CN110129594B - Method for processing and strengthening hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy by stirring friction - Google Patents
Method for processing and strengthening hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy by stirring friction Download PDFInfo
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- CN110129594B CN110129594B CN201910409000.XA CN201910409000A CN110129594B CN 110129594 B CN110129594 B CN 110129594B CN 201910409000 A CN201910409000 A CN 201910409000A CN 110129594 B CN110129594 B CN 110129594B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F3/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by special physical methods, e.g. treatment with neutrons
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-strength aluminum alloy preparation, and particularly relates to a method for processing and strengthening hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy by stirring friction, which comprises the following steps: (1) adding aluminum and aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy into a smelting furnace, heating until the aluminum and the aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy are completely melted, adding pure magnesium, uniformly stirring after melting, adding a refining agent, standing, removing slag, and then pouring and forming to prepare a hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy plate; (2) milling two sides of the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy plate until the thickness is 9-11 mm; (3) carrying out single-pass friction stir processing on the alloy plate at a rotating speed of 600-1200 r/min and a traveling speed of 40-90 mm/min; (4) and carrying out solution heat treatment and aging heat treatment on the processed plate to obtain the strengthened hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy. According to the invention, the structure of the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy is improved and the mechanical property is improved by adopting a stirring friction processing method for the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-strength aluminum alloy preparation, and particularly relates to a method for processing and strengthening hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy by stirring friction.
Background
The cast aluminum alloy has the characteristics of small density, high specific strength, good near-net formability and the like, and is generally applied to the fields of aerospace, automobiles, machinery and the like. In particular, in recent years, people have been increasingly conscious of energy conservation and environmental protection, and automobiles are gradually becoming lighter in weight, so that casting aluminum alloys on vehicle bodies is increasingly replacing iron castings. Such as engine cylinder heads, pistons, rocker arms, connecting rods, and brake system components. In service environments these parts often need to carry certain fatigue loads and frictional wear. However, the mechanical properties of the workpiece, especially the reduction of plasticity and fatigue properties, are seriously affected by the existence of coarse eutectic Si phase, alpha-Al dendrite and macroscopic defects such as porosity in common hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy castings. The traditional process adopts chemical modification and heat treatment methods to carry out modification treatment on the alloy, but the methods have complex procedures, cannot completely eliminate casting holes and are difficult to completely homogenize microstructures. In addition, researchers also utilize surface coating technologies such as spraying, electroplating and surfacing and surface modification technologies such as laser cladding to prolong the service life of the aluminum alloy and expand the application range of the aluminum alloy. However, the method inevitably has the defects of high energy consumption, low energy utilization rate, poor layer/base interface combination and the like, and is contrary to the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection.
Recently, researchers have turned their attention to a new material surface modification technique, Friction Stir Processing (FSP). FSP treatment is an advanced solid-phase material microstructure micro-modification technology developed based on the principle of friction stir welding. The basic principle is that the material in a processing area is subjected to heat exposure, severe plastic deformation and reasonable material migration by utilizing the friction heat generation of a stirring head shaft shoulder and a stirring pin and the mechanical stirring action, and finally the microstructure of the material is densified and homogenized. Compared with other surface modification technologies, the FSP technology takes frictional heat as a heat source and realizes the modification of the material surface by a machining method, is an environment-friendly surface modification technology and has incomparable advantages compared with other technologies. At present, the FSP treatment successfully realizes the modification of the surface structure of the material, the preparation of the metal matrix composite material and the preparation of the superplastic material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly provides a method for strengthening hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy by friction stir processing, which improves the structure of the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy and improves the mechanical property by adopting friction stir processing to the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy. The technical scheme is as follows:
a method for processing and strengthening hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy by stirring friction comprises the following steps:
(1) adding aluminum and aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy into a smelting furnace, heating until the aluminum and the aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy are completely melted, adding pure magnesium, uniformly stirring after melting, adding a refining agent, standing, removing slag, and then pouring and forming to prepare a hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy plate;
(2) milling two sides of the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy plate until the thickness is 9-11 mm;
(3) carrying out single-pass friction stir processing on the alloy plate at a rotating speed of 600-1200 r/min and a traveling speed of 40-90 mm/min;
(4) and carrying out solution heat treatment and aging heat treatment on the processed plate to obtain the strengthened hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
Preferably, the Al-Si master alloy in the step (1) is Al-20Si, i.e. the mass percentage of Si is 20%.
Preferably, the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy in the step (1) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.5-7.5% of Si, 0.25-0.45% of Mg and the balance of Al.
Preferably, the heating temperature of the smelting furnace in the step (1) is 750-.
Preferably, the temperature of the solution heat treatment in the step (4) is 510-540 ℃, and the time is 4-10 h.
Preferably, the temperature of the aging heat treatment in the step (4) is 150-175 ℃, and the time is 4-8 h.
Preferably, the refining agent in the step (1) is a refining agent with a batch number ZS-AJ, which is purchased from Dewes technologies, Inc. of salt city, Jiangsu.
By adopting the scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention adopts the method of stirring friction processing to the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy, can improve the structure of the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy, leads the normal temperature tensile strength and the elongation of the aluminum-silicon alloy to reach 480MPa and 13 percent, improves the mechanical property, has simple material preparation process and easy realization, and enlarges the application range of the aluminum-silicon alloy.
Detailed Description
The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the experimental reagents and materials involved are conventional biochemical reagents and materials unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
Placing industrial pure aluminum and aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy (Al-20Si) in a resistance type crucible furnace at 800 ℃, adding pure magnesium after completely melting, and mixing to form a melt. Adding a refining agent into the uniformly mixed melt, standing for 5min, and removing slag; pouring the alloy melt into a preheated steel die at 200 ℃ for solidification forming, wherein the formed hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6% of Si, 0.3% of Mg and the balance of Al. And (3) milling the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy plate on two sides by a vertical milling machine until the thickness is 10 mm. And (3) processing the milled flat plate by adopting stirring friction, wherein the rotating speed of a stirring pin is 600 revolutions per minute, the advancing speed is 65mm per minute, and single-pass stirring friction processing is carried out. Putting the processed plate into a box furnace, carrying out solution treatment at 530 ℃ for 4h, quenching, keeping the temperature at 175 ℃ for 6h, and cooling in air.
The mechanical property of the aluminum-silicon alloy prepared by the method at room temperature is as follows: the tensile strength is 426MPa, and the elongation is 17.7%.
Example 2
Putting industrial pure aluminum and aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy (Al-20Si) in a resistance type crucible furnace at 750 ℃, adding pure magnesium according to the proportion after completely melting, and mixing to form a melt. Adding a refining agent into the uniformly mixed melt, standing for 5-10min, and removing molten slag; pouring the alloy melt into a preheated steel die at 200 ℃ for solidification forming, wherein the formed hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7.5 percent of Si, 0.25 percent of Mg and the balance of Al. And (3) milling the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy plate on two sides by a vertical milling machine until the thickness is 10 mm. And (3) processing the milled flat plate by adopting stirring friction, wherein the rotating speed of a stirring pin is 800 revolutions per minute, the advancing speed is 40mm per minute, and single-pass stirring friction processing is carried out. And putting the processed plate into a box furnace, carrying out solution treatment for 6h at 510 ℃, carrying out heat preservation for 6h at 160 ℃ after quenching, and carrying out air cooling.
The mechanical property of the aluminum-silicon alloy prepared by the method at room temperature is as follows: the tensile strength is 488MPa, and the elongation is 13.6%.
Example 3
Putting industrial pure aluminum and aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy into a resistance type crucible furnace at 850 ℃, adding pure magnesium according to the proportion after completely melting, and mixing to form a melt. Adding a refining agent into the uniformly mixed melt, standing for 8min, and removing slag; pouring the alloy melt into a preheated steel die at 200 ℃ for solidification forming, wherein the formed hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.5 percent of Si, 0.45 percent of Mg and the balance of Al. And (3) milling the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy plate on two sides by a vertical milling machine until the thickness is 10 mm. And (3) processing the milled flat plate by adopting stirring friction, wherein the rotating speed of a stirring pin is 1000 revolutions per minute, the advancing speed is 90mm per minute, and single-pass stirring friction processing is carried out. Putting the processed plate into a box furnace, carrying out solution treatment for 10h at 510 ℃, keeping the temperature for 8h at 150 ℃ after quenching, and cooling in air.
The mechanical property of the aluminum-silicon alloy prepared by the method at room temperature is as follows: the tensile strength is 467MPa, and the elongation is 7.3%.
Example 4
Putting industrial pure aluminum and aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy (Al-20Si) into a resistance type crucible furnace at 800 ℃, adding pure magnesium according to the proportion after completely melting, and mixing to form a melt. Adding a refining agent into the uniformly mixed melt, standing for 6min, and removing slag; pouring the alloy melt into a preheated steel die at 200 ℃ for solidification forming, wherein the formed hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7% of Si, 0.4% of Mg and the balance of Al. And (3) milling the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy plate on two sides by a vertical milling machine until the thickness is 10 mm. And (3) performing single-pass friction stir processing on the milled flat plate at the rotating speed of 1200 revolutions per minute and the advancing speed of 40mm per minute. And putting the processed plate into a box furnace, carrying out solution treatment for 8h at 520 ℃, carrying out heat preservation for 8h at 155 ℃ after quenching, and carrying out air cooling.
The mechanical property of the aluminum-silicon alloy prepared by the method at room temperature is as follows: the tensile strength is 466MPa, and the elongation is 7.8%.
Example 5
Putting industrial pure aluminum and aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy (Al-20Si) in a resistance type crucible furnace at 750 ℃, adding pure magnesium according to the proportion after completely melting, and mixing to form a melt. Adding a refining agent into the uniformly mixed melt, standing for 6min, and removing slag; pouring the alloy melt into a preheated steel die at 200 ℃ for solidification forming, wherein the formed hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7% of Si, 0.45% of Mg and the balance of Al. And (3) milling the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy plate on two sides by a vertical milling machine until the thickness is 10 mm. And (3) processing the milled flat plate by adopting stirring friction, wherein the rotating speed of a stirring pin is 800 revolutions per minute, the advancing speed is 40mm per minute, and single-pass stirring friction processing is carried out. Putting the processed plate into a box furnace, carrying out solution treatment at 530 ℃ for 4h, quenching, keeping the temperature at 175 ℃ for 6h, and cooling in air.
The mechanical property of the aluminum-silicon alloy prepared by the method at room temperature is as follows: the tensile strength is 421MPa, and the elongation is 16.6%.
Example 6
Putting industrial pure aluminum and aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy (Al-20Si) into a resistance type crucible furnace at 850 ℃, adding pure magnesium according to the proportion after completely melting, and mixing to form a melt. Adding a refining agent into the uniformly mixed melt, standing for 10min, and removing slag; pouring the alloy melt into a preheated steel die at 200 ℃ for solidification forming, wherein the formed hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.5 percent of Si, 0.25 percent of Mg and the balance of Al. And (3) milling the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy plate on two sides by a vertical milling machine until the thickness is 10 mm. And (3) processing the milled flat plate by adopting stirring friction, wherein the rotating speed of a stirring pin is 800 revolutions per minute, the advancing speed is 90mm per minute, and single-pass stirring friction processing is carried out. Putting the processed plate into a box furnace, carrying out solution treatment at 530 ℃ for 4h, quenching, keeping the temperature at 175 ℃ for 6h, and cooling in air.
The mechanical property of the aluminum-silicon alloy prepared by the method at room temperature is as follows: the tensile strength is 419MPa, and the elongation is 14.7%.
Various other modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art based on the above-described technical solutions and concepts, and all such modifications and changes should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for processing and strengthening hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy by stirring friction is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding aluminum and aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy into a smelting furnace, heating until the aluminum and the aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy are completely melted, adding pure magnesium, uniformly stirring after melting, adding a refining agent, standing, removing slag, and then pouring and forming to prepare a hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy plate;
(2) milling two sides of the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy plate until the thickness is 9-11 mm;
(3) carrying out single-pass friction stir processing on the alloy plate at a rotating speed of 600-1200 r/min and a traveling speed of 40-90 mm/min;
(4) carrying out solution heat treatment and aging heat treatment on the processed plate to obtain a strengthened hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy;
the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy in the step (1) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.5-7.5% of Si, 0.25-0.45% of Mg and the balance of Al.
2. The method for friction stir processing of a strengthened hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the Al-Si intermediate alloy is Al-20Si, namely the mass percentage of Si is 20%.
3. The method for friction stir processing of a strengthened hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the heating temperature of the smelting furnace is 750-850 ℃, and the standing time is 5-10min after the refining agent is added.
4. The method for friction stir processing of a strengthened hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the temperature of the solution heat treatment is 510-540 ℃, and the time is 4-10 h.
5. The method for friction stir processing of a strengthened hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the temperature of the aging heat treatment is 150-175 ℃, and the time is 4-8 h.
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| JP2002178170A (en) * | 2000-12-19 | 2002-06-25 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Different thick blank, and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103361581A (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2013-10-23 | 西安交通大学 | Preparation method of silicon-aluminum alloy |
| CN105568036B (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2017-05-17 | 合肥工业大学 | Preparing method of high-silicon aluminum composite material |
| CN105543584B (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2017-07-04 | 北京航空航天大学 | The method that gravitational casting prepares high-strength high-plastic high-ductility hypoeutectic al-si alloy material with hot-extrudable group technology |
| CN108772667A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-09 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | A kind of friction stir welding method of track vehicle body aluminium alloy sheet |
| CN108823440B (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2020-06-26 | 江苏大学 | Preparation method and application of hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy plate blank |
| CN109706350A (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2019-05-03 | 安徽信息工程学院 | A kind of alumina-base material and preparation method thereof |
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