CN110138757A - Space division multiple access SDMA-SPMA multiple access system - Google Patents
Space division multiple access SDMA-SPMA multiple access system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110138757A CN110138757A CN201910365505.0A CN201910365505A CN110138757A CN 110138757 A CN110138757 A CN 110138757A CN 201910365505 A CN201910365505 A CN 201910365505A CN 110138757 A CN110138757 A CN 110138757A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
- H04B17/382—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels for resource allocation, admission control or handover
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/08—Load balancing or load distribution
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
A kind of a kind of space division multiple access SDMA-SPMA multiple access system disclosed by the invention, it is desirable to provide access system that can be improved network throughput.The technical scheme is that: the data volume that each directional receiving antenna is collected in the SPMA protocol processing unit statistical unit time, the data that SDMA signal processing unit sends SPMA protocol processing unit are compiled code, modulation and demodulation, send sending and receiving data to network members；Each network members go out network load by the interactive computing of channel statistical message, and node is tabled look-up using the network load being respectively calculated obtains the time delay that this node in the next channel statistical period sends message；Mapping table between network load and channel access time delay is obtained by initializing load at SPMA protocol processing unit；The network members period calculates network load, inquiry network load and channel access latency map table, obtains the channel access time delay of this node, and node sends opportunity according to channel access time-delay calculation message.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to network insertion fields, and especially the multiple access with space division accesses SPMA multiple access system and is suitble to
A kind of multiple access technique for self-organizing network.
Background technique
With the development of information science, traditional centralized network is no longer able to meet and the needs of sensor network.It is this
In the case of, the distributed ad-hoc network with strong flexibility, high reliablity receives great attention.Distributed ad-hoc network tool
Following characteristics: self-organization: the node in distributed network be it is reciprocity, there is no the central nodes of responsible network management.
Distributed network do not need to be planned in advance, and node has with meeting networking ability.Distributed network allows node to have high move
Dynamic property, can bear the quick variation of network topology；Multihop routing: the node in distributed network all has relay function,
When destination node not source node one jump communication range in, just need intermediate node carry out multi-hop relay forwarding, to realize
Long-range Data Transmission；Reliability: due to not having the central node of responsible network management in distributed network, so that network has
High survivability, it is highly reliable.
Media access control protocol MAC is one of key technology of aeronautical Ad hoc networks, how mainly solves multiple aircraft
The problem of efficient shared communication channel, directly affects handling capacity, propagation delay time, network size and the networking flexibility of network.
Due to aeronautical Ad hoc networks network topology high speed dynamic change, Node distribution scale is larger, the poor equal spies of high-altitude quality of wireless channel
Different property, MAC protocol and traditional ground mobile ad hoc network MAC protocol have biggish difference.How MAC protocol control node connects
Enter wireless channel, when multiple nodes request access channel simultaneously, MAC protocol must just formulate a kind of reasonable mechanism to guarantee
Multinode competes the validity accessed when same channel.MAC protocol needs to abide by when describing each node access channel in network
Rule, it is most important for the reasonable, efficient of Internet resources, Fair utilization.Aeronautical Ad hoc networks are to establish in particular circumstances
The MANET to get up, it has the characteristics that the advantage of traditional MANET multi-hop, self-organizing, selfreparing and interim quickly networking, also deposits
In exposed terminal, concealed terminal, wireless bandwidth is limited, and link is fragile, QoS it is difficult to ensure that the problems such as, due to its special application
Occasion needs to consider more problems when designing MAC protocol.The large scale and sparsity of aircraft Node distribution, are navigating
In empty ad hoc network, aircraft Node distribution range is very wide, may cause the uneven of channel quality distribution；The spacing of node
From farther out, for single-hop communication radius up to several hundred kilometers, propagation delay is larger；Node distribution is sparse, and density is smaller, may cause net
Network can not be connected to；The high speed dynamic change of network topology, aircraft are constantly added or exit network at high speed, lead to network topology
With the quick dynamic change of communication link, network-in-dialing may be made limited, when designing MAC protocol, need to consider using more
The communication resource transmit control information, quickly establish communication link.Wireless channel is unstable and uneven, aeronautical Ad hoc networks master
Horizon communication is carried out using VHF frequency range, electromagnetic wave diffraction ability is weaker, and signal transmission is easy the shadow by airframe and landform
It rings, in absolutely empty communication, the high-speed motion of aircraft, channel quality is affected by Doppler frequency shift, due to direct projection in earth-space communication
The superposition of wave and the back wave on ground, there is also significant multipath fading node differences.In aeronautical Ad hoc networks there are it is a variety of not
The node of same type, the diversity of aviation services, different business have the performance indicators such as propagation delay time, handling capacity different
It is required that video class business has higher requirement to handling capacity and time delay, apart from each other in aviation node, Radio Link is bad
In the case of require MAC protocol different to these business be capable of providing corresponding QoS support.Aeronautical Ad hoc networks are using distributed control
System, without Network Central Node, have it is very strong provisional, than general wireless network be easier by secure context threat.This is wanted
Seeking MAC protocol has certain anti-interference function to realize reliable data transmission.Aeronautical Ad hoc networks MAC protocol is above-mentioned in consideration
While great number of issues, also requires that heavier network load can be handled, guarantee the service quality of end-to-end transmission, therefore cannot be straight
Connect the MAC protocol using ground moving ad hoc network.MAC protocol lays particular emphasis on the reliability, fairness and stability of transmission, but is grouped
Access waits time delay big, and networking is inflexible, and the appearance of dynamic time division access TDMA improves networking logout to a certain extent
Flexibility, but difficulty in engineering realization is larger.Based on random competition access MAC protocol can provide low access delay, maintain compared with
Big network size and there is dynamic group net ability, these features meet the demand of the following air communications, but ensure in QoS, is public
There is natural deficiency in levelling and stability.The development trend of aeronautical Ad hoc networks MAC protocol: first is that using multichannel and more days
Line mechanism, multiple channels are communicated simultaneously, can effectively solve the problems, such as concealed terminal and exposed terminal, physically eliminate control
The collision of system grouping and transmission grouping.Each node configures mutiple antennas, can be communicated simultaneously with multiple nodes, improve network
Handling capacity, efficiency of transmission and service quality.
Cellular system is to distinguish communication object with channel, and a channel only accommodates a user and communicate, many
The user that is communicated simultaneously is distinguished with channel mutually, and here it is multiple access.Because mobile communication system is that a multichannel is same
When the system that works, have the characteristics that broadcast and the covering of large area radio wave, net in the signal of user transmitting other use
Can receive per family, thus in netting user how to be identified from the signal broadcast be sent to the signal of this station address just at
In order to establish the matter of utmost importance of connection.In the wave coverage of wireless communications environment, the wireless channel between user is established
Connection, the problem of being access mode.Solve the problems, such as the method for multiple access access multiple access technique.When multiple users
When the public transmission medium amount of access one realizes communication each other, the signal to each user is needed to be assigned to different features,
To distinguish different users, this technology is known as multiple access technology.The purpose of multiple access technique is that multiple users can connect simultaneously
Enter base station, enjoys the communication service that base station provides, guarantee that the signal between each user will not interfere with each other.The base of multi-access mode
This type has: Frequency Division Multiple Access, time division multiple access way, space division multiple access mode, CDMA mode etc..Space division multiple access (SDMA)
It is a kind of multiple access technology of new development, the core technology that SDMA is realized is the application of smart antenna, and ideally it requires day
Line distributes a spot beam to each user；The wireless communication of each user can be distinguished according to the spatial position of user in this way
Number, in other words, the user in different location can use same frequency and same pattern without mutual in the same time
Interference.In fact, SDMA is not used independently usually, but tied with other multi-access modes such as FDMA, TDMA and CDMA etc.
It closes and uses；That is the different user in same wave beam is distinguish with these multi-access modes again.Using SDMA
Advantage be apparent that antenna gain can be improved in it so that power control more rationally effectively, significant ground lifting system appearance
Amount；Furthermore it on the one hand can weaken from extraneous interference, on the other hand can also reduce the interference to other electronic systems.From
After the access mode introduced from A Luohua system occurs, situation has just played variation.There is collision phenomenon in this mode, i.e.,
Two or more information attempt busy channel simultaneously, they bump against and are destroyed, it is necessary to retransmit.This and queuing system
In be rejected similar effect, the more than one information for being only rejected or being destroyed.At present in mobile communication system most
The most commonly used is Frequency Division Multiple Access, time division multiple access way, Code Division Multiple Access.Frequency division multiple access is realized with different frequency channels
Communication.Time division multiple acess is to realize to communicate with different time-gap.CDMA is to realize communication with different code sequence.Space division
Multiple access is with different direction information realization multiple access communication.Multiple access technology is one of basic technology of mobile communication, each signal
It is assigned to different be characterized in that multiple access technique will solve the problems, such as.In cell mobile communication systems, multiple access method master
There are frequency division multiple access FDMA access, CDMA CDMA access, time division multiple acess TDMA access and space division mode (SDMA).Time-division is more
Location distinguishes user using different time slots, i.e., the data of user are transmitted on different time slots, to avoid user-user signal
Interfere with each other.CDMA distinguishes user using different code words, i.e. the data of user are scrambled with unused code word,
To avoid interfering with each other for user-user signal.Time division multiple acess distinguishes user using different time slots, i.e. the data of user exist
It is transmitted on different time slots, to avoid interfering with each other for user-user signal.Space division multiple access SDMA technology is a kind of channel increase-volume
Mode, constitute different channel using space segmentation, the reuse of frequency may be implemented, be conducive to that frequency is made full use of to provide
Source.Space division multiple access (SDMA) technology is to constitute different channels according to the segmentation in space.Theoretically, a letter in space
Source can transmit signal to unlimited number of direction (angle), so as to constitute unlimited number of channel.But due to emitting signal
It needs to use antenna, and antenna is unlikely to be infinite multiple, thus the channel number of space division multiple access is limited.Space division multiple access is also
Can be compatible with other multi-access modes, to realize the multiple access technology of combination, such as " space division-CDMA (SD-
CDMA)".The key that SDMA is realized is intelligent antenna technology, this is also exactly the difficult point of current application SDMA.Especially for movement
User, due to the complexity of mobile radio channel so that in smart antenna about the Dynamical capture of multiple user signals, identification with
The identification scheduling algorithm of track and channel is extremely complex.Time division multiple acess TDMA agreement is temporally to divide channel resource, point
At periodic frame, a frame is divided into several time slots again, further according to certain rule distribution time slot, so that each user is advising
Data are sent in fixed time slot.Aeronautical Ad hoc networks mainly use two kinds of MAC protocols: time division multiple acess (TDMA) agreement and statistics at present
Preferential multiple access (SPMA) agreement.
According to the method for salary distribution of time slot, when time division multiple acess TDMA agreement can be divided into fixed time-slot TDMA distribution agreement and dynamic
Gap distributes two kinds of TDMA agreement.Fixed time-slot TDMA distribution agreement is that equipment is prefixed the size of network capacity, will not be occurred more
The phenomenon that location is interfered, and ensure that certain fairness, but slot efficiency is lower.With fixed time-slot TDMA distribution agreement phase
Than dynamic time-slot TDMA distribution agreement dynamically distributes channel resource according to the business demand of node, can effectively improve letter
Road utilization rate and network performance, and flexibility is higher.Dynamic TDMA can be realized distributed networking, but resource allocation interacted
Journey is complicated, and control message expense is big, and network members network entry time is longer, and time delay is larger.
In network insertion field, when two or more user sharing channel transmission datas, information will be superimposed, purpose
End cannot receive correct data, transmitting terminal must transmit again, until be successfully received or time-out abandon.Data are again
Secondary transmission causes the serious waste of time and channel resource, so needing to constantly improve and develop multiple access technique, to mention
High network performance.Access mode is the extremely critical factor for influencing digital mobile communication network structure.It will move number
The power system capacity of dynamic communication makes tremendous contribution.Different from multiplexing, multiple access technique does not need each road information and concentrates on
Together, but be respectively sent to channel up through ovennodulation, and respectively since removed on channel it is modulated obtained from information needed.
The problem of connection for establishing the wireless channel between user is access mode.Based on statistics priority multiple access access
(SPMA) agreement has dynamic quickly networking, supports multinode while communicating, supporting multiple business priority.SPMA agreement energy
Enough guarantee high priority packet high-transmission success rate and low time delay, and efficiently solve random competition class MAC protocol due to
Network traffic load overweight the problem of causing network performance severe exacerbation.SPMA agreement can regard the upgrading of CSMA agreement as.
SPMA agreement is the interaction by MAC layer and physical layer, according to priority query, prioritized contention Backoff window, priority door
The pulse number that detects and preset threshold value determine the occupied state of channel in limiting, transmitting, to determine the hair of grouping
It send.Each node is mutually indepedent in SPMA agreement and defers to identical state transition strategy, state migration procedure.From initialization
State starts, excellent according to being grouped into " grouping for checking highest priority in queue " state if receiving the grouping from upper layer
The difference of first grade requeues, and checks whether head of the queue grouping is overtime, if overtime, it is removed from queue, further according to " team
Whether column are empty " determine it is to enter data transmission stream journey or " idle state "；If " having not timed out ", enter " statistical channel
Occupancy degree " state.If channel status allows the grouping of the priority to transmit, it is removed from queue, and enters and " send
The grouping of priority " state；If channel status does not allow the grouping of the priority to transmit, into " keeping out of the way shape based on priority
State ".When back off time terminates or receives upper-layer packet, into the state of " grouping for checking highest priority in queue ", according to this
Circulation.
The characteristics such as SPMA access protocol has networking flexibility, channel access process is simple, time delay is low are known by analysis, and
And with the increase of network load, network throughput can converge to stationary value.Therefore, SPMA agreement is more suitable distribution certainly
Organize network.Traditional SPMA access protocol is designed for omnidirectional's dual-mode antenna, is jumped using isotropic receiving antenna statistics one
Channel loading in range obtains the time delay of channel access according to channel loading compared with keeping out of the way thresholding.Due to channel capacity
It is limited, i.e., the network throughput in one jump range is limited, and relatively high scene is required for network throughput, is used
The communication mode of omnidirectional's dual-mode antenna is then unable to satisfy requirement.
Traditional SPMA access protocol is designed for omnidirectional's dual-mode antenna, and isotropic receiving antenna is in all directions
Reception gain be it is identical, receive signal can be by the signal interference in all directions.Therefore, node needs all with surrounding
One hop neighbor sharing wireless channel.If channel maximum capacity is certain, the portfolio that individual node can be sent and shared
The number of nodes of channel is inversely proportional.In comparison, directional aerial has good directionality isolation, directional aerial main lobe direction
Gain is much larger than other directions, can be realized space division.When directional aerial receives signal, a hop neighbor in main capped range
Send signal interference, i.e., the neighbours' shared channel resources only covered with directional aerial using the node of directional receiving antenna.Channel
Capacity is certain, and the neighbours' number for sharing channel is reduced, then the data volume that individual node can be sent increases, and handles up so that network is total
Amount increases.
Summary of the invention
In place of in view of the shortcomings of the prior art, providing one kind can be improved network throughput,
And network throughput can be made to converge to stable space division multiple access SDMA-SPMA multiple access system.Another mesh of the invention
Be to provide a kind of network load calculation method suitable for directional receiving antenna.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: a kind of space division multiple access SDMA-SPMA multiple access system, packet
It includes: SPMA protocol processing unit, SDMA signal processing unit and dual-mode antenna, it is characterised in that: SPMA protocol processing unit string
Join SDMA signal processing unit, SDMA signal processing unit passes through transmission antenna and receiving antenna 1 ... receiving antenna N configuration node
System, the network members for having omnidirectional's transmission antenna and N number of directional receiving antenna are disappeared by omnidirectional's transmission and directional reception realization
Breath interaction；The data volume that each directional receiving antenna is collected in the SPMA protocol processing unit statistical unit time, the letter of calculate node
Road accesses opportunity, and the data that SDMA signal processing unit sends SPMA protocol processing unit are compiled code, modulation and demodulation,
Sending and receiving data is sent to network members, the number of nodes that directional receiving antenna shares channel is reduced by space division；Each network members are logical
The interactive computing for crossing channel statistical message goes out network load, calculates this measurement period using the network load of previous measurement period
Node accesses the time delay of channel, and node is tabled look-up using the network load being respectively calculated to be obtained in the next channel statistical period originally
The time delay of node transmission message；Mapping table between network load and channel access time delay passes through at SPMA protocol processing unit
Initialization load obtains；The network members period calculates network load, inquiry network load and channel access latency map table, obtains
The channel access time delay of this node, node send opportunity according to channel access time-delay calculation message.
The present invention has the following beneficial effects: compared with the prior art
The present invention realizes space division using directional receiving antenna, and the number of nodes of shared channel is reduced by space division.Channel capacity is certain
When, the number of nodes for sharing channel is reduced, and the data volume that individual node can be sent then increases, and then can increase network throughput.
Each network members of the present invention go out network load by the interactive computing of channel statistical message, use the network of previous measurement period
The time delay of load calculating this measurement period node access channel, the mutual restriction between network load and channel access time delay, most
Network throughput can be made to converge to stabilization eventually.When equipment fault occurs in system or condition changes, the collapse of agreement will not be caused,
And there is robustness.SPMA agreement is accessed compared to traditional multiple access priority-based, space division SPMA agreement can be improved net
Network handling capacity, and network throughput will not reduce with the increase of portfolio, therefore, be more applicable for self-organizing network.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is space division multiple access SDMA-SPMA multiple access system schematic illustration of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that directional receiving antenna receives message.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that omnidirectional's transmission antenna sends message.
Fig. 4 is the flow chart that network members send service message using space division SPMA multiple access method.
Fig. 5 is space division SPMA multiple access method instance graph.
Specific embodiment
Refering to fig. 1.In preferred embodiment described below, a kind of space division multiple access SDMA-SPMA multiple access system, packet
It includes: SPMA protocol processing unit, SDMA signal processing unit and dual-mode antenna unit, in which: SDMA signal processing unit has
Coding and decoding, modulating/demodulating, data transmit-receive function；Dual-mode antenna unit is responsible for sending or receiving wireless signal.Dual-mode antenna unit
Including omnidirectional's transmission antenna and N number of directional receiving antenna, the directional receiving antenna of node is responsible for receiving in coverage direction
Wireless signal, the coverage area of each directional receiving antenna add up to full airspace.SPMA protocol processing unit is connected at SDMA signal
Unit is managed, SDMA signal processing unit has complete by transmission antenna and receiving antenna 1 ... receiving antenna N configuration node system
It is sent to the network members of transmission antenna and N number of directional receiving antenna by omnidirectional and directional reception realizes interacting message；SPMA
The data volume that each directional receiving antenna is collected in the protocol processing unit statistical unit time, the channel access opportunity of calculate node,
The data that SDMA signal processing unit sends SPMA protocol processing unit are compiled code, modulation and demodulation, to network members
Sending and receiving data is sent, the number of nodes that directional receiving antenna shares channel is reduced by space division；Each network members pass through channel statistical
The interactive computing of message goes out network load, calculates this measurement period node access letter using the network load of previous measurement period
The time delay in road, node, which tables look-up to obtain this node in the next channel statistical period and send using the network load being respectively calculated, to disappear
The time delay of breath；Mapping table between network load and channel access time delay is loaded by initializing at SPMA protocol processing unit
It obtains；The network members period calculates network load, inquiry network load and channel access latency map table, obtains the letter of this node
Road access delay, node send opportunity according to channel access time-delay calculation message.
Nodes access channel using competition mechanism, respectively calculate the access opportunity of oneself, node is counted according to the period
Network load calculates the opportunity of this node access channel；It, will using omnidirectional's transmission antenna after the channel access opportunity of node reaches
Signal constant power is sent to all directions.
Refering to Fig. 2.In an alternative embodiment, the directional receiving antenna of node and omnidirectional antenna constitute network topology, net
It include node 1,4,4 node 2, node 3 and node network members in network, wherein node 1, node 3, node 4 are nodes 2
One hop neighbor, node 2 receive the message that neighbor node is sent by directional aerial, and node 1, node 3, node 4 pass through omnidirectional antennas
Line sends message.Each node has omnidirectional's transmission antenna and 6 directional receiving antennas, and the node in network passes through orientation day
Line receives message.Since directional receiving antenna has good direction isolation, each directional receiving antenna of node 2 can only be received
The message that coverage area interior nodes are sent.For example, the message that node 2 can be sent by 2 receiving node 3 of antenna and node 4, leads to
Cross the message of 1 receiving node 1 of antenna transmission.Therefore, the message that 2 receiving node 3 of antenna and node 4 are sent, is received by antenna 1
The message that node 1 is sent, each directional receiving antenna of node 2 receives the message that coverage area interior nodes are sent, by orienting day
Line receives the message that neighbor node is sent, and judges whether to receive according to destination address after unpacking.
Each node will carry out channel loading statistics in the period in network, and directional receiving antenna letter is analyzed by taking node 2 as an example
The process of road load statistics.Node 2 will carry out channel loading statistics for each directional receiving antenna, by taking antenna 2 as an example, in channel
In measurement period, node 2 adds up the data volume received by directional receiving antenna 2, and plus this node in channel
The data volume sent in measurement period, using obtained total amount of data divided by the channel statistical period as 2 unit of directional receiving antenna
The channel loading counted in time, similarly, node 2 can count the channel loading of other 5 directional receiving antennas.
For isotropic receiving antenna, directional receiving antenna has good direction isolation.By taking node 2 as an example,
If node 2 needs and 3 hop neighbor shared access channels using isotropic receiving antenna；Using directional reception shown in Fig. 2
After antenna, node 2 only with node 1 shares channel in 1 coverage area of antenna, in 2 coverage area of antenna with node 3 and node
4 shared channels.Channel total capacity is certain, number of nodes reduction of shared channel, the data that individual node can be sent
Increase.Nodes number is identical, and the data volume that individual node can be sent increases, then network throughput also will increase.
Refering to Fig. 3.During node sends message by omnidirectional antenna, node 2, which sends message, will affect neighbours' section
Point is correspondingly oriented the reception of receiving antenna, and therefore, node 2 needs to obtain this node by statistics to send with great data rate
Message, which just will not influence neighbor node and correspond to directional aerial, normally receives data.From figure 3, it can be seen that the nothing that node 2 is sent
Line signal can be received by the antenna 3 of the antenna 1 of node 1, the antenna 2 of node 3 and node 4.Therefore, if the transmission number of node 2
It is excessive according to rate, it will affect the reception of the corresponding alignment antenna of neighbor node.
If node 2 obtains the channel loading of the correspondingly received antenna statistics of neighbor node, the transmission of itself can be adjusted
Rate.Therefore, all nodes in network need the period to send channel statistical message, and the opportunity that sends is this node channel statistical week
Before phase terminates, the channel that the information that channel statistical message carries has posture, position and 6 directional receiving antennas of node to count is negative
It carries.Under normal circumstances, each member can receive the channel that all hop neighbors are sent within a channel statistical period in network
Statistical message.By taking the node 2 in Fig. 3 as an example, node 2 according to the channel statistical message of the node 1, node 3 and the node 4 that receive,
The posture and location information of available neighbor node can be saved so as to calculate the wireless signal of this node transmission by neighbours
Which directional aerial of point receives, from figure 3, it can be seen that the wireless signal that node 2 is sent can be by antenna 1, the node of node 1
3 antenna 2 and the antenna 3 of node 4 receive.It is available right from the channel statistical message that node 1, node 3 and node 4 are sent
The channel loading for answering antenna to count.
According to short -board effect, the transmission rate of node 2 can influence the maximum receiving antenna of channel loading first, it is therefore desirable to
The maximum value for the channel loading that antenna 1, antenna 2 and antenna 3 count is selected, which is the network load that node 2 counts.
Similarly, other 3 nodes also want the period to calculate the network load of this node statistics in network.Each node is opened in network
Load networks load and channel access time delay mapping table are needed after machine, the network load that node is calculated according to the period can
Take out the time that sends in the next channel statistical period and should wait before each message.Network load is corresponding with channel access time delay to close
System is that the more big corresponding time delay of network load is also bigger.
Refering to Fig. 4.Node in Fig. 2 is completed after networking, and the SPMA protocol processing unit of Fig. 2 interior joint sends message, is answered
Service message is generated according to communication requirement with layer, queue is put into and is put into team according to queue discipline after message reaches data link layer
Tail；Message reaches posterior nodal point needs to judge whether transmitter is idle, if transmitter is busy, i.e., transmitter is sending message, then
Continue to send previous message；Start new packet transmission flow journey if the transmitter free time.SPMA protocol processing unit is first
First to judge whether message queue does not wait the message of application layer to reach, until message team for sky if message queue is sky
Column are not sky；If message queue is not sky, head of the queue message is taken out, and calculate and send according to the network load of this node statistics
Time delay；Later, the opportunity that message is sent is calculated using network load, judges whether transmission opportunity reaches, be, sends message, it is no
Then, the arrival on opportunity to be sent is waited, after the opportunity that sends reaches, message to be sent is sent to physical channel；Message is sent
Later, state return to transmitter whether Kong Xian judgement, and then realize node again and again sending application layer generate
Data packet.
Refering to Fig. 5.One wide network handling capacity is jumped for ease of calculation, Fig. 5, which is designed as each node, there are 4 orientations to connect
Receive a topological structure being evenly distributed of antenna and 1 omnidirectional's transmission antenna.It can be seen from the figure that a jump of node 401
Neighbours include node 402, node 403, node 404 and node 405, and each directional receiving antenna of node 401 covers 1 neighbour
Node.Channel loading statistic processes is analyzed by taking node 401 as an example, there was only neighbour in the coverage area of the directional aerial 406 of node 401
Node 402 is occupied, therefore the channel in 406 coverage area of antenna is shared by node 401 and node 402, is considered based on fairness, it is single
The traffic peak that a node can be sent is C/2, therefore the maximum channel load that antenna 406 counts is C.Similarly node 401 its
The maximum value of the channel loading of his directional receiving antenna statistics is also C.The topological structure of each node as shown in Fig. 5 is identical,
The maximum channel load of each directional receiving antenna statistics of his node is also C.
Under distributed wireless self-organized network topology scene shown in Fig. 5, if channel capacity is C, node directional receiving antenna
Number be N, cover full airspace, one hop neighbor number of node is M, is evenly distributed on around node, each node traffic amount phase
Deng.When sending isotropic receiving antenna communication using omnidirectional, one jumps wide network maximum throughput as C；It is sent and is oriented using omnidirectional
When reception, one jumps the calculation method of wide network handling capacity are as follows: if M > N, a jump wide network handling capacity isSuch as
Fruit M≤N, a jump wide network handling capacity are
Each node is by respective channel statistical message by the posture of this node, position and each directional receiving antenna in Fig. 5
The channel loading of statistics is sent to a hop neighbor, and the sending cycle of channel statistical message is identical as the channel statistical period.With node
For 401, each measurement period interior nodes 401 can send its channel statistical message, can also receive neighbours 402,403,404,
The 405 channel statistical message sent.
Network load calculating process, posture and position of the node 401 according to itself and neighbor node are analyzed by taking node 401 as an example
Confidence breath, the signal that can calculate the transmission of this node will affect directional receiving antenna on which direction of neighbor node.Section
Point 401 obtains the channel loading of corresponding directional receiving antenna from the channel statistical message of neighbor node, is counted by channel loading
Process it is found that neighbor node 402,403,404,405 be correspondingly oriented receiving antenna statistics maximum channel load be C, therefore,
Network load is also C.
Node in Fig. 5 is tabled look-up using the network load being respectively calculated obtains this node in the next channel statistical period
The time delay of message is sent, network load table corresponding with message transmission delay is obtained by initial loading.Network throughput and message
It mutually being restricted between transmission delay, the time delay that message is sent in the next measurement period of the excessive correspondence of network throughput is big, from
And network throughput is reduced, eventually settle to the maximum capacity that channel is able to bear.
Under network topology shown in Fig. 5 and configuration, restraining the latter network throughput jumped in range is to restrain latter jump range
Interior network throughput is
The limitation that technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, above-described is only of the invention preferred
Embodiment.It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, may be used also
To make several modifications and improvements, the technology deformation that all technical solutions according to the present invention are made each falls within guarantor of the invention
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of space division multiple access SDMA-SPMA multiple access system, comprising: SPMA protocol processing unit, SDMA signal processing list
Member and dual-mode antenna, it is characterised in that: SPMA protocol processing unit series connection SDMA signal processing unit, SDMA signal processing unit
The receiving antenna N configuration node system that passes through transmission antenna and receiving antenna 1 ..., has omnidirectional's transmission antenna and N number of directional reception
The network members of antenna are sent by omnidirectional and directional reception realizes interacting message；The SPMA protocol processing unit statistical unit time
The data volume that interior each directional receiving antenna is collected, the channel access opportunity of calculate node, SDMA signal processing unit assist SPMA
The data that view processing unit is sent are compiled code, modulation and demodulation, send sending and receiving data to network members, are reduced by space division
Directional receiving antenna shares the number of nodes of channel；Each network members go out network load by the interactive computing of channel statistical message,
The time delay of this measurement period node access channel is calculated using the network load of previous measurement period, node utilizes respectively calculating
Obtained network load, which is tabled look-up, obtains the time delay that this node in the next channel statistical period sends message；Network load connects with channel
The mapping table entered between time delay is obtained by initializing load at SPMA protocol processing unit；The network members period calculates network
Load, inquiry network load and channel access latency map table, obtain the channel access time delay of this node, node connects according to channel
Enter time-delay calculation message and sends opportunity.
2. space division multiple access SDMA-SPMA multiple access system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: SDMA signal processing
Unit has the function of coding and decoding, modulating/demodulating, data transmit-receive.
3. space division multiple access SDMA-SPMA multiple access system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: dual-mode antenna unit
Including omnidirectional's transmission antenna and N number of directional receiving antenna, the directional receiving antenna of node is responsible for receiving in coverage direction
Wireless signal, the coverage area of each directional receiving antenna add up to full airspace.
4. space division multiple access SDMA-SPMA multiple access system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: nodes are adopted
Channel is accessed with competition mechanism, respectively calculates the access opportunity of oneself, node calculates this section according to the network load that the period counts
The opportunity of point access channel；After the channel access opportunity of node reaches, signal constant power is sent to using omnidirectional's transmission antenna
All directions.
5. space division multiple access SDMA-SPMA multiple access system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the orientation of node connects
Receive antenna and omnidirectional antenna and constitute network topology, in network comprising node 1, node 2,4,4 networks of node 3 and node at
Member, wherein node 1, node 3, node 4 are a hop neighbors of node 2, and node 2 receives neighbor node by directional aerial and sends
Message, node 1, node 3, node 4 send message by omnidirectional antenna.
6. space division multiple access SDMA-SPMA multiple access system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: each node has one
A omnidirectional's transmission antenna and 6 directional receiving antennas, the node in network receive message by directional aerial, wherein antenna 2 connects
The message that node 3 and node 4 are sent, the message sent by 1 receiving node 1 of antenna are received, each directional receiving antenna of node 2 connects
The message that coverage area interior nodes are sent is received, the message that neighbor node is sent is received by directional aerial, according to mesh after unpacking
Address judge whether to receive.
7. space division multiple access SDMA-SPMA multiple access system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in channel statistical week
In phase, node 2 is added up the data volume received by directional receiving antenna 2, and plus this node in the channel statistical period
The data volume of interior transmission, using obtained total amount of data divided by the channel statistical period as uniting in 2 unit time of directional receiving antenna
The channel loading of meter, similarly, node 2 count the channel loading of other 5 directional receiving antennas.
8. space division multiple access SDMA-SPMA multiple access system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: each node in network
With channel access time delay mapping table, the network load that node is calculated according to the period is taken out for load networks load after booting
The time that should be waited before each message is sent in the next channel statistical period.
9. space division multiple access SDMA-SPMA multiple access system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: node is completed to network
Afterwards, the SPMA protocol processing unit of node sends message, and the application layer of this node generates service message according to communication requirement, sends
To data link layer, tail of the queue is put into according to queue discipline；Message reaches posterior nodal point judges whether transmitter is idle, if sent
Machine is busy, i.e., transmitter is sending message, then continues to send previous message；If transmitter is idle, start new data
Packet transmission flow.
10. space division multiple access SDMA-SPMA multiple access system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: SPMA protocol processes
Unit first has to judge whether message queue does not wait the message of application layer to reach for sky if message queue is sky, until
Message queue is not empty；If message queue is not sky, head of the queue message is taken out, and according to the network load meter of this node statistics
Calculate transmission delay；Later, the opportunity that message is sent is calculated using network load, judges whether transmission opportunity reaches, be, sends
Otherwise message waits the arrival on opportunity to be sent, after the opportunity that sends reaches, message to be sent is sent to physical channel；Message hair
Send after finishing, state return to transmitter whether Kong Xian judgement, and then realize node sending application again and again
The data packet that layer generates.
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