CN110106499B - Adjustable high-speed laser cladding annular coaxial powder feeding nozzle and adjusting method thereof - Google Patents
Adjustable high-speed laser cladding annular coaxial powder feeding nozzle and adjusting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110106499B CN110106499B CN201910467314.5A CN201910467314A CN110106499B CN 110106499 B CN110106499 B CN 110106499B CN 201910467314 A CN201910467314 A CN 201910467314A CN 110106499 B CN110106499 B CN 110106499B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
Abstract
The invention discloses an adjustable high-speed laser cladding annular coaxial powder feeding nozzle, which comprises a centering matrix and a nozzle which are coaxially arranged, wherein a focusing assembly is sleeved on the periphery of the centering matrix, the focusing assembly is connected with the nozzle and drives the centering matrix to move along the axial direction so as to adjust the distance between a laser focus and the surface of a workpiece, the centering matrix extends along the radial direction to form a centering middle part, the upper end of the centering middle part is provided with a centering end plate, the lower end of the centering end plate is fixedly connected with a centering seat, a cavity for movably adjusting the centering matrix is arranged between the centering seat and the centering matrix, the outer side of the centering seat is provided with a horizontal adjusting piece for horizontally adjusting the centering matrix, the upper end of the centering end plate is provided with an inclination angle adjusting piece for adjusting the axial inclination of the centering matrix, compared with the prior art, the adjustable high-speed laser, the utilization rate of the powder is improved, and a better cladding effect is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding, in particular to an adjustable high-speed laser cladding annular coaxial powder feeding nozzle.
Background
High-speed laser cladding is a novel surface modification technology, is mainly used for forming a functional coating different from a base material on the surface of metal at the present stage, can effectively improve and enhance the surface characteristics of the base body so as to improve the performances of the base material, such as wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and the traditional laser cladding is that laser directly heats a part base body to form a molten pool, and additional powder falls into the molten pool and is melted to form a thicker coating; the high-speed laser cladding changes the action process of laser and powder, and the laser directly heats the powder above the substrate, so that the powder falls on the surface of the substrate after forming a molten or semi-molten state to form a coating.
In the application of a high-speed laser cladding technology, the defocusing amount (the distance between a laser focus and a workpiece) and the coaxiality of optical powder (the axial line of a powder spot is coaxial with the axial line of a laser beam) of a nozzle need to be adjusted, the defocusing amount and the coaxiality of the optical powder generate direct influence on the heat treatment effect, and when the defocusing amount is too large, the power density acting on the workpiece is too low to achieve the purpose of processing the workpiece; when the defocusing amount is too small, the power density acting on the workpiece is too high, and a laser irradiation point is easily melted to damage the surface of the workpiece; when the axis of the powder deviates, the cladding layer on the surface of the workpiece is uneven, the cladding effect is poor, in the prior art, the defocusing amount is usually adjusted by directly moving a laser head, but the adjustment amount is limited, a larger adjustment range cannot be realized, and the powder distance cannot be ensured to be constant; the horizontal position of the nozzle is usually adjusted through a tool clamp, although the intersection of the powder spot and the laser beam can be adjusted, the accurate coincidence of the axis of the powder spot and the axis of the laser beam in the same plane cannot be guaranteed, the error is large, the controllability is low, the process adjustment is not facilitated, and the cladding quality cannot be guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the adjustable high-speed laser cladding annular coaxial powder feeding nozzle so as to realize the accurate centering of the powder spot axis and the light spot axis of the nozzle and the control of the defocusing amount.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a high-speed laser cladding annular coaxial powder feeding nozzle with adjustable, centering base member periphery cover including coaxial setting is equipped with focusing assembly, focusing assembly is connected with the nozzle and orders about the centering base member along axial motion with the interval of adjusting laser focus and workpiece surface, the centering base member forms middle part along radial extension, the upper end to the middle part is equipped with the centering end plate, centering end plate lower extreme fixedly connected with is to well seat, to being equipped with the cavity that is used for supplying centering base member activity to adjust between well seat and the centering base member, the outside to well seat is equipped with the level control spare that is used for supplying centering base member level control, centering end plate upper end is equipped with the inclination adjusting part that is used for adjusting the axis gradient of centering base member.
The invention has the advantages that: the nozzle is connected with the adjusting assembly through the arrangement of the focusing assembly, the focusing assembly drives the centering base body to axially move under the condition of not disassembling the nozzle, the defocusing amount is controlled on the premise of ensuring that the coaxiality of the optical powder is not influenced, and cladding layers with different areas are obtained; the centering end plate, the centering seat and the centering part form a cavity, an adjusting space is provided for a centering base body, the structure is compact, the horizontal adjusting piece drives the centering base body to be adjusted horizontally, the axis of the powder spot is enabled to be intersected with the axis of the laser beam, the inclination angle adjusting piece drives the axis of the centering base body to be adjusted, the axis of the powder spot and the axis of the laser beam are enabled to be accurately coincided in the same plane, the utilization rate of powder is improved, a better cladding effect is obtained, the coaxiality of the powder can be adjusted under the condition that a nozzle is not required to be disassembled, in addition, the positions of the powder spot and a light spot can be flexibly adjusted through the horizontal adjusting piece and the inclination angle adjusting piece, the cladding requirements of different widths are met, the operation is simple, and.
Further, the horizontal adjusting part comprises a plurality of horizontal adjusting bolts arranged on the outer wall of the centering seat at intervals along the circumferential direction, the horizontal adjusting bolts are perpendicular to the axis of the centering base body, through the improvement, the inclination angle adjusting bolts on the centering end plate are abutted against the centering base body, and the centering base body is provided with forces of different degrees along the axial direction by adjusting the tightness of the inclination angle adjusting bolts, so that the centering base body drives the nozzle to float up and down, and the axis of the powder spot sprayed by the nozzle is ensured to be accurately coincided with the axis of the laser beam in the same plane; the inclination angle adjusting bolt is arranged in parallel with the axis of the centering base body, and the reliability of the axis inclination angle adjustment of the centering base body is guaranteed.
Further, the inclination angle adjusting part comprises a plurality of inclination angle adjusting bolts arranged at the upper end of the centering end plate at intervals along the circumferential direction, the inclination angle adjusting bolts are arranged in parallel with the axis of the centering end plate, through the improvement, the horizontal adjusting bolts on the centering seat are abutted against the centering base body, the horizontal force is applied to the centering base body through adjusting the tightness of the horizontal adjusting bolts so that the centering base body moves horizontally, the nozzle synchronously moves along with the centering base body through the focusing assembly, and the axis of the powder spot sprayed out of the nozzle is ensured to be intersected with the axis of the laser beam; the horizontal adjusting bolt is perpendicular to the axis of the centering base body, and the reliability of horizontal movement of the centering base body is guaranteed.
Furthermore, the focusing assembly also comprises a fixing ring, an adjusting seat, an adjusting sleeve and a connecting sleeve, wherein the fixing ring, the adjusting seat, the adjusting sleeve and the connecting sleeve are sleeved on the periphery of the centering base body, the fixing ring is in interference fit with the centering base body, the adjusting seat is arranged above the fixing ring, the lower end of the adjusting seat is fixedly connected with the adjusting sleeve, the adjusting sleeve is in threaded connection with the connecting sleeve, the lower end of the connecting sleeve is fixedly connected with the nozzle, and through the improvement, the fixing ring and the adjusting seat are arranged to provide an installation position for the adjusting sleeve; the connecting sleeve is in threaded connection with the adjusting sleeve, the centering base body moves axially by rotating the adjusting seat, and the adjustment of the defocusing amount is realized under the conditions that the powder distance is constant and any part is not detached.
Further, be equipped with the guide way with axis parallel arrangement on the centering base member, wear to be equipped with on the connecting sleeve with guide way complex spacer pin, through above improvement, the setting of guide way and spacer pin when the centering base member passes through adapter sleeve axial motion, plays the guide effect to avoid the nozzle adapter sleeve to take place to rotate with the centering base member when axial adjustment, guaranteed the coaxial accuracy of light powder, the guide way plays limiting displacement simultaneously, prevents that adapter sleeve and adjusting collar from breaking away from, avoids reassembling the coaxial regulation difficulty of back light powder.
Furthermore, the elastic piece abutting against the centering seat is arranged on the lower end face of the middle part, through the improvement, when the inclination angle adjusting bolt on the centering end plate is adjusted, the centering end plate generates a force for pressing the centering base body downwards, the screwing degree of the inclination angle adjusting bolt is controlled, so that the centering base body drives the nozzle to float up and down, and in the process of floating up and down of the centering base body, abrasion easily occurs between the centering base body and the centering seat of the centering seat, after long-term use, the centering end plate is not accurately adjusted, the elastic piece is arranged to play a role in buffering, abrasion between the middle part and the centering seat is reduced, meanwhile, the elastic piece enables the position of the centering base body between the centering seat and the centering end plate to be more stable through the elastic force of the middle part, and the adjusting process of the centering base body is more.
Further, gu the fixed ring upper end is equipped with first protective ring, gu the fixed ring periphery is equipped with the second protective ring, first protective ring and second protective ring all offset with adjusting the seat and solid fixed ring, through above improvement, the setting of first protective ring and second protective ring makes centering matrix axial motion when adjusting out of focus volume at the rotation regulation seat, has effectively reduced solid fixed ring and has adjusted the wearing and tearing between the seat to make centering matrix and adjust and be the elasticity cooperation between the seat and make solid fixed ring and adjust the structure between the seat compacter.
Further, the center of the nozzle is provided with a laser channel, a plurality of powder inlets are arranged on the outer side of the nozzle, the powder inlets are connected with a powder pipe, an annular gas powder cavity communicated with the powder inlets is arranged in the nozzle, a conical annular powder channel is arranged below the gas powder cavity, a plurality of through holes which are vertically arranged are arranged at the lower end of the gas powder cavity along the circumferential direction at intervals, the gas powder cavity is communicated with the annular powder channel through the through holes, gas powder in the powder pipe is uniformly mixed in the gas powder cavity and then enters the annular powder channel through the through holes to discharge powder, through the improvement, gas powder in the powder pipe enters the gas powder cavity through the powder inlets, firstly, after being mixed in the gas powder cavity, the gas powder enters the annular powder channel through the through holes at the bottom of the gas powder cavity to discharge powder, the annular gas powder cavity is arranged, high-speed gas powder flows into the gas powder cavity, moves along an annular track and is full of the gas powder cavity, and simultaneously, the gas powder collides back and forth in the cavity wall to fully mix the gas powder in the gas powder cavity; the arrangement of the through holes ensures that the mixed gas powder uniformly enters the annular powder channel through the through holes, so that the blockage and waste caused by overlarge powder output due to the fact that a large amount of gas powder simultaneously enters the annular powder channel are avoided; the arrangement of the conical annular powder channel ensures that the powder spots after powder discharge are intersected with the laser light spots, and the gas powder is uniformly discharged through the annular powder channel, so that the powder discharging device has good convergence.
Further, the nozzle comprises an inner nozzle and an outer nozzle, the inner nozzle and the outer nozzle sleeve form an air powder cavity and an annular powder channel, and through the improvement, the air powder cavity and the annular powder channel are formed by the inner nozzle and the outer nozzle sleeve, so that the processing is convenient, the phenomenon that air powder is not uniform due to the fact that the air powder is mixed with air in the powder discharging process is avoided, and the cladding quality is further influenced.
Further, the powder inlet is perpendicular to the through hole, and through the improvement, after the gas powder enters the gas powder cavity, the gas powder cannot enter the through hole instantly, so that the gas powder in the powder tube can be uniformly mixed in the gas powder cavity, and then the gas powder can uniformly enter the annular powder channel, and the phenomenon that the powder outlet amount is too large and the waste is caused when a large amount of gas powder enters the annular powder channel simultaneously is avoided.
Further, a plurality of steel balls have been inlayed on the inner chamber wall in gas powder chamber, the steel ball evenly arranges on the chamber wall, through above improvement, the setting of gas powder intracavity steel ball, the steel ball on the embedding chamber wall has certain radian for the gas powder that gets into the gas powder intracavity constantly erodes on the sphere of each steel ball and further mixes, and, with the size homogenization of the different powder granule of granule size, makes the gas powder in the gas powder chamber reach the homogeneous state.
Further, the opening that annular powder said diminishes along a powder direction gradually, through above improvement, the gaseous powder of misce bene gets into annular powder way through the through-hole, and the opening that annular powder said diminishes along a powder direction gradually, has increased the convergence of powder, has improved the powder utilization ratio.
Further, the exit end of through-hole is equipped with the hybrid chamber that is used for supplying the powder secondary of gas to mix, the hybrid chamber is said with annular powder and is communicate, through above improvement, the setting of hybrid chamber, and the gas powder gets into the hybrid chamber through the through-hole and carries out the secondary and mix after the preliminary mixing in the gas powder intracavity, has further improved the homogeneity of gas powder, ensures out the even play powder in powder chamber, avoids appearing the phenomenon of jam in annular powder way to obtain high-quality cladding layer.
Further, the through-hole sets up towards the chamber wall of hybrid chamber, through above improvement, the gas powder passes through the through-hole and collides with the inner wall of hybrid chamber behind the entering hybrid chamber to make the gas powder obtain better mixed effect in the hybrid chamber, further guarantee the homogeneity of gas powder.
Further, the quantity of powder inlet is two to four and sets up along the even interval of circumference, and through above improvement, the setting of three powder pipe on outer nozzle makes the gas powder intracavity contain abundant gas powder and flows the misce bene, and then guarantees that gas powder distributes in the annular powder way to and the continuity of gas powder in the annular powder way, avoid going out the powder and is interrupted discontinuity, influence and cover the quality of melting.
Further, the outer wall of outer nozzle is equipped with cooling trough, the outside cover of outer nozzle is equipped with the water course cover, be connected with the water pipe on the water course cover, outer nozzle constitutes the passageway that supplies water body to flow with the water course cover, and through the above improvement, cooling trough and water course cover's setting, the water leads to pipe and circulates in cooling trough, reduces the temperature of nozzle when cladding, improves the life of nozzle.
Further, the cooling trough is by setting up and constitute by a plurality of C type ring ways of intercommunication along the axial, through above improvement for the cooling trough covers completely on the outer wall of outer nozzle, has enlarged cooling area, and the water has better cooling effect via a large amount of heats of C type ring way area away.
Furthermore, a centering component is arranged below the nozzle, the centering component comprises a positioning ring which is coaxially arranged with the nozzle and is propped against the nozzle, the lower end of the positioning ring is provided with a vertically arranged slide rail, a first slide plate and a second slide plate are sequentially arranged on the slide rail in a sliding way, the first sliding plate is provided with a first small hole, the second sliding plate is provided with a second small hole, the first small hole and the second small hole are coaxially arranged, through the improvement, the arrangement of the centering component enables the coincidence of the axis of the laser beam and the axis of the nozzle to be more easily judged, the positioning ring ensures that a certain positioning effect is achieved in the adjusting process, the first sliding plate and the second sliding plate can be arranged on the sliding rail in a sliding way, through the interval of removing first slide and second slide, form the facula of convenient judgement to further verify that the powder is coaxial, satisfy different calibration demands.
The adjusting method comprises the following steps:
a. placing the nozzle on a positioning ring;
b. turning on a laser, and emitting a laser beam from the center of the nozzle through a lens arranged on the upper part of the centering base body;
c. the laser beam forms a light spot on the first sliding plate;
d. rotating the horizontal adjusting bolt until the laser beam passes through the axis of the first small hole;
e. judging whether the laser beam simultaneously passes through the axes of the first small hole and the second small hole;
f. if yes, finishing the adjustment;
g. if not, forming a light spot on the second sliding plate by the laser beam, and continuing the following steps;
h. rotating the corresponding inclination angle adjusting bolt to enable the light spot to be close to the second small hole;
i. judging whether the laser beam simultaneously passes through the axes of the first small hole and the second small hole;
j. if yes, finishing the adjustment;
k. if not, the light spot appears on the first sliding plate and does not appear on the second sliding plate, and the fact that the axis of the laser beam is not overlapped with the axis of the nozzle is proved, the step d is returned until the laser beam simultaneously passes through the axes of the first small hole and the second small hole;
l, finishing the adjustment;
and m, rotating the adjusting seat to adjust the axial position of the lens until the set defocusing amount is reached.
The method comprises the steps of taking the axes of a first small hole and a second small hole as a reference, firstly, taking the axis of a laser beam passing through the first small hole or the second small hole as a primary judgment, namely the axis of the laser beam is intersected with the axis of a nozzle, then, taking the axis of the laser beam simultaneously passing through the first small hole and the second small hole as a secondary judgment, namely the axis of the laser beam is superposed with the axis of the nozzle, finally, moving a first sliding plate 9.3 and a second sliding plate 9.4, changing the distance between the first sliding plate 9.3 and the second sliding plate 9.4, and further verifying the coaxiality of optical powder.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an adjustment assembly and a focus adjustment assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the adjustment assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the centering assembly of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a nozzle of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a cooling water bath for the nozzle of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an expanded view of the cooling water bath of the nozzle of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of the conditioning steps of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a nozzle; 1.1, an inner nozzle; 1.1.1, a second annular groove; 1.2, an outer nozzle; 1.2.1, a powder inlet; 1.2.2, powder tube; 1.2.3, a first annular groove; 1.2.4, a mixing cavity; 1.2.5, a connecting part; 1.3, laser channel; 1.4, a gas powder cavity; 1.4.1, steel balls; 1.4.2, through holes; 1.5, an annular powder channel; 1.6, water channel sleeve; 1.6.1, a water pipe; 1.6.2, a cooling water tank; 1.6.3, C-shaped loop; 1.6.4, a water inlet channel; 1.6.5, a water outlet channel; 2. centering the matrix; 2.1, a centering part; 2.2, a guide groove; 2.3, fixing a ring; 3. a focusing assembly; 3.1, an adjusting seat; 3.2, adjusting sleeves; 3.3, connecting sleeves; 3.4, limiting pins; 4. a horizontal adjustment member; 4.1, centering seats; 4.2, horizontally adjusting the bolt; 4.3, a horizontal adjusting part; 4.4, an inclination angle adjusting part; 5. an inclination angle adjusting member; 5.1, centering the end plate; 5.2, adjusting a bolt by an inclination angle; 6. an elastic member; 7. a first guard ring; 8. a second guard ring; 9. a centering assembly; 9.1, a positioning ring; 9.2, a slide rail; 9.3, a first sliding plate; 9.4, a second sliding plate; 9.5, a first aperture; 9.6, a second aperture; 9.7, quadrant;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It will be understood that, although the terms upper, middle, lower, outer, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another for ease of understanding, and are not used to define any direction or order of limitation.
As shown in fig. 1-4, an adjustable high-speed laser cladding annular coaxial powder feeding nozzle comprises a coaxially arranged nozzle 1 and a centering matrix 2, a lens is arranged at the upper part of the centering matrix 2, a channel hole for passing a laser beam is arranged at the center of the centering matrix 2, the laser beam emitted by a laser enters the centering matrix 2 through the lens and is emitted from the center of the nozzle 1, a focusing assembly 3 is sleeved at the periphery of the centering matrix 2, the centering matrix 2 is connected with the nozzle 1 through the focusing assembly 3 and is axially adjusted by the centering matrix 2 to adjust the defocusing amount, a centering middle part 2.1 is radially extended at the upper end of the centering matrix 2, a centering end plate 5.1 is arranged at the upper end of the centering end plate 2.1, an inclination angle adjusting piece 5 for adjusting the inclination angle of the centering matrix 2 is arranged on the centering end plate 5.1, the inclination angle adjusting piece 5 is specifically four inclination angle adjusting bolts 5.2 uniformly arranged at the upper end of the centering, four tilt angle adjusting bolts 5.2 are all arranged coaxially with the axis of the centering base body 2, and the adjacent tilt angle adjusting bolts 5.2 are arranged vertically to each other, the lower end of the centering end plate 5.1 is provided with a centering seat 4.1, the centering seat 4.1 is fixedly connected with the centering end plate 5.1 through bolts, wherein the centering seat 4.1 comprises a horizontal adjusting part 4.3 and a tilt angle adjusting part 4.4, the horizontal adjusting part 4.3 is in clearance fit with the outer wall of the centering part 2.1, the horizontal adjusting part 4 is provided with a horizontal adjusting member 4 for adjusting the horizontal position of the centering base body 2, the horizontal adjusting member 4 is specifically four horizontal adjusting bolts 4.2 which are arranged on the periphery of the horizontal adjusting part 4.3 at even intervals along the circumferential direction, the four horizontal adjusting bolts 4.2 are all arranged vertically to the axis of the centering base body 2, and the adjacent horizontal adjusting bolts 4.2 are arranged vertically to each other, the tilt angle adjusting part 4.4 is matched with the lower end of the middle centering part 2.1, and an elastic member 6 is arranged between the lower end of the tilt angle adjusting part, the elastic piece 6 is specifically an elastic gasket which is respectively abutted against the inclination angle adjusting part 4.4 on the centering seat 4.1 and the lower end of the middle part 2.1, when the inclination angle adjusting bolt 5.2 is rotated to adjust the axis inclination angle of the centering base body 2, the centering part 2.1 is pressed downwards by the centering end plate 5.1, and the elastic gasket plays a role in buffering and reducing friction and wear and provides reset elasticity for the adjustment of the axis inclination angle of the centering base body 2.
Specifically, the horizontal adjusting bolt 4.2 and the inclination angle adjusting bolt 5.2 are both wave ball screws, and a positioning groove matched with steel balls on the wave ball screws is arranged on the centering base body 2.
Specifically, the focusing assembly 3 comprises an adjusting seat 3.1, an adjusting sleeve 3.2 and a connecting sleeve 3.3, wherein the middle part of the centering matrix 2 is provided with a fixing ring 2.3, the fixing ring 2.3 is in interference fit with the centering matrix 2 so that the adjusting seat 3.1 is fixed on the centering matrix 2, the adjusting seat 3.1 and the adjusting sleeve 3.2 are in clearance fit with the centering matrix 2, the adjusting seat 3.1 and the adjusting sleeve 3.2 are fixedly connected through bolts, the connecting sleeve 3.3 specifically comprises an integrally arranged connecting inner sleeve and a connecting outer sleeve, the inner periphery of the lower part of the adjusting sleeve 3.2 is provided with a threaded connecting part, the outer periphery of the connecting inner sleeve is provided with threads, the connecting inner sleeve is in threaded connection with the adjusting sleeve 3.2, the inner periphery of the connecting inner sleeve is in tight fit with the centering matrix 2, the lower end of the connecting outer sleeve is connected with the upper end of the nozzle 1 through bolts, the connecting sleeve 3.3.3 is driven by rotating the adjusting seat 3.3.3 to drive the, or the centering matrix 2 moves along the axial direction by rotating the adjusting seat 3.1, thereby adjusting the defocusing amount, controlling the spot size to meet the cladding requirements of different widths, and being convenient to operate without disassembling the nozzle 1.
Specifically, be equipped with the guide way 2.2 along the axial setting on centering base member 2, be equipped with spacer pin 3.4 on the connection endotheca, in spacer pin 3.4 wears to locate guide way 2.2, when rotatory regulation seat 3.1 carried out the axial regulation, guide way 2.2 and spacer pin 3.4's cooperation played the guide effect, and spacer pin 3.4 restriction centering base member 2 rotates, avoids taking place the skew at the position of centering base member 2 in the adjustment process, leads to the coaxial precision of powder spot and laser beam to be low.
Specifically, the upper end of the fixed ring 2.3 is provided with a first protection ring 7, the first protection ring 7 is embedded into the adjusting seat 3.1 and is respectively abutted against the fixed ring 2.3 and the adjusting seat 3.1, the periphery of the fixed ring 2.3 is provided with a second protection ring 8, the second protection ring 8 is respectively abutted against the inner wall of the adjusting seat 3.1 and the outer wall of the fixed ring 2.3, wherein the fixed ring 2.3 and the adjusting seat 3.1 form a gap for adjusting the adjusting seat 3.1 through the first protection ring 7, and the force for driving the nozzle 1 to be horizontally adjusted and the force for adjusting the axis inclination angle between the fixed ring 2.3 and the adjusting seat 3.1 are transmitted through the first protection ring 7 and the second protection ring 8, so that the abrasion between the adjusting seat 3.1 and the fixed ring 2.3 is effectively reduced, and the horizontal adjustment and the axis inclination angle adjustment of the centering substrate 2 are more stable and reliable.
Specifically, a centering assembly 9 is arranged below the nozzle 1, the centering assembly 9 comprises a positioning ring 9.1 which is coaxially arranged with the nozzle 1 and is abutted against the nozzle 1 so as to ensure that the nozzle 1 is supported and positioned in a certain manner in the adjusting process, a vertically arranged slide rail 9.2 is arranged at the lower end of the positioning ring 9.1, the slide rail 9.2 is arranged in parallel with the axis of the nozzle 1, a first slide plate 9.3 and a second slide plate 9.4 are sequentially arranged on the slide rail 9.2 in a sliding manner from top to bottom, a first small hole 9.5 is arranged on the first slide plate 9.3, a second small hole 9.6 is arranged on the second slide plate 9.4, wherein the first small hole 9.5 and the second small hole 9.6 are coaxially arranged, the axes of the first small hole 9.5 and the second small hole 9.6 correspond to the axis of a laser beam emitted by a laser, the diameters of the first small hole 9.5 and the second small hole 9.6 are in the range of 0.3-1 mm, in addition, two mutually perpendicular reference lines are arranged on the plate surface of the second slide, the two reference lines form four quadrants 9.7 which correspond to the inclination angle adjusting bolts 5.2, the four inclination angle adjusting bolts 5.2 are respectively arranged on angular bisectors of the quadrants, namely connecting lines of the four inclination angle adjusting bolts 5.2 are overlapped with the angular bisectors of the four quadrants 9.7, the inclination angle between the laser beam and the axis of the nozzle 1 is expressed more visually, and therefore the corresponding inclination angle adjusting bolts 5.2 can be rotated accurately.
As shown in fig. 5-7, specifically, the nozzle 1 includes an inner nozzle 1.1 and an outer nozzle 1.2, the lower end of which is conical, the inner nozzle 1.1 is provided with laser channels 1.3, the outer nozzle 1.2 is provided with powder inlets 1.2.1 arranged transversely, the powder inlets 1.2.1 are connected with the powder pipe 1.2.2, wherein, the number of the powder inlets 1.2.1 and the powder inlet pipe 1.2.2 is three, and the powder inlets are arranged uniformly and circumferentially at intervals, the upper end of the inner nozzle 1.1 is provided with a convex ring-shaped connecting part 1.2.5, the connecting part 1.2.5 of the inner nozzle 1.1 is abutted against and fixedly connected with the upper end of the outer nozzle 1.2 by bolts, the outer nozzle 1.2 is sleeved with the inner nozzle 1.1 to form a ring-shaped gas powder chamber 1.4 communicated with the powder inlet 1.2.1 and a conical ring-shaped gas channel 1.5, the lower end of the gas powder chamber 1.4 is provided with a plurality of through holes 1.4, the gas chamber is communicated with the gas channel 1.4, the gas channel 1.2, the gas channel is not communicated with the powder inlet 1.2, and the gas channel 1.4 is not communicated with the powder, after the gas powder in the powder tube 1.2.2 is uniformly mixed in the gas powder cavity 1.4, the gas powder uniformly enters the annular powder channel 1.5 through the through hole 1.4.2 and is converged into powder spots.
Specifically, a first annular groove 1.2.3 is arranged on the inner wall of the outer nozzle 1.2, a second annular groove 1.1 matched with the first annular groove 1.2.3 is arranged on the outer wall of the inner nozzle 1.1, after the outer nozzle 1.2 and the inner nozzle 1.1 are sleeved and connected, the first annular groove 1.2.3 and the second annular groove 1.1 form an annular gas powder cavity 1.4, and high-speed gas powder flows into the gas powder cavity 1.4 through the powder inlet 1.2.1, moves along an annular track formed by the first annular groove 1.2.3 and the second annular groove 1.1.1 and collides with the inner wall of the gas powder cavity 1.4, so that the whole gas powder cavity 1.4 is filled with gas powder and is fully mixed.
Specifically, a plurality of steel balls 1.4.1 are embedded in the inner cavity wall of the gas powder cavity 1.4, and the steel balls 1.4.1 are uniformly arranged on the cavity wall, so that when gas powder is filled in the gas powder cavity 1.4 along the 1.4 track of the gas powder cavity, the gas powder erodes the steel balls 1.4.1 in the gas powder cavity 1.4, and the steel balls 1.4.1 embedded in the cavity wall have a certain radian, so that the collision positions and rebounding angles of the powder in the gas powder on the steel balls 1.4.1 are different, and the powder particles with different original particle sizes are gradually homogenized along with the back-and-forth collision of the gas powder on the cambered surface of the steel balls 1.4.1, so that the gas powder in the gas powder cavity 1.4 reaches a uniform state.
Specifically, the opening of the annular powder passage 1.5 is gradually reduced along the powder discharging direction so as to increase the powder convergence during powder discharging.
Specifically, the outlet end of the through hole 1.4.2 is provided with a mixing chamber 1.2.4, the mixing chamber 1.2.4 is communicated with the annular powder channel 1.5, and after gas powder enters the mixing chamber 1.2.4 through the through hole 1.4.2 to be secondarily mixed, the gas powder enters the annular powder channel 1.5 to be discharged, so that the uniformity of the gas powder is further ensured, and the blockage in the annular powder channel 1.5 is avoided.
Specifically, the outer wall of outer nozzle 1.2 is equipped with the cooling trough 1.6.2 that supplies the water body to flow, the outside cover of outer nozzle 1.2 is equipped with water course cover 1.6, cooling trough 1.6.2 constitutes the passageway that supplies the water body to flow with water course cover 1.6, the tip of water course cover 1.6 offsets with connecting portion 1.2.5 of inner nozzle 1.1, and water course cover 1.6 closely laminates with outer nozzle 1.2, be connected with inlet tube 1.6.1 and outlet pipe 1.6.1 on the water course cover 1.6, the water body flows in cooling trough 1.6.2 and reaches the cooling effect to nozzle 1.
Specifically, the cooling water tank 1.6.2 is composed of a plurality of C-shaped channels 1.6.3 arranged along the axial direction, wherein the C-shaped channel 1.6.3 at the uppermost end is provided with a water inlet channel 1.6.4 and a water outlet channel 1.6.5, the adjacent C-shaped channels 1.6.3 are communicated with each other, a serpentine cooling water tank 1.6.2 is formed on the outer nozzle 1.2, and the serpentine cooling water tank completely covers the outer wall of the outer nozzle 1.2, so as to achieve the optimal cooling effect.
Specifically, the size of the opening of the laser channel 1.3 gradually decreases along the powder discharge direction.
As shown in fig. 8, an adjusting method of an adjustable high-speed laser cladding annular coaxial powder feeding nozzle includes the following steps:
a. placing the nozzle 1 on the positioning ring 9.1;
b. turning on the laser, the laser beam is emitted from the center of the nozzle 1 through a lens arranged on the upper part of the centering matrix 2;
c. the laser beam forms a spot on the first slide 9.3;
d. rotating the horizontal adjusting bolt 4.2 until the laser beam passes through the axis of the first small hole 9.5;
e. judging whether the laser beam simultaneously passes through the axes of the first small hole 9.5 and the second small hole 9.6;
f. if yes, finishing the adjustment;
g. if not, the laser beam forms a light spot on the second sliding plate 9.4, and the following steps are continued;
h. rotating the corresponding inclination angle adjusting bolt 5.2 to enable the light spot to be close to the second small hole 9.6;
i. judging whether the laser beam simultaneously passes through the axes of the first small hole 9.5 and the second small hole 9.6;
j. if yes, finishing the adjustment;
k. if not, the light spot appears on the first sliding plate 9.3 and does not appear on the second sliding plate 9.4, and the fact that the axis of the laser beam is not overlapped with the axis of the nozzle 1 is proved, the step d is returned until the laser beam simultaneously passes through the axes of the first small hole 9.5 and the second small hole 9.6;
l, finishing the adjustment;
m. rotating the adjusting seat 3.1 to adjust the axial position of the lens until reaching the set defocusing amount.
By taking the axes of the first small hole 9.5 and the second small hole 9.6 as a reference, firstly, the axis of the laser beam passing through the first small hole 9.5 or the second small hole 9.6 is taken as a primary judgment, namely, the laser beam intersects with the axis of the nozzle 1, then, the axis of the laser beam simultaneously passing through the first small hole 9.5 and the second small hole 9.6 is taken as a secondary judgment, namely, the laser beam coincides with the axis of the nozzle 1, and finally, when the laser beam simultaneously passes through the axes of the first small hole 9.5 and the second small hole 9.6, the distance between the first sliding plate 9.3 and the second sliding plate 9.4 is increased by moving the positions of the first sliding plate 9.3 and the second sliding plate 9.4 on the sliding rail 9.2, if the laser beam can still simultaneously pass through the axes of the first small hole 9.5 and the second small hole 9.6, the coaxiality of the laser beam and the axis of the nozzle is more fully ensured, and the adjustment.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a high-speed laser cladding annular is coaxial send whitewashed nozzle with adjustable which characterized in that: comprises a centering matrix (2) and a nozzle (1) which are coaxially arranged, wherein a focusing component (3) is sleeved on the periphery of the centering matrix (2), the focusing component (3) is connected with the nozzle (1) and drives the centering base body (2) to move along the axial direction so as to adjust the distance between the laser focus and the surface of the workpiece, the centering matrix (2) extends along the radial direction to form a centering part (2.1), the upper end of the centering part (2.1) is provided with a centering end plate (5.1), the lower end of the centering end plate (5.1) is fixedly connected with a centering seat (4.1), a cavity for movably adjusting the middle part (2.1) is arranged between the centering seat (4.1) and the centering base body (2), a horizontal adjusting piece (4) for horizontally adjusting the centering base body (2) is arranged on the outer side of the centering seat (4.1), the upper end of the centering end plate (5.1) is provided with an inclination angle adjusting piece (5) for adjusting the axial inclination of the centering base body (2);
the inclination angle adjusting piece (5) comprises a plurality of inclination angle adjusting bolts (5.2) arranged at the upper end of the centering end plate (5.1) at intervals along the circumferential direction, and the inclination angle adjusting bolts (5.2) are arranged in parallel with the axis of the centering end plate (5.1).
2. The adjustable high-speed laser cladding annular coaxial powder feeding nozzle of claim 1, which is characterized in that: horizontal adjusting piece (4) are including locating a plurality of horizontal adjusting bolt (4.2) to well seat (4.1) outer wall along circumference interval, horizontal adjusting bolt (4.2) set up with the axis of centering base member (2) is perpendicular.
3. The adjustable high-speed laser cladding annular coaxial powder feeding nozzle of claim 1, which is characterized in that: focusing subassembly (3) still establish solid fixed ring (2.3), regulation seat (3.1), adjusting collar (3.2) and adapter sleeve (3.3) at centering base member (2) periphery including the cover, gu fixed ring (2.3) and centering base member (2) interference fit, gu fixed ring (2.3) top is located in regulation seat (3.1), the lower extreme and the adjusting collar (3.2) fixed connection of adjusting seat (3.1), adjusting collar (3.2) and adapter sleeve (3.3) threaded connection, adapter sleeve (3.3) lower extreme and nozzle (1) fixed connection.
4. The adjustable high-speed laser cladding annular coaxial powder feeding nozzle of claim 3, characterized in that: the centering base body (2) is provided with a guide groove (2.2) which is parallel to the axis, and the connecting sleeve (3.3) is provided with a limiting pin (3.4) which is matched with the guide groove (2.2) in a penetrating way.
5. The adjustable high-speed laser cladding annular coaxial powder feeding nozzle of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the lower end surface of the middle part (2.1) is provided with an elastic part (6) which is propped against the middle seat (4.1).
6. The adjustable high-speed laser cladding annular coaxial powder feeding nozzle of claim 3, characterized in that: the utility model discloses a safety protection device, including solid fixed ring (2.3), solid fixed ring (2.3) upper end is equipped with first guard ring (7), gu fixed ring (2.3) periphery is equipped with second guard ring (8), second guard ring (8) and first guard ring (7) all offset with regulation seat (3.1) and solid fixed ring (2.3).
7. The adjustable high-speed laser cladding annular coaxial powder feeding nozzle of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the below of nozzle (1) is equipped with centering subassembly (9), centering subassembly (9) are including holding ring (9.1) that nozzle (1) offseted, holding ring (9.1) lower extreme is equipped with slide rail (9.2) of vertical setting, slidable is equipped with first slide (9.3) and second slide (9.4) in proper order on slide rail (9.2), be equipped with first aperture (9.5) on first slide (9.3), be equipped with second aperture (9.6) on second slide (9.4), first aperture (9.5) and the coaxial setting of second aperture (9.6).
8. The adjustable high-speed laser cladding annular coaxial powder feeding nozzle of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the center of nozzle (1) is equipped with laser passageway (1.3), nozzle (1) outside is equipped with a plurality of and advances powder mouth (1.2.1), it is connected with powder pipe (1.2.2) to advance powder mouth (1.2.1), be equipped with in nozzle (1) with the annular gas powder chamber (1.4) of advancing powder mouth (1.2.1) intercommunication, gas powder chamber (1.4) below is equipped with conical annular powder way (1.5), gas powder chamber (1.4) lower extreme is equipped with a plurality of through-holes (1.4.2) along circumference interval, gas powder chamber (1.4) are through-hole (1.4.2) and annular powder way (1.5) intercommunication, gas powder in powder pipe (1.2.2) gets into annular powder way (1.5) through-hole (1.4.2) after the homogeneous mixing in gas powder chamber (1.4) in order to go out the powder.
9. The method for adjusting the adjustable high-speed laser cladding annular coaxial powder feeding nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a. placing the nozzle (1) on a positioning ring (9.1);
b. turning on a laser, and emitting a laser beam from the center of the nozzle (1) through a lens arranged on the upper part of the centering matrix (2);
c. the laser beam forms a light spot on the first sliding plate (9.3);
d. rotating the horizontal adjusting bolt (4.2) until the laser beam passes through the axis of the first small hole (9.5);
e. judging whether the laser beam simultaneously passes through the axes of the first small hole (9.5) and the second small hole (9.6);
f. if yes, finishing the adjustment;
g. if not, the laser beam forms a light spot on the second sliding plate (9.4), and the following steps are continued;
h. rotating the corresponding inclination angle adjusting bolt (5.2) to enable the light spot to be close to the second small hole (9.6);
i. judging whether the laser beam simultaneously passes through the axes of the first small hole (9.5) and the second small hole (9.6);
j. if yes, finishing the adjustment;
k. if not, the light spot appears on the first sliding plate (9.3) and does not appear on the second sliding plate (9.4), and the axis of the laser beam is proved to be not coincident with the axis of the nozzle (1), returning to the step d until the laser beam simultaneously passes through the axes of the first small hole (9.5) and the second small hole (9.6);
l, finishing the adjustment;
and m, rotating the adjusting seat (3.1) to adjust the axial position of the lens until the set defocusing amount is reached.
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| CN113151819A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-07-23 | 徐玲萍 | High-efficiency cooling device for laser cladding remanufacturing |
| CN113913809A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2022-01-11 | 武汉锐科光纤激光技术股份有限公司 | Laser cladding light spot position correction auxiliary device and method |
| CN117282994B (en) * | 2023-11-24 | 2024-02-13 | 山西通创智能制造股份有限公司 | Additive manufacturing repair robot |
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| CN101264519B (en) * | 2008-04-08 | 2010-06-16 | 西安交通大学 | Adjustable laser coaxial powder feeding nozzle |
| CN102061467A (en) * | 2010-11-02 | 2011-05-18 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Adjustable laser coaxial powder-feeding nozzle |
| CN102554471B (en) * | 2011-12-13 | 2014-09-03 | 西安交通大学 | Angle-adjustable four-pipe powder feeding nozzle for laser direct forming |
| CN105290399B (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2017-12-29 | 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 | Powder feeding mechanism |
| CN105798303B (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2018-09-25 | 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 | Annular powder feeding nozzle |
| CN106584849A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-04-26 | 上海普睿玛智能科技有限公司 | 3D laser printing machining head capable of automatically focusing |
| CN108456880A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-08-28 | 成都青石激光科技有限公司 | A kind of big defocus quantity regulating device of laser melting coating |
| CN208604208U (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2019-03-15 | 成都青石激光科技有限公司 | A kind of big defocus quantity regulating device of laser melting coating |
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