CN110137574B - Formation method and device of power lithium battery - Google Patents

Formation method and device of power lithium battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110137574B
CN110137574B CN201910256771.XA CN201910256771A CN110137574B CN 110137574 B CN110137574 B CN 110137574B CN 201910256771 A CN201910256771 A CN 201910256771A CN 110137574 B CN110137574 B CN 110137574B
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lithium battery
charging
formation
power lithium
battery
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CN110137574A (en
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胡善源
郑建章
赖金全
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Jiangsu Baifu Energy Technology Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058Construction or manufacture
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

A formation method of a power lithium battery comprises the following steps of vacuumizing the power lithium battery firstly, ensuring that the power lithium battery is maintained for more than 10 hours under the condition of 1mmHg, and then forming under the protection of nitrogen flow: step one, constant current charging is carried out, and the temperature of a battery charged for the first time is controlled to be 55-65 ℃; charging at constant current of 0.01-0.03 deg.C for 270 + -150 min; the second step of dormancy for more than 1h, and the third step of constant current charging, charging to 3.90-4.00V at 0.1 plus or minus 0.02C; the temperature of the constant current charging is room temperature; stopping when the voltage drops to 3.9V during discharging in the fourth step; the third and fourth steps are performed in two to three cycles. The second step is to not carry out the protection of nitrogen flow.

Description

Formation method and device of power lithium battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery processing devices, in particular to a method and a device for forming a power lithium battery.
Background
The lithium battery has the advantages of small volume, light weight, high specific energy, high safety, flexible design and the like, wherein the formation process is a very key process in the production of the lithium battery, and the formation relates to the performance of the whole lithium battery, including the first charging and discharging efficiency, the cycle life, the high-temperature performance and the like. The formation process is generally completed by a lithium battery high-temperature formation machine. The formation is that the lithium battery is charged once just after it is produced, thereby activating the battery, which acts like "formatting" a floppy disk. The battery can start normal charge and discharge after formation is finished. In principle, the first charging of the cell activates the active species in the cell and a dense film is formed on the anode surface to protect the entire chemical interface. Formation and grading are important finished product processes of lithium battery units. Formation: generally, a series of technological measures are carried out on a battery which is charged for the first time to enable the performance of the battery to tend to be stable, and the technological measures comprise small-current charging and discharging, standing at a constant temperature below 60 ℃ and the like, and a charging and discharging procedure which is specially designed for enabling the battery to complete electrode activation through the first charging is also carried out. The formation of the lithium battery core is a very complicated process and is also an important process for affecting the performance of the battery, because during the first charging of Li +, Li + is inserted into the graphite for the first time, an electrochemical reaction occurs in the battery, and during the first charging of the battery, a passivation thin layer covering the surface of the carbon electrode is inevitably formed on the phase INTERFACE of the carbon cathode and the ELECTROLYTE, which is called as a SOLID ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE (SEI) film. The formation of the SEI film consumes limited lithium ions in the battery on one hand, which requires the use of more lithium-containing cathode material to compensate for lithium consumption during initial charging; on the other hand, the resistance of the electrode/electrolyte interface is also increased, resulting in a certain voltage hysteresis.
Formation is aimed at SEI film formation, wherein lithium ions at an electrode/electrolyte phase interface react with solvent molecules and the like in an electrolyte irreversibly at a certain negative potential; the irreversible reaction mainly occurs in the primary charging process of the battery; thirdly, after the surface of the electrode is completely covered by the SEI film, the irreversible reaction is stopped; once a stable SEI film is formed, the charge and discharge process may be cycled many times.
The positive electrode is actually formed with a layer film, but the influence of the positive electrode on the battery is considered to be far less than that of the SEI film on the surface of the negative electrode at the present stage; the interface of the negative electrode material graphite and the electrolyte can generate an SEI film through interface reaction, and various analysis methods also prove that the SEI film really exists, has the thickness of about 100-120 nm, and mainly comprises various inorganic components such as Li2CO3、LiF、Li2O, LiOH, and various organic components ROCO2Li、ROLi、(ROCO2Li)2And the like. R is C or alkyl. Lithium alkyl carbonate and Li2CO3The lithium alkyl carbonate and the lithium alkoxide are main components which form an SEI film before 3.5V, and the lithium alkyl carbonate and the lithium alkoxide form an SEI film after 3.5V.
In the prior art, the electrolyte solution with lithium hexafluorophosphate as the main salt is subjected to a formation reaction, and with the development of power batteries, the ODFB (ODFB), namely the electrolyte solution main component of lithium difluorooxalato borate, has higher requirements when the ordinary formation reaction is adopted, and the electrolyte solution mainly reacts with the battery anode in the formation process. In order to improve the performance of a power battery, the method and the device are provided when lithium difluoro oxalate borate is formed by electro-liquefaction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lithium battery formation reaction aiming at the main component of lithium difluoro oxalate borate electrolyte. In order to improve the performance of a power battery, the method and the device are provided when lithium difluoro oxalate borate is formed by electro-liquefaction. Of course, the practical effect shows that the effect of the method for the lithium hexafluorophosphate electrolyte is superior to that of the existing lithium battery formation platform technology.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a formation method of a power lithium battery comprises the following steps of vacuumizing the power lithium battery firstly, ensuring that the power lithium battery is maintained for more than 10 hours under the condition of 1mmHg, and then forming under the protection of nitrogen flow:
step one, constant current charging is carried out, and the temperature of a battery charged for the first time is controlled to be 55-65 ℃; charging at constant current of 0.01-0.03 deg.C for 270 + -150 min;
the second step is to sleep for more than 1h,
the third step, constant current charging is carried out, and the voltage is charged to 3.90-4.00V at 0.1 +/-0.02C; the temperature of the constant current charging is room temperature;
stopping when the voltage drops to 3.9V during discharging in the fourth step;
the third and fourth steps are performed in two to three cycles.
The second step is to not carry out the protection of nitrogen flow.
When the voltage of the ternary anode material power lithium battery is reduced to 3.9V, the lithium battery stops when the voltage of the ternary anode material power lithium battery is reduced to 3.85V.
A formation device of a power lithium battery comprises a box body, a heater, an exhaust tube, a nitrogen tube, a charging limiting resistor, a lithium battery, an anode, a cathode, a diaphragm, a formation power supply, a change-over switch and a load resistor, wherein the heater, the charging limiting resistor, the lithium battery, the anode, the cathode, the diaphragm, the formation power supply, the change-over switch and the load resistor are arranged in the box body; the air exhaust pipe and the nitrogen pipe are arranged on the surface of the box body; the formation power supply is connected with the anode and the cathode of the lithium battery through a second end and a first end of the change-over switch and a load resistor respectively, and a third end of the change-over switch is connected with the load resistor and also connected with the anode of the lithium battery; the first terminal of the transfer switch is connected to the second terminal and the third terminal circuit contact, respectively.
In the formation device of the power lithium battery, a voltage and current instrument for measuring the power lithium battery is arranged at the same time.
The heater is a PTC device.
The noun explains that the dormancy shows that the charging or discharging is not carried out in the formation test, and the conversion function among the charging flows with different multiplying powers is played; CC: constant current charge, 0.1C: where 0.1 is the multiplying factor, C represents the capacity value, and if the capacity of a cell is 500mAh, the charging current 0.1C means 0.1 × 500 is 50 mA.
Has the advantages that: the formation process of the invention can improve the performance of the battery which adopts ODFB (ODFB), namely the main component of the lithium difluoro oxalate borate electrolyte, particularly the cycle life is prolonged by 10 percent, the high-temperature performance of the battery is also greatly improved, and the high-temperature cycle performance at 65 ℃ is improved; the invention improves the performance of the power battery, although the formation cost is slightly improved, the method and the device are worth adopting, and particularly the method and the device are provided when the lithium difluoro-oxalato-borate is subjected to the electro-hydraulic formation. The effect of the method for using the lithium hexafluorophosphate electrolyte liquid is also superior to that of the existing power lithium battery formation platform technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention takes the formation reaction of the lithium difluoro oxalate lithium borate power lithium battery as an embodiment. In order to improve the performance of the power battery: a formation method of a power lithium battery comprises the following steps of vacuumizing the power lithium battery firstly, ensuring that the power lithium battery is maintained for more than 10 hours under the condition of 1mmHg, and then forming under the protection of nitrogen flow:
step one, constant current charging is carried out, and the temperature of a battery charged for the first time is controlled to be 55-65 ℃; charging at constant current of 0.01-0.03 ℃ for 270 +/-150 min, and charging at low current to ensure that the quality and interface of the formed SEI film are better, but the formed SEI film is unstable and is easy to react with the former decomposition product, and the SEI film tends to be stable by further charging.
The second step is dormant for more than 1h, and the second step can be started without nitrogen flow protection; the purpose is to make the two charging have a conversion process and achieve the effect of eliminating polarization;
the third step is constant current charging, the charging is carried out to 3.90-4.00V at 0.1 +/-0.02C, and a little current is slightly larger after the SEI film is basically formed, so that more time is saved; and the formed SEI film is compact and has better thermal stability, and the SEI film at the moment completely separates the electrolyte from graphite and only allows ions to pass through to reach a graphite layer. However, when the voltage is not charged too high, lithium precipitation is likely to occur. And in the third step, the constant-current charging temperature is room temperature (the battery can generate heat during charging) or even air cooling.
The invention also provides a formation device of the power lithium battery, on the basis of a formation power supply, a box body 1, a heater (PTC device) 2, an exhaust pipe 3, a nitrogen pipe 4, a charging limiting resistor 5, a lithium battery 6, an anode 7, a cathode 8, a diaphragm 9, a formation power supply 10, a change-over switch 11 and a load resistor 12 are additionally arranged, the formation power supply 10 is respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of the lithium battery through a second end and a first end of the change-over switch 11 and the load resistor 12, and a third end of the change-over switch 11 is connected with the load resistor and is also connected with the anode of the lithium battery; the first terminal of the transfer switch is connected to the second terminal and the third terminal circuit contact, respectively.
The change-over switch can be a contact switch or a non-contact switch, and particularly adopts a solid-state device which can be controlled by a microprocessor on the formation power supply 10. After 0.1C is charged, the first end of the change-over switch 11 is controlled to be connected with the third end to be connected with the load resistor to be conducted, the positive load resistor 12 connected to the lithium battery carries out 0.1C discharge on the battery, the discharge is carried out in 0.1C two-to-three circulation when formation is carried out, the lithium battery stops when the voltage drops to 3.9V (for a ternary positive material power lithium battery, the voltage drops to 3.85V for a lithium iron phosphate positive material power lithium battery), and then secondary charging is carried out.
In the formation device of the power lithium battery, a voltage and current instrument for measuring the power lithium battery is arranged at the same time.
And (3) drying the lithium power battery made of the ternary positive electrode material for 1H at 50-65 ℃, and charging and discharging for 2-3 times at 0.5-0.6 ℃ during formation (the third step and the fourth step).
The formation device (power supply) is a lithium ion battery formation system produced by Hangzhou reliability instrument factories and has types of 2A/2.5A/3A and the like, and is divided into a pneumatic needle bed type/frame mounting type/aging board insertion type according to project: LIP-3 AHB01(512 high temperature), LIP-3 AB01(512 normal temperature), LIP-3 AHF04(576 high temperature), LIP-3 AF04(768 normal temperature), LIP-3 AP02(3A racking machine), LIP-3 AHB01W (constant power, LIP-0.5 AHB01(0.5A high temperature).
The working state of the device is formed, the battery is switched among four working states, the data tested in each state are recorded, and a detailed data source is provided for battery performance analysis.
The formation process method comprises the following steps: the constant current discharge is only carried out in CC (constant current charge), CV (constant voltage charge) and DC (constant current discharge) capacity tests, and the discharge process is not carried out in formation. CPD (constant power discharge) constant power machines are proprietary.
Calibration of formation device: the method is characterized in that a relay and a voltage-stabilizing tube are connected in series, each formation station (for charging and discharging the power lithium battery) is charged and discharged according to calibration process parameters, constant-voltage charging is carried out, and a 6.5-bit high-precision meter is used for monitoring in the process. The actual parameters of each station are recorded. And simultaneously, the control board on the machine returns each corresponding rechecking parameter. Each station needs to test more than 15 times according to different parameter sizes. And the calibration software of the upper computer calculates the K value and the B value according to the two parameters. The linearity parameters of the stations are determined from the K, B values. And judging the error value of the circuit element of the station according to the linear parameter of the station. The linear parameter sets for each station are written together into the chip of the AT28C256 by the calibration software. After each station is calibrated, the difference value of the station relative to the current flow value is added according to the linear parameter of the station. And enabling the actual current and voltage parameters to be consistent with the return inspection value.
The precision of the ATL-SSL formation device is within +/-2 mV of all formation machine precision voltages and within +/-2 mA of current except for a rack opening machine. The high temperature formation should be checked for thermometer, whether the sound is normal when the high temperature air supply motor of the tester is running, and the aging board is checked:
a clamp: whether the elasticity and the elasticity of the clamp are good or not, whether the clamp is damaged or not, and whether the rubber mat falls off or not;
gold finger: the golden finger is intact, the finish is good, clean and clean, the copper foil is firmly pasted, whether the outer edge of the golden finger is flat or not and whether the PCB at the outer edge of the golden finger is flat or not are not uneven. And (5) whether the aging plate is deformed or not, loosening and few screws.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited thereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (1)

1. A power lithium battery formation method is characterized by being used for formation of a power lithium battery made of a ternary positive electrode material and a power lithium battery made of a lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material, and a lithium battery with an electro-hydraulic main component of lithium difluorooxalato borate; firstly, vacuumizing a power lithium battery, ensuring that the power lithium battery is vacuumized for more than 10 hours under 1mmHg, and then forming under the protection of nitrogen flow;
step one, constant current charging is carried out, and the temperature of a battery charged for the first time is controlled to be 55-65 ℃; charging at constant current of 0.01-0.03 deg.C for 270 + -150 min;
secondly, dormancy is carried out for more than 1 h; nitrogen flow protection is not carried out during dormancy;
step three, constant current charging is carried out, and the voltage is charged to 3.90-4.00V at 0.1 +/-0.02C; the temperature of the constant current charging is room temperature;
fourthly, during discharging, stopping when the voltage of the ternary positive electrode material power lithium battery is reduced to 3.9V, and stopping when the voltage of the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material power lithium battery is reduced to 3.85V;
the third and fourth steps are performed in two to three cycles.
CN201910256771.XA 2019-04-01 2019-04-01 Formation method and device of power lithium battery Expired - Fee Related CN110137574B (en)

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CN113451656B (en) * 2020-03-24 2023-02-03 深圳格林德能源集团有限公司 Infiltration formation process of high-nickel lithium ion battery

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CN103326069A (en) * 2012-03-20 2013-09-25 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司 Method for forming lithium manganese power cells
CN107181006A (en) * 2017-06-22 2017-09-19 北京圣比和科技有限公司 A kind of battery preparation method and formation device of 3V grades of lithium titanate battery flatulence of solution
CN207799042U (en) * 2017-12-29 2018-08-31 国联汽车动力电池研究院有限责任公司 A kind of charging and discharging lithium battery equipment test circuit and system
CN108923072A (en) * 2018-07-05 2018-11-30 中盐安徽红四方锂电有限公司 A kind of lithium ion battery equipressure chemical synthesizing method
CN109065826A (en) * 2018-07-06 2018-12-21 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 A kind of wetting method of high capacity high-pressure solid negative electrode lithium ion battery

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US20100164437A1 (en) * 2008-10-24 2010-07-01 Mckinley Joseph P Battery formation and charging system and method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103326069A (en) * 2012-03-20 2013-09-25 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司 Method for forming lithium manganese power cells
CN107181006A (en) * 2017-06-22 2017-09-19 北京圣比和科技有限公司 A kind of battery preparation method and formation device of 3V grades of lithium titanate battery flatulence of solution
CN207799042U (en) * 2017-12-29 2018-08-31 国联汽车动力电池研究院有限责任公司 A kind of charging and discharging lithium battery equipment test circuit and system
CN108923072A (en) * 2018-07-05 2018-11-30 中盐安徽红四方锂电有限公司 A kind of lithium ion battery equipressure chemical synthesizing method
CN109065826A (en) * 2018-07-06 2018-12-21 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 A kind of wetting method of high capacity high-pressure solid negative electrode lithium ion battery

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