CN110117495B - Cow dung-based machine-made charcoal and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Cow dung-based machine-made charcoal and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN110117495B
CN110117495B CN201910386297.2A CN201910386297A CN110117495B CN 110117495 B CN110117495 B CN 110117495B CN 201910386297 A CN201910386297 A CN 201910386297A CN 110117495 B CN110117495 B CN 110117495B
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stage
raw material
cow dung
temperature
material rod
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CN110117495A (en
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王智华
李义
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Pingshan Fenglaishun Cultivation Farmers' Specialized Cooperatives
Chengdu Yihai Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute LP
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Pingshan Fenglaishun Cultivation Farmers' Specialized Cooperatives
Chengdu Yihai Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute LP
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/08—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form in the form of briquettes, lumps and the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
    • C10B57/10—Drying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/42—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on animal substances or products obtained therefrom, e.g. manure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses cow dung based machine-made charcoal and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises three stages of drying, forming and carbonizing, and through adjusting the raw material composition and the preparation process of the cow dung based machine-made charcoal, the energy consumption of the raw material during drying, forming and carbonizing can be reduced, the carbonization degree of the machine-made charcoal can be improved, so that the prepared machine-made charcoal has excellent comprehensive performance, and has positive effects on large-scale production and application of the cow dung based machine-made charcoal.

Description

Cow dung-based machine-made charcoal and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of environment-friendly and energy-saving materials, in particular to cow dung-based machine-made charcoal and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The machine-made charcoal, also called artificial charcoal, regenerated charcoal and smokeless clean charcoal, is a carbon rod-like object made by extruding and processing wood particles. The raw materials of the machine-made carbon are wide in source, the rice hulls, the peanut shells, the cotton shells, the corncobs, the corn stalks, the sorghum stalks and the like can be used as the raw materials to produce the machine-made carbon, and the quality of the machine-made carbon produced by taking sawdust, wood shavings and bamboo filings as the raw materials is optimal. The machine-made charcoal has the advantages of high density, high heat value, no smoke, no odor, no pollution, no explosion and flammability, and is a green and environment-friendly product recognized internationally.
At present, the main raw materials for producing the machine-made carbon in China are sawdust, peanut shells, various straws and the like, although the main raw materials have the advantages of wide raw material sources and low cost, the sawdust, the peanut shells and the various straws contain a large amount of non-wood fiber organic components, so that the content of oxyhydrogen elements is high, the loss of raw material rods after carbonization is large, and the obtained machine-made carbon has low density, low heat value and short combustion time; meanwhile, the saw dust, the peanut shells and various straws have different lengths and high porosity, so that the difficulty of crushing and compression molding in the preparation process is increased, the production cost is increased, and the large-scale production and application of the machine-made charcoal are not facilitated.
Cow dung is called as 'Jiu Wa' in Tibetan language, and the 'Jiu Wa' has been used as fuel for cooking tea and rice for thousands of years in Tibetan, and is still regarded as the best fuel by vast farmers and herdsmen living in the plateau of snow region till now, and the main component of the cow dung is wood fiber, and the basic material for producing the machine-made charcoal is wood fiber, so that the cow dung is used as one of raw materials for producing the machine-made charcoal, a new raw material for producing the machine-made charcoal by people is provided, and the environmental problem caused by the large amount of discharged cow dung is solved. However, in the experimental process of using cow dung to make the machine-made charcoal, the cow dung belongs to cow excrement, nutrient substances which can be absorbed and utilized in the feed are lost, the excrement is wood fiber which is difficult to digest and utilize and has high purity, and the fineness of the wood fiber in the cow dung is small after the grinding and digestion treatment of the teeth and intestines and stomach of the cow; therefore, the cow dung-based machine-made carbon prepared by the existing machine-made carbon preparation method has the defects of high energy consumption, small carbonization degree of products, low yield and the like, and greatly limits the large-scale production and application of the cow dung-based machine-made carbon.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of high energy consumption and small carbonization degree of products of cow dung-based machine-made carbon prepared by the conventional machine-made carbon preparation method, and provides the cow dung-based machine-made carbon and the preparation method thereof.
In order to realize the aim, the invention provides a preparation method of cow dung-based machine-made charcoal, which comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) drying: sequentially performing first-stage drying treatment, second-stage drying treatment and third-stage drying treatment on the raw materials to obtain a dried material with the water content of 8-12%;
(2) molding: molding the dried material to obtain a product with a density of 1.3-1.5g/cm3The raw material rod of (1);
(3) carbonizing: sequentially carrying out a preheating stage, a draining stage, a carbonizing stage, a heat preservation stage and a cooling stage on the raw material rod to obtain cow dung-based machine-made charcoal; the carbonization stage, the heat preservation stage and the cooling stage are all carried out in an oxygen-isolated environment.
Wherein the raw material in the step (1) is mainly cow dung; preferably, the raw materials comprise 70-90wt% of cow dung, 5-25wt% of porous materials and 1-5wt% of binders; the optimized raw material has lower energy consumption during drying, molding and carbonization, and simultaneously can form micropores in the raw material rod, thereby not only leading the raw material rod to be heated more uniformly and reducing the carbonization difficulty in the carbonization process, but also leading the contact surface of the generated machine-made carbon and air to be increased, leading the combustion to be more sufficient and leading the heat release amount to be more in unit time; most preferably, the raw material comprises 85wt% of cow dung, 12wt% of porous material and 3wt% of binder
Wherein, preferably, the porous material in the raw material comprises one or more of rice hull, peanut shell, cotton hull, corncob, cornstalk, sorghum stalk and vinasse; the preferred porous material has wide sources and low cost.
Wherein, the binder in the raw material is preferably nitrogen-free extract; the nitrogen-free extract can coat wood fibers in the cow dung, so that the forming of the cow dung is facilitated, the energy consumption of the forming of the cow dung raw material rod can be reduced, the breakage probability of the formed raw material rod is reduced, and the yield is increased; preferably, the nitrogen-free extract is starch; the starch has wide source and low cost.
Wherein, the temperature of the first-stage drying treatment in the step (1) is preferably 600-800 ℃; the temperature of the second-stage drying treatment is 200-400 ℃; the temperature of the third-stage drying treatment is 150-200 ℃; the optimized drying temperature can prevent nitrogen-free extract in the cow dung from being damaged by high temperature, so that the raw material is easier to form, and the obtained machine-made carbon has better comprehensive performance.
Wherein, the water content in the dry material in the step (1) is preferably 10%. The preferable water content of the dried material has less drying energy consumption, easier molding and lower energy consumption.
Wherein, the temperature of the forming treatment in the step (2) is preferably 210 ℃ and 250 ℃, and the pressure is preferably 0.3-0.5 KPa; and under the preferable forming condition, the energy consumption is lower.
Wherein, preferably, the density of the raw material rod in the step (2) is 1.4g/cm3(ii) a The optimized raw material rod has lower energy consumption for density molding and carbonization, shorter carbonization time and higher carbonization degree, and the prepared machine-made carbon has better comprehensive performance.
Wherein, preferably, the temperature rising speed of the preheating stage in the step (3) is 0.5-1.0 ℃/min, and the temperature end point is 115-; the temperature rise speed in the drainage stage is 1.5-2.0 ℃/min, and the temperature end point is 275-; the temperature rise speed in the carbonization stage is 1.0-1.5 ℃/min, and the temperature end point is 440-460 ℃; the temperature reduction speed in the heat preservation stage is 0.2-0.4 ℃/min, and the temperature end point is 430-; the optimal carbonization treatment conditions ensure that the energy consumption is lower when the raw material rod is carbonized, the carbonization time is shorter, the carbonization degree is higher, the raw material rod can be ensured not to break, and the yield of the obtained machine-made carbon is high.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention further provides the cow dung-based machine-made carbon, which is prepared by the method, has the advantages of high heat value, high carbonization degree and low cost, and is favorable for large-scale popularization and application of the cow dung-based machine-made carbon.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the preparation method of the invention adjusts the composition of the raw materials, so that the energy consumption is lower in the preparation process of the cow dung-based machine-made charcoal, and the large-scale production of the cow dung-based machine-made charcoal is facilitated.
2. The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the obtained cow dung-based machine-made carbon has higher carbonization degree and better comprehensive performance by adjusting the preparation process, and is beneficial to large-scale application of the cow dung-based machine-made carbon.
3. The preparation method is simple and reliable, has low energy consumption, and is suitable for large-scale production of cow dung-based machine-made charcoal.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to test examples and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter is not limited to the following examples, and any techniques implemented based on the disclosure of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) And (3) drying: uniformly mixing 85wt% of cow dung, 12wt% of vinasse and 3wt% of starch to obtain a raw material, and sequentially performing first-stage drying treatment at 700 ℃ for 3min, second-stage drying treatment at 300 ℃ for 10min and third-stage drying treatment at 180 ℃ for 15min to obtain a dried material with the water content of 9.5%;
(2) molding: molding the dried material at 230 deg.C and 0.4KPa to obtain a density of 1.41g/cm3The raw material rod of (1);
(3) carbonizing: a preheating stage: heating the raw material rod to 120 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.8 ℃/min, and carrying out preheating treatment to obtain a preheated raw material rod; a drainage stage: heating the preheated raw material rod to 280 ℃ at the heating rate of 1.8 ℃/min, and discharging to obtain a discharged raw material rod; and (3) a carbonization stage: heating the drainage raw material rod to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 1.2 ℃/min under the condition of isolating oxygen, and carrying out carbonization treatment to obtain a carbonized raw material rod; and (3) a heat preservation stage: cooling the carbonized raw material rod to 420 ℃ at the speed of 0.3 ℃/min under the condition of isolating oxygen, and carrying out heat preservation treatment to obtain a crude product of the machine-made carbon; and (3) a cooling stage: and cooling the crude product of the machine-made carbon to normal temperature under the condition of isolating oxygen to obtain a finished product of the cow dung-based machine-made carbon.
Example 2
(1) And (3) drying: uniformly mixing 70wt% of cow dung, 25wt% of rice hull and 5wt% of starch to obtain a raw material, and sequentially performing first-stage drying treatment at 650 ℃ for 1min, second-stage drying treatment at 250 ℃ for 3min and third-stage drying treatment at 160 ℃ for 10min to obtain a dried material with the water content of 8.5%;
(2) molding: molding the dried material at 210 deg.C and 0.5KPa to obtain a density of 1.34g/cm3The raw material rod of (1);
(3) carbonizing: a preheating stage: heating the raw material rod to 115 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/min, and carrying out preheating treatment to obtain a preheated raw material rod; a drainage stage: heating the preheated raw material rod to 275 ℃ at the heating rate of 1.5 ℃/min, and discharging to obtain a discharged raw material rod; and (3) a carbonization stage: heating the drainage raw material rod to 440 ℃ at a heating rate of 1.0 ℃/min under the condition of isolating oxygen, and carrying out carbonization treatment to obtain a carbonized raw material rod; and (3) a heat preservation stage: cooling the carbonized raw material rod to 430 ℃ at the speed of 0.2 ℃/min under the condition of isolating oxygen, and carrying out heat preservation treatment to obtain a crude product of the machine-made carbon; and (3) a cooling stage: and cooling the crude product of the machine-made carbon to normal temperature under the condition of isolating oxygen to obtain a finished product of the cow dung-based machine-made carbon.
Example 3
(1) And (3) drying: uniformly mixing 90wt% of cow dung, 9wt% of vinasse and 1wt% of starch to obtain a raw material, and sequentially performing first-stage drying treatment at 800 ℃ for 5min, second-stage drying treatment at 400 ℃ for 12min and third-stage drying treatment at 200 ℃ for 18min to obtain a dried material with the water content of 11.3%;
(2) molding: molding the dried material at 240 deg.C and 0.35KPa to obtain a density of 1.46g/cm3The raw material rod of (1);
(3) carbonizing: a preheating stage: heating the raw material rod to 125 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/min, and carrying out preheating treatment to obtain a preheated raw material rod; a drainage stage: heating the preheated raw material rod to 285 ℃ at the heating rate of 2.0 ℃/min, and discharging to obtain a discharged raw material rod; and (3) a carbonization stage: heating the drainage raw material rod to 460 ℃ at a heating rate of 1.5 ℃/min under the condition of isolating oxygen, and carrying out carbonization treatment to obtain a carbonized raw material rod; and (3) a heat preservation stage: cooling the carbonized raw material rod to 410 ℃ at the speed of 0.4 ℃/min under the condition of isolating oxygen, and carrying out heat preservation treatment to obtain a crude product of the machine-made carbon; and (3) a cooling stage: and cooling the crude product of the machine-made carbon to normal temperature under the condition of isolating oxygen to obtain a finished product of the cow dung-based machine-made carbon.
Comparative example 1
(1) And (3) drying: taking cow dung with 50% of water content as a raw material, and sequentially performing first-stage drying treatment at 700 ℃ for 6min, second-stage drying treatment at 300 ℃ for 18min and third-stage drying treatment at 180 ℃ for 25min on the raw material to obtain a dried material with 10.3% of water content;
(2) molding: molding the dried material at 260 deg.C and 0.7KPa to obtain a density of 1.52g/cm3The raw material rod of (1);
(3) carbonizing: a preheating stage: heating the raw material rod to 120 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.8 ℃/min, and carrying out preheating treatment to obtain a preheated raw material rod; a drainage stage: heating the preheated raw material rod to 280 ℃ at the heating rate of 1.8 ℃/min, and discharging to obtain a discharged raw material rod; and (3) a carbonization stage: heating the drainage raw material rod to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 1.2 ℃/min under the condition of isolating oxygen, and carrying out carbonization treatment to obtain a carbonized raw material rod; and (3) a heat preservation stage: cooling the carbonized raw material rod to 420 ℃ at the speed of 0.3 ℃/min under the condition of isolating oxygen, and carrying out heat preservation treatment to obtain a crude product of the machine-made carbon; and (3) a cooling stage: and cooling the crude product of the machine-made carbon to normal temperature under the condition of isolating oxygen to obtain a finished product of the cow dung-based machine-made carbon.
Comparative example 2
(1) And (3) drying: uniformly mixing 85wt% of cow dung, 12wt% of vinasse and 3wt% of starch to obtain a raw material, and directly drying the raw material at 180 ℃ for 85min to obtain a dried material with 11.4% of water content;
(2) molding: molding the dried material at 230 deg.C and 0.4KPa to obtain a density of 1.43g/cm3The raw material rod of (1);
(3) carbonizing: a preheating stage: heating the raw material rod to 120 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.8 ℃/min, and carrying out preheating treatment to obtain a preheated raw material rod; a drainage stage: heating the preheated raw material rod to 280 ℃ at the heating rate of 1.8 ℃/min, and discharging to obtain a discharged raw material rod; and (3) a carbonization stage: heating the drainage raw material rod to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 1.2 ℃/min under the condition of isolating oxygen, and carrying out carbonization treatment to obtain a carbonized raw material rod; and (3) a heat preservation stage: cooling the carbonized raw material rod to 420 ℃ at the speed of 0.3 ℃/min under the condition of isolating oxygen, and carrying out heat preservation treatment to obtain a crude product of the machine-made carbon; and (3) a cooling stage: and cooling the crude product of the machine-made carbon to normal temperature under the condition of isolating oxygen to obtain a finished product of the cow dung-based machine-made carbon.
Comparative example 3
(1) And (3) drying: uniformly mixing 65wt% of cow dung, 30wt% of vinasse and 5wt% of starch to obtain a raw material, and sequentially performing first-stage drying treatment at 700 ℃ for 3min, second-stage drying treatment at 300 ℃ for 10min and third-stage drying treatment at 180 ℃ for 15min to obtain a dried material with the water content of 8.1%;
(2) molding: molding the dried material at 230 deg.C and 0.6KPa to obtain a density of 1.32g/cm3The raw material rod of (1);
(3) carbonizing: a preheating stage: heating the raw material rod to 120 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.8 ℃/min, and carrying out preheating treatment to obtain a preheated raw material rod; a drainage stage: heating the preheated raw material rod to 280 ℃ at the heating rate of 1.8 ℃/min, and discharging to obtain a discharged raw material rod; and (3) a carbonization stage: heating the drainage raw material rod to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 1.2 ℃/min under the condition of isolating oxygen, and carrying out carbonization treatment to obtain a carbonized raw material rod; and (3) a heat preservation stage: cooling the carbonized raw material rod to 420 ℃ at the speed of 0.3 ℃/min under the condition of isolating oxygen, and carrying out heat preservation treatment to obtain a crude product of the machine-made carbon; and (3) a cooling stage: and cooling the crude product of the machine-made carbon to normal temperature under the condition of isolating oxygen to obtain a finished product of the cow dung-based machine-made carbon.
Comparative example 4
(1) And (3) drying: uniformly mixing 80wt% of cow dung, 12wt% of vinasse and 8wt% of starch to obtain a raw material, and sequentially performing first-stage drying treatment at 700 ℃ for 3min, second-stage drying treatment at 300 ℃ for 10min and third-stage drying treatment at 180 ℃ for 15min to obtain a dried material with water content of 9.5%;
(2) molding: molding the dried material at 200 deg.C and 0.2KPa to obtain a density of 1.41g/cm3The raw material rod of (1);
(3) carbonizing: a preheating stage: heating the raw material rod to 120 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.8 ℃/min, and carrying out preheating treatment to obtain a preheated raw material rod; a drainage stage: heating the preheated raw material rod to 280 ℃ at the heating rate of 1.8 ℃/min, and discharging to obtain a discharged raw material rod; and (3) a carbonization stage: heating the drainage raw material rod to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 1.2 ℃/min under the condition of isolating oxygen, and carrying out carbonization treatment to obtain a carbonized raw material rod; and (3) a heat preservation stage: cooling the carbonized raw material rod to 420 ℃ at the speed of 0.3 ℃/min under the condition of isolating oxygen, and carrying out heat preservation treatment to obtain a crude product of the machine-made carbon; and (3) a cooling stage: and cooling the crude product of the machine-made carbon to normal temperature under the condition of isolating oxygen to obtain a finished product of the cow dung-based machine-made carbon.
Comparative example 5
(1) And (3) drying: uniformly mixing 85wt% of cow dung, 12wt% of vinasse and 3wt% of starch to obtain a raw material, and sequentially performing first-stage drying treatment at 700 ℃ for 3min, second-stage drying treatment at 300 ℃ for 10min and third-stage drying treatment at 180 ℃ for 15min to obtain a dried material with water content of 9.5%;
(2) molding: molding the dried material at 230 deg.C and 0.4KPa to obtain a density of 1.41g/cm3The raw material rod of (1);
(3) carbonizing: a preheating stage: heating the raw material rod to 120 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.8 ℃/min, and carrying out preheating treatment to obtain a preheated raw material rod; a drainage stage: heating the preheated raw material rod to 280 ℃ at the heating rate of 1.8 ℃/min, and discharging to obtain a discharged raw material rod; and (3) a carbonization stage: heating the drainage raw material rod to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.5 ℃/min under the condition of isolating oxygen, and carrying out carbonization treatment to obtain a carbonized raw material rod; and (3) a cooling stage: and cooling the carbonized raw material rod to normal temperature under the condition of isolating oxygen to obtain the cow dung-based machine-made carbon finished product.
The total energy consumption cost of the cow dung-based machine-made charcoal prepared in the above examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-5 was counted, and the obtained product was subjected to performance test (GB/T 17664-:
serial number Total heat value (J/g) Density (g/cm)3） Ash (%) Moisture (%) Fixed carbon (%) Degree of refining Total energy cost (Yuan/100 kg)
Example 1 31667 1.22 4.56 6.87 87.36 5-6 46.2
Example 2 31145 1.22 4.87 6.13 87.27 5-6 45.5
Example 3 32764 1.23 4.25 7.12 87.57 5-6 47.1
Comparative example 1 30276 1.26 4.83 7.51 86.35 6-8 56.6
Comparative example 2 31442 1.22 4.25 6.84 87.24 5-6 54.3
Comparative example 3 28943 1.19 5.61 5.83 84.28 5-6 47.8
Comparative example 4 29168 1.20 5.76 6.81 83.43 6-7 48.2
Comparative example 5 31364 1.22 4.25 6.74 87.26 6-7 58.3
According to the detection and statistical results, the machine-made carbon prepared by the method disclosed by the embodiments 1-3 has the advantages of high carbonization degree and low energy consumption, the total heat value, the density, the ash content, the moisture content and the fixed carbon content of the machine-made carbon also meet the relevant regulations of the machine-made carbon, and the comprehensive performance is excellent; in the comparative example 1, the cow dung is completely used as the raw material, so that the preparation energy consumption is obviously increased, and meanwhile, the carbonization degree is obviously reduced; in comparative example 2, constant temperature drying was directly adopted, and although a dried material meeting the requirements could be obtained, the drying time and drying energy consumption were significantly increased; in comparative example 3, the added amount of the vinasse is excessive, the forming energy consumption is increased although the drying energy consumption is reduced, the total energy consumption is not greatly different, the comprehensive performance of the obtained machine-made carbon is remarkably reduced, and the quality of the machine-made carbon is remarkably reduced; in comparative example 4, the binder dosage was too large, although molding was easier and molding energy consumption was lower, the carbon content in the obtained machine-made carbon was low and the calorific value was significantly reduced; in comparative example 5, when the raw material rod is carbonized, the carbonization stage is directly used for replacing the heat preservation stage, thereby obviously increasing the energy consumption of carbonization.

Claims (7)

1. A preparation method of cow dung-based machine-made charcoal is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) and (3) drying: sequentially performing first-stage drying treatment, second-stage drying treatment and third-stage drying treatment on the raw materials to obtain a dried material with the water content of 8-12%; the temperature of the first-stage drying treatment is 600-800 ℃; the temperature of the second-stage drying treatment is 200-400 ℃; the temperature of the third-stage drying treatment is 150-200 ℃;
(2) molding: molding the dried material to obtain a product with a density of 1.3-1.5g/cm3The raw material rod of (1);
(3) carbonizing: sequentially carrying out a preheating stage, a draining stage, a carbonizing stage, a heat preservation stage and a cooling stage on the raw material rod to obtain cow dung-based machine-made charcoal; the carbonization stage, the heat preservation stage and the cooling stage are all carried out in an oxygen-isolated environment; the temperature rise speed in the preheating stage is 0.5-1.0 ℃/min, and the temperature end point is 115-125 ℃; the temperature rise speed in the drainage stage is 1.5-2.0 ℃/min, and the temperature end point is 275-; the temperature rise speed in the carbonization stage is 1.0-1.5 ℃/min, and the temperature end point is 440-460 ℃; the temperature reduction speed in the heat preservation stage is 0.2-0.4 ℃/min, and the temperature end point is 430-;
the raw material in the step (1) comprises 70-90wt% of cow dung, 5-25wt% of porous material and 1-5wt% of binder.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the porous material comprises one or more of rice hulls, peanut hulls, cotton hulls, corn cobs, corn stover, sorghum straw, and distillers grains.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the binder is a nitrogen-free extract.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the water content in the dried material in the step (1) is 10%.
5. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the molding treatment in the step (2) is 210 ℃ and 250 ℃ and the pressure is 0.3 to 0.5 KPa.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the raw material rod of the step (2) has a density of 1.4g/cm3。
7. A cow dung-based machine-made charcoal, which is characterized by being prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
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