CN110137696B - Antenna and communication terminal - Google Patents
Antenna and communication terminal Download PDFInfo
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- CN110137696B CN110137696B CN201810129760.0A CN201810129760A CN110137696B CN 110137696 B CN110137696 B CN 110137696B CN 201810129760 A CN201810129760 A CN 201810129760A CN 110137696 B CN110137696 B CN 110137696B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides an antenna and a communication terminal. The antenna includes: the antenna comprises an antenna supporting bottom plate and a plurality of active array modules arranged on the antenna supporting bottom plate; the active array modules are arranged in a matrix, and a first preset distance is reserved between the active array modules; each active array module comprises a plurality of active integrated antenna units, and a second preset distance is reserved between the active integrated antenna units; the active integrated antenna unit comprises an insulating substrate and a plurality of open type microstrip patch array elements which are arranged on the insulating substrate according to a matrix and have a symmetrical structure, a third preset distance is arranged between the open type microstrip patch array elements, and the first preset distance, the second preset distance and the third preset distance are determined according to the working wavelength of the open type microstrip patch array elements. The communication terminal comprises the antenna. The antenna and the communication terminal provided by the invention improve the application efficiency of the antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to an antenna and a communication terminal.
Background
With the development of science and technology, wireless communication is applied more and more in people's life, and people's requirement for wireless communication is also higher and higher. With the popularization and wide application of mobile communication at present, a 5G system is a platform integrated with comprehensive networks such as a mobile cellular network, a mobile internet, an internet of things, an internet of vehicles, an industrial internet and the like, and the wide wireless access capability of the system can support any communication and interaction between people and people, between people and objects, between objects and objects, and can support the transmission of all data including industrial, social and civil information acquired by sensors, cameras, monitors, controllers and the like.
Under the existing technical conditions, patch vibrators in the existing engineered microstrip patch large-scale MIMO antenna are all provided with closed resonant cavity patch vibration elements, although dozens to hundreds of patch vibrators can be integrated on a small antenna array surface, the volume and the weight of the large-scale MIMO antenna can be effectively reduced, the capacitive reactance between the cavity patches can cause radiation virtual power loss, the effect of a directional pattern generated by leakage radiation waves at the edges of the patch is poor, and the radiation performance of the antenna is greatly influenced The space diversity and space multiplexing large-scale MIMO antenna has three functions, but the radiation power and capacity of the antenna cannot be flexibly and dynamically adjusted according to the scene requirements, and the capacity of the MIMO antenna cannot be upgraded and expanded. In summary, the conventional massive MIMO antenna is a closed microstrip array antenna with a conventional structure. The closed plane cavity structure has large virtual power loss and poor directional diagram effect generated by cavity edge leakage waves; and the non-modularized monolithic array element architecture can not realize three functions of the MIMO antenna at the same time physically, and can not upgrade and expand the antenna system, and the application efficiency of the large-scale MIMO antenna is greatly influenced by the factors.
Therefore, how to provide an antenna to improve the application efficiency is an important issue to be solved in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide an antenna and a communication terminal.
In one aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna, including:
the antenna comprises an antenna support bottom plate and a plurality of active array modules arranged on the antenna support bottom plate;
the active array modules are arranged in a matrix, and a first preset distance is reserved between the active array modules;
each active array module comprises a plurality of active integrated antenna units, and a second preset distance is reserved between the active integrated antenna units;
the active integrated antenna unit comprises an insulating substrate and a plurality of open type microstrip patch array elements which are arranged on the insulating substrate according to a matrix and have a symmetrical structure, wherein a third preset distance is reserved between the open type microstrip patch array elements;
the first preset distance, the second preset distance and the third preset distance are determined according to the working wavelength of the open type microstrip patch array element.
In another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a communication terminal, including the above antenna.
According to the antenna and the communication terminal provided by the embodiment of the invention, the active integrated antenna units comprising the plurality of open type microstrip patch array elements which are arranged on the insulating substrate according to the matrix and have the symmetrical structure are integrated into the active array module, the wave beam shaping is realized through a single active array module, the space diversity and the space multiplexing are realized through the plurality of active array modules, and the application efficiency of the antenna is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an active integrated antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an active array module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a parallel feed open microstrip patch array element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a point-feed open microstrip patch array element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of a radiation analysis of a parallel feed open microstrip patch array element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of a radiation analysis of a point-feed open microstrip patch array element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a graph illustrating a basic directional diagram function of a symmetrical linear antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a basic directional diagram function surface of a symmetric linear antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a basic directional diagram function curve of a parallel feed open microstrip patch array element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a basic directional diagram function surface of a parallel feed open microstrip patch array element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a basic directional diagram function curve of a point-feed open microstrip patch array element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a basic directional diagram function surface of a point-feed open microstrip patch array element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional directional diagram function curve of a symmetric linear antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional directional diagram function curved surface of a symmetric linear antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional directional diagram function curve of a parallel feed open microstrip patch array element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional directional diagram function curved surface of a parallel feed open microstrip patch array element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional directional diagram function curve of a point-feed open microstrip patch array element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional directional diagram function curved surface of a point-feed open type microstrip patch array element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 20 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional directional diagram function curve of a symmetric linear antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional directional diagram function curved surface of a symmetric linear antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 22 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional directional diagram function curve of a parallel feed open microstrip patch array element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 23 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional directional diagram function curved surface of a parallel feed open microstrip patch array element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 24 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional directional diagram function curve of a point-feed open microstrip patch array element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 25 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional directional diagram function curved surface of a point-feed open type microstrip patch array element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 26 is a functional application diagram of an open microstrip patch array massive MIMO antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 27 is a functional application diagram of an open microstrip patch array MIMO antenna according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments, but not all embodiments, of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides an antenna including:
an antenna support substrate 101, and a plurality of active array modules 102 disposed on the antenna support substrate 101;
the active array modules 102 are arranged in a matrix, and a first preset distance is reserved between the active array modules 102;
each active array module 102 comprises a plurality of active integrated antenna units 103, and a second preset distance is reserved between the active integrated antenna units 103;
the active integrated antenna unit 103 comprises an insulating substrate 104 and a plurality of open microstrip patch array elements 105 which are arranged on the insulating substrate 104 in a matrix manner and have a symmetrical structure, wherein a third preset distance is reserved between the open microstrip patch array elements 105;
the first preset distance, the second preset distance and the third preset distance are determined according to the working wavelength of the open type microstrip patch array element 105.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna, where the antenna includes an antenna supporting substrate 101, a plurality of active array modules 102 arranged in a matrix are disposed on the antenna supporting substrate 101, and a first preset distance is provided between each of the active array modules 102. Each active array module 102 includes a plurality of active integrated antenna units 103, and a second predetermined distance is provided between the active integrated antenna units 103. The active integrated antenna unit 103 includes an insulating substrate 104 and a plurality of open microstrip patch array elements 105 arranged on the insulating substrate 104 in a matrix and having a symmetrical structure, and a third preset distance is provided between each open microstrip patch array element 105. The working wavelength of the open microstrip patch array elements 105 is λ, the sizes of the geometric dimensions of the active array modules are the same, and a first preset distance between the active array modules 102, a second preset distance between the active integrated antenna units 103, and a third preset distance between the open microstrip patch array elements 105 are determined according to the working wavelength λ of the open microstrip patch array elements 105.
The active array module and the active integrated antenna unit are provided with active circuits and can work independently. Because the beam forming technology requires the space between all the elements of the antenna to satisfy the spatial coherence, the electromagnetic waves generated by each element interfere with each other to be able to cancel constructively, so the distance between each element is smaller, and the space multiplexing and space diversity technology requires the space between all the elements of the antenna to satisfy the spatial independence, so the interference between multiple communication channels generated by multiple elements is minimum, and theoretically, the larger the space between each element is, the better the interference is. The vibrators are active integrated antenna units in the embodiment of the invention, a plurality of active integrated antenna units 103 are integrated into the active array module 102, and a second preset distance between the active integrated antenna units 103 can be set to be relatively small, so that the active integrated antenna units 103 in a single active array module 102 can independently realize a beam forming function. The first preset distance between the active array modules 102 is set to be relatively large, so that the interference among multiple communication channels generated by multiple oscillators in each active array module 102 is minimized, and the functions of spatial multiplexing and spatial diversity can be realized. Therefore, the antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention supports multi-spectrum communication while having the functions of spatial multiplexing, spatial diversity and beam forming.
For example, as shown in fig. 1, the MIMO antenna in the embodiment of the present invention includes 16 active array modules 102, each active array module 102 is arranged in a matrix, and each active array module 102 includes 2 active integrated antenna units 103, a distance between adjacent active array modules 102 along the x-axis direction shown in fig. 1 is a, a distance between adjacent active array modules 102 along the z-axis direction is B, and a distance between adjacent active integrated antenna units 103 along the y-axis direction shown in fig. 1 is C; adjacent open microstrip patch array elements 105 included in active integrated antenna unit 103 are spaced apart by a distance L along the x-axis as shown in fig. 11Distance in z-axis direction is L2。
Wherein, a and B are the first preset distances described in the above embodiments, and the values of a and B may be the same or different; c second predetermined distance, L, described in the above embodiments1And L2Is the third predetermined distance, L, described in the above embodiments1And L2The values of (A) may be the same or different, and specific values may be set as required, but L is generally L1、L2And the value of C is much smaller than the values of A and B. The two or three different active array modules 102 can implement space diversity and space multiplexing functions on the user signals, that is, the antenna can process the signals of different users through the different active array modules 102 at the same time, and the frequency and the time sequence of the signals of different users can be in phaseThe same but different space is occupied.
According to the antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention, the active integrated antenna units comprising the plurality of open type microstrip patch array elements which are arranged on the insulating substrate in a matrix manner and have a symmetrical structure are integrated into the active array module, the beam forming is realized through a single active array module, the space diversity and the space multiplexing are realized through the plurality of active array modules, and the application efficiency of the antenna is improved.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the active array modules are arranged in a matrix, specifically:
the active array modules are arranged in a matrix to form a two-dimensional structure comprising N multiplied by M active array modules; wherein N and M are both positive integers.
Specifically, the plurality of active array modules may be arranged in an N × M two-dimensional structure, where N and M are positive integers, and a specific numerical value may be set according to an actual requirement, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, N is 4, and M is 4, where there are 4 active array modules in each of the x direction and the z direction, that is, 4 active array modules are arranged in a square two-dimensional structure. It can be understood that in the embodiment of the present invention, a two-dimensional structure arrangement manner is adopted among the active array modules, which can reduce the complexity of the architecture among a plurality of active array modules and the thickness of the MIMO antenna architecture; of course, the active array modules may also be arranged in a three-dimensional structure, and may be specifically adjusted according to actual conditions.
According to the antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention, the active integrated antenna units comprising the plurality of open type microstrip patch array elements which are arranged on the insulating substrate in a matrix manner and have a symmetrical structure are integrated into the active array module, the beam forming is realized through a single active array module, the space diversity and the space multiplexing are realized through the plurality of active array modules, and the application efficiency of the antenna is improved.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the shielding shell is wrapped outside the active array module.
Specifically, since the active array modules are independent signal radiation sources, in order to reduce mutual interference between the signal radiation sources, in the large-scale MIMO antenna, each active array module is disposed in a closed shielding housing which is slightly larger than the active array module, so that mutual interference between adjacent active array modules can be effectively reduced, and thus, the spacing between adjacent active array modules can be properly reduced in design, so that the large-scale MIMO antenna can be made smaller in structure. It is understood that, for the sake of convenience of arrangement, the shielding shell is generally configured as a cube, and may also be configured as other shapes, and may be specifically configured and adjusted according to actual situations, and is not specifically limited herein.
According to the antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention, the active integrated antenna units comprising the plurality of open type microstrip patch array elements which are arranged on the insulating substrate in a matrix manner and have a symmetrical structure are integrated into the active array module, the beam forming is realized through a single active array module, the space diversity and the space multiplexing are realized through the plurality of active array modules, and the application efficiency of the antenna is improved.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the operating wavelength of the open microstrip patch array element is λ; correspondingly, a first preset distance is formed between each active array module, and specifically:
the distance between the active array modules in the x-axis direction and the distance between the active array modules in the z-axis direction are integral multiples of 4 lambda.
Specifically, the operating wavelength of the open microstrip patch array element is λ, according to the communication theory, the larger the spacing between adjacent active array modules is required for spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing, the better the spacing is, that is, the smaller the correlation between adjacent radiation modules is, the better the spacing is, generally 8 λ -10 λ is selected as its standard spacing, but because a shielding housing is disposed outside each active array module in the embodiment of the present invention, the mutual interference between side lobes at the bottom of a shaped beam can be greatly reduced, so in application, the spacing between adjacent active array modules can be shortened to 4 λ, that is, as shown in fig. 1, the first preset distance a ═ B ═ 4 λ can be set even smaller, and specifically, the setting and adjustment can be performed according to the actual situation, which is not specifically limited here. It can be understood that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the active array modules are arranged in a two-dimensional structure, and the distances between the active array modules in the x-axis direction and the z-axis direction are set to be the same, but of course, according to the actual use requirement and other factors such as the actual structure of the integrated antenna, the distances between the active array modules in the x-axis direction and the z-axis direction may also be set to be other values and may be set to be different, which is not limited specifically here.
According to the antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention, the active integrated antenna units comprising the plurality of open type microstrip patch array elements which are arranged on the insulating substrate in a matrix manner and have a symmetrical structure are integrated into the active array module, the beam forming is realized through a single active array module, the space diversity and the space multiplexing are realized through the plurality of active array modules, and the application efficiency of the antenna is improved.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the operating wavelength of the open microstrip patch array element is λ; correspondingly, the active integrated antenna unit includes an insulating substrate and a plurality of open microstrip patch array elements arranged in a matrix and having a symmetrical structure, and the open microstrip patch array elements have a third preset distance therebetween, specifically:
each active integrated antenna unit comprises a two-dimensional structure consisting of n multiplied by m open type microstrip patch array elements; wherein n and m are positive integers;
the space of each open type micro-strip patch array element in the x-axis direction and the space of each open type micro-strip patch array element in the z-axis direction are integral multiples of 0.5 lambda.
Specifically, the plurality of open microstrip patch array elements in each active integrated antenna unit may be arranged in a two-dimensional structure of n × m, where n and m, specific values may be determined according to the operating wavelength of each active array module and the geometric size of each active array module. Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an active integrated antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, for each active integrated antenna unit, n is 4, and m is 4, where there are 4 open microstrip patch array elements in the x direction and the z direction, respectively, and thus one active integrated antenna unit includes 8 open microstrip patch array elements. And setting the space of each open type micro-strip patch array element in the x-axis direction and the space of each open type micro-strip patch array element in the z-axis direction to be integral multiples of 0.5 lambda. In the embodiment of the present invention, the distances between the active integrated antenna units included in the active array module in the x-axis direction and the z-axis direction are set to be the same, and certainly, the distances between the active integrated antenna units included in the active array module in the x-axis direction and the z-axis direction may also be set to be different, and specifically, the distances may be set according to actual use needs, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
According to the antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention, the active integrated antenna units comprising the plurality of open type microstrip patch array elements which are arranged on the insulating substrate in a matrix manner and have a symmetrical structure are integrated into the active array module, the beam forming is realized through a single active array module, the space diversity and the space multiplexing are realized through the plurality of active array modules, and the application efficiency of the antenna is improved.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the operating wavelength of the open microstrip patch array element is λ; correspondingly, each active array module includes a plurality of active integrated antenna units, and a second preset distance is provided between each active integrated antenna unit, specifically:
the active integrated antenna units are arranged in a matrix to form a three-dimensional structure comprising 1 xKx 1 active integrated antenna units, and the K active integrated antenna units are connected through a movable support; wherein K is a positive integer;
the distance between the active integrated antenna units in the y-axis direction is an integral multiple of 0.125 lambda.
Specifically, the foregoing embodiments of the massive MIMO antenna and the two-dimensional active integrated antenna unit shown in fig. 2 are basic design units, and since the beamforming of the active integrated antenna unit is generated by the layout of the open microstrip patch array elements according to the design requirements, after each active integrated antenna unit is determined, the corresponding geometric parameters such as shape and size in terms of structure, and the technical parameters such as radiation frequency and beamforming width are determined, although each active integrated antenna unit has a beamforming function, the active integrated antenna unit can only adjust the widths of beamforming in the x axis and the z axis, and in order to make the beamforming beam radiate directionally in the y axis, a plurality of active integrated antenna units must be superimposed on the y axis to form an active three-dimensional beamforming radiation module (i.e., the active array module), therefore, in the embodiments of the present invention, the active integrated antenna units are arranged in a matrix to form an active three-dimensional beamforming module (i.e., the active array module) including 1 × K × 1 active integrated antenna unit And (3) a three-dimensional structure, wherein K is a positive integer, and the size of K can be set and adjusted according to actual conditions, and is not particularly limited herein. In addition, the K active integrated antenna units are connected through a movable support with one end being a screw and the other end being a nut, and the movable support is very convenient for increasing and decreasing the number of the active integrated antenna units in practical application; and, the pitch of each active integrated antenna unit in the y-axis direction is an integral multiple of 0.125 λ.
For example, as shown in fig. 3, the active array module provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes 2 integrated antenna units stacked in sequence along the y-axis, where the number of open microstrip patch array elements in the integrated antenna units is n-4, and m-4, respectively, so that each active array module includes 32 microstrip patch array elements.
According to the antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention, the active integrated antenna units comprising the plurality of open type microstrip patch array elements which are arranged on the insulating substrate in a matrix manner and have a symmetrical structure are integrated into the active array module, the beam forming is realized through a single active array module, the space diversity and the space multiplexing are realized through the plurality of active array modules, and the application efficiency of the antenna is improved.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the open microstrip patch array element is a parallel-feed open microstrip patch array element or a point-feed open microstrip patch array element.
Specifically, the open microstrip patch array element is a planar microstrip patch, and the signal current flowing on the patch is more complex than that of a linear antenna, so that two feeding modes, namely a parallel feeding mode and a point feeding mode, can be generally used for simplification, and the open microstrip patch array element can be a parallel feeding open microstrip patch array element or a point feeding open microstrip patch array element, and can be specifically set and adjusted according to actual conditions, and the open microstrip patch array element is not specifically limited herein. Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a parallel-feed open-type microstrip patch array element according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 4, the parallel-feed open-type microstrip patch array element makes feed connection points of two patches in a zigzag shape as shown in fig. 4, when a feed signal simultaneously feeds the patches from upper and lower edges of the patches through a microstrip, it can be approximately considered that a feed signal current flows in parallel from the middle of the patches to the upper and lower edges of the patches, and a current function input to a feed line interface between two arms of a symmetric linear antenna is a line current I (z) ═ I0The sink (b + | z |), can regard open type microstrip paster array as being formed by a plurality of vertical symmetrical straight line antenna array elements that distribute continuously in parallel, therefore can one-dimensional parallel array theory analysis of the oscillator. Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a point-feed open-type microstrip patch array element provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 5, a feed point of the point-feed open-type microstrip patch array element is located at a midpoint of the middle edges of two patches, when a signal current is fed, the current will diffuse to the upper, lower, left, and right edges of the patches according to the diffusion principle, and the analysis is complicated. The basic directional diagram function, the two-dimensional directional diagram function and the three-dimensional directional diagram function of the lower symmetrical linear antenna, the parallel feed open type microstrip patch array element and the point feed open type microstrip patch array element are dividedThe open microstrip patch array element with a symmetrical structure adopted in the embodiment of the invention is proved to have the same radiation effect with the symmetrical linear antenna adopted in the prior art, so that the antenna volume and the adjustment flexibility are reduced as much as possible on the premise of ensuring the radiation performance. The specific analysis process is as follows:
firstly, calculating a basic directional diagram function of a symmetrical linear antenna:
referring to FIG. 5, there is an observation point located
Where r, θ,
Respectively, the spherical coordinates of the point P, if the z-axis of the symmetrical linear antenna is taken as the plane normal, then theta is the inclination angle of the point P,
is the azimuth angle of the point P, and r is the distance from the coordinate origin of the symmetrical linear antenna to the point P. According to the theory of electromagnetic field, for a symmetrical linear antenna with a wavelength of lambda and an antenna length of 2b, if the dipole arm is shorter, when r is>>b. The downward inclination angle is theta, the wave number distributed along the z direction is k-2 pi/lambda, and the maximum amplitude value is I0And the magnitude of the signal current at z ≧ 0 can be simply denoted as I (z) ═ I0×sin[k(b-z)]Under the above conditions when z is<The magnitude of the signal current at 0 may be simply denoted as I (z) ═ I0×sin[k(b+z)]Therefore, the radiation current wave distributed along the z-axis on the two arms of the element can be represented by a standing wave, and if the radiation signal acting on the antenna element is a harmonic wave with an angular frequency ω, the feed excitation source signal current flowing from the middle to the two ends of the radiation arm on the symmetrical linear antenna element can be simply represented by I (z, t) ═ I0×sin[k(b-|z|)]X sin (ω t). Taking the vertically symmetric linear antenna element in fig. 5 as an example, the current element I at the point Q on the symmetric linear antenna elementdzThe electromagnetic field generated at point P can be expressed as:
dEθ＝j×η0×dz×sinθ×e-jkR/(2λR)
wherein exp (-jkR) is current element IdzThe phase difference caused by the wave path difference of the generated electromagnetic wave from the point Q to the point P. Since the point P is far from the antenna, R + z × cos θ can be taken, and if 1/R is taken as the lowest term according to taylor expansion, R in the denominator can be replaced by R, and then slavery formula e is usedjyCosy + j × siny, trigonometric function identity
cos (-x) ═ cosx, sin (-x) ═ sin (x), trigonometric integral formula ═ sinxdx ═ cosx + c, - [ cosxdx ═ sinx + c, and sin (| x |), for antenna length [ -b, b | ], and even functional characteristics of sin (| x |)]Integration, one can get:
the imaginary part of the above formula is an odd function, the integral is zero, and the real part is an even function, and the product can be solved symmetrically, so the above formula can be simplified as follows:
then, the mode value of equation (1) is obtained, and the basic directional diagram function of the symmetrical linear antenna shown in fig. 4 is obtained as follows:
secondly, calculating the basic directional diagram function of the parallel feed open type microstrip patch array element
Then, as can be seen from fig. 5 and equation (1), the element electric field dE of the current element Idzdx with width dx and height dz at the distal end P at Q can be expressed as:
dE＝j×η0×dz×dx×sinθ×e-jkR/(2λR)
wherein exp (-jkR) is current element IdzdxThe phase difference of the generated electromagnetic wave from the point Q to the point P, and the signal line current I ═ Iz(z)＝I0sin[k(b-|z|)]Due to R>>r, then have an approximation
If the lowest term of 1/R is taken, then R in the denominator can be replaced by R, which is substituted into the above equation and applied to the width of the patch [ -a, a]And high [ -b, b [ -b]Integrating to obtain:
the module value of equation (3) is calculated to obtain the basic directional diagram function of the parallel feed open microstrip patch array element shown in fig. 4 as:
as can be seen from the formulas (2) and (4), the basic directional diagram function of the parallel feed open type microstrip patch array element only has one array element width factor more than that of the symmetrical linear antenna.
Thirdly, calculating the basic directional diagram function of the point feed open type microstrip patch array element
Referring to FIG. 7, a current element I with a width dx and a height dz at Q according to FIG. 7 and equation (1)dzdxThe element electric field dE at the distal end P can be expressed as:
dE＝j×η0×dz×dx×sinθ×e-jkR/(2λR)
wherein exp (-jkR) is current element IdzdxThe phase difference of the generated electromagnetic wave from a point Q to a point P, and the z-axis current element is Iz(z)＝I0×sin[k(b-|z|)]X-axis current element is Ix(x)＝Iz(z)×sin[k(a-|x|)]So the current element at Q can be simply expressed as I (x, z) ═ I0×sin[k(b-|z|)]×sin[k(a-|x|)]. And because of R>>r, then there are
If the lowest term of 1/R is taken, R in the denominator can be replaced by R, and the width [ -a, a of the patch is]And high [ -b, b [ -b]Integrating to obtain:
only for the integral calculation in the above equation, it can be obtained:
therefore, the field strength of the point-feed open type microstrip patch array element at the far point P can be expressed as:
calculating the modulus of equation (5) can obtain the basic directional diagram function of the point-fed open microstrip patch array element shown in fig. 7:
fourthly, calculating two-dimensional directional diagram functions of the parallel feed open type microstrip patch array elements and the point feed open type microstrip patch array elements:
if U open type microstrip patch array elements which are arranged in parallel in one dimension are called one-dimensional parallel oscillator open type microstrip array antenna, and the space between the adjacent open type microstrip patch array elements is dx (dx)>2a) The phase difference of excitation current of adjacent open type microstrip patch array elements is alphax。
If the patch signal feed mode is parallel feed, the one-dimensional parallel oscillator open type microstrip array antenna is called a one-dimensional parallel oscillator parallel feed open type microstrip array antenna, and the first array element excitation current is I1The second array element exciting current is I2＝I1ejαx… the excitation current of the U-th array element is IU＝I1ejUαxAccording to the formula (3), the field intensities independently generated by each parallel feed open type microstrip patch array element in the one-dimensional parallel oscillator parallel feed open type microstrip array antenna can be respectively expressed as:
E2＝EtI2/r2e-jkr2、…、EU＝EtIU/rUe-jkrUif to r>>Udy, Taylor expansion is taken as the first approximation, and the complex number is taken as the second approximation
In denominator real number, can be r2≈r1、…、rU≈r1In the formula
Is rUAnd r1Wave path difference of (2), thereby electric field
Taking phase difference of adjacent parallel array elements
Superposing the electric fields of all the array elements to obtain the total electric field of the U-element one-dimensional parallel oscillator parallel feed open type microstrip array antenna as follows:
E＝E1+E2+…+EU＝E1(1+ejψ x+…+ej(U-1)ψ x)＝E1[(1-ejUψ x)/(1-ejψ x)] (7)
the absolute value of the formula (7) is taken to obtain a directional diagram function of the one-dimensional parallel oscillator parallel feed open type microstrip array antenna:
similarly, a directional diagram function of the one-dimensional parallel element point feed open type microstrip array antenna can be obtained according to the formula (6):
it can be seen that the formulas (8) and (9) both conform to the theorem of the directional diagram product of the U-element one-dimensional parallel element antenna array.
If V open-type microstrip patch array elements vertically arranged in one dimension are called one-dimensional coaxial oscillator open-type microstrip array antenna, the distance dz (dz) between adjacent array elements>2b), adjacent antenna excitation current phase difference αz。
If the patch signal feed mode is parallel feed, the one-dimensional coaxial oscillator open type microstrip array antenna is called as a one-dimensional coaxial oscillator parallel feed open type microstrip array antenna, and the first array element excitation current is I1The second array element exciting current is I2＝I1ejαz… excitation current of V array element is IV＝I1×ejVαzAccording to the formula (3), the parallel feeding openness in the one-dimensional coaxial oscillator parallel feeding open type microstrip array antenna is that the field strengths generated by the microstrip patch Zhe source independently are respectively as follows:
E2＝EtI2/r2e-jkr2、…、EV＝Et IV/rVe-jkrVif to r>>Vdz, taking the first approximation of Taylor expansion, r can be taken from the complex number2≈r1-dzcosθ、…、rV≈r1Vdzcos θ, where r can be taken from the denominator real number2≈r1、…、rV≈r1Wherein Vdzcos θ is rVAnd r1Wave path difference of (E), thereby electric field E2＝E1ej(αz+kdzcosθ)、…、EV＝E1ej(V-1)(αz+kdzcosθ)Taking the phase difference phi of adjacent coaxial array elementsz＝αzAnd + kdzcos theta, superposing the electric fields of all the array elements to obtain the total electric field of the V-element one-dimensional coaxial oscillator parallel feed open type microstrip array antenna, wherein the total electric field is as follows:
E＝E1+E2+...+EV＝E1(1+ejψ z+...+ej(V-1)ψ z)＝E1[(1-ejVψ z)/(1-ejψ z)] (10)
the absolute value of the calculation formula (10) can obtain a directional diagram function of the one-dimensional coaxial oscillator parallel feed open type microstrip array antenna:
similarly, a directional diagram function of the one-dimensional coaxial element point feed open type microstrip array antenna is calculated according to the formula (6):
it can be seen that the equations (11) and (12) also conform to the product theorem of the antenna array pattern of the G-element one-dimensional coaxial element.
According to the pattern product theorem, the pattern function of the two-dimensional plane parallel feeding open type microstrip array antenna (namely the two-dimensional pattern function of the parallel feeding open type microstrip patch array element):
similarly, the directional diagram function of the two-dimensional plane point-feed open type microstrip array antenna (namely, the two-dimensional directional diagram function of the point-feed open type microstrip patch array element) can be obtained:
fifthly, calculating three-dimensional directional diagram functions of the parallel feed open type microstrip patch array element and the point feed open type microstrip patch array element
Directional diagram function of three-dimensional parallel feeding open type microstrip array antenna (namely three-dimensional directional diagram function of parallel feeding open type microstrip patch array element):
directional diagram function of three-dimensional point feed open type microstrip array antenna (namely three-dimensional directional diagram function of point feed open type microstrip patch array element):
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
ψz＝αzand the + kdzcos theta is the phase difference of two adjacent array elements caused by the wave path difference between the x axis, the y axis and the z axis respectively.
If the length b of the symmetrical linear antenna element arm is equal to lambda/8, the height b of the open type microstrip patch is equal to lambda/8, and the width a of the open type microstrip patch is equal to lambda/16. Taking the number U of the x-axis array elements as 2, the distance dx of the adjacent array elements as lambda/2, the phase difference alpha x of the adjacent excitation source as 0 degrees, taking the number V of the y-axis array elements as 2, the distance dy of the adjacent array elements as lambda/8, the phase difference alpha y of the adjacent excitation source as 120 degrees, the number W of the z-axis array elements as 2, the distance dz of the adjacent array elements as lambda/3, and the phase difference alpha z of the adjacent excitation source as 0 degrees, and taking the vertical direction diagram and the horizontal direction diagram in the polar coordinate system to intercept the corresponding angles respectively
θ is 90 °, the equation (2), (4), (6), (11) or (12) is satisfied,(13) (14), (15), and (16) can be obtained as a basic directional diagram function curve (as shown in fig. 8) and a curved surface (as shown in fig. 9) of the symmetrical linear antenna, a basic directional diagram function curve (as shown in fig. 10) and a curved surface (as shown in fig. 11) of the parallel feeding open type microstrip patch array element, a basic directional diagram function curve (as shown in fig. 12) and a curved surface (as shown in fig. 13) of the point feeding open type microstrip patch array element, a two-dimensional directional diagram function curve (as shown in fig. 14) and a curved surface (as shown in fig. 15) of the symmetrical linear antenna, a two-dimensional directional diagram function curve (as shown in fig. 16) and a curved surface (as shown in fig. 17) of the parallel feeding open type microstrip patch array element, a two-dimensional directional diagram function curve (as shown in fig. 18) and a curved surface (as shown in fig. 19) of the point feeding open type microstrip patch array element, a three-dimensional directional diagram function, The three-dimensional directional diagram function curve (shown in figure 22) and the curved surface (shown in figure 23) of the parallel feeding open type microstrip patch array element, the three-dimensional directional diagram function curve (shown in figure 24) and the curved surface (shown in figure 25) of the point feeding open type microstrip patch array element are shown, the radiation effect of the open type microstrip antenna is almost the same as that of a symmetrical linear antenna, but the open type microstrip patch array element 105 is used as a radiation oscillator on one hand to be conveniently integrated, so that the antenna is more compact, smaller in volume, lighter in weight, easier to form in batch, more capable of saving the antenna oscillator material and cost, and more suitable for a patch radiation oscillator due to the high-frequency skin effect; on the other hand, the open structure inherits the advantages of a symmetrical linear antenna, is an open pure impedance radiation mode and has higher radiation power and radiation efficiency, so that the open microstrip patch is used as an array element to construct an array, the open microstrip patch also has high radiation power and high radiation efficiency, and the integratability of the open microstrip patch is more suitable for an array framework. It should be noted that the point-feed open-type microstrip patch array is more suitable for the integration of patch array elements because the feed mode is simple and easy.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the open-type microstrip patch array element is disposed on one surface of the insulating substrate, and a first active control chip and a first data interface are disposed on the other surface of the insulating substrate.
Specifically, the open microstrip patch array element is arranged on one surface of the insulating substrate, and a first active control chip and a first data interface are arranged on the other surface of the insulating substrate; the first active control chip and the first data interface are respectively connected with the open type microstrip patch array elements and used for controlling beam forming generated by an active integrated antenna unit consisting of the open type microstrip patch array elements.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the active array module is disposed on one surface of the antenna supporting substrate, and a second active control chip and a second data interface are disposed on the other surface of the antenna supporting substrate.
Specifically, the active array module is arranged on one surface of the antenna support base plate, and a second active control chip and a second data interface are arranged on the other surface of the antenna support base plate; the first active control chip and the first data interface are respectively connected with each active array module and used for controlling spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing generated by the active array modules.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a communication terminal which comprises the antenna in the embodiment.
The communication terminal provided in the embodiment of the present invention uses the antenna in the above embodiment to receive and transmit signals, which may specifically be a mobile phone terminal or other communication terminals.
The following theoretical analysis is combined to verify that the antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention can improve the radiation performance of the antenna, and the specific analysis is as follows:
as shown in fig. 26, which is a schematic diagram of 4-user spatial multiplexing application of 4 × 4 modular open microstrip patch array massive MIMO antenna, it can be seen from fig. 26 that UE1The corresponding active array module 4 generates shaped beams and UE2The corresponding active array module 13 generates the shaped wave beam and UE3Corresponding to the active array module 16 to generate shaped beams, UE4Generating shaped waves corresponding to the active array module 6The bundles, i.e. each active array module, correspond to one user terminal.
As shown in fig. 27, which is a schematic diagram of a 4 × 4 modular open microstrip patch array massive MIMO antenna 2 user space diversity application, it can be seen from fig. 27 that the UE1Shaped beams, UE, generated by corresponding active array modules 4 and 62Corresponding to the shaped beams generated by the active array modules 13 and 16, each user terminal has two shaped beam directions emitted by the active array modules, and the user terminal can select the shaped beam with the strongest signal to communicate, and can also combine the signals of the two active array modules to communicate, because the signal contents of the two beams corresponding to each user terminal are completely the same. And because the minimum application unit of the active array module wave beam shaping is a single user terminal, the active array module can generate the shaped wave beam pointing to the target user terminal only by 1 signal of the target user terminal and data of the direction of arrival and the like, so that a control circuit integrated with the active array module is much simpler, the upgrading and capacity expansion of the large-scale MIMO antenna are facilitated, the functions of the MIMO antenna such as wave beam shaping, spatial multiplexing, spatial diversity and the like are fully applied, and the application efficiency of the large-scale MIMO antenna is greatly improved.
The above-described embodiments of the antenna and the communication terminal are only illustrative, wherein the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and the parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. With this understanding in mind, the above-described technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An antenna, comprising:
the antenna comprises an antenna support bottom plate and a plurality of active array modules arranged on the antenna support bottom plate;
the active array modules are arranged in a matrix, and a first preset distance is reserved between the active array modules;
each active array module comprises a plurality of active integrated antenna units, and a second preset distance is reserved between the active integrated antenna units;
the active integrated antenna unit comprises an insulating substrate and a plurality of open type microstrip patch array elements which are arranged on the insulating substrate according to a matrix and have a symmetrical structure, wherein a third preset distance is reserved between the open type microstrip patch array elements;
the first preset distance, the second preset distance and the third preset distance are determined according to the working wavelength of the open type microstrip patch array element;
the working wavelength of the open type microstrip patch array element is lambda; correspondingly, each active array module includes a plurality of active integrated antenna units, and a second preset distance is provided between each active integrated antenna unit, specifically:
the active integrated antenna units on each active array module are arranged in a matrix to form a three-dimensional structure comprising 1 multiplied by K active integrated antenna units, and the K active integrated antenna units are connected through a movable support; wherein K is a positive integer;
the distance between the active integrated antenna units in the y-axis direction is an integral multiple of 0.125 lambda;
the working wavelength of the open type microstrip patch array element is lambda; correspondingly, the active integrated antenna unit includes an insulating substrate and a plurality of open microstrip patch array elements arranged in a matrix and having a symmetrical structure, and the open microstrip patch array elements have a third preset distance therebetween, specifically:
each active integrated antenna unit comprises a two-dimensional structure in an xz plane formed by n multiplied by m open type microstrip patch array elements; wherein n and m are positive integers;
the space of each open type micro-strip patch array element in the x-axis direction and the space of each open type micro-strip patch array element in the z-axis direction are integral multiples of 0.5 lambda.
2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the plurality of active array modules are arranged in a matrix, specifically:
the plurality of active array modules are arranged in a matrix to form a two-dimensional structure in an xz plane including N x M active array modules; wherein N and M are both positive integers.
3. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the active array module is externally wrapped with a shielding housing.
4. An antenna according to claim 3, wherein the open microstrip patch array element has an operating wavelength λ; correspondingly, a first preset distance is formed between each active array module, and specifically:
the distance between the active array modules in the x-axis direction and the distance between the active array modules in the z-axis direction are integral multiples of 4 lambda.
5. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the open microstrip patch array element is a parallel-fed open microstrip patch array element or a point-fed open microstrip patch array element.
6. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the open microstrip patch array element is disposed on one surface of the insulating substrate, and the other surface of the insulating substrate is provided with a first active control chip and a first data interface.
7. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the active array module is disposed on one surface of the antenna support substrate, and a second active control chip and a second data interface are disposed on the other surface of the antenna support substrate.
8. A communication terminal, characterized in that it comprises an antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| CN106463821A (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2017-02-22 | 艾赖斯股份有限公司 | Modular antenna system |
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| CN106463821A (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2017-02-22 | 艾赖斯股份有限公司 | Modular antenna system |
| CN105743551A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2016-07-06 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Large scale MIMO integrated base station |
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