CN110108929B - Anti-interference lightning current collecting device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-interference lightning current acquisition device, which is characterized in that in order to increase the anti-interference performance of the lightning current acquisition device, one more signal acquisition channel is added to acquire lightning current signals by adopting a redundant signal conditioning channel mode, two channels of lightning current signals induced by the same conductor are simultaneously acquired by adopting a two-channel ADC (analog to digital converter), the acquired data are sent to a DSP (digital signal processor) for similarity matching, if the similarity reaches a set value, the two channels of lightning current data are considered to be matched, the lightning current data are judged to be effective lightning current data and are stored, otherwise, the lightning current data are discarded, and the arrival of the next lightning current data is waited. By the processing mode, the interference signals are eliminated while the lightning current characteristic parameters are acquired and the waveform of the lightning current signal is reproduced, only the real lightning current signal is reserved, and the accuracy of lightning current monitoring is improved. Meanwhile, precious storage resources are saved, processing efficiency is improved, and monitoring real-time performance is guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lightning current collection, and particularly relates to an anti-interference lightning current collection device.
Background
Lightning has become a great public nuisance in the information technology, and the measurement of lightning current characteristic parameters has very important significance for lightning research and lightning protection.
Traditional lightning current collection system adopts the design of single channel, and the work is gathering the state during operation, if do not produce effectual trigger signal, then abandons the data of gathering constantly, and when the thunderbolt took place, the lightning current signal that produces can trigger collection system, just records lightning current signal this moment. However, the lightning current collecting device usually works in an area with serious environmental interference, the device can cause false triggering due to external interference, and the device cannot distinguish whether the collected signal is a lightning current signal or an external noise signal, and only can store all the signals, which not only wastes storage resources, but also can cause actual lightning current signals to be omitted due to the wrong records. Meanwhile, the traditional lightning current collecting device is mostly used for recording information such as time of lightning stroke occurrence, amplitude and energy of lightning current and the like, cannot reproduce the waveform of a lightning current signal, and is not beneficial to a user to carry out more detailed research on lightning.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an anti-interference lightning current acquisition device, which can eliminate interference signals while acquiring lightning current characteristic parameters and reproducing lightning current signal waveforms, only retains real lightning current signals and improves the accuracy of lightning current monitoring.
In order to achieve the purpose, the anti-interference lightning current collecting device is characterized by comprising
Two paths of signal acquisition channels, wherein each path of signal acquisition channel comprises a Rogowski current sensor (Rogowski sensor for short), a signal conditioning channel and an ADC (analog to digital converter), two paths of lightning current signals induced by the same conductor are respectively input into the two paths of signal acquisition channels and are converted into voltage signals through the Rogowski sensor, the voltage signals are conditioned through the signal conditioning channel, the amplitude of the voltage signals is within the input range of the ADC, and then the voltage signals are converted into lightning current data through the ADC; two paths of lightning current data are obtained by the two paths of signal acquisition channels and are sent to the DSP;
and the DSP is used for matching the similarity of the received two paths of lightning current data, if the similarity reaches a set value, the two paths of lightning current data are considered to be matched, the acquired lightning current data are effective lightning current data and are stored in the FLASH, and if the similarity does not reach the set value, the two paths of lightning current data are considered to be unmatched, the acquired lightning current data are discarded, and the arrival of the next lightning current data is waited.
The object of the invention is thus achieved.
The invention relates to an anti-interference lightning current acquisition device, which adopts a redundant Signal conditioning channel mode to add one more Signal acquisition channel to acquire lightning current signals, adopts a double-channel ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) to simultaneously acquire two lightning current signals induced by the same conductor, then sends the acquired data to a DSP (Digital Signal Processing) to carry out similarity matching, considers that the two lightning current data are matched if the similarity reaches a set value, judges that the lightning current data are effective lightning current data and stores the lightning current data, and otherwise discards the lightning current data to wait for the arrival of the next lightning current data. By the processing mode, the interference signals are eliminated while the lightning current characteristic parameters are acquired and the waveform of the lightning current signal is reproduced, only the real lightning current signal is reserved, and the accuracy of lightning current monitoring is improved. Meanwhile, precious storage resources are saved, processing efficiency is improved, and monitoring real-time performance is guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an anti-interference lightning current collecting device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the signal conditioning channel of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a positive polarity lightning current waveform;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a negative polarity lightning current waveform;
FIG. 5 is a process flow of similarity matching;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the start and end positions of data of a main portion of a lightning current waveform;
FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of the screened reference lightning current data;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of a processing procedure of similarity calculation.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in order to better understand the present invention for those skilled in the art with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be expressly noted that in the following description, a detailed description of known functions and designs will be omitted when it may obscure the subject matter of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the anti-interference lightning current collecting device according to the present invention.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the anti-interference lightning current collecting device of the present invention includes two signal collecting channels 1, a data receiving and preprocessing module 2 and a DSP3, and adopts a processing architecture of ADC + FPGA + DSP.
Each signal acquisition channel comprises a Rogowski current sensor 101 (called as a Rogowski sensor for short), a signal conditioning channel 102 and an ADC 103 (the ADCs of the two signal acquisition channels are respectively marked as ADC1 and ADC2), two lightning current signals CH1 and CH2 induced by the same conductor are respectively input into the two signal acquisition channels and are converted into voltage signals through the Rogowski sensor 101, the voltage signals are conditioned through the signal conditioning channel 102, the amplitude of the voltage signals is within the input range of the ADC 103, and then the voltage signals are converted into lightning current data through the ADC 103, so that the two signal acquisition channels obtain two lightning current data.
In the present embodiment, the specific composition of the signal conditioning channel 102 is as shown in fig. 2, and the passive attenuation network performs coarse attenuation on the input lightning current signal; the amplitude limiting network is used for limiting the attenuated signals within a certain range so as to prevent the lightning current signals with the amplitude exceeding the expected amplitude from damaging the acquisition device; the impedance transformation network is used for matching the impedances of the front stage and the rear stage of the signal conditioning channel; the voltage-controlled gain adjusting network adopts VGA (Voltage-controlled gain Amplifier) to realize variable gain; the ADC driver circuit is used to convert the single-ended signal into differential signals 1, 2.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the lightning protection device further includes a data receiving and preprocessing module 2, which is an FPGA, and is configured to receive and preprocess two paths of lightning current data, where the preprocessing includes calculating an amplitude, an energy, and a polarity of a lightning current signal. After the lightning current data is received, the lightning current data is transmitted to the DSP3 for similarity matching. In the embodiment, the system is powered by 12V, and the FPGA provides a clock signal by using a 50MHz crystal oscillator.
And the DSP3 performs similarity matching on the two received thunder and lightning flow data, if the similarity reaches a set value, the two thunder and lightning flow data are considered to be matched, the acquired thunder and lightning flow data are effective thunder and lightning flow data and are stored in the FLASH, and if the similarity does not reach the set value, the two thunder and lightning flow data are considered to be not matched, the acquired thunder and lightning flow data are discarded, and the arrival of the next thunder and lightning flow data is waited.
Typical positive polarity lightning current waveforms and negative polarity lightning current waveforms collected by the lightning current collecting device are shown in fig. 3 and 4, respectively. From fig. 3 and 4, we can divide the lightning current waveform into four regions, i.e., region I, region II, region III and region IV. The similarity matching in the DSP is to complete the similarity calculation and judgment of the waveform.
The area I is the condition collected by the lightning current collecting device when no lightning current signal is input, namely only a baseline is collected; the area II is a situation collected by the lightning current collecting device when the lightning current signal is just generated, and at this time, the amplitude of the lightning current signal is small, but the lightning current signal collected from the area I to the area II is suddenly changed, as shown by a dotted circle in fig. 3 and 4. The area III is a main part of the lightning current signal, and the similarity matching mainly aims at extracting sampling points of the area III from the areas I to IV for processing; region IV is the situation when the lightning current signal dissipates, at which time the radar current signal gradually returns to baseline.
The processing flow of similarity matching is shown in fig. 5: firstly, calculating a reference value, then searching a waveform section, then calculating the similarity, if the similarity reaches a set value, carrying out noise identification, and if not, discarding the lightning current data acquired at this time. And during noise identification, if the lightning current data is judged to be a non-noise signal, storing the collected lightning current data, and if not, discarding the lightning current data collected this time. The method comprises the following specific steps:
step S1: calculating a reference value
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the lightning current waveform has a significant trend of increasing from the area I to the area II, that is, the sampling point in the area II has a certain vertical offset from the baseline, and in order to ensure the accuracy of the subsequent calculation, in this embodiment, one path of lightning current data is used as the reference lightning current data, and for the first n lightning current data1Sampling points (corresponding to region II, in this embodiment, at n)150) and the resulting average is called the reference value.
Step S2: finding waveform segments
The similarity calculation does not process all the collected lightning current data, but selects the data of the main part of the lightning current waveform, namely the lightning current data in the area III in fig. 3 and 4. As can be seen from fig. 3 and 4, the lightning current waveform is characterized in that the amplitude increases gradually first and then decreases after reaching the maximum amplitude. When the lightning current amplitude reaches the trigger level, that is, the position of the trigger point in fig. 3 and 4, the activated data receiving and preprocessing module 2, that is, the FPGA, completes the storage of a plurality of pieces of lightning current data before the trigger point and the storage of a plurality of pieces of lightning current data after the trigger point, and at the same time, the position of the trigger point is also recorded by the system. The position of the trigger level may be adjusted by software. The sampling points of the section III are extracted, namely the initial position and the end position of the main part data of the lightning current waveform are determined. The starting position can be adjusted according to the position of the trigger point, the trigger level is higher than the reference value, and the starting position is set at n before the trigger point2At each sampling point, n in the present embodiment2200 parts of a total weight; the end position is related to a reference value, and when the amplitude of the lightning current waveform is reduced from the maximum amplitude to the reference value, the position of the sampling point is the end position. The starting and ending positions are shown in fig. 6.
After the lightning current waveform main body part data is selected, further screening the extracted lightning current waveform main body part data: selecting a difference value a of the absolute value of the maximum amplitude of the lightning current waveform minus the absolute value of the reference value1% to b1% of the ascending portion and b2% to a2And performing similarity calculation by taking the reference lightning current data of the% descending part as the data of the corresponding time of the similarity calculation waveform segment and the lightning current data of the other path. In this way, the influence of top and bottom glitches of the lightning current waveform on the calculation result can be avoided. In this embodiment, a1、a2＝30，b1、b2＝70。
The screened reference lightning current data is shown in fig. 7, and the part outlined by the dashed line box in fig. 7 is the sampling point data used for similarity calculation.
Step S3: similarity calculation
As shown in fig. 8, the process of similarity calculation is performed by first setting a count value CNT and setting an initial value to 0. And then, starting to enter a cycle, continuously performing difference operation on the sampling points of the two paths of lightning current data in the similarity calculation waveform section at the same moment, and judging whether the absolute value of the difference is within the threshold range. The sampling points are the parts which are selected by the dashed square frame in fig. 7, the difference value of the sampling points is obtained by performing difference value operation on lightning current data collected from two channels at the same time, the obtained result is compared with a set threshold value, if the difference value is smaller than the threshold value, the sampling point is determined to meet the similar requirement, and if the difference value is larger than or equal to the threshold value, the sampling point is determined not to meet the similar requirement. When all the similarity calculation waveform section sampling points are calculated, the percentage of the points meeting the similarity requirement in all the points can be obtained, and the percentage is the similarity to be calculated.
Step S4: judgment of
And if the similarity reaches a set value, considering that the two paths of lightning current data are matched, and further performing noise identification, and if the similarity does not reach the set value, considering that the two paths of lightning current data are not matched, discarding the collected lightning current data, and waiting for the arrival of the next lightning current data. The set value of the similarity can be configured through an RS422 communication interface or a key.
Step S5: noise identification
If the two paths of lightning current data are matched, further judgment needs to be carried out through noise identification, only if the similarity meets the requirement, and the non-noise signal is judged to be effective lightning current data (waveform), otherwise, the acquired data is discarded. The judgment of the noise is based on whether the waveform has m continuous sampling points with the same variation trend. The noise signal is characterized in that the jump is serious, the variation trend between the sampling point and the sampling point is not consistent, therefore, the noise identification can be carried out by judging the variation trend of the sampling point, if the variation trend is not consistent, the noise is considered, and if the variation trend is consistent, the noise is considered to be non-noise.
Summary of advantages
Compared with the traditional single-channel lightning current signal acquisition mode, the method adopts double channels to acquire the lightning current signal generated by the same lightning stroke, and combines a software algorithm to perform data processing (waveform section selection, similarity calculation, judgment and noise processing), so that the probability that the noise signal is stored as the lightning current signal can be effectively reduced, and the storage space is greatly saved.
In the embodiment, only one lightning current collecting device is adopted for illustration, in practical use, a plurality of collecting devices can be networked, and the devices and an upper computer communicate through an RS-422 interface or a GPRS interface, so that multipoint monitoring is realized.
Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described above to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and various changes may be made apparent to those skilled in the art as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined by the appended claims, and all matters of the invention which utilize the inventive concepts are protected.
Claims (4)
1. An anti-interference lightning current collecting device is characterized by comprising
The lightning current signals are respectively input into the two signal acquisition channels, converted into voltage signals through the Roves current sensor, conditioned through the signal conditioning channel, so that the amplitude of the voltage signals is within the input range of the ADC, and then converted into lightning current data through the ADC; two paths of lightning current data are obtained by the two paths of signal acquisition channels and are sent to the DSP;
and the DSP is used for matching the similarity of the received two paths of lightning current data, if the similarity reaches a set value, the two paths of lightning current data are considered to be matched, the acquired lightning current data are effective lightning current data and are stored in the FLASH, and if the similarity does not reach the set value, the two paths of lightning current data are considered to be unmatched, the acquired lightning current data are discarded, and the arrival of the next lightning current data is waited.
2. The anti-interference lightning current collecting device according to claim 1, wherein the similarity matching of the two lightning current data paths is as follows:
(1) calculating the reference value
One path of lightning current data is taken as reference lightning current data, and the first n of the reference lightning current data are processed1Averaging the sampling points, wherein the obtained average value is called a reference value;
(2) looking for a waveform segment
Determining the initial position and the end position of the main part data of the lightning current waveform, wherein the initial position is set at n before the trigger point2At each sampling point, when the amplitude of the lightning current waveform is reduced to a reference value from the maximum amplitude, the position of the sampling point is the end position;
and further screening the extracted main part data of the lightning current waveform: selecting a difference value a of the absolute value of the maximum amplitude of the lightning current waveform minus the absolute value of the reference value1% to b1% of the ascending portion and b2% to a2The reference lightning current data of the% descending part is used as the data of the similarity calculation waveform segment and the data of the other path of lightning current data at the corresponding moment for similarity calculation;
(3) and calculating the degree of similarity
Firstly, setting a count value CNT and assigning an initial value to be 0; then, starting to enter a cycle, continuously carrying out difference value operation on sampling points of two paths of lightning current data in the similarity calculation waveform section at the same moment, judging whether the absolute value of the difference value is within a threshold range, if the absolute value is smaller than the threshold, determining that the point meets the similarity requirement, and if the absolute value is larger than or equal to the threshold, determining that the point does not meet the similarity requirement; when all the similarity calculation waveform section sampling points are calculated, the percentage of the points meeting the similarity requirement in all the points can be obtained, and the percentage is the similarity to be calculated;
(4) and determining
If the similarity reaches a set value, considering the two paths of lightning current data to be matched, and further performing noise identification, and if the similarity does not reach the set value, considering the two paths of lightning current data not to be matched, discarding the collected lightning current data, and waiting for the arrival of the next lightning current data;
(5) noise identification
If the two paths of lightning current data are similar, further judgment is needed through noise identification, only if the similarity meets the requirement, and the non-noise signal is judged to be effective lightning current data, otherwise, the acquired data is discarded.
3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the noise identification is based on whether m consecutive sampling points of the waveform have the same trend, and if the trends are not consistent, the waveform is considered to be noise, and if the trends are consistent, the waveform is considered to be non-noise.
4. The anti-interference lightning current collecting device according to claim 1, further comprising a data receiving and preprocessing module, which is an FPGA, for receiving and preprocessing two paths of lightning current data, wherein the preprocessing comprises calculating the amplitude, energy and polarity of lightning current signals;
and after the lightning current data are received, transmitting the lightning current data to the DSP for similarity matching.
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