CN110104872B - Treatment device and method for high-speed rail station toilet wastewater - Google Patents

Treatment device and method for high-speed rail station toilet wastewater Download PDF

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CN110104872B
CN110104872B CN201910313697.0A CN201910313697A CN110104872B CN 110104872 B CN110104872 B CN 110104872B CN 201910313697 A CN201910313697 A CN 201910313697A CN 110104872 B CN110104872 B CN 110104872B
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tank
sewage
excrement
water
sedimentation tank
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CN110104872A (en
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姚宏
范利茹
赖偲
田盛
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Beijing Jiaotong University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5281—Installations for water purification using chemical agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F2001/5218—Crystallization
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
    • C02F3/307—Nitrification and denitrification treatment characterised by direct conversion of nitrite to molecular nitrogen, e.g. by using the Anammox process

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  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
  • Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a treatment device and a treatment method for high-speed rail station toilet wastewater, wherein the device comprises a pretreatment system, a coupling biochemical treatment system and a deep purification system which are sequentially connected; the pretreatment system comprises an adjusting tank, a coagulating sedimentation tank and a primary sedimentation tank, and the sewage of the excrement collector is collected and then discharged to the adjusting tank through a water inlet; the coupled biochemical treatment system comprises a pre-biochemical system, an anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank and a deep denitrification system which are sequentially connected through a communication port, the deep purification system comprises a ceramic membrane filtration system, a water outlet pipeline of the deep denitrification system in the coupled biochemical treatment system is connected with a water inlet of the ceramic membrane filtration system through a water inlet pump, and a water outlet pipeline of the ceramic membrane filtration system is connected with a water collecting tank. The invention provides a novel method for treating sewage of a toilet bowl, which can ensure that COD, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen are discharged to reach the standard, has low treatment cost and small occupied area. Can improve the utilization rate of water resources and reduce the pollution of the sewage of the excrement collector to the environment.

Description

Treatment device and method for high-speed rail station toilet wastewater
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a device and a method for treating sewage of a high-speed rail station toilet.
Background
The toilet is installed on the high-speed train in China from the wide and deep line 'blue arrow' motor train unit and the Jingjin 'Shenzhou' motor train unit in 2000, and the work of installing/refitting the toilet on the passenger train in China is rapidly developed and comprehensively promoted in the last two decades, particularly in 2003 after 'SARS'. At present, newly-opened 'harmony' motor train unit trains all adopt closed toilets, and a part of common passenger trains (particularly Jing-entering trains) are also provided with/modified excrement collectors. The adoption of the passenger train closed toilet changes the dispersive discharge mode of 'instant discharge' of excrement sewage of a direct discharge toilet, and the situation of 'relieving the bowels anywhere' of a train is gradually changed, but the problem of treatment and disposal of a large amount of high-concentration excrement sewage is caused.
At present, the railway operation line in China reaches 12.7 kilometers, and the annual passenger capacity is more than 30 hundred million people. According to measurement and calculation, more than 500 million tons of excrement and sewage are directly discharged along the railway and on two sides of station tracks by passenger trains adopting the direct discharge toilets every year. On the other hand, the train is additionally provided with the toilet collectors, and then a flushing mode with low water consumption (the current toilet of the motor train unit train is only 0.5L/time, and the water consumption is less than 1/10 of the common toilet), so the concentration of sewage pollutants in the toilet collectors of the high-speed train is far higher than that in the drainage of the common toilet. The wastewater of the high-speed train excrement collector has the characteristics of high organic matter concentration, high ammonia nitrogen, high suspended matters, high chroma, high phosphorus content and the like.
The water quality of the high-speed rail toilet wastewater collector is characterized by three high: high organic matter (COD is more than or equal to 5000mg/L), high ammonia nitrogen (more than or equal to 2000mg/L), high suspended matter (more than or equal to 2000mg/L) and great treatment difficulty. At present, the treatment modes of excrement and sewage collection at high-speed railway stations in China mainly comprise:
(1) the sewage of the excrement collector is discharged into a municipal pipe network for treatment, but the concentration of the pollutants in the sewage of the excrement collector is dozens of times of that in the domestic sewage, and the discharge of the sewage of the excrement collector greatly increases the treatment burden of a municipal treatment system;
(2) the environmental sanitation department is adopted for receiving and processing, but the cost for processing the excrement-collecting sewage per ton is about 30-80 yuan, and the cost is high.
In view of this, the high-speed rail station section is more suitable for self-construction of a sewage treatment station for sewage treatment. Although some researches are made in this respect in China and some methods and processes are proposed, the aeration energy consumption and the medicament addition of the treatment methods are large, part of the technologies are still in the laboratory stage, the engineering implementation is not easy, and the total nitrogen and total phosphorus are difficult to reach the standard. In addition, the existing sewage treatment system has large water discharge capacity and is not recycled, so that the waste of water resources is caused, and the sewage discharge cost is increased.
At present, a new process and a new method for treating the sewage of the toilet wastewater at the high-speed rail station section, which can ensure that the discharge of COD, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen reaches the standard, have low treatment cost and small occupied area, are urgently needed to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a device and a method for treating high-speed rail station toilet wastewater, which aim to overcome the defects of the existing high-speed rail station toilet wastewater treatment technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
According to one aspect of the invention, the treatment device for the sewage of the toilet at the high-speed rail station section comprises a pretreatment system, a coupling biochemical treatment system and a deep purification system which are sequentially connected;
the pretreatment system is positioned at the initial end of the treatment device and comprises an adjusting tank, a coagulating sedimentation tank and a primary sedimentation tank, the water outlet of the adjusting tank is connected with the water inlet of the coagulating sedimentation tank, the water outlet of the coagulating sedimentation tank is connected with the water inlet of the primary sedimentation tank, and the sewage of the excrement collector is collected and then discharged to the adjusting tank through the water inlet;
the coupled biochemical treatment system is positioned at the lower end of the pretreatment system and comprises a biochemical pretreatment system, an anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank and a deep denitrification system which are sequentially connected through a communication port, and a water inlet of the biochemical pretreatment system is connected with a water outlet of a primary sedimentation tank in the pretreatment system;
the deep purification system is positioned at the lower end of the coupled biochemical treatment system and comprises a ceramic membrane filtration system, a water outlet pipeline of the deep denitrification system in the coupled biochemical treatment system is connected with a water inlet of the ceramic membrane filtration system through a water inlet pump, and a water outlet pipeline of the ceramic membrane filtration system is connected with a water collecting tank.
Preferably, the upper part of the adjusting tank in the pretreatment system is provided with two layers of filter screen filtering devices, the coagulating sedimentation tank is internally provided with a stirring and dosing device and a slag discharge port, and the primary sedimentation tank is a vertical flow type sedimentation tank.
Preferably, a biochemical pretreatment system in the coupled biochemical treatment system comprises an anaerobic tank, an anoxic tank and an aerobic tank, wherein stirring paddles are arranged in the anaerobic tank and the anoxic tank, an aeration disc is arranged at the bottom of the aerobic tank, and the anaerobic tank, the anoxic tank and the aerobic tank are sequentially connected through communication holes, so that water flow can continuously flow;
the anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank in the coupled biochemical treatment system is internally provided with a special filler, the bottom of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank is provided with an aeration disc, the right water outlet end of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank is provided with a Y-shaped sedimentation tank, and the upper part of the Y-shaped sedimentation tank is provided with a water outlet;
the deep denitrification system in the coupled biochemical treatment system comprises an aerobic tank, an anoxic tank and a secondary sedimentation tank, wherein an aeration disc is arranged at the bottom of the aerobic tank, a stirring paddle is arranged in the anoxic tank, and the secondary sedimentation tank is a vertical flow sedimentation tank.
Preferably, the lower part of the ceramic membrane filtering device in the deep purification system is provided with a sewage inlet and a matched water inlet pump, the upper part of the ceramic membrane filtering device is provided with a concentrated water cross flow port and an exhaust port, the top of the ceramic membrane filtering device is provided with a clear water outlet and is connected with a water production pump, the ceramic membrane filtering device is internally provided with an ultrafiltration membrane, and the bottom of the ceramic membrane filtering device is matched with an aeration.
According to another aspect of the invention, a method for treating high-speed rail station segment excrement collector sewage based on the device is provided, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: collecting excrement-collecting sewage and then discharging the collected excrement-collecting sewage to a pretreatment system, wherein a regulating tank in the pretreatment system utilizes a filter screen filtering device to regulate water quality and water quantity, the excrement-collecting sewage regulated by the regulating tank automatically flows to a coagulative precipitation tank, the coagulative precipitation tank removes partial ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus and suspended matters from the excrement-collecting sewage, the effluent of the coagulative precipitation tank is lifted to a primary sedimentation tank by a lifting pump, the primary sedimentation tank removes the residual suspended matters in the excrement-collecting sewage, and the effluent of the primary sedimentation tank automatically flows to a coupled biochemical treatment system;
step 2: a pre-biochemical system in the coupled biochemical treatment system removes most organic matters in the excrement collecting sewage and simultaneously adjusts the temperature and the pH value of the excrement collecting sewage;
most of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in the excrement collecting sewage are converted into nitrogen by an anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank in the coupled biochemical treatment system through anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria, so that a denitrification process of the sewage is realized;
the deep denitrification biochemical treatment system in the coupled biochemical treatment system realizes the standard reaching of the effluent ammonia nitrogen and the total nitrogen by adding part of the carbon source;
and step 3: the effluent of the coupled biochemical treatment system is lifted to a deep purification system through a lifting pump, most suspended matters in the excrement collecting sewage are removed by a ceramic membrane filtration system in the deep purification system, organic matters in the excrement collecting sewage are further removed, and the treated water quality reaching the standard is discharged.
Preferably, the hydraulic retention time of a regulating reservoir in the pretreatment system is 12 hours, and a filter screen filtering device in the regulating reservoir can remove more than 70% of suspended matters in the excrement collecting sewage.
Preferably, the pretreatment systemThe method comprises the steps of respectively removing 20-50% of ammonia nitrogen, 75-95% of total phosphorus and 70-90% of suspended matters in excrement collecting sewage by a MAP crystallization method and a flocculating agent in a coagulation sedimentation tank in the system, controlling the reaction pH of the coagulation sedimentation tank to 9 and the temperature to 30 ℃, and controlling MgCl in the coagulation sedimentation tank to be MgCl2·6H2The adding amount of O is determined according to the content of phosphorus in the excrement collecting sewage, and n (Mg) is controlled2+)∶n(PO3 -) The adding amount of the flocculating agents PAFC and PAM is 25-35 mg/L and 2-4 mg/L respectively when the ratio of the flocculating agents PAFC and PAM is 1.2-1.6: 1.
Preferably, the retention time of the excrement collecting sewage in a pre-biochemical system in the coupled biochemical treatment system is 24 hours, the pre-biochemical system removes 80-90% of phosphorus in the excrement collecting sewage through anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic conversion, simultaneously removes 60-70% of ammonia nitrogen in the excrement collecting sewage after converting the ammonia nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen or nitrite nitrogen, and removes more than 75% of organic matters in the excrement collecting sewage;
the denitrification volume load of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank in the coupled biochemical treatment system is 0.4kg/m3D, removing more than 95% of ammonia nitrogen, more than 85% of total nitrogen and 50% of organic matters in the excrement collecting sewage by using anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria;
the retention time of the advanced denitrification system in the coupled biochemical treatment system is 24 hours, the advanced denitrification system performs denitrification and dephosphorization treatment on the excrement collection sewage to remove more than 70% of organic matters and total phosphorus in the excrement collection sewage, and carbon sources are added into an anoxic tank in which the advanced denitrification system stops to remove more than 90% of total nitrogen in the excrement collection sewage.
Preferably, in an anaerobic tank A1 in a pre-biochemical system in the coupled biochemical treatment system, COD (chemical oxygen demand) substances in the sewage are partially decomposed, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen is reduced due to cell synthesis, the content of phosphorus is increased due to the release of phosphorus accumulating bacteria, and the sewage output by the anaerobic tank A1 enters an anoxic tank A2; in the anoxic tank A2, organic matters in the sewage are utilized as a carbon source by denitrifying bacteria, nitrate in the sewage is converted into N2 under the action of denitrification, the concentration of the nitrate is reduced, and the sewage output by the anoxic tank A2 enters the aerobic tank O1; in the aerobic tank O1, the organic matter is reduced continuously due to aerobic degradation, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus is reduced due to nitrification and phosphorus-accumulating bacteria intake, and then the pH value in water is adjusted by controlling the sludge concentration, the air supply quantity and the reflux ratio in the system;
the anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank in the coupled biochemical treatment system realizes biofilm formation enrichment of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria through special fillers, part of ammonia nitrogen in sewage is converted into nitrite nitrogen through suspended short-range nitrifying bacteria under the aeration condition, and the rest ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are converted into nitrogen by the anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria on the fillers to realize removal of nitrogen;
aerobic tank O2 in the deep denitrification biochemical treatment system in the coupled biochemical treatment system removes the residual toxic and harmful organic matters and ammonia nitrogen at the front section through nitrification, glucose is added into anoxic tank A3, the removal of residual nitrate and nitrogen is realized through denitrification so as to realize the standard reaching of total nitrogen, meanwhile, phosphorus-accumulating bacteria are used for removing phosphorus through the alternation of anoxic tank A3 and aerobic tank O2, then, solid-liquid separation is realized through a secondary sedimentation tank, the backflow of partial sludge is realized, and the concentration of the sludge in the tank is ensured.
Preferably, the operation flux of a ceramic membrane filtration system in the deep purification system is 1-1000L/h, the pH value is 4-9, the water temperature is not more than 40 ℃, and aeration is automatically carried out in the working process of the ceramic membrane filtration system to maintain the membrane flux.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the advanced MAP crystallization method and flocculant combined technology and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation novel biological denitrification and ceramic membrane filtration technology are adopted, and after the sewage of the toilet wastewater at the high-speed rail station section is treated by the system, the effluent can reach the first-class A discharge standard of pollutant discharge Standard of urban Sewage treatment plant (GB18918-2002), and simultaneously meet the requirements of quality standard of recycled Water for railways (TB/T3007-2000) on low-quality water production/miscellaneous Water for life/landscape water production, and can be recycled to the station section for production water and domestic water. The system realizes low-energy-consumption and low-cost treatment of the high-speed rail station segment excrement collector sewage, can improve the utilization rate of water resources, provides technical support for green development of the high-speed rail industry, reduces pollution of the excrement collector sewage to the environment, and promotes the high-speed rail industry to realize environment-friendly high-speed development.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a treatment device for sewage of a high-speed rail station segment toilet wastewater collector provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Further, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein may include wirelessly connected or coupled. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
For the convenience of understanding the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will be further explained by taking several specific embodiments as examples in conjunction with the drawings, and the embodiments are not to be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a treatment device for sewage of a high-speed rail station segment excrement collector. The structure schematic diagram of the device is shown in fig. 1, and the device comprises a pretreatment system, a coupling biochemical treatment system and a deep purification system which are connected in sequence.
The pretreatment system is positioned at the initial end of the device and comprises a regulating tank RA1, a coagulating sedimentation tank RA2 and a primary sedimentation tank RA3 which are connected in sequence; after the excrement collector collects sewage, the sewage is discharged to an adjusting tank RA1 through a water inlet, a water outlet of the adjusting tank RA1 is connected with a water inlet of a coagulating sedimentation tank RA2, and a water outlet of the coagulating sedimentation tank RA2 is connected with a water inlet of a primary sedimentation tank RA 3. The effluent of the adjusting tank RA1 is transmitted to a coagulating sedimentation tank RA2, and the effluent of the coagulating sedimentation tank RA2 is transmitted to a primary sedimentation tank RA3 after the water level is increased by a lift pump.
The integrated coupled biochemical treatment system is positioned at the lower end of the pretreatment system and comprises a pretreatment biochemical system RB1, an anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank RB2 and a deep denitrification system RB3 which are sequentially connected through a communication port, and a water inlet of the pretreatment biochemical system RB1 is connected with a water outlet of a primary sedimentation tank RA3 in the pretreatment system.
The deep purification system is positioned at the lower end of the coupled biochemical treatment system and comprises a ceramic membrane filtration system R3; and a water outlet pipeline of the deep denitrification system RB3 in the coupling biochemical treatment system is connected with a water inlet of the ceramic membrane filtration system R3 through a water inlet pump, and a water outlet pipeline of the ceramic membrane filtration system R3 is connected with the water collecting tank.
Particularly, two layers of filter screen filtering devices are arranged at the upper part of an adjusting tank RA1 in the pretreatment system, a stirring and dosing device and a slag discharge port are arranged in a coagulating sedimentation tank RA2, and a primary sedimentation tank RA3 is a vertical flow type sedimentation tank.
Particularly, in the coupled biochemical treatment system, the biochemical pretreatment system RB1 comprises an anaerobic tank A1, an anoxic tank A2 and an aerobic tank O1, stirring paddles are arranged in the anaerobic tank A1 and the anoxic tank A2, an aeration disc is arranged at the bottom of the aerobic tank O1, and communication holes are formed in partition walls among the tanks, so that water flow can continuously flow.
The anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank RB2 is internally provided with a special filler, the bottom of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank RB2 is provided with an aeration disc, the right water outlet end of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank RB2 is provided with a Y-shaped sedimentation tank, and the upper part of the Y-shaped sedimentation tank is provided with a water outlet.
The deep denitrification system RB3 comprises an aerobic tank O2, an anoxic tank A3, an aerobic tank O2 and a secondary sedimentation tank, wherein aeration discs are arranged at the bottoms of the aerobic tank O2 and the anoxic tank O3, stirring paddles are arranged in the anoxic tank A3, and the secondary sedimentation tank is a vertical sedimentation tank.
Particularly, a sewage inlet and a matched water inlet pump are arranged at the lower part of a ceramic membrane filtering system R3 in the deep purification system, a concentrated water cross flow port and an exhaust port are arranged at the upper part of the ceramic membrane filtering system, a clear water product water port is arranged at the top of the ceramic membrane filtering system R3 and connected with a water production pump, an ultrafiltration membrane is arranged inside the ceramic membrane filtering system R3, and an aeration device is arranged at the bottom of the ceramic membrane filtering.
The sewage treatment process of the treatment device for the high-speed rail station toilet wastewater mainly comprises the following steps:
step 1: the excrement collecting sewage is collected and then discharged to a pretreatment system, the pretreatment system comprises an adjusting tank, a coagulating sedimentation tank and a primary sedimentation tank, and the adjusting tank is mainly used for collecting the excrement collecting sewage, removing toilet paper and large excrement in the sewage and adjusting and storing water quality and water quantity. The excrement collecting sewage regulated by the regulating tank automatically flows to a coagulating sedimentation tank, the coagulating sedimentation tank removes partial ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus and suspended matters from the excrement collecting sewage, and the effluent of the coagulating sedimentation tank is lifted to a primary sedimentation tank through a lifting pump. And the primary sedimentation tank removes the residual suspended matters in the excrement collecting sewage, and the effluent of the primary sedimentation tank flows to the coupling biochemical treatment system automatically.
Step 2: the coupled biochemical treatment system comprises a pre-biochemical system, an anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank and a deep denitrification system,
in the anaerobic tank A1 of the biochemical pretreatment system, high COD substances in the sewage are partially decomposed in the section, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is also reduced slightly due to the synthesis of cells, and the phosphorus content is increased due to the release of phosphorus accumulating bacteria. And the sewage output by the anaerobic tank A1 enters an anoxic tank A2 to carry out denitrification process. In the anoxic pond A2, organic matters in the sewage are utilized as carbon sources by denitrifying bacteria, nitrate in the sewage is converted into N2 through the action of denitrification, and the concentration of the nitrate is greatly reduced. The sewage output by the anoxic tank A2 enters an aerobic tank O1 for carrying out oxidative degradation of organic matters and nitration reaction, and in the aerobic tank O1, the organic matters are continuously reduced due to aerobic degradation, and the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus are reduced at a higher speed due to nitrification and phosphorus accumulating bacteria intake. And then, the pH value in the water is adjusted by controlling the sludge concentration, the air supply amount and the reflux ratio in the system.
The anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank realizes biofilm formation enrichment of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria through a specially-made special filler, partial ammonia nitrogen in sewage is converted into nitrite nitrogen through suspended short-cut nitrifying bacteria under the condition of a small amount of aeration, and the rest ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are converted into nitrogen by the anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria on the filler to realize removal of nitrogen. The inside of anaerobic ammonia oxidation pond is equipped with Y type sedimentation tank, thereby prevents that mud from following the play water outflow and guaranteeing the mud concentration in the system.
And removing the residual toxic and harmful organic matters and ammonia nitrogen at the front section by nitrification in an aerobic tank O2 in the deep denitrification biochemical treatment system, adding glucose into an anoxic tank A3, removing the residual nitrate nitrogen by denitrification so as to achieve the standard reaching of total nitrogen, and simultaneously removing phosphorus by phosphorus accumulating bacteria by alternately realizing the anoxic tank A3 and the aerobic tank O2. Then, solid-liquid separation is realized through a secondary sedimentation tank, and part of sludge flows back to ensure the concentration of the sludge in the tank;
and step 3: the coupled biochemical treatment system's play water promotes to deep purification system through the elevator pump, and this deep purification system includes ceramic membrane filtration system, and ceramic membrane filtration system will collect most suspended solid in the just sewage and get rid of, further gets rid of the organic matter in the just sewage of collection simultaneously, guarantees that quality of water is up to standard. And then, discharging the treated water quality reaching the standard.
The hydraulic retention time of the regulating reservoir in the pretreatment system is 12 hours, and the filter screen filtering device can remove more than 70% of suspended matters in sewage.
The coagulating sedimentation tank in the pretreatment system passes through MAP (MgNH)4PO4·6H2O, struvite) crystallization method and a flocculating agent are combined to remove 20-50% of ammonia nitrogen, 75-95% of total phosphorus and 70-90% of suspended matters respectively. Controlling the reaction pH of the coagulating sedimentation tank to about 9 and the temperature to about 30 ℃, wherein MgCl is a medicament required to be added in the MAP crystallization process2·6H2The adding amount of O is determined according to the content of phosphorus in the excrement collecting sewage, and n (Mg) is controlled2+)∶n(PO3 -) 1.2-1.6: 1, flocculating agent PAFC (AL)2(OH)nCl6 -n)m·[Fe2(OH)NCl6 - N]MThe adding amount of polyaluminum ferric chloride) and PAM (Polyacrylamide) is 25-35 mg/L and 2-4 mg/L respectively.
The retention time of the biochemical pretreatment system in the coupled biochemical treatment system is 24 h. 80-90% of phosphorus remaining in the excrement collecting sewage is removed through anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic conversion, 60-70% of ammonia nitrogen remaining in the excrement collecting sewage is removed after being converted into nitrate nitrogen or nitrite nitrogen, and more than 75% of organic matters remaining in the excrement collecting sewage are removed.
The denitrification volume load of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank in the coupled biochemical treatment system is 0.4kg/m3D. The anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank is a core process of the whole system, and more than 95% of ammonia nitrogen, more than 85% of total nitrogen and about 50% of organic matters in the wastewater are removed through anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria.
The residence time of the deep denitrification system in the coupled biochemical treatment system is 24 hours, the deep denitrification and dephosphorization are mainly carried out, more than 70% of organic matters and total phosphorus can be removed, and more than 90% of total nitrogen can be removed by adding part of carbon source through the anoxic tank A3.
The ceramic membrane filtration system of the deep purification system has the operation flux of 1-1000L/h, the pH value of 4-9 and the water temperature of no more than 40 ℃. The aeration can be automatically carried out in the working process of the equipment to maintain the membrane flux, and the single chemical soaking is carried out on the interior of the equipment generally once in about one month, so that the total time is about 2-6 hours.
With the structure shown in fig. 1, the specific implementation process of the device for treating the sewage of the toilet wastewater at the high-speed rail station section comprises the following steps:
the pretreatment system is positioned at the initial end of the waste water treatment system of the toilet, waste water of the toilet is discharged into an adjusting tank RA1 of the pretreatment system through a water inlet (1) after being collected, the upper end of the adjusting tank RA1 is provided with two layers of filter screen filtering devices (2), and the waste water filtered and adjusted by the adjusting tank RA1 enters the coagulating sedimentation tank RA2 through an upper water outlet (3) of the adjusting tank RA1 and a water inlet (4) of the coagulating sedimentation tank RA 2. Be provided with stirring rake (5) and charge device (6) in coagulating sedimentation pond RA2 pond, during the medicament got into coagulating sedimentation pond RA2 through adding medicine mouth (7), carried out crystallization flocculation reaction with sewage, the waste residue that produces after the reaction was discharged through bottom row cinder notch (8). A water outlet (9) of the coagulation sedimentation tank RA2 is connected with a water inlet pipe (11) of the primary sedimentation tank RA3 through a lift pump (10), and sewage coagulated and precipitated through the coagulation sedimentation tank RA2 flows into the primary sedimentation tank RA3 through a central guide cylinder (12).
An upper water outlet (13) of the primary sedimentation tank RA3 is connected with a water inlet (14) of a pre-biochemical system RB1 of the coupled biochemical treatment system, and sewage which is primarily sedimentated by the primary sedimentation tank RA3 automatically flows into the pre-biochemical system RB 1. Sewage flows into an anaerobic tank A1, an anoxic tank A2 and an aerobic tank O1 of a biochemical system RB1, an aerobic tank O2 of an anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank RB2 and a deep denitrification system R23, an anoxic tank A3, an aerobic tank O2 and a secondary sedimentation tank in sequence through communicating holes (15) of partition walls among the tanks, wherein stirring paddles (16) are arranged in the anaerobic tank A1, the anoxic tank A2 and the anoxic tank A3, aeration discs (17) are arranged at the bottoms of the aerobic tank O1, the aerobic tank O2 and the aerobic tank O3, and the aeration discs (17) are connected with each other through an air inlet pipe (19) by an aeration device (18) for air distribution. The anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank RB2 is internally provided with a special filler (20), and the right water outlet end is provided with a Y-shaped sedimentation tank (21). The water outlet (22) of the deep denitrification system RB3 is connected with the water inlet (23) at the lower part of the ceramic membrane filtering system R3 in the deep purification system, and the sewage treated by the deep denitrification system RB3 flows into the ceramic membrane filtering system R3 through the water inlet pump (24).
Along with the work of the water inlet pump (24) and the water production pump (25), an ultrafiltration membrane component (26) in the ceramic membrane filtration system R3 starts to filter the produced water, the concentrated water produced after filtration returns to the front section of the coupled biochemical treatment system through a concentrated water cross-flow port (27), the produced clean water enters a water collecting tank through a clean water production port (28) at the top for recycling, and finally the produced water is recycled to the high-speed rail station section. When the water generating pump (25) stops working, the aeration device (29) is opened to carry out self-cleaning of the ultrafiltration membrane, so that membrane pollution is reduced, and aeration gas is discharged from the gas outlet (30).
The hydraulic flow among the systems can be driven by a height difference or a pump pressure according to the specific conditions on site, and the actual size of each device can be adjusted according to the quality of inlet water, the water inflow and the process design parameters of each unit.
In conclusion, the device provided by the invention adopts an advanced MAP crystallization method and flocculant combined technology and a novel anaerobic ammonium oxidation biological denitrification and ceramic membrane filtration technology, after the sewage of the toilet wastewater at the high-speed railway station section is treated by the device, the effluent can reach the first-class A discharge standard of pollutant discharge Standard of urban Sewage treatment plant (GB18918-2002), and simultaneously meets the requirements of low-quality water/miscellaneous Water for Life/landscape water production in quality Standard of Water for railway reuse (TB/T3007-2000), and the effluent can be recycled to the station section for production and domestic water, so that water resources are greatly saved, and social benefits and economic benefits are very remarkable. The system realizes low-energy-consumption and low-cost treatment of the high-speed rail station segment excrement collector sewage, can improve the utilization rate of water resources, provides technical support for green development of the high-speed rail industry, reduces pollution of the excrement collector sewage to the environment, and promotes the high-speed rail industry to realize environment-friendly high-speed development.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the components in the system in the embodiment may be distributed in the system in the embodiment according to the description of the embodiment, and may be correspondingly changed in one or more devices different from the embodiment. The components of the above embodiments may be combined into one component, or may be further divided into a plurality of sub-components.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the figures are merely schematic representations of one embodiment, and the blocks or flow diagrams in the figures are not necessarily required to practice the present invention.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for apparatus or system embodiments, since they are substantially similar to method embodiments, they are described in relative terms, as long as they are described in partial descriptions of method embodiments. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus and system are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and the parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (9)

1. A treatment device for sewage of a high-speed rail station segment excrement collector is characterized by comprising a pretreatment system, a coupling biochemical treatment system and a deep purification system which are sequentially connected;
the pretreatment system is positioned at the initial end of the treatment device and comprises an adjusting tank, a coagulating sedimentation tank and a primary sedimentation tank, the water outlet of the adjusting tank is connected with the water inlet of the coagulating sedimentation tank, the water outlet of the coagulating sedimentation tank is connected with the water inlet of the primary sedimentation tank, and the sewage of the excrement collector is collected and then discharged to the adjusting tank through the water inlet;
the coupled biochemical treatment system is positioned at the lower end of the pretreatment system and comprises a biochemical pretreatment system, an anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank and a deep denitrification system which are sequentially connected through a communication port, and a water inlet of the biochemical pretreatment system is connected with a water outlet of a primary sedimentation tank in the pretreatment system;
the biochemical pretreatment system in the coupled biochemical treatment system consists of an anaerobic tank, an anoxic tank and an aerobic tank, wherein stirring paddles are arranged in the anaerobic tank and the anoxic tank, an aeration disc is arranged at the bottom of the aerobic tank, and the anaerobic tank, the anoxic tank and the aerobic tank are sequentially connected through communicating holes so that water flow can continuously flow;
the anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank in the coupled biochemical treatment system is internally provided with a special filler, the bottom of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank is provided with an aeration disc, the right water outlet end of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank is provided with a Y-shaped sedimentation tank, and the upper part of the Y-shaped sedimentation tank is provided with a water outlet;
the deep denitrification system in the coupled biochemical treatment system consists of two aerobic tanks, an anoxic tank and a secondary sedimentation tank, wherein an aeration disc is arranged at the bottom of each aerobic tank, stirring paddles are arranged in each anoxic tank, each secondary sedimentation tank is a vertical sedimentation tank, and the aerobic tank O2, the anoxic tank A2, the aerobic tank O3 and the secondary sedimentation tank are sequentially connected through communication holes, so that water flow can continuously flow;
the deep purification system is positioned at the lower end of the coupled biochemical treatment system and comprises a ceramic membrane filtration system, a water outlet pipeline of the deep denitrification system in the coupled biochemical treatment system is connected with a water inlet of the ceramic membrane filtration system through a water inlet pump, and a water outlet pipeline of the ceramic membrane filtration system is connected with a water collecting tank.
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the upper part of the adjusting tank in the pretreatment system is provided with two layers of filter screen filtering devices, the coagulating sedimentation tank is provided with a stirring and dosing device and a slag discharge port, and the primary sedimentation tank is a vertical sedimentation tank.
3. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the ceramic membrane filtration device in the deep purification system is provided with a sewage inlet and a matched water inlet pump at the lower part, a concentrated water cross flow port and an exhaust port at the upper part, a clear water outlet at the top part and connected with a water production pump, an ultrafiltration membrane at the inside and an aeration device at the bottom part.
4. A method for treating high-speed rail station segment excrement collector sewage based on the device of any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: collecting and then discharging the excrement-collecting sewage to a pretreatment system, wherein a regulating tank in the pretreatment system utilizes a filter screen filtering device to regulate water quality and water quantity, the excrement-collecting sewage regulated by the regulating tank automatically flows to a coagulative precipitation tank, the coagulative precipitation tank removes partial ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus and suspended matters from the excrement-collecting sewage, the effluent of the coagulative precipitation tank is lifted to a primary sedimentation tank through a lifting pump, the primary sedimentation tank removes the residual suspended matters in the excrement-collecting sewage, and the effluent of the primary sedimentation tank automatically flows to a coupled biochemical treatment system;
step 2: a pre-biochemical system in the coupled biochemical treatment system removes most organic matters in the excrement collecting sewage and simultaneously adjusts the temperature and the pH value of the excrement collecting sewage;
most of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in the excrement collecting sewage are converted into nitrogen by an anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank in the coupled biochemical treatment system through anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria, so that a denitrification process of the sewage is realized;
the deep denitrification biochemical treatment system in the coupled biochemical treatment system realizes the standard reaching of the effluent ammonia nitrogen and the total nitrogen by adding part of the carbon source;
and step 3: the effluent of the coupled biochemical treatment system is lifted to a deep purification system through a lifting pump, most suspended matters in the excrement collecting sewage are removed by a ceramic membrane filtration system in the deep purification system, organic matters in the excrement collecting sewage are further removed, and the treated water reaching the standard is discharged.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the hydraulic retention time of a regulating reservoir in the pretreatment system is 12h, and a filter screen filtering device in the regulating reservoir realizes more than 70% of suspended matters in the excrement collecting sewage.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the coagulating sedimentation tank in the pretreatment system is used for removing 20-50% of ammonia nitrogen, 75-95% of total phosphorus and 70-90% of suspended matters in the excrement collecting sewage by a MAP crystallization method and a flocculant in a combined manner, the reaction pH of the coagulating sedimentation tank is controlled to 9, the temperature is controlled to 30 ℃, and MgCl in the coagulating sedimentation tank is controlled to2·6H2The adding amount of O is determined according to the content of phosphorus in the excrement collecting sewage, and n (Mg) is controlled2+)∶n(PO3 -) The adding amount of the flocculating agents PAFC and PAM is 25-35 mg/L and 2-4 mg/L respectively when the ratio of the flocculating agents PAFC and PAM is 1.2-1.6: 1.
7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the retention time of the excrement collection sewage in a pre-biochemical system in the coupled biochemical treatment system is 24 hours, the pre-biochemical system removes 80-90% of phosphorus remaining in the excrement collection sewage through anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic conversion, simultaneously removes 60-70% of ammonia nitrogen remaining in the excrement collection sewage after converting the ammonia nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen or nitrite nitrogen, and removes more than 75% of organic matters remaining in the excrement collection sewage;
the denitrification volume load of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank in the coupled biochemical treatment system is 0.4kg/m3D, removing more than 95% of ammonia nitrogen, more than 85% of total nitrogen and 50% of organic matters in the excrement collecting sewage by using anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria;
the retention time of the advanced denitrification system in the coupled biochemical treatment system is 24 hours, the advanced denitrification system performs denitrification and dephosphorization treatment on the excrement collection sewage to remove more than 70% of organic matters and total phosphorus in the excrement collection sewage, and carbon sources are added into an anoxic tank in which the advanced denitrification system stops to remove more than 90% of total nitrogen in the excrement collection sewage.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein:
in an anaerobic tank A1 in a pre-biochemical system in the coupled biochemical treatment system, COD in the sewage is partially decomposed, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen is reduced due to the synthesis of cells, the content of phosphorus is increased due to the release of phosphorus accumulating bacteria, and the sewage output by the anaerobic tank A1 enters an anoxic tank A2; in the anoxic tank A2, organic matters in the sewage are utilized as a carbon source by denitrifying bacteria, nitrate in the sewage is converted into N2 under the action of denitrification, the concentration of the nitrate is reduced, and the sewage output by the anoxic tank A2 enters the aerobic tank O1; in the aerobic tank O1, the organic matter is reduced continuously due to aerobic degradation, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus is reduced due to nitrification and phosphorus-accumulating bacteria intake, and then the pH value in water is adjusted by controlling the sludge concentration, the air supply quantity and the reflux ratio in the system;
the anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank in the coupled biochemical treatment system realizes biofilm formation enrichment of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria through special fillers, part of ammonia nitrogen in sewage is converted into nitrite nitrogen through suspended short-range nitrifying bacteria under the aeration condition, and the rest ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are converted into nitrogen by the anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria on the fillers to realize removal of nitrogen;
aerobic tank O2 in the deep denitrification biochemical treatment system in the coupled biochemical treatment system removes the residual toxic and harmful organic matters and ammonia nitrogen at the front section through nitrification, glucose is added into anoxic tank A3, the removal of residual nitrate and nitrogen is realized through denitrification so as to realize the standard reaching of total nitrogen, meanwhile, phosphorus-accumulating bacteria are used for removing phosphorus through the alternation of anoxic tank A3 and aerobic tank O3, then, solid-liquid separation is realized through a secondary sedimentation tank, and the backflow of partial sludge is carried out, so that the concentration of the sludge in the tank is ensured.
9. The method according to claim 4, wherein the ceramic membrane filtration system in the deep purification system operates at a flux of 1-1000L/h, has a pH of 4-9 and a water temperature of not more than 40 ℃, and is automatically aerated during operation of the ceramic membrane filtration system to maintain the membrane flux.
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