CN110113163A - Free space continuous variable quantum key delivering method and system - Google Patents
Free space continuous variable quantum key delivering method and system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0819—Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0861—Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0869—Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords involving random numbers or seeds
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of free space continuous variable quantum key delivering method and systems, it include: to be modulated using Gaussian modulation to quantum signal light, modulated quantum signal light is obtained coupling light with local oscillator optical coupling, the coupling light is sent by free space channel；The coupling light is received, the quantum signal light in the coupling light is separated with local oscillator light；The isolated local oscillator light of fetching portion, isolated quantum signal light is corrected according to the Wave-front phase of local oscillator light.The present invention can weaken the influence of atmospheric effect, promote continuous variable quantum key distribution performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a free space Gaussian modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution method and system based on adaptive optics.
Background
Continuous variable quantum key distribution is a technology different from traditional communication, and the unconditional safety of communication is realized mainly by using an uncertainty principle and a quantum state unclonable theorem. Due to the potential advantage that the quantum key distribution method is compatible with the existing optical communication technology, the fiber channel continuous variable quantum key distribution attracts many scientific researchers to participate in research. In order to better integrate and develop free space continuous variable quantum key distribution as an important component for constructing a global quantum key distribution network, research on continuous variable quantum key distribution under a free space channel has become one of research hotspots of continuous variable quantum key distribution in recent years.
Patent publication No. CN109510701A discloses a continuous variable quantum key distribution apparatus and method, the apparatus including: the system comprises a light source, a modulation unit, a first random number generator and a processor; the processor is used for obtaining a first data sequence according to a preset modulation format symbol number, the distribution probability of each symbol and a first random number sequence generated by the first random number generator; obtaining a second data sequence according to the first data sequence; the modulation unit is used for modulating the signal sent by the light source according to the first data sequence and outputting a second optical signal which does not need to include 2 required by the existing Gaussian protocol8×28The number of quantum states of magnitude is low in realization difficulty.
Compared with the distribution of the continuous variable quantum key of the optical fiber channel, the distribution mode of the continuous variable quantum key of the free space channel has the natural advantages that: the method has the advantages of no need of a specific transmission medium, convenience of radio communication, no influence of birefringence effect on photon propagation in the atmosphere, low channel noise, low atmosphere density when the height is increased, sharp reduction of photon transmission loss and the like.
However, the distribution of the free space continuous variable quantum key has a plurality of problems at present. Atmospheric influences such as air flow, scattering, climate, etc. have prevented significant progress in free-space continuous variable quantum key distribution. Especially, when laser is transmitted in the atmosphere, the laser is easily affected by the atmospheric turbulence, which causes the wave front of the transmitted light beam to fluctuate randomly, and causes the atmospheric turbulence effects such as light spot drift, intensity fluctuation (flicker), and the like, so that the quality of the transmitted light beam is reduced, thereby causing the performance of the communication system to be reduced, and seriously affecting the system performance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a free space continuous variable quantum key distribution method and a system.
The invention provides a free space continuous variable quantum key distribution method, which comprises the following steps:
a quantum signal transmission step: modulating quantum signal light by using Gaussian modulation, coupling the modulated quantum signal light with a local oscillator to obtain coupled light, and transmitting the coupled light through a free space channel;
quantum signal receiving: receiving the coupled light, and separating quantum signal light from local oscillation light in the coupled light;
an adaptive optics processing step: and acquiring partial separated local oscillator light, and correcting the separated quantum signal light according to the wave front phase of the local oscillator light.
Preferably, in the quantum signal sending step, the light beam generated by the laser passes through a beam splitter with a beam splitting ratio of 99:1 to obtain 1% of quantum signal light and 99% of local oscillator light, then the intensity modulator and the phase modulator are used to complete gaussian modulation on the quantum signal light, and the modulated quantum signal light and the local oscillator light are optically coupled through polarization multiplexing and time division multiplexing.
Preferably, two sets of random numbers are used: a group of random numbers obey Rayleigh distribution and are used for intensity modulation of quantum signal light; another set of random numbers is subjected to a uniform distribution for phase modulation of the quantum signal light.
Preferably, in the quantum signal receiving step, polarization compensation is performed on the received coupled light through a dynamic polarization controller, then quantum signal light and local oscillation light in the coupled light are separated through time division and polarization demultiplexing, and a beam splitter is used to separate part of the local oscillation light for the adaptive optics processing step.
Preferably, in the adaptive optics processing step, local oscillator light obtained by partial separation is acquired, wavefront measurement is performed through a wavefront sensor, a wavefront phase is reconstructed through a wavefront reconstruction algorithm, and the wavefront phase obtained by the wavefront sensor is converted into a control signal of a wavefront corrector through a wavefront controller through a control algorithm, so that the wavefront corrector is driven to correct the wavefront shape of quantum signal light obtained by separation.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
quantum signal measurement: performing homodyne detection on the corrected quantum signal light and local oscillator light to obtain measurement data;
post-treatment: and processing the measured data to obtain a coarse key, and then obtaining a final key through key agreement and privacy enhancement.
The invention provides a free space continuous variable quantum key distribution system, which comprises:
the quantum signal transmitting module: modulating quantum signal light by using Gaussian modulation, coupling the modulated quantum signal light with a local oscillator to obtain coupled light, and transmitting the coupled light through a free space channel;
the quantum signal receiving module: receiving the coupled light, and separating quantum signal light from local oscillation light in the coupled light;
an adaptive optics processing module: and acquiring partial separated local oscillator light, and correcting the separated quantum signal light according to the wave front phase of the local oscillator light.
Preferably, in the quantum signal transmitting module, the light beam generated by the laser passes through a beam splitter with a beam splitting ratio of 99:1 to obtain 1% of quantum signal light and 99% of local oscillator light, then the intensity modulator and the phase modulator are used to complete gaussian modulation on the quantum signal light, and the modulated quantum signal light and the local oscillator light are optically coupled through polarization multiplexing and time division multiplexing.
Preferably, in the quantum signal receiving module, polarization compensation is performed on the received coupled light through a dynamic polarization controller, then quantum signal light and local oscillation light in the coupled light are separated through time division and polarization demultiplexing, and a beam splitter is used to separate part of the local oscillation light for the adaptive optics processing module.
Preferably, in the adaptive optics processing module, local oscillator light obtained by partial separation is acquired, wavefront measurement is performed through a wavefront sensor, a wavefront phase is reconstructed through a wavefront reconstruction algorithm, and the wavefront phase obtained by the wavefront sensor is converted into a control signal of a wavefront corrector through a wavefront controller through a control algorithm, so that the wavefront corrector is driven to correct the wavefront shape of quantum signal light obtained by separation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the self-adaptive optics can measure in real time and correct the quantum signal optical wavefront distortion caused by the atmospheric effect by using the wavefront corrector, so that the system performance is improved, the influence of the atmospheric effect can be weakened, and the distribution performance of the continuous variable quantum key can be improved.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a free space continuous variable quantum key distribution method provided in the present invention includes:
a quantum signal transmission step: and modulating the quantum signal light by using Gaussian modulation, coupling the modulated quantum signal light with a local oscillator to obtain coupled light, and transmitting the coupled light through a free space channel.
Quantum signal receiving: and receiving the coupled light, and separating the quantum signal light from the local oscillation light in the coupled light.
An adaptive optics processing step: and acquiring partial separated local oscillator light, and correcting the separated quantum signal light according to the wave front phase of the local oscillator light.
Quantum signal measurement: and performing homodyne detection on the corrected quantum signal light and the local oscillator light to obtain measurement data delta i.
Post-treatment: and processing the measurement data delta i to obtain a coarse key, and then obtaining a final key through key agreement and privacy enhancement.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the symbols in the drawings are explained as follows:
BS: a beam splitter; PBS: a polarizing beam splitter; DPC: a dynamic polarization controller; FM: a Faraday mirror; PM: a phase modulator; HD: homodyne detection:
t is channel transmittance, P is probability corresponding to the channel transmittance, epsilon is over noise, η is detection efficiency, v is over noised: detecting end noise; xA/B: a canonical position; pA/B: regular momentum; a. the0,A,B0,B,B1,B2,F0F, G: quantum state
WFS: a wavefront sensor: WFC: a wavefront controller; DM: deformable mirror
A transmitting end enables a light beam generated by a laser to pass through a beam splitter with a beam splitting ratio of 99:1 to obtain quantum signal light (1%) and local oscillator light (99%), then Gaussian modulation on the quantum signal light is completed by using an intensity modulator and a phase modulator, the modulated quantum signal light and the local oscillator light are coupled through polarization multiplexing and time division multiplexing, and the coupled light is transmitted to a receiving end through a free space channel by means of a transmitting telescope. Two sets of random numbers were used: a group of random numbers obey Rayleigh distribution and are used for intensity modulation of quantum signal light; another set of random numbers is subjected to a uniform distribution for phase modulation of the quantum signal light.
Quantum signal light representation as
The modulated quantum signal light is expressed as
Wherein,in order to be a quantum signal optical field,is a quantum signal light field after Gaussian modulation, r is a position vector from a coordinate origin to a place where the field intensity is measured, k is a wave vector, i is an imaginary unit, t is time, omegakIs the angular frequency, epsilon0Is dielectric constant, V0And VsIn the form of a model volume,to approximate Planck constant, VπIs a half-wave voltage of a phase modulator, VbIs the bias voltage of the intensity modulator, AτAnd phiτ(τ ═ {1,2, …, N }, where N is a random number) are gaussian modulated amplitude random number and phase random number, respectively,in order to generate the operator(s),in order to annihilate the operator,for the generation operator after the gaussian modulation,is the annihilation operator after gaussian modulation.
The receiving end carries out polarization compensation on the received coupling signal through a dynamic polarization controller, then separates the quantum signal light from the local oscillation light through time division and polarization demultiplexing, and then separates out part of the local oscillation light by utilizing a beam splitter and sends the part of the local oscillation light into a self-adaptive optical system.
Quantum signal light passing through free space channelExpressed as:
wherein, VscIs a model volume，Andintensity fluctuations and phase distortions caused for free space channels.
The self-adaptive optical system mainly comprises a wavefront sensor, a wavefront controller and a wavefront corrector, wherein after a light beam passes through a free space channel, the wavefront sensor performs wavefront measurement on the light beam, then wavefront information is reconstructed through a wavefront restoration algorithm, a signal detected by the wavefront sensor is converted into a control signal of the wavefront corrector through the control algorithm by the wavefront controller, the wavefront corrector is driven to change the shape of the wavefront, so that the influence of various disturbances on the quality of the laser beam is effectively corrected, an output laser beam close to a diffraction limit is obtained, and finally the light beam corrected by the self-adaptive optical system is sent to a homodyne detector of a receiving end for measurement.
Corrected quantum signal lightExpressed as:
wherein, VscIn the form of a model volume,the phase of the wave front of the local oscillation light is detected for the wave front sensor in the adaptive optics system.
Preferably, said step 4, in particular:
the measurement data Δ i obtained by the homodyne detection is expressed as:
where θ is the modulation phase of the local oscillator light.
When the value of theta is equal to 0,
when theta is pi/2,
wherein,is a regular position of the quantum signal light,is the regular momentum of the quantum signal light.
On the basis of the above method for distributing the free space continuous variable quantum key, the present invention further provides a system for distributing the free space continuous variable quantum key, comprising:
the quantum signal transmitting module: modulating the quantum signal light by using Gaussian modulation, optically coupling the modulated quantum signal light with a local oscillator to obtain coupled light, and transmitting the coupled light through a free space channel;
the quantum signal receiving module: receiving the coupled light, and separating quantum signal light from local oscillation light in the coupled light;
an adaptive optics processing module: and acquiring partial separated local oscillator light, and correcting the separated quantum signal light according to the wave front phase of the local oscillator light.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in addition to implementing the system and its various devices, modules, units provided by the present invention as pure computer readable program code, the system and its various devices, modules, units provided by the present invention can be fully implemented by logically programming method steps in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers and the like. Therefore, the system and various devices, modules and units thereof provided by the invention can be regarded as a hardware component, and the devices, modules and units included in the system for realizing various functions can also be regarded as structures in the hardware component; means, modules, units for performing the various functions may also be regarded as structures within both software modules and hardware components for performing the method.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. A free space continuous variable quantum key distribution method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a quantum signal transmission step: modulating quantum signal light by using Gaussian modulation, coupling the modulated quantum signal light with a local oscillator to obtain coupled light, and transmitting the coupled light through a free space channel;
quantum signal receiving: receiving the coupled light, and separating quantum signal light from local oscillation light in the coupled light;
an adaptive optics processing step: and acquiring partial separated local oscillator light, and correcting the separated quantum signal light according to the wave front phase of the local oscillator light.
2. The method for distributing the free-space continuous variable quantum key according to claim 1, wherein in the quantum signal sending step, a beam generated by a laser is passed through a beam splitter with a beam splitting ratio of 99:1 to obtain 1% of quantum signal light and 99% of local oscillator light, then a gaussian modulation on the quantum signal light is completed by using an intensity modulator and a phase modulator, and the modulated quantum signal light and the local oscillator light are optically coupled by polarization multiplexing and time division multiplexing.
3. The free-space continuous variable quantum key distribution method of claim 2, wherein two sets of random numbers are used: a group of random numbers obey Rayleigh distribution and are used for intensity modulation of quantum signal light; another set of random numbers is subjected to a uniform distribution for phase modulation of the quantum signal light.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the quantum signal receiving step, the received coupled light is subjected to polarization compensation by a dynamic polarization controller, then quantum signal light and local oscillation light in the coupled light are separated by time division and polarization demultiplexing, and a beam splitter is used to separate part of the local oscillation light for the adaptive optics processing step.
5. The free space continuous variable quantum key distribution method according to claim 1, wherein in the adaptive optics processing step, local oscillation light obtained by partial separation is obtained, wavefront measurement is performed through a wavefront sensor, a wavefront phase is reconstructed through a wavefront reconstruction algorithm, and the wavefront phase obtained by the wavefront sensor is converted into a control signal of a wavefront corrector through a wavefront controller through a control algorithm, so that the wavefront corrector is driven to correct the wavefront shape of quantum signal light obtained by separation.
6. The free-space continuous variable quantum key distribution method of claim 1, further comprising:
quantum signal measurement: performing homodyne detection on the corrected quantum signal light and local oscillator light to obtain measurement data;
post-treatment: and processing the measured data to obtain a coarse key, and then obtaining a final key through key agreement and privacy enhancement.
7. A free-space continuous variable quantum key distribution system, comprising:
the quantum signal transmitting module: modulating quantum signal light by using Gaussian modulation, coupling the modulated quantum signal light with a local oscillator to obtain coupled light, and transmitting the coupled light through a free space channel;
the quantum signal receiving module: receiving the coupled light, and separating quantum signal light from local oscillation light in the coupled light;
an adaptive optics processing module: and acquiring partial separated local oscillator light, and correcting the separated quantum signal light according to the wave front phase of the local oscillator light.
8. The free-space continuous variable quantum key distribution system according to claim 7, wherein in the quantum signal transmission module, a beam generated by a laser is passed through a beam splitter with a beam splitting ratio of 99:1 to obtain 1% of quantum signal light and 99% of local oscillator light, then gaussian modulation on the quantum signal light is completed by using an intensity modulator and a phase modulator, and the modulated quantum signal light and the local oscillator light are optically coupled by polarization multiplexing and time division multiplexing.
9. The free-space continuous variable quantum key distribution system according to claim 7, wherein in the quantum signal receiving module, polarization compensation is performed on the received coupled light through a dynamic polarization controller, then quantum signal light and local oscillation light in the coupled light are separated through time division and polarization demultiplexing, and a beam splitter is used to separate part of the local oscillation light for the adaptive optics processing module.
10. The free space continuous variable quantum key distribution system of claim 7, wherein in the adaptive optics processing module, the local oscillator light obtained by partial separation is obtained, wavefront measurement is performed through a wavefront sensor, a wavefront phase is reconstructed through a wavefront reconstruction algorithm, and the wavefront phase obtained by the wavefront sensor is converted into a control signal of a wavefront corrector through a wavefront controller through a control algorithm, so that the wavefront corrector is driven to correct the wavefront shape of the quantum signal light obtained by separation.
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