CN110109091B - Passive radar parameter estimation method and device for high-speed target - Google Patents

Passive radar parameter estimation method and device for high-speed target Download PDF

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CN110109091B
CN110109091B CN201910436354.3A CN201910436354A CN110109091B CN 110109091 B CN110109091 B CN 110109091B CN 201910436354 A CN201910436354 A CN 201910436354A CN 110109091 B CN110109091 B CN 110109091B
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CN110109091A (en
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胡德秀
刘智鑫
刘成城
赵拥军
赵勇胜
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Information Engineering University of PLA Strategic Support Force
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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Abstract

The invention relates to a passive radar parameter estimation method and device for a high-speed target. The method comprises the steps of obtaining target signals received by two passive radars, and performing pulse compression on the two received signals by taking one of the signals as a reference signal; performing frequency domain transformation on the signals obtained by pulse compression in a fast time dimension, and performing frequency domain cross-correlation calculation on the signals obtained by the frequency domain transformation; carrying out scaling Fourier transform on the signals obtained by frequency domain cross-correlation in a slow time dimension to obtain a frequency domain transform result of the slow time dimension; the frequency domain transformation result of the slow time dimension is subjected to inverse Fourier transformation in a distance domain, a peak value is taken, and the initial distance difference of the two passive radars of the target speed and the target distance corresponding to the peak value is taken as a parameter estimation result, so that the joint estimation of the initial distance and the speed of the signal is realized, the signal form and the center frequency are not required to be known, the center frequency is not required to be estimated, and the obtained parameter estimation value is more accurate.

Description

Passive radar parameter estimation method and device for high-speed target
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of passive radar signal processing, in particular to a passive radar parameter estimation method and device for a high-speed target.
Background
The passive radar does not radiate electromagnetic waves, but directly receives the electromagnetic waves radiated by a target to carry out parameter estimation and positioning settlement, compared with an active radar system, the passive radar has the advantages of high concealment, good coverage, low operation and maintenance cost, no occupation of frequency spectrum resources and the like.
The parameter estimation precision is in direct proportion to the signal observation time, and the parameter estimation precision can be improved by prolonging the observation time, and weak target signal accumulation can be realized so as to facilitate moving target detection. However, for high-speed moving targets, such as ballistic missiles, hypersonic aircraft, high-altitude high-speed cruise missiles, close space vehicles and the like, the extension of the accumulation time causes range migration, so that the echo energy is dispersed, and the detection performance is deteriorated. Under the condition, the migration needs to be compensated, and then parameter estimation is carried out, which is the key point for realizing accurate parameter estimation of the passive radar under the long-time observation condition.
In the conventional parameter estimation algorithm, the center frequency of a target signal is required to be known when the migration is compensated, however, in practical situations, the center frequency of the target signal is difficult to be known when a passive radar detects a target, so that parameter estimation cannot be performed, and even if one center frequency is estimated according to conventional detection experience, the obtained parameter is very inaccurate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a passive radar parameter estimation method for a high-speed target, which is used for solving the problem that the center frequency of a target signal is not easy to obtain in the passive radar signal processing process, so that the parameter estimation result has errors; the invention also provides a passive radar parameter estimation device for the high-speed target, which is used for solving the problem that the center frequency of a target signal is not easy to obtain in the passive radar signal processing process, so that the parameter estimation result has errors.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a passive radar parameter estimation method for a high-speed target, comprising the steps of:
1) acquiring target signals received by two passive radars, and performing pulse compression on the two received signals by taking one of the signals as a reference signal;
2) performing frequency domain transformation on the signals obtained by pulse compression in a fast time dimension, and performing frequency domain cross-correlation calculation on the signals obtained by the frequency domain transformation;
3) carrying out scaling Fourier transform on the signals obtained by frequency domain cross-correlation in a slow time dimension to obtain a frequency domain transform result of the slow time dimension;
4) and performing inverse Fourier transform on the frequency domain transform result of the slow time dimension in a distance domain, taking a peak value of the inverse Fourier transform result, and taking the initial distance difference between the target speed and the target distance corresponding to the peak value as a parameter estimation result.
The method has the advantages that the problem of span unit generated in the accumulation process of the echo signal of the passive radar target is considered, the combined estimation of the initial distance and the speed of the signal is realized by utilizing the transform Fourier transform, so that the signal form and the center frequency do not need to be known in the calculation process, and the center frequency does not need to be estimated, so that the obtained parameter estimation value is relatively accurate.
Further, in order to simplify the subsequent calculation process, the target signals received by the two passive radars are respectively a first signal and a second signal, and the first signal r1(t,tm) And a second signal r2(t,tm) Are respectively expressed as
r1(t,tm)＝s(t)exp(j2πfct)+n1(t)
r2(t,tm)＝As(t-τ(tm))exp(j2πfc(t-τ(tm)))+n2(t)
Where t represents the fast time dimension, tmRepresenting the slow time dimension, A being the relative amplitude of the echo signals, fcFor the centre frequency of the signal transmitted by the target, j being the unit of an imaginary number, n1(t) and n2(t) represents the received signal noise of the first and second signals, respectively, the time delay for the target signal to reach the two passive radars being
Figure BDA0002070641790000031
Where c is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves, voIs the target signal speed, R0The initial range difference of the two passive radars is the target range.
Further, according to the definition of the first signal and the second signal, in order to simplify the calculation, the first signal is used as a reference signal in step 1), and the received two signals are subjected to pulse compression, wherein the pulse compression is performed to obtain the pulse compression
Figure BDA0002070641790000032
Substituting the expressions of the first signal and the second signal into the above expression, and neglecting noise to obtain
Figure BDA0002070641790000033
In the formula, A1For the amplitude of the signal after pulse compression, PrThe two paths of signals are subjected to pulse compression to form signal packets.
Further, in order to accurately perform frequency domain cross-correlation on the signals, in step 2), fast Fourier transform, namely frequency domain transform, is performed on the pulse compression delay time dimension t to obtain
Figure BDA0002070641790000034
Defining a frequency-domain cross-correlation as
Figure BDA0002070641790000035
Will Sc(f,tm) Substituting into the above formula to obtain
Figure BDA0002070641790000036
Since the signal already contains no f-terms, the frequency domain cross-correlation results in
Figure BDA0002070641790000037
In the formula, A2Is Sc(f,tm) Amplitude of (f)nIs a frequency delay factor.
Further, because the long-time accumulation technology is simple to implement, in the step 3), the frequency domain cross-correlation result is subjected to scaling Fourier transform in the slow time dimension to obtain a signal P (f)n,fm) The formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002070641790000041
in the formula (f)mIs tmThe pair of fourier transforms of (a) is,
Figure BDA0002070641790000042
represents a pair of RIFAF(fn,tm) Along with tmAnd (5) carrying out scaling Fourier transform, wherein xi is a scaling factor.
Further, to accurately consider the cross-range cell problem, signal P (f) is combined in step 4)n,fm) Inverse fourier transform is performed in the range domain as follows:
Figure BDA0002070641790000043
where δ is the impulse function, tnIs a frequency delay factor fnThe inverse fourier transformed time domain representation factor of (a).
Further, in order to accurately obtain the estimated parameters, the result G (t) of the inverse fourier transform in step 4) is subjected ton,fm) Take the peak value due to G (t)n,fm) At tnAnd fmThe dimension is composed of two impulse functions, so the position of the maximum is the peak, as follows:
Figure BDA0002070641790000044
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002070641790000045
and
Figure BDA0002070641790000046
are each R0And voEstimated value of, tn,maxAnd fm,maxRespectively is when G (t)n,fm) T at maximumnAnd fm；
Figure BDA0002070641790000047
And
Figure BDA0002070641790000048
as a result of the parameter estimation.
The invention provides a passive radar parameter estimation device for a high-speed target, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to realize the following steps:
1) acquiring target signals received by two passive radars, and performing pulse compression on the two received signals by taking one of the signals as a reference signal;
2) performing frequency domain transformation on the signals obtained by pulse compression in a fast time dimension, and performing frequency domain cross-correlation calculation on the signals obtained by the frequency domain transformation;
3) carrying out scaling Fourier transform on the signals obtained by frequency domain cross-correlation in a slow time dimension to obtain a frequency domain transform result of the slow time dimension;
4) and performing inverse Fourier transform on the frequency domain transform result of the slow time dimension in a distance domain, taking a peak value of the inverse Fourier transform result, and taking the initial distance difference between the target speed and the target distance corresponding to the peak value as a parameter estimation result.
The method has the advantages that the problem of span unit generated in the accumulation process of the echo signal of the passive radar target is considered, the combined estimation of the initial distance and the speed of the signal is realized by utilizing the transform Fourier transform, so that the signal form and the center frequency do not need to be known in the calculation process, and the center frequency does not need to be estimated, so that the obtained parameter estimation value is relatively accurate.
Further, in order to simplify the subsequent calculation process, the target signals received by the two passive radars of the device are respectively a first signal and a second signal, and the first signal r1(t,tm) And a second signal r2(t,tm) Are respectively expressed as
r1(t,tm)＝s(t)exp(j2πfct)+n1(t)
r2(t,tm)＝As(t-τ(tm))exp(j2πfc(t-τ(tm)))+n2(t)
Where t represents the fast time dimension, tmRepresenting the slow time dimension, A being the relative amplitude of the echo signals, fcFor the centre frequency of the signal transmitted by the target, j being the unit of an imaginary number, n1(t) and n2(t) represents the received signal noise of the first and second signals, respectively, the time delay for the target signal to reach the two passive radars being
Figure BDA0002070641790000061
Where c is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves, voIs the target signal speed, R0The initial range difference of the two passive radars is the target range.
Further, according to the definition of the first signal and the second signal, in order to simplify the calculation, the device performs pulse compression on the two received signals in step 1) by using the first signal as a reference signal, and the pulse compression is performed to
Figure BDA0002070641790000062
Substituting the expressions of the first signal and the second signal into the above expression, and neglecting noise to obtain
Figure BDA0002070641790000063
In the formula, A1For the amplitude of the signal after pulse compression, PrThe two paths of signals are subjected to pulse compression to form signal packets.
Further, in order to accurately perform frequency domain cross-correlation on the signals, in step 2) of the device, fast fourier transform, namely frequency domain transform, is performed on the pulse compression along the fast time dimension t to obtain
Figure BDA0002070641790000064
Defining a frequency-domain cross-correlation as
Figure BDA0002070641790000065
Will Sc(f,tm) Substituting into the above formula to obtain
Figure BDA0002070641790000066
Since the signal already contains no f-terms, the frequency domain cross-correlation results in
Figure BDA0002070641790000067
In the formula, A2Is Sc(f,tm) Amplitude of (f)nIs a frequency delay factor.
Further, because the long-time accumulation technology is simple to implement, in step 3) of the device, the frequency domain cross-correlation result is subjected to scaling Fourier transform in the slow time dimension to obtain a signal P (f)n,fm) The formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002070641790000071
in the formula (f)mIs tmThe pair of fourier transforms of (a) is,
Figure BDA0002070641790000072
represents a pair of RIFAF(fn,tm) Along with tmAnd (5) carrying out scaling Fourier transform, wherein xi is a scaling factor.
Further, in order to accurately consider the cross-range cell problem, the device adds the signal P (f) in step 4)n,fm) Inverse fourier transform is performed in the range domain as follows:
Figure BDA0002070641790000073
where δ is the impulse function, tnIs a frequency delay factor fnThe inverse fourier transformed time domain representation factor of (a).
Further, in order to accurately obtain the estimated parameters, the device performs inverse Fourier transform on the result G (t) in step 4)n,fm) Take the peak value due to G (t)n,fm) At tnAnd fmThe dimension is composed of two impulse functions, so the position of the maximum is the peak, as follows:
Figure BDA0002070641790000074
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002070641790000075
and
Figure BDA0002070641790000076
are each R0And voEstimated value of, tn,maxAnd fm,maxRespectively is when G (t)n,fm) T at maximumnAnd fm；
Figure BDA0002070641790000077
And
Figure BDA0002070641790000078
as a result of the parameter estimation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the target signal reception of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a passive radar parameter estimation method of the present invention for high speed targets;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the target signal accumulation results of the present invention;
in the figure, 1 is a first passive radar, 2 is a second passive radar, and 3 is a target.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The method comprises the following steps:
in the passive radar target detection of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, a first passive radar 1 and a second passive radar 2 are used to intercept a radiation signal radiated from a target 3.
For the high-speed target signal, the invention provides a passive radar parameter estimation method for a high-speed target, as shown in fig. 2, comprising the following steps:
1) and acquiring target signals received by two passive radars, and performing pulse compression on the two received signals by taking one of the signals as a reference signal.
2) And carrying out frequency domain transformation on the signals obtained by pulse compression in a fast time dimension, and carrying out frequency domain cross-correlation calculation on the signals obtained by frequency domain transformation.
3) And carrying out scaling Fourier transform on the signals obtained by the frequency domain cross-correlation in the slow time dimension to obtain a frequency domain transform result of the slow time dimension.
4) And performing inverse Fourier transform on the frequency domain transform result of the slow time dimension in a distance domain, taking a peak value of the inverse Fourier transform result, and taking the initial distance difference between the target speed and the target distance corresponding to the peak value as a parameter estimation result.
Two devices are notTarget signals received by a source radar are respectively a first signal r and a second signal r1(t,tm) And a second signal r2(t,tm) Are respectively expressed as
r1(t,tm)＝s(t)exp(j2πfct)+n1(t)
r2(t,tm)＝As(t-τ(tm))exp(j2πfc(t-τ(tm)))+n2(t)
Where t represents the fast time dimension, tmRepresenting the slow time dimension, A being the relative amplitude of the echo signals, fcFor the centre frequency of the signal transmitted by the target, j being the unit of an imaginary number, n1(t) and n2(t) represents the received signal noise of the first and second signals, respectively, the time delay for the target signal to reach the two passive radars being
Figure BDA0002070641790000091
Where c is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves, voIs the target signal speed, R0Is the difference in initial range from the two passive radars.
In the step 1), the first signal is taken as a reference signal, and the received two signals are subjected to pulse compression, wherein the pulse compression is realized
Figure BDA0002070641790000092
Substituting the expressions of the first signal and the second signal into the above expression, and neglecting noise to obtain
Figure BDA0002070641790000093
In the formula, A1For the amplitude of the signal after pulse compression, PrThe two paths of signals are subjected to pulse compression to form signal packets.
In the step 2), fast Fourier transform, namely frequency domain transform, is carried out on the pulse compression delay time dimension t to obtain
Figure BDA0002070641790000094
Defining a frequency-domain cross-correlation as
Figure BDA0002070641790000095
Will Sc(f,tm) Substituting into the above formula to obtain
Figure BDA0002070641790000096
Since the signal already contains no f-terms, the frequency domain cross-correlation results in
Figure BDA0002070641790000097
In the formula, A2Is Sc(f,tm) Amplitude of (f)nIs a frequency delay factor.
In the step 3), the frequency domain cross-correlation result is subjected to scale-changing Fourier transform in the slow time dimension to obtain a signal P (f)n,fm) The formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002070641790000101
in the formula (f)mIs tmThe pair of fourier transforms of (a) is,
Figure BDA0002070641790000102
represents a pair of RIFAF(fn,tm) Along with tmAnd (5) carrying out scaling Fourier transform, wherein xi is a scaling factor.
Step 4) signal P (f)n,fm) Inverse fourier transform is performed in the range domain as follows:
Figure BDA0002070641790000103
where δ is the impulse function, tnIs a frequency delay factor fnThe inverse fourier transformed time domain representation factor of (a).
The result G (t) of the inverse Fourier transform in the step 4)n,fm) Take the peak value due to G (t)n,fm) At tnAnd fmThe dimension is composed of two impulse functions, so the position of the maximum is the peak, as follows:
Figure BDA0002070641790000104
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002070641790000105
and
Figure BDA0002070641790000106
are each R0And voEstimated value of, tn,maxAnd fm,maxRespectively is when G (t)n,fm) T at maximumnAnd fm；
Figure BDA0002070641790000107
And
Figure BDA0002070641790000108
as a result of parameter estimation, finally realize
Figure BDA0002070641790000109
And
Figure BDA00020706417900001010
joint parameter estimation of (2).
As shown in fig. 3, it can be seen that the target echo energy is concentrated at a point, so as to improve the capability of the system to detect weak signals, and the position of the peak is the parameter estimation of the targetResult counting
Figure BDA0002070641790000111
And
Figure BDA0002070641790000112
the embodiment of the device is as follows:
the invention provides a passive radar parameter estimation device for a high-speed target, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to realize the method and the steps in the embodiment of the method.
The present invention has been described in relation to particular embodiments thereof, but the invention is not limited to the described embodiments. The technical means in the above embodiments are changed, replaced, modified in a manner that will be easily imaginable to those skilled in the art, and the functions of the technical means are substantially the same as those of the corresponding technical means in the present invention, and the objectives of the invention are also substantially the same, so that the technical solution formed by fine tuning the above embodiments still falls into the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A passive radar parameter estimation method for a high-speed target is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) acquiring target signals received by two passive radars, and performing pulse compression on the two received signals by taking one of the signals as a reference signal;
2) performing frequency domain transformation on the signals obtained by pulse compression in a fast time dimension, and performing frequency domain cross-correlation calculation on the signals obtained by the frequency domain transformation;
3) carrying out scaling Fourier transform on the signals obtained by frequency domain cross-correlation in a slow time dimension to obtain a frequency domain transform result of the slow time dimension;
4) performing inverse Fourier transform on the frequency domain transform result of the slow time dimension in a distance domain, taking a peak value of the inverse Fourier transform result, and taking an initial distance difference between a target speed corresponding to the peak value and a target distance from two passive radars as a parameter estimation result;
target signals received by the two passive radars are respectively a first signal and a second signal, and the first signal r1(t,tm) And a second signal r2(t,tm) Are respectively expressed as
r1(t,tm)＝s(t)exp(j2πfct)+n1(t)
r2(t,tm)＝As(t-τ(tm))exp(j2πfc(t-τ(tm)))+n2(t)
Where t represents the fast time dimension, tmRepresenting the slow time dimension, A being the relative amplitude of the echo signals, fcFor the centre frequency of the signal transmitted by the target, j being the unit of an imaginary number, n1(t) and n2(t) represents the received signal noise of the first and second signals, respectively, the time delay for the target signal to reach the two passive radars being
Figure FDA0003180695310000011
Where c is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves, voIs the target signal speed, R0Obtaining the initial distance difference between the target and the two passive radars;
in the step 1), the first signal is taken as a reference signal, and the received two signals are subjected to pulse compression, wherein the pulse compression is realized
Figure FDA0003180695310000021
Substituting the expressions of the first signal and the second signal into the above expression, and neglecting noise to obtain
Figure FDA0003180695310000022
In the formula, A1For the amplitude of the signal after pulse compression, PrThe two paths of signals are subjected to pulse compression to form signal packets;
in the step 2), the fast Fourier transform, namely the frequency domain transform, is carried out on the pulse compression along the fast time dimension t to obtain
Figure FDA0003180695310000023
Defining a frequency-domain cross-correlation as
Figure FDA0003180695310000024
Will Sc(f,tm) Substituting into the above formula to obtain
Figure FDA0003180695310000025
Since the signal already contains no f-terms, the frequency domain cross-correlation results in
Figure FDA0003180695310000026
In the formula, A2Is Sc(f,tm) Amplitude of (f)nIs a frequency delay factor;
in the step 3), the frequency domain cross-correlation result is subjected to scale-changing Fourier transform in the slow time dimension to obtain a signal P (f)n,fm) The formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003180695310000031
in the formula (f)mIs tmThe pair of fourier transforms of (a) is,
Figure FDA0003180695310000038
represents a pair of RIFAF(fn,tm) Along with tmCarrying out scaling Fourier transform, and xi is a scaling factor;
step 4) signal P (f)n,fm) Inverse fourier transform is performed in the range domain as follows:
Figure FDA0003180695310000032
where δ is the impulse function, tnIs a frequency delay factor fnThe inverse fourier transformed time domain representation factor of (a);
the result G (t) of the inverse Fourier transform in the step 4)n,fm) Take the peak value due to G (t)n,fm) At tnAnd fmThe dimension is composed of two impulse functions, so the position of the maximum is the peak, as follows:
Figure FDA0003180695310000033
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0003180695310000034
and
Figure FDA0003180695310000035
are each R0And voEstimated value of, tn,maxAnd fm,maxRespectively is when G (t)n,fm) T at maximumnAnd fm；
Figure FDA0003180695310000036
And
Figure FDA0003180695310000037
as a result of the parameter estimation.
2. A passive radar parameter estimation apparatus for a high speed target, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the passive radar parameter estimation method for a high speed target as claimed in claim 1 when executing the program.
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