电极,该电极包括主体部,该主体部内具有限定电极的纵轴线的抽吸腔,该电极还包括凿状钩部,该凿状钩部从主体部的远端与纵轴线成一角度地延伸,多个抽吸孔形成在电极的表面中并延伸穿过电极以提供与抽吸腔的流体连通,所述多个抽吸孔分布在电极的所述表面上,面向不同方向。
电极表面上多个抽吸孔的分布以及抽吸孔面向不同方向的事实意味着所有电极不太可能同时被待处理的组织、或组织碎屑堵塞,因此在整个外科手术过程中更加容易地保持抽吸。
在一个实施方式中,在凿状钩部上设置至少一个抽吸孔,并在主体部上设置至少一个抽吸孔。在大多数实施方式中,凿状钩部上的抽吸孔面向前方,即大体上面向电极的轴向方向,而主体部中的所述抽吸孔面向不同方向,即,与轴向方向成角度。在一些实施方式中,主体部上的所述抽吸孔面向基本垂直于由抽吸腔所限定的电极轴向方向的方向。在其他实施方式中,多个抽吸孔设置在主体部上,围绕纵轴线大致等角度布置,并从纵轴线面向外。
本发明的实施方式还在于一种电外科器具,其包括具有纵轴线的器具轴杆、至少部分地沿器具轴杆延伸的抽吸腔、以及在轴杆的一个端部处的凿电极,所述凿电极包括相对于纵轴线成第一角度的主体部以及与纵轴线成第二角度从主体部延伸的钩部,该凿电极包括与抽吸腔连通的多个孔,在主体部中存在至少一个孔,并且在钩部中存在至少一个孔。
在便利的布置中,该器具还包括返回电极,并作为双极电外科器具工作。在第一布置方式中,电外科器具是使得其设计为在导电流体中工作,其中导电流体完成电极之间的电流通路。这意味着该系统工作以执行所谓的“水下”电外科手术,其中导电部位浸没在诸如盐水的导电流体中,并且电极浸没在所述导电流体中工作。这种类型的电外科系统的示例在申请人此前的美国专利6,004,319中给出。对器具供电的发生器所使用的功率和电压被设定为使得当电外科器具以其切割模式工作时,围绕电极的导电流体汽化。抽吸孔不仅设置在电极主体部中而且设置在电极钩部中,这允许从手术部位抽空流体,从而有助于确保流体被新供应的导电流体来补充。其他碎屑,诸如汽化的组织颗粒、气泡、以及其他物质,能够穿过孔从手术部位被排出,从而帮助保持手术部位的可见性。
作为替代,电外科器具被设计用于在干场环境中工作,其中电极与待处理的组织直接接触,并且其中组织完成它们之间的电流通路。这种类型的电外科系统的示例在申请人此前的美国专利6,832,998中给出。对器具供电的发生器所使用的功率和电压通常设定为低于水下电外科系统,这是因为电极直接接触组织并且无需形成围绕电极的汽化盐水包。在该情况中,抽吸孔用于排出组织颗粒或烟雾颗粒,如果不从手术部位移除这两者,则会遮挡视野。
附图说明
现在将参照附图仅通过示例方式来进一步描述本发明的实施例,其中:
图1是包括根据本发明一种实施方式的电外科器具的电外科系统的示意图;
图2是根据本发明的实施方式的电外科器具的尖端侧视图,该电外科器具用在图1的系统中;
图3是图2中的尖端的平面图;
图4是图2中的尖端的仰视图;
图5是图2中的尖端的侧视剖面图;
图6是图2中的尖端的端部视图;
图7是图2中的尖端的立体图;
图8是根据本发明的电外科器具的替代实施方式的尖端的侧视图;以及
图9是图8中的尖端的局部立体图。
具体实施方式
参照附图,图1示出了电外科设备,该电外科设备包括发生器1,发生器1具有输出插座2,该输出插座通过连接电缆4来为电外科器具3提供射频(RF)输出。发生器1的启动可经由器具3上的手控开关(未示出)来从器具3执行,或者借助由脚踏开关连接电缆6单独地连接至发生器1后部的脚踏开关单元5来执行。在所示出的实施方式中,脚踏开关单元5具有两个脚踏开关7和8,分别用于选择发生器1的干燥模式和汽化模式。发生器前面板具有按钮9和10,用于分别设定干燥和汽化功率水平,这些功率水平在显示屏11中指示。按钮12被设置为用于在干燥和汽化模式之间进行选择的备选装置。
如将在下文描述的,电外科器具3包括具有细长轴杆14的外壳13,以及位于轴杆远端处的组织处理电极。与外壳相关联的可动手柄15能够被启动以引起轴杆弯曲。该器具特别适用于髋关节的处理,在该处理中需要具有关节连接能力的相对长的轴杆来出入待处理区域。
图2至图7示出了轴杆14的远端,该轴杆设置有金属轴环15,用作返回电极。轴杆14是空心的,从而使得它限定内部抽吸腔16,并且轴杆14的近侧部分覆盖有绝缘护套50。位于轴杆端部内的是通过金属保持环17保持就位的绝缘轴环18。轴环18具有如19处所示的锥形前端部分,并且具有中心孔洞20,金属电极构件21配置在该孔洞内。电极构件21包括细长主体部22,以及上翘的钩部23。主体部22是空心的,从而使得它形成抽吸管24,抽吸管24与轴杆内的抽吸腔16连通。主体部22还包括主干部25,其从绝缘轴环18延伸并包括顶面26、底面27、以及侧面28和29。主干部25的宽度随着它从轴环18向远侧延伸而增大。
钩部23位于主干部的远端,并包括前面30和背面31,前面和背面朝顶边缘32逐渐减小。在钩部的前面30和主体部的底面27之间是端面33,其构成电极构件21的最远侧部分。
孔洞34从抽吸管24穿过主体部22向顶面26延伸,并终止于抽吸孔35中。类似的孔洞从抽吸管24穿过主体部22向底面27、以及侧面28和29延伸,从而分别终止于抽吸孔36、37和38。最后,孔洞39从抽吸管24穿过钩部23向端面33延伸,终止于抽吸孔40。一共有五个不同的抽吸孔,每个抽吸孔位于电极构件21的不同面上。
在使用中,使用者操纵器具3以使得电极构件21靠近待处理的组织,并且启动发生器1以经由导线(未示出)向电极构件21供应RF功率。钩部23及主体部22的裸露部分用作双极电极布置中的有源电极,其中轴环18用作返回电极。抽吸腔16连接至抽吸源以使得电极构件21附近的流体、组织碎屑、气泡或其他碎屑能够经由抽吸孔35、36、37、38和40从抽吸部位抽取。抽吸孔存在于主体部22的不同面中和钩部23中意味着无论器具如何取向,材料都能够从抽吸部位抽取,而与材料相对于电极构件21的相对位置无关。多个抽吸孔还允许即使在一个孔暂时被大的组织碎屑封堵或因为电极构件的一部分嵌入在待处理的组织内时,也能保持抽吸效果。更加一般地,由于多个抽吸孔位于器具面上不同位置处且面向不同方向,从而使得这些抽吸孔不会同时被组织所堵塞,因此获得这些有利效果。
如前面所提及的,器具3主要设计用于在诸如盐水的导电流体中工作,其中流体完成电极之间的电路。然而,器具3还能够作为干场器具使用,在这种情况下使用者必须确保电极被放置成与待处理的组织接触。通过这种方式,电流从组织处理电极穿过组织到达轴环18。
图8和图9示出了可替代器具,其中同样的特征部以同样的附图标记表示。轴杆14、返回电极15、和轴环18如前所述,但主体部22现在为渐缩的锥形构件41的形式。多个抽吸孔42围绕锥形构件41的周面间隔开。钩部43与图2至图7的钩部23的不同之处在于钩部43包含来自先前实施方式的钩部23和主体部22二者的特征。钩部43包括与前述一样的前面30和背面31以及端面33,前面和背面朝向顶边缘32逐渐减小。然而,钩部43还包括类似于前述实施方式的底面27的倾斜底面44,但此时该底面形成钩部43的一部分。底面44设置有与先前所述的总抽吸腔连通的抽吸孔45。
器具的操作大体上如前所述,其中抽吸孔42从锥形构件41的整个区域抽吸组织、流体、或其他碎屑,而抽吸孔45从钩部43的整个区域抽吸物质。因此克服了为具有锋利边缘的凿状尖端电极提供有效抽吸的问题。并且,通过在电极外表面的不同位置处设置多个朝向不同方向的抽吸孔来保持有效抽吸,从而使得由于被压入待处理的组织而堵塞所有孔是不可能的;在使用中总是存在至少一个孔,并且通常多于一个孔,朝向相反方向或大体上远离组织的方向,以使得孔不会被组织堵塞或封堵。
本领域技术人员能够在不偏离本发明范围的情况下构想替代的实施方式。例如,电外科器具还能够用于输送混合功率输出。这通过在凝固和汽化功率水平之间自动地变更RF发生器1的输出来实现,使得在汽化模式中产生更多淤血从而成为可能。因此,降低了组织的减除速度,但是增加的淤血在切除或减除血管组织结构时是有利的。作为替代,RF发生器1的输出能够以汽化功率水平被加以脉冲,而无需循环进行凝固模式的启动。与汽化模式发生的组织汽化相比,这会发生较少的侵入性的组织汽化,因此减少了气泡生成和组织炭化风险。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于电外科器具的电极,该电极具有纵轴线,并且包括相对于所述纵轴线成第一角度的主体部,以及与所述纵轴线成第二角度地从所述主体部延伸的钩部,所述电极包括多个孔,这些孔提供了穿过所述电极的抽吸腔,在所述钩部中存在至少一个孔,并且在所述主体部中存在多个孔,所述多个孔分布在所述主体部周围以面向不同方向;其中所述主体部的横截面是圆形的,并且所述主体部是渐缩的,从而使得所述主体部形成圆锥的一部分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电极,其中所述第一角度非零度。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的电极,其中所述电极还包括在所述主体部上的侧面,所述侧面侧向地面向所述纵轴线。
4.根据权利要求3所述的电极,其中在每个所述侧面上具有至少一个孔。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电极,其中所述电极包括位于所述电极的远侧尖端处的一个或多个端面。
6.根据权利要求5所述的电极,其中所述电极的所述一个或多个端面是所述钩部的一部分。
7.根据权利要求5或权利要求6所述的电极,其中所述电极的一个端面中具有至少一个孔。
8.根据权利要求1所述的电极,其中所述主体部包括主抽吸腔,并且所述多个孔与所述主抽吸腔连通。
9.根据权利要求1所述的电极,其中在所述主体部上设置有多个抽吸孔,这多个抽吸孔围绕所述纵轴线大致等角度地布置并从所述纵轴线面向外。
10.一种电外科器具,该电外科器具结合有根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的电极。
11.一种电外科器具,该电外科器具包括具有纵轴线的器具轴杆、至少部分地沿所述器具轴杆延伸的抽吸腔、以及在所述轴杆的一端处的凿电极,所述凿电极包括相对于所述纵轴线成第一角度的主体部以及与所述纵轴线成第二角度地从所述主体部延伸的钩部,所述凿电极包括与所述抽吸腔连通的多个孔,在所述钩部中存在至少一个孔,并且在所述主体部中存在多个孔,所述多个孔分布在所述主体部周围以面向不同方向;其中所述主体部的横截面是圆形的,并且所述主体部是渐缩的,从而使得所述主体部形成圆锥的一部分。
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