CN110103532A - 一种隔热隔音承载多功能一体化复合结构 - Google Patents
一种隔热隔音承载多功能一体化复合结构 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种隔热隔音承载多功能一体化复合结构,由功能层、三维中空织物层和铝蜂窝复合层依次叠层组成,各层之间由胶黏剂粘接,蜂窝和孔隙中填充有憎水气凝胶,该一体化复合结构厚度为20~50mm,容重为20Kg~100Kg/m3,导热系数为0.015~0.035W/m·K。功能层占一体化复合结构的体积分数为5~15%,铝蜂窝复合层占一体化复合结构的体积分数为20~30%,三维中空织物层占一体化复合结构的体积分数为40~70%,其他为粘结剂层。本发明具有轻质、高强、保温、隔音等多种功能,适用于建筑、航空、船舶等领域使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种一体化复合结构,特别是涉及一种隔热隔音承载多功能一体化复合结构。
背景技术
随着航空航天事业的发展,导弹在各国的国防建设和战略规划上占据越来越重要的地位。以美国为首的多国部队在海湾战争中实施外科手术式打击取得的辉煌战果,以及导弹在伊拉克和前南斯拉夫维和行动中的重要作用都证实了这一点。因此,导弹技术在世界范围内引起了广泛的重视。导弹的关键优势在于精确打击,制导性能直接影响导弹的命中率,而导弹的制导性能是由导弹上的导引头控制的。导引头用来完成对目标的自主搜索、识别和跟踪、并给出制导律所需要的控制信号,在制导过程中,确保制导系统不断地跟踪目标,形成控制信号,送入自动驾驶仪,操纵导弹飞向目标。
导弹头锥是作为导引头的重要保护部件,位于飞行器最前端,形状多为半球形和锥形,具有防热、透波、承载等多种功能,在风雪、沙尘和太阳强辐射等恶劣环境条件下也能确保飞行器的通讯系统、遥测系统、制导系统和引爆系统正常工作。
申请号为201610991782.9的中国发明专利公开了一种一种SLS技术与PIP技术相结合制备高强度耐高温SiC陶瓷导弹头外壳的方法。该发明属于SiC陶瓷的3D打印领域,特别涉及一种SLS技术与PIP技术相结合制备高强度耐高温SiC陶瓷导弹头外壳的方法。该发明目的是为了解决目前现有陶瓷的3D打印制备仅限于初步成形、强度低以及致密度低的问题。方法:一、构建三维模型,然后转换为STL格式文件;二、将STL格式文件导入3D打印机分层处理;三、将SiC粉末和粘接剂粉末混合;四、层层打印;五、清除多余粉末;六、高温炉烧结;七、浸渍裂解致密化,得到高强度耐高温SiC陶瓷导弹头外壳,强度为150~200MPa,孔隙率为10~20%,致密度高,强度高。
申请号为201721534596.9的中国实用新型专利公开了一种导弹壳体,包括:外壳;安装槽,所述安装槽设置在所述外壳内;器件安装板,所述器件安装板设置在所述安装槽内;其中所述器件安装板包括:安装板本体;沉槽单元,所述沉槽单元设置在所述安装板本体上;连线槽,所述连线槽与所述沉槽单元设置在所述安装板本体上,所述连线槽连接所述沉槽单元;安装孔,所述安装孔设置在所述安装板本体上;固定孔,所述固定孔设置在所述安装板本体上。与现有技术相比,该实用新型导弹壳体在外壳内的安装槽内设置器件安装板,器件安装板上的第一沉槽和第二沉槽分开设置,用于安装功率较大的元器件(如CPU),避免了大功率元器件之间由于安装靠近而可能产生的相互之间的干扰情况(如电磁干扰)。
申请号为201710483096.5的中国发明专利公开了一种碳纤维增强的耐高温高强度轻质混杂陶瓷-树脂复合材料管件,以陶瓷基复合材料为外壳,树脂基复合材料为内壳,外壳、内壳互相嵌套形成复合结构,内外壁表面光滑,复合材料中陶瓷组分沿管壁厚度方向呈梯度分布,由管件外表面逐渐向里减小,耐温性能好,能在600℃实现长期应用,相比于传统铝合金壳体,导热系数更低,耐高温防热性能更好;树脂组分沿管壁厚度方向也呈梯度分布,由管件内表面逐渐向外减小,并填充一定数目填料,提高树脂基材料耐温性能和抗冲击性能,使其具有减振抗震特性,两者一体成型,制备出集耐高温、防热、隔热、承载、减振于一体的轻质混杂陶瓷-树脂复合材料管件。
申请号为201610833083.1的中国发明专利公开了一种耐高温抗氧化的轻质隔热材料,由高温合金薄膜与纤维反射隔热芯材经真空封装而成的板材,纤维反射隔热芯材由超细陶瓷纤维纸层和玻璃纤维纸层构成,纤维纸层内部间隔分布超薄镍箔和铝箔反射层,实现热量最大程度的反射,高温合金薄膜与陶瓷纤维纸层交界处温度不超过1200℃,陶瓷纤维纸层与玻璃纤维纸层交界处温度不超过500℃。轻质隔热材料抗氧化性能好,能在高温环境下长时间服役,同时在高低温交变环境作用下,能长时间保持内部真空度,在900℃时的导热系数低至0.06W/(m·K),面密度低至1.6Kg/m2,与传统保温材料相比,在减少保温层厚度降低整体重量的同时提高了隔热性能,能广泛应用于发动机外壳、热力管道等高温领域。
如上述几个专利,均公开了耐高温隔热材料,但是对于复合材料结构的透波性能鲜有提及,且存在结构强度低、密度大等问题,极大限制了其在特定领域的应用。因此,急需研制一种多功能一体化复合结构。
发明内容
本发明的目的旨在克服现有技术的不足,提供一种隔热隔音承载多功能一体化复合结构。
为实现本发明的目的所采用的技术方案是:该隔热隔音承载多功能一体化复合结构由功能层、三维中空织物层和铝蜂窝复合层依次叠层组成,其特征在于各层之间由胶黏剂粘接,蜂窝和孔隙中填充有憎水气凝胶,粒径尺寸为40nm~200nm,90%孔径尺寸分布在70nm~200nm之间,一体化复合结构厚度为20~50mm,容重为20Kg~100Kg/m3,导热系数为0.015~0.035W/m·K,三维中空织物层中孔隙层数为1~3层,各组成所占比例如下:
功能层占一体化复合结构的体积分数为5~15%;
三维中空织物层占一体化复合结构的体积分数为40~70%;
铝蜂窝复合层占一体化复合结构的体积分数为20~30%;
其他为粘结剂层;
憎水纳米气凝胶层嵌入在铝蜂窝中,占铝蜂窝的体积分数为60~95%;
憎水纳米气凝胶层嵌入三维中空织物的孔隙中,占三维中空织物层的体积分数为75~90%;
嵌入中空织物中的憎水纳米气凝胶含有增强玻璃纤维,纤维直径0.1~3mm,长度0.5~3mm,纤维占憎水气凝胶体积分数5~20%。
该一体化复合结构中的功能层可以是聚氮硅烷喷涂固化涂覆,喷涂于中空织物层上表面,固化后密度1.1~1.4g/cm3,水接触角100~110°,20-25℃完全固化后硬度为4H~7H,100~150℃固化1h~3h硬度7H~9H,耐烧蚀温度1000~2000℃。
该一体化复合结构中的功能层还可以是耐磨橡胶层、耐磨塑料层或耐磨橡塑层,喷涂于中空织物层上表面,功能层完全固化后硬度为1H~3H,凹口试验值2-5 kJ/m²,拉伸强度50-80 MPa,导热系数0.13~0.20 W/m·K。
该一体化复合结构中的铝蜂窝复合层为铝蜂窝与憎水气凝胶复合结构,铝箔厚度0.02~0.08mm,边长3~10mm,铝蜂窝层上表面与中空织物层下表面通过粘结剂固定,下表面通过粘结剂与0.1~2mm厚铝合金板固定,气凝胶位于铝蜂窝中,形成稳定铝蜂窝复合层结构。
该一体化复合结构中的三维中空织物层中孔隙层数为1层,由上面纤维布层、下面纤维布层以及两层之间的支撑纤维束构成,上面纤维布层和下面纤维布层之间的距离为5~40mm,纤维布和纤维束中浸渍树脂基体,树脂的体积分数为40~60%;或者孔隙层数为2层,由上面纤维布层、中面纤维布层、下面纤维布层以及层间的支撑纤维束构成,上面纤维布层与中间纤维布层、中间纤维布层与下面纤维布层之间的间距为5~18mm,纤维布和纤维束中浸渍树脂基体,树脂的体积分数为40~60%;或者孔隙层数为3层,由上面纤维布层、两个中面纤维布层、下面纤维布层以及层间的支撑纤维束构成,相邻的纤维布层之间的间距为5~10mm,纤维布和纤维束中浸渍树脂基体,树脂的体积分数为40~60%。
本发明的有益效果是:(1)本发明一体化复合结构轻质高强,具有显著的承载能力;(2)本发明一体化复合结构导热系数低,具有显著的隔热保温能力;(3)本发明一体化复合结构吸声性能好,具有显著的减振降噪能力。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐明本发明,应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围,在阅读了本发明之后,本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定。
实施例1
本实施例一体化复合结构主要用于耐高温抗烧蚀,该隔热隔音承载多功能一体化复合结构由功能层、三维中空织物层和铝蜂窝复合层依次叠层组成,其特征在于各层之间由胶黏剂粘接,蜂窝和孔隙中填充有憎水气凝胶,粒径尺寸为40nm~200nm,90%孔径尺寸分布在70nm~200nm之间,一体化复合结构厚度为30mm,容重为40Kg/m3,导热系数为0.030W/m·K,三维中空织物层数为1层,各组成所占比例如下:
功能层占一体化复合结构的体积分数为5%;
三维中空织物层占一体化复合结构的体积分数为70%;
铝蜂窝复合层占一体化复合结构的体积分数为20%;
其他为粘结剂层;
憎水纳米气凝胶层嵌入在铝蜂窝中,占铝蜂窝的体积分数为85%;
憎水纳米气凝胶层嵌入三维中空织物的孔隙中,占三维中空织物层的体积分数为80%;
嵌入中空织物中的憎水纳米气凝胶含有增强玻璃纤维,纤维直径0.1~3mm,长度0.5~3mm,纤维占憎水气凝胶体积分数8%。
该一体化复合结构中的功能层是聚氮硅烷喷涂固化涂覆,喷涂于中空织物层上表面,固化后密度1.3g/cm3,水接触角105°,100~150℃固化2h硬度8H。
该一体化复合结构中的铝蜂窝复合层为铝蜂窝与憎水气凝胶复合结构,铝箔厚度0.03~0.05mm,边长5~6mm,铝蜂窝层上表面与中空织物层下表面通过粘结剂固定,下表面通过粘结剂与0.3mm厚铝合金板固定,气凝胶位于铝蜂窝中,形成稳定铝蜂窝复合层结构。
该一体化复合结构中的三维中空织物层由上面纤维布层、下面纤维布层以及两层之间的支撑纤维束构成,上面纤维布层和下面纤维布层之间的距离为20mm,纤维束中有树脂基体,树脂的体积分数为50%。
该一体化结构长期可耐500℃以上高温,短期可耐1000℃以上的高温,还可耐2000℃瞬时高温。
实施例2
该该隔热隔音承载多功能一体化复合结构由功能层、三维中空织物层和铝蜂窝复合层依次叠层组成,其特征在于各层之间由胶黏剂粘接,蜂窝和孔隙中填充有憎水气凝胶,粒径尺寸为40nm~200nm,90%孔径尺寸分布在70nm~200nm之间,一体化复合结构厚度为40mm,容重为60Kg/m3,导热系数为0.025W/m·K,三维中空织物层数为2层,各组成所占比例如下:
功能层占一体化复合结构的体积分数为10%;
三维中空织物层占一体化复合结构的体积分数为70%;
铝蜂窝复合层占一体化复合结构的体积分数为15%;
其他为粘结剂层;
憎水纳米气凝胶层嵌入在铝蜂窝中,占铝蜂窝的体积分数为70%;
憎水纳米气凝胶层嵌入三维中空织物的孔隙中,占三维中空织物层的体积分数为88%;
嵌入中空织物中的憎水纳米气凝胶含有增强玻璃纤维,纤维直径0.1~3mm,长度0.5~3mm,纤维占憎水气凝胶体积分数10%。
该一体化复合结构中的功能层是耐磨橡塑层,喷涂于或粘附于中空织物层的上表面,完全固化后硬度为1.5H,凹口试验值3kJ/m²,拉伸强度60MPa,导热系数0.15W/m·K。
该一体化复合结构中的铝蜂窝复合层为铝蜂窝与憎水气凝胶复合结构,铝箔厚度0.05mm,边长5mm,铝蜂窝层上表面与中空织物层下表面通过粘结剂固定,下表面通过粘结剂与0.8mm厚铝合金板固定,气凝胶位于铝蜂窝中,形成稳定铝蜂窝复合层结构。
该一体化复合结构中的三维中空织物层为两层,由上面纤维布层、下面纤维布层以及中间纤维布层和其两层之间的支撑纤维束构成,上面纤维布层和中纤维布间层之间的距离为10mm,中间纤维布层和下面纤维布层之间的距离为15mm,纤维束中有树脂基体,树脂的体积分数为55%。
该一体化结构通过测试,隔热、隔音、承载能力优良,经过70℃、24h加热功能层,背面的温度未发生变化,经过70℃、120h加热功能层,背面的温度比环境温度高出10℃;经过该一体化结构进行测试,在40平方米室内墙板放置10块,覆盖面积占内墙总面积50%,室内噪声30dB。
上述仅为本发明的两个具体实施方式,但本发明的设计构思并不局限于此,凡利用此构思对本发明进行非实质性的改动,均应属于侵犯本发明保护的范围的行为。但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何形式的简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种隔热隔音承载多功能一体化复合结构,由功能层、三维中空织物层和铝蜂窝复合层依次叠层组成,其特征在于各层之间由胶黏剂粘接,蜂窝和孔隙中填充有憎水气凝胶,粒径尺寸为40nm~200nm,90%孔径尺寸分布在70nm~200nm之间,一体化复合结构厚度为20~50mm,容重为20Kg~100Kg/m3,导热系数为0.015~0.035W/m·K,三维中空织物层中孔隙层数为1~3层,各组成所占比例如下:
功能层占一体化复合结构的体积分数为5~15%;
三维中空织物层占一体化复合结构的体积分数为40~70%;
铝蜂窝复合层占一体化复合结构的体积分数为20~30%;
其他为粘结剂层;
憎水纳米气凝胶层嵌入在铝蜂窝中,占铝蜂窝的体积分数为60~95%;
憎水纳米气凝胶层嵌入三维中空织物的孔隙中,占三维中空织物层的体积分数为75~90%;
嵌入中空织物中的憎水纳米气凝胶含有增强玻璃纤维,纤维直径0.1~3mm,长度0.5~3mm,纤维占憎水气凝胶体积分数5~20%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一体化复合结构,其特征在于功能层为聚氮硅烷喷涂固化涂覆,喷涂于中空织物层上表面,固化后密度1.1~1.4g/cm3,水接触角100~110°,20-25℃完全固化后硬度为4H~7H,100~150℃固化1h~3h硬度7H~9H,耐烧蚀温度1000~2000℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一体化复合结构,其特征在于所述的功能层为耐磨橡胶层、耐磨塑料层或耐磨橡塑层,喷涂于中空织物层上表面,复合层完全固化后硬度为1H~3H,凹口试验值2-5 kJ/m²,拉伸强度50-80 MPa,导热系数0.13~0.20 W/m·K。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一体化复合结构,其特征在于所述的铝蜂窝复合层为铝蜂窝与憎水气凝胶复合结构,铝箔厚度0.02~0.08mm,边长3~10mm,铝蜂窝层上表面与中空织物层下表面通过粘结剂固定,下表面通过粘结剂与0.1~2mm厚铝合金板固定,气凝胶位于铝蜂窝中,形成稳定铝蜂窝复合层结构。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一体化复合结构,其特征在于所述的三维中空织物层中孔隙层数为1层,由上面纤维布层、下面纤维布层以及两层之间的支撑纤维束构成,上面纤维布层和下面纤维布层之间的距离为5~40mm,纤维布和纤维束中浸渍树脂基体,树脂的体积分数为40~60%;或者孔隙层数为2层,由上面纤维布层、中面纤维布层、下面纤维布层以及层间的支撑纤维束构成,上面纤维布层与中间纤维布层、中间纤维布层与下面纤维布层之间的间距为5~18mm,纤维布和纤维束中浸渍树脂基体,树脂的体积分数为40~60%;或者孔隙层数为3层,由上面纤维布层、两个中面纤维布层、下面纤维布层以及层间的支撑纤维束构成,相邻的纤维布层之间的间距为5~10mm,纤维布和纤维束中浸渍树脂基体,树脂的体积分数为40~60%。
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