CN110095804A - A kind of method and device of carbon ion range/energy measurement - Google Patents
A kind of method and device of carbon ion range/energy measurement Download PDFInfo
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- CN110095804A CN110095804A CN201910283629.4A CN201910283629A CN110095804A CN 110095804 A CN110095804 A CN 110095804A CN 201910283629 A CN201910283629 A CN 201910283629A CN 110095804 A CN110095804 A CN 110095804A
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- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
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- G01T1/36—Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation spectrometry
- G01T1/362—Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation spectrometry with scintillation detectors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method and devices of carbon ion range/energy measurement, belong to radiotherapy and radiation detection field, can be realized in real time, in carbon ion range/energy measurement of body, non-intruding.It is uncertain present invention is mainly used for the range reduced in carbon ion Patients During Radiotherapy and other need to obtain carbon ion beam in interior of articles range/energy usage scenario.Wherein, measurement method includes: to obtain the prompt fission gammas's power spectrum generated during carbon ion therapy by measuring device, quantifies the Doppler shift peak position of characteristic gamma in power spectrum, obtains ion energy and range by numerical algorithm；Measuring device includes: single seam collimator, main detector, active shield device, signal amplifying apparatus, multi-channel data are registrated collection module, computer processing unit.The present invention has non-intruding, real-time measurement relative to conventional method, without the advantage of detection array, has broad application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to radiotherapies and radiation detection field, and in particular to a kind of method of carbon ion range/energy measurement and
Device.
Technical background
Most of energy is deposited on end-of-range (i.e. bragg peak) in the tissue by carbon ion, by adjusting carbon ion energy
Bragg peak is placed in knub position by amount, can be very good protection normal tissue, and carbon ion possesses the excellent of high biological effect
Point, therefore the concern by radiotherapy circle.And during carbon ion therapy, anatomical structure changes (between interval procedure), patient's pendulum
The factors such as position error, CT error of the conversion coefficient can all cause carbon ion range that cannot accurately reach expected, and bragg peak formula
Dosage deposition characteristics determine that carbon ion therapy dosage is distributed range deviation extremely sensitive to range uncertainty, i.e., small again
Will lead to tumor's profiles near zone actual dose and projected dose almost 100% variation, cause very big dosage uncertain
Property, to influence tumor efficiency, or even cause acute radiotheraphy secondary reaction.At present in clinic, (mainly examined to improve treatment reliability
Worry prevents recurrence caused by tumour insufficient dose), take setting range to guarantee the method in region, i.e., to target area in radiation exposure direction
It extends out.But such a process increases normal tissues by illumination range, a large amount of radiosensitive especially for existing around tumour
The case where risk organs, treatment plan setting will be extremely difficult.
The real-time measurement of range and calibration can reduce range uncertainty during carbon ion therapy, thus promoted carbon from
The reliability of sub- dose delivery finally to can reduce range guarantee region during treatment plan is set, and realization is being protected
Card tumour reduces normal tissue dose while delivering sufficient dosage.Existing range measurement method includes insert type micro electric at present
From room method, PET method, distributed prompt fission gammas's method etc., but still due to its invasive (ionisation chamber), retardance, uncertainty
Do not become effective range measurement method.Therefore, it is badly in need of developing a kind of new clothes for the real-time non-intrusive measurement of carbon ion range
It sets and new method, can be realized patient's body range and accurately measure and calibrate.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of method and device of carbon ion range/energy measurement, can be realized in real time, in body, non-
Carbon ion range/energy measurement of intrusion.
In order to achieve the above object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of method of carbon ion range/energy measurement, comprising the following steps:
(1) the incident gamma spectra generated in the process of carbon ion is obtained by detection device；
(2) quantify the Doppler shift peak position of characteristic gamma in power spectrum；
(3) ion energy and range are obtained by numerical algorithm.
In step described above, step (1) is excited after nuclear reaction occurs with body material using incident carbon ion, and
Continue this physical process that de excitation hair in rapid flight generates gamma, step (2), which is based on Lorentz transformation principle, to be pushed away
Calculation obtains the theory of relativity Doppler shift effect formula:, which describes under relative motion state, sees
The wave frequency that the person of examining is recordedWith the wave frequency under emission source center-of-mass angleRelationship, this relational dependence is in transmitting
Movement velocity of the source relative to keeperAnd direction of observation.Gamma radiation is also a kind of electromagnetic wave, therefore in-flight12The frequency of C* transmitting gamma is influenced by Doppler effect and is shifted, i.e., gamma energy shifts, and passes through certain party
To the gamma spectra for detecting a certain depth site, and quantify to obtain the energy at Doppler shift gamma peak, recycles numerical algorithm
It can be obtained ion energy and range.
Gamma spectra described in step (1) is prompt fission gammas's power spectrum after rejecting deferred gamma using flight time measurement.
Deferred gamma from nucleic decay, due to these nucleic half-life period far more than carbon ion beam pulse interval time,
Therefore long-term during the entire course for the treatment of to keep existing, form the platform on time spectrum.These nucleic are mostly from therapeutic process
The interaction of neutron and substance belongs to third level particle, it is difficult to reflect primary particle, i.e., the range of initial carbon ion and
Energy information, it is therefore desirable to reject, to reduce measurement error.Prompt fission gammas is only in carbon ion and the ns grade after material atom collision
Time memory exists, therefore the shape of pulse peak is presented on time spectrum, this part gamma includes subsequent information needed.Flight time
Measurement can obtain in each carbon ion beam pulse, be incident on the time difference that gamma signal is recorded from carbon ion,
The examination of prompt fission gammas Yu deferred gamma can be realized by this time difference, it is final to obtain prompt fission gammas's power spectrum.
Doppler shift peak described in step (2) comes from12The 4.44 MeV characteristic gammas that C* de excitation hair generates occur
Energy peak after Doppler shift effect.Due to the particularity of carbon ion therapy, i.e. incoming particle is12C6+, incoming particle itself
Can with excited after human body atomic collision, and de excitation is sent out under high-speed motion state, therefore has that a large amount of that Doppler occurs is inclined
Gamma after shifting from12C*.For static12C*, according to Nuclear Physics theory, characteristic gamma energy is 4.44
MeV.And for high-speed motion12C*, characteristic gamma energy deviate 4.44 MeV in end of probe, and can be in prompt fission gammas's energy
It is clearly identified in spectrogram.
Carbon ion range/energy is calculated by numerical algorithm in step (3), comprising the following steps:
(a) it is based on Doppler shift formula, obtains the carbon ion average energy in detection site using peak position calculations of offset in power spectrum；
(b) it is based on Beth-Bloch formula, the remaining water equivalent range after detection site is obtained using carbon ion average energy；
(c) based on density of material in CT data acquisition body, residual range and true range are obtained using remaining water equivalent range.
Numerical algorithm described above passes through Doppler effect for prompt fission gammas's gamma-spectrometric data and carbon ion range/energy structure
At connection.Using Doppler energy offset equation and the theory of relativity formula, simultaneous is obtained:
,
Wherein,It is the prompt fission gammas's peak energy occurred after Doppler shift,It is that carbon ion de excitation generates under center-of-mass angle
Prompt fission gammas's energy (4.44 MeV),It is the rest mass of carbon ion,It is vacuum light speed,It is ion energy,It is to visit
The angle in direction and carbon ion heading (incident direction) is surveyed, which describes the offset of prompt fission gammas's Doppler energy and visit
The relationship of location point carbon ion average energy.Intracorporal density of material is obtained in conjunction with CT data, passes through Beth-Bloch formula
Carbon ion residual range is calculated with carbon ion average energy, i.e. the distance between detection site to the true range of carbon ion, finally
Obtain true range.
A kind of device of carbon ion range/energy measurement characterized by comprising single seam collimator 1, main detector 2,
Backshield device 3, computer processing unit 4, signal amplifier part 5 and multi-channel data are registrated collection module 6；Single seam is quasi-
Straight device 1 is placed in close to the position of the patient's body surface, and main detector 2 is placed in the single seam one end of 1 slit of collimator far from patient, is dissipated
Ray shielding device 3 is wrapped laterally main detector 2, and main detector 2 and screening arrangement 3 are connected with signal amplifier part 5, signal
5 other end of amplifying device is registrated 6 one end of collection module with multi-channel data and is connected, and it is another that multi-channel data is registrated collection module 6
One end is connected with computer processing unit 4.
In apparatus described above, backshield device 3 uses active shield method, using four pieces of a quarter ring-types
BGO scintillator.
The utility model has the advantages that can be realized reality the present invention provides a kind of method and device of carbon ion range/energy measurement
When, in carbon ion range/energy measurement of body, non-intruding；The device of the invention is by single collimator-scintillator detection
Device device, cooperation rear end multichannel analyzer realizes the detection of prompt fission gammas's power spectrum, and prompt fission gammas's detection in traditional field is
Yield distribution based on prompt fission gammas on the path of range direction, range position is determined by the relationship of the distribution and range,
Referred to as prompt fission gammas's relative measurement device.Relative measurement device needs high spatial resolution, it is therefore desirable to intensive standard
The backend electronics gate array of straight device array, detector array and high integration, causes at high cost, and system stability is poor.This
The device that invention proposes eliminates detection/collimator apparatus array structure, and the gamma spectra obtained using multi-channel analysis is as volume
Outer data, at low cost, stability is strong, and the backshield device uses active shield method, using four pieces of a quarter rings
Shape BGO scintillator.In view of the presence of the incident secondarys a large amount of in the process of carbon ion, can be generated in entire space serious
Scattering background radiation, needs backshield device.Active shield is different from passive backshield method and (uses high atomic number
The shielded layer that number substances are constituted), be tell scattered rays signal in such a way that multi-detector signal time meets detection and
Scattered signal is rejected in following signal processing step, volume mass is smaller, is easy mobile and frequently puts position, is suitable for using ring
Border.In view of the signal from active shield detector and main detector need to be differentiated whether from the same incident gamma grain
Son needs to carry out signal pulse examination in ns rank, it is therefore desirable to multi-pass in conjunction with the fluence rate of carbon ion gamma under the conditions of incident
Track data, which is collected, realizes fast signal processing with quick computer processing unit, reduces signal pile-up and scattered rays is judged by accident.This
Anti- health may be implemented in outer active shield device, so that power spectrum is cleaner, is conducive to subsequent characteristic peak Energy Quantization.BGO dodges
Bright body is a kind of scintillator crystals of Cheap highly effective, higher photoyield and detection efficient, and it can be cut into institute at present
Need shape.It is enabled to using a quarter ring-type in the case where guaranteeing active shield efficiency, minimizes active shield dress
Volume is set, convenient to be moved in use, there is also to the carbon ion beam energy in interior of articles in other areas
The demand (detector can not be placed in interior of articles) that amount or range are characterized, therefore this method is not limited to carbon ion therapy neck
Domain.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is carbon ion range/energy measuring apparatus structural schematic diagram；In figure, 1 is single seam collimator, is detected based on 2
Device, 3 be backshield device, and 4 be computer processing unit, and 5 be signal amplification processor part, and 6 are registrated for multi-channel data
Collection module, 7 be water model, and 8 be carbon ion ray line；
Fig. 2 (1) is that detecting devices is placed on the prompt fission gammas's power spectrum detected when depth 16.3cm；(2) depth is placed on for detecting devices
The prompt fission gammas's power spectrum detected when spending 14.8cm.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
Prompt fission gammas source of the present invention and Doppler shift principle are illustrated first: being incident on human body in carbon ion
Afterwards, it may occur that a large amount of nuclear reaction generates unstable nuclear excitation state, and excitation state de excitation is to lead to gamma Producing reason.It is high
The incident carbon ion of speed has probability to reach excitation state and continues with after human elementary (especially a large amount of existing protons) collision
In high-speed motion state.For resting state/low speed state or in center-of-mass angle12C* has very maximum probability de excitation hair to generate
The prompt fission gammas of 4.44 MeV, and for high-speed motion12C*, there are the influences of RELATIVISTIC DOPPLER EFFECT (to be based on Lorentz
Coordinate transform), apparent energy excursion phenomenon can be generated, i.e., in prompt fission gammas's power spectrum, the characteristic peak of 4.44 MeV deviates former
The position come, as shown in Figure 2.It may be added here that since the influence that can have deferred gamma is (in mostling come from
The interaction of son and substance), it may cause the case where offset peak is difficult to, so detection system needs the high time to ring
It answers, screens deferred and prompt fission gammas by pulsed-beam time-of-flight methods.
The detecting devices that is related to is as shown in Figure 1, including single seam a collimator, a main detector, one group of scattering
Line active shield device, one group of computer processing unit, several signal amplification processor parts and multi-channel data registration collect mould
Block；Single seam collimator is placed in close to the position of exposure model surface, and collimating slit is perpendicular to carbon ion line, main detection
Device is placed in after collimating slit, and active shield device wraps up main detection body, and signal amplifier part is connected with main detector, signal
Amplifying device is registrated collection module with multi-channel data and is connected, and multi-channel data is registrated collection module and computer processing unit
It is connected.It is tungsten that collimator material is singly stitched described in this example, and openings of sizes is set as 0.5cm, and main detector is lanthanum bromide
Cylindrical scintillator body, having a size of 3 inches × 3 inches, backshield device is four blocks of BGO active shield scintillators, lanthanum bromide
It is respectively connect with high magnification numbe photomultiplier tube with four pieces of BGO, signal is after enhanced processing by digiverter with ns grades
Digital signal is not converted to, then is incorporated to FPGA and carries out signal analysis, is carried out idler Pulse rejecting, is finally obtained after computer disposal
Obtain prompt fission gammas's power spectrum.
To reject deferred gamma signal, to obtain more accurate prompt fission gammas's power spectrum, the main detector need to carry out height
Time resolution is to realize flight time measurement, therefore the optical attenuation time of main scintillator wants short, and needs to carry out lower counting rate
Under spectrum identification, therefore detection efficient wants high, photoyield wants height (55 ns of lanthanum bromide light decay time, 4.3 g/cm3 of density, light
35000-60000/MeV of yield).It include that a large amount of scattered rays needs to reject scattered rays background in carbon ion radiotherapy environment
Efficient lateral ray shielding device, therefore the sensitive volume for shielding scintillator wants big, atomic number wants height, easily cutting forming
(7000-20000 7.13 g/cm3 of BGO density, photoyield/MeV, preparation processing technology are mature).The scattered rays rejects dress
Also anti-Kang Zuoyong is set, more clean prompt fission gammas's power spectrum can be obtained.FPGA processing unit dodges four pieces of BGO active shields
The signal progress time that the signal and main detector that bright bulk detector generates generate meets identification, if the two generates signal time phase
The same or time difference is not up to threshold value, is determined as scattered rays signal, if generation signal time difference is larger, determines that main detector exports
Signal is useful signal.
The concrete operation step and partial data for carrying out carbon ion range/energy measurement and calibration are as follows.
This example is illustrated with the carbon ion incidence water tank of 3600 MeV.
(1) according to carbon ion projectile energy, determine suitable measurement site, for example, for 3600 MeV energy carbon from
Son is suitble to the position for choosing 15 cm of water equivalent depth or so to put detecting devices, which need to be arranged by treatment planning systems
Ion energy and CT image selected, be typically chosen in distance setting 2 cm of end-of-range before position.
(2) as shown in Figure 1, placing corresponding measuring device in suitable position, wherein collimator needs close model surface, with
Improve detection efficient.
(3) detection system obtains prompt fission gammas's energy spectrum diagram as shown in Fig. 2-1, Fig. 2-2, and wherein Fig. 2-1 is collected in detection
When site is set to 16.3 cm, Fig. 2-2 is collected in detection site when being set to 14.8 cm.In two energy spectrum diagrams, all there is one
The gamma peak (initial peak position) of a 4.44 MeV and a gamma peak (Doppler shift peak position) less than 4.44 MeV.
(4) computer unit is automatically by the Doppler for linearly going bottom and Gauss curve fitting and machine learning algorithm acquisition quantization
Offset, if the obtained offset peak energy amount of Fig. 2-1 is 4.26 MeV, that Fig. 2-2 is obtained is 4.02 MeV.
(5) Doppler shift peak positionIt is as follows with the theory relation of the carbon ion average energy in the site:
,
WhereinIt is the prompt fission gammas's peak energy occurred after Doppler shift,It is that carbon ion de excitation generates under center-of-mass angle
Prompt fission gammas's energy (4.44 MeV),It is the rest mass of carbon ion,It is vacuum light speed,It is ion energy,It is to visit
Survey the angle (being 90 ° in this example) of direction and carbon ion heading (incident direction).For deep detection site, carbon ion is flat
Equal energy is low, i.e., flying speed is low, and Doppler effect is weak, therefore Fig. 2-1 higher than the offset peak energy amount of Fig. 2-2.It is of the present invention
The core of method is to establish the relationship of the energy excursion and detection site carbon ion average energy of 4.44MeV prompt fission gammas, is passed through
Prompt fission gammas's power spectrum is parsed, to obtain the carbon ion average energy letter of interior of articles in real time under the conditions of non-intruding
Breath.Depth in view of 14.8 cm is Suitable depth, therefore carries out calculating analysis with Fig. 2-2: peak energy amount is deviated in Fig. 2-2 is
4.02 MeV are 1192.7 MeV using the carbon ion dump energy that above-mentioned formula calculates.
(6) the carbon ion dump energy obtained according to Beth-Bloch formula and step 5, is calculated remaining water equivalent and penetrates
Journey is 2.57 cm.Along with the depth in detection site obtains true water equivalent range, i.e. 14.8 cm=17.37 cm+2.57
Cm, the difference with the true range 17.32cm of 3600MeV carbon ion in water are 0.288%, realize accurately measuring for range.
(7) after obtaining remaining water equivalent range, it can be obtained carbon ion in conjunction with the density of material information that CT image obtains and exist
The practical range of inside of human body effectively reduces range uncertainty.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that without departing from the principle of the present invention
Several improvement can also be made, these improvement also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of carbon ion range/energy measurement, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the incident gamma spectra generated in the process of carbon ion is obtained by detection device；
(2) quantify the Doppler shift peak position of characteristic gamma in power spectrum；
(3) ion energy and range are obtained by numerical algorithm.
2. the method for carbon ion range/energy measurement according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (1) utilizes incidence
Carbon ion excites after nuclear reaction occurs with body material, and de excitation hair generates gamma in continuing rapid flight.
3. the method for carbon ion range/energy measurement according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (2) is based on long-range navigation
Hereby principle of coordinate transformation calculates to obtain the theory of relativity Doppler shift effect formula:
,
WhereinThe wave frequency that is recorded for observer,For under emission source center-of-mass angle wave frequency,WithRespectively
Movement velocity and direction of observation of the emission source relative to keeper.
4. the method for carbon ion range/energy measurement according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that institute in step (1)
Stating gamma spectra is prompt fission gammas's power spectrum after rejecting deferred gamma using flight time measurement.
5. the method for carbon ion range/energy measurement according to claim 1 or 3, which is characterized in that institute in step (2)
Doppler shift peak is stated to come from12Energy after Doppler shift effect occurs for the 4.44 MeV characteristic gammas that C* de excitation hair generates
Measure peak.
6. the method for carbon ion range/energy measurement according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step passes through number in (3)
Value-based algorithm calculates carbon ion range/energy, comprising the following steps:
(a) it is based on Doppler shift formula, obtains the carbon ion average energy in detection site using peak position calculations of offset in power spectrum；
(b) it is based on Beth-Bloch formula, the remaining water equivalent range after detection site is obtained using carbon ion average energy；
(c) based on density of material in CT data acquisition body, residual range and true range are obtained using remaining water equivalent range.
7. the method for carbon ion range/energy measurement according to claim 6, which is characterized in that how general step (a) pass through
Effect is strangled to contact prompt fission gammas's gamma-spectrometric data and carbon ion range/energy composition, using Doppler energy offset equation and
The theory of relativity formula, simultaneous obtain:
,
WhereinIt is the prompt fission gammas's peak energy occurred after Doppler shift,It is the wink that carbon ion de excitation generates under center-of-mass angle
Gamma energy is sent out,It is the rest mass of carbon ion,It is vacuum light speed,It is ion energy,Detection direction and carbon from
The angle of sub- heading.
8. a kind of device of carbon ion range/energy measurement characterized by comprising single seam collimator (1), main detector
(2), backshield device (3), computer processing unit (4), signal amplifier part (5) and multi-channel data registration collect mould
Block (6)；Single seam collimator (1) is placed in close to the position of the patient's body surface, and it is narrow that main detector (2) is placed in single seam collimator (1)
One end far from patient is stitched, backshield device (3) is wrapped laterally main detector (2), main detector (2) and screening arrangement
(3) it is connected with signal amplifier part (5), signal amplifier part (5) other end is registrated collection module (6) one with multi-channel data
End is connected, and multi-channel data registration collection module (6) other end is connected with computer processing unit (4).
9. the device of carbon ion range/energy measurement according to claim 8, which is characterized in that backshield device
(3) active shield method is used.
10. carbon ion range/energy measurement device according to claim 8 or claim 9, which is characterized in that backshield
Device (3) uses four blocks of a quarter ring-type BGO scintillators.
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