CN110095643A - A kind of four air gap open loop Hall current sensor of single magnetic core - Google Patents
A kind of four air gap open loop Hall current sensor of single magnetic core Download PDFInfo
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- CN110095643A CN110095643A CN201910285621.1A CN201910285621A CN110095643A CN 110095643 A CN110095643 A CN 110095643A CN 201910285621 A CN201910285621 A CN 201910285621A CN 110095643 A CN110095643 A CN 110095643A
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- resistance
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- air gap
- magnetic core
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/0092—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring current only
Abstract
A kind of open loop Hall current sensor of four air gap of single magnetic core, including a magnet ring, the magnet ring opens up that there are four opening air gaps of same size as sensor magnetic circuit, and a Hall chip, four Hall chip output ends access adders are placed at each opening air gap.Four Hall chip characteristics are completely the same.A kind of open loop Hall current sensor of four air gap of single magnetic core of the present invention, the sensor can reduce the error generated by lead location while obviously solving the problems, such as magnetic core supersaturation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Hall current sensor, specifically a kind of four air gap open loop Hall current of single magnetic core sensing
Device.
Background technique
Hall current sensor because of its good accuracy, test cross direct current, do not need to be in contact with primary circuit, be able to achieve mA~kA
The features such as on-line monitoring of range, is widely used in current monitoring and battery applications, inverter and solar-electricity source control system
System, direct current cabinet and d.c. motor driving, plating, welding application, frequency converter, the system powers such as UPS SERVO CONTROL signal acquisition with
Feedback control.Open loop Hall current sensor is widely used in industry because of the features such as its structure is simple, low cost, low-power consumption
Grade Super-Current Measurement (200A or more).Closed-loop Hall current sensor because its closed loop configuration compared with open loop Hall current sensor and
Speech, there is a some superiority in precision, temperature drift, but when measurement 200A or more high current, closed-loop Hall current sensor by
It is formed on volume, process complexity, cost, the power consumption etc. of current sensor, is unfavorable for the on-line monitoring of technical grade high current.
Existing list air gap open loop Hall current sensor principle are as follows: as tested electric current IPWhen passing through magnetic core, a magnetic is generated
, magnetic core is used for poly- magnetic, amplifies the amplitude of magnetic induction intensity, while reducing external magnetic field interference.But have an obvious limitation,
Because the magnetic core for providing poly- magnetic effect is soft magnetic materials, such as ferrite, as tested electric current IPWhen excessive, magnetic core satiety is easily led to
With, thus influence sensor output.
Existing settling mode is divided into two classes: first is that increasing the geometric dimension of sensor magnetic core；Gather second is that not having to magnetic core and providing
Magnetic effect, the array formed with multiple hall devices directly measure tested electric current IPThe magnetic field that surrounding generates.Both methods is all
Have certain defect: the geometric dimension for increasing sensor magnetic core necessarily causes sensor bulk excessive, does not meet current development trend；
Hall array is easy the interference by external magnetic field, and measured wire must be placed at array center, otherwise will cause very big survey
Measure error.
Summary of the invention
When in order to overcome existing open loop Hall current sensor measurement high current, the oversaturated problem of magnetic core is easily led to, this
Invention provides a kind of open loop Hall current sensor of four air gap of single magnetic core, which can obviously solve magnetic core supersaturation
While problem, the error generated by lead location is reduced.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of open loop Hall current sensor of four air gap of single magnetic core, including a square magnet ring, the square magnetic
Ring opens up that there are four opening air gaps of same size as sensor magnetic circuit, one Hall core of placement at each opening air gap
Piece, four Hall chip output ends access adder.Four Hall chip characteristics are completely the same.
The adder connects proportional amplifier, for the output voltage of four Hall chip output ends to be added, obtains
The sum of output voltage, and by proportional amplifier to the sum of output voltage and zooming in or out, obtain be in electric current to be measured
The voltage output of direct ratio.
Hall current sensor principle of the present invention is shown in Fig. 1, as tested electric current IPWhen by sensor magnetic core, conducting wire week
The magnetic field of generation is enclosed by the magnet accumulating cap of magnetic core, keeps one magnetic induction of each generation above four Hall chips N1, N2, N3, N4 strong
Degree is the magnetic field of B, so that four Hall chips respectively export a voltage U, is added by what is be made of the first operational amplifier TS922
Musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass to reach target gain, then connects the in-phase proportion amplifying circuit being made of second operational amplifier TS922, so output
Voltage UOIt is as follows:
Hall current sensor of the present invention is realized especially by three parts, is respectively as follows:
For providing four air-gap magnetic circuits of poly- magnetic effect；
For four hall devices to be generated the adder and in-phase proportion amplifier that voltage is added；
Sensor structure itself designs.
Four air-gap magnetic circuit a specifically: same core opens four the same air gaps of width and four air gaps passes
It is symmetrical at core center.
For an electrified wire, length long enough is I by electric currentP, the magnetic strength of generation at distance center r
Answer intensity B that can be indicated with following formula:
Magnetic induction density B when electrified wire passes through magnet ring, in magnet ringcoreIt can be indicated with following formula:
In formula, μ0For vacuum relative permeability, value 1；μrFor magnet ring relative permeability；D is annulus outer diameter；D is annulus
Internal diameter.
After magnetic core has opened two air gaps, and two opening size lairOpposite magnetic core size is minimum, lair< < π D, because
This can consider the magnetic field of opening be it is continuous and uniform, according to Ampere circuit law, following formula can be obtained:
B in formulacoreFor magnet ring magnetic induction intensity；BairFor opening magnetic induction intensity.Since the magnetic field of opening is continuous
And uniform, then Bcore=Bair, above formula is substituted into, the magnetic induction intensity of opening is obtained:
4 Hall chips generate voltage at magnetic core air gap and are respectively as follows:
Wherein, U is respectively the voltage that hall device generates at four air gaps of magnetic core.
The adder includes the first operational amplifier, resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, resistance R5, resistance
R6, capacitor C5；The one end resistance R1 connects Hall chip N1 output pin, and the resistance R1 other end connects the first operational amplifier with mutually defeated
Enter end；The one end resistance R2 connects Hall chip N2 output pin, and the resistance R2 other end connects the first operational amplifier non-inverting input terminal；
The one end resistance R4 connects Hall chip N3 output pin, and the resistance R4 other end connects the first operational amplifier non-inverting input terminal；Resistance
The one end R6 connects Hall chip N4 output pin, and the resistance R6 other end connects the first operational amplifier non-inverting input terminal；Resistance R3 mono-
The end connection end GND, the resistance R3 other end connect the first operational amplifier inverting input terminal；The one end resistance R5, the one end capacitor C5 are equal
Connect the first operational amplifier inverting input terminal, the resistance R5 other end, that the capacitor C5 other end is all connected with the first operational amplifier is defeated
Outlet.It is hereby achieved that:
U5=(U1+U2+U3+U4)=KHI(B1+B2+B3+B4)
Further, to reach target gain, the proportional amplifier includes second operational amplifier, resistance R7, resistance
R8, resistance R9, resistance R10, capacitor C7；The one end resistance R7 connects the end GND, and it is same that the resistance R7 other end connects second operational amplifier
Phase input terminal；The one end resistance R8 connects second operational amplifier output end, and the resistance R8 other end is sensor output mouth；Resistance
The one end R9 connects the first operational amplifier output terminal, and the resistance R9 other end connects second operational amplifier inverting input terminal；Resistance
The one end R10, the one end capacitor C7 are all connected with second operational amplifier inverting input terminal, and the resistance R10 other end, the capacitor C7 other end are equal
Connect second operational amplifier output end.Realize that target gain needs to adjust the size of resistance R9 and resistance R10, it is specific to indicate
Are as follows:
Because four opening widths are identical, symmetrical about core center, when measured wire is placed at core center, each gas
Induction level at gap is equal, it may be assumed that B1=B2=B3=B4, sensor output UOIt may be expressed as:
For this four air gaps magnetic core, how no matter measured wire deviate at core center, U1+U2+U3+U4It is basically unchanged,
So eliminate the error that generates due to measured wire deviates core center, and after opening four air gaps, magnetic circuit reluctance is single gas
Four times of gap magnetic resistance, are not easy to be saturated.
A kind of novel high-precision open loop Hall current sensor of the present invention, has the beneficial effect that:
1: K as can be seen from the above equationHI is definite value, the output voltage of the Hall current sensor be with external magnetic field namely
Tested electric current IPLinear change.Sensitivity can be by selecting highly sensitive Hall chip and its corresponding signal processing circuit to mention
It is high.By its principle it is found that the output of Hall current sensor be four Hall chips output voltage and, the more traditional list of precision is suddenly
Your current sensor is higher.
2: compared with existing single Hall current sensor, it is defeated to inventive sensor that measured wire deviates core center position
It influences out minimum, output offset will not be generated because of lead location.It does not need to do particular design on sensor outer housing structure,
It is less than all measured wires of side length in magnetic core suitable for wire diameter.
3: it is more existing list air gap Hall current sensor compare, the magnetic core of inventive sensor after opening four air gaps,
Magnetic core is not easy to be saturated, and can measure the bigger electric current of technical grade, and smaller by the intrinsic hysteresis effect of soft magnetic materials.
4: compared with the Hall array of existing no magnetic core, inventive sensor is because have magnetic core interfering compared with external magnetic field
It is smaller.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of Hall current sensor of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the magnetic core geometric dimension figure of Hall current sensor of the present invention
The core material hysteresis loop figure of Fig. 3 Hall current sensor of the present invention.
The in-phase adder circuit diagram of Fig. 4 Hall current sensor of the present invention.
The in-phase proportion amplifier circuit figure of Fig. 5 Hall current sensor of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the hardware circuit diagram of Hall current sensor of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
A kind of open loop Hall current sensor of four air gap of single magnetic core, as shown in Figure 1, opening four with a square magnetic ring
The air gap of same widths, this four opening air gaps utilize the completely the same Hall chip of four characteristics about magnet ring central symmetry
It is respectively placed at four air gaps of magnet ring, the adder circuit that the output access of four Hall chips is made of operational amplifier,
Sensor in this way exports the voltage generated for four Hall chips and exports adjusting feedback resistance size to reach target.
A kind of novel high-precision open loop Hall current sensor of the present invention, is divided into three part magnetic circuit parts and circuit portion.
(1), the design of magnetic circuit part:
(1), magnet ring structure form: the shape of magnet ring has rectangular, round two kinds of structures, and square structure is used for the side of high current
Type busbar or bus, so this sensor uses square structure, a length of 40mm in outside, a length of 30mm in outside, with a thickness of 10mm.
Magnet ring geometric dimension is as shown in Figure 2.
(2), opening size designs: according toIt is found that the size of opening directly determines the magnetic strength at magnet ring
Answer intensity size.Consider that opening size is small, then magnetic field continuity, uniformity are good from the continuity and uniformity in magnetic field.The present invention
Because a magnet ring need to open four openings, it is excessive that implication gap cannot be got out of the way, so the present invention takes four using a magnet ring
The openings of sizes of 1.2mm.It is illustrated in figure 3 the hysteresis loop of magnetic core.
(3), magnet ring material select: soft magnetic ferrite have it is at low cost, be suitable for open loop Hall current sensor
Magnetic core, present invention Ferrite Material, can be mass-produced, save the cost.
(2), the design of circuit part:
(1), as shown in Fig. 2, selected chip is four identical hall device DS-CC6501, as tested electric current IPPass through
When, voltage U1, U2, U3 and U4 for being generated under same core different air gap:Electricity
The effect of appearance is to be shorted high-frequency interferencing signal into ground, reduces sensor noise.
(2), according to design scheme, operational amplifier needs the accurate operational amplifier of track to track double operational, and the present invention adopts
It is TS922 with operational amplifier.
(3), U1, U2, U3 and U4 pass through by operational amplifier TS922, resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, electricity
The voltage obtained after the subtracter that resistance R5, resistance R6, capacitor C5 are constituted is U5, U5=(U1+U2+U3+U4).It is illustrated in figure 3
Adder physical circuit figure.
(4), to obtain target gain, U5It also needs by ratio enlargement, as shown in figure 4, resistance R7, resistance R8, electricity
It hinders R9, resistance R10 and capacitor C7 and constitutes proportional amplifier of the present invention, after ratio enlargement.The size for adjusting resistance R9 and resistance R10 can change
Become sensor target gain.Capacitor C7 effect is reduction operational amplifier self-noise.
(5)、UOFor inventive sensor final output voltage.Entire hardware circuit diagram is as shown in Figure 6.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of open loop Hall current sensor of four air gap of single magnetic core, including a magnet ring, it is characterised in that: the magnet ring is opened
If there are four opening air gap of same size be used as sensor magnetic circuit, each opening air gap at placement one Hall chip, four
A Hall chip output end accesses adder.
2. a kind of open loop Hall current sensor of four air gap of single magnetic core according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described to add
Musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass connects proportional amplifier, for obtaining the sum of output voltage for the output voltage addition of four Hall chip output ends, and
It to the sum of output voltage and is zoomed in or out by proportional amplifier, obtains the voltage output proportional with electric current to be measured.
3. a kind of open loop Hall current sensor of four air gap of single magnetic core according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described to add
Musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass includes the first operational amplifier, resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, resistance R5, resistance R6, capacitor C5；
The one end resistance R1 connects Hall chip N1 output pin, and the resistance R1 other end connects the first operational amplifier non-inverting input terminal；
The one end resistance R2 connects Hall chip N2 output pin, and the resistance R2 other end connects the first operational amplifier non-inverting input terminal；Resistance
The one end R4 connects Hall chip N3 output pin, and the resistance R4 other end connects the first operational amplifier non-inverting input terminal；Resistance R6 mono-
End connection Hall chip N4 output pin, the resistance R6 other end connect the first operational amplifier non-inverting input terminal；
The one end resistance R3 connects the end GND, and the resistance R3 other end connects the first operational amplifier inverting input terminal；
The one end resistance R5, the one end capacitor C5 are all connected with the first operational amplifier inverting input terminal, and the resistance R5 other end, capacitor C5 are another
One end is all connected with the first operational amplifier output terminal.
4. a kind of open loop Hall current sensor of four air gap of single magnetic core according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the ratio
Example amplifier includes second operational amplifier, resistance R7, resistance R8, resistance R9, resistance R10, capacitor C7；
The one end resistance R7 connects the end GND, and the resistance R7 other end connects second operational amplifier non-inverting input terminal；
The one end resistance R8 connects second operational amplifier output end, and the resistance R8 other end is sensor output mouth；
The one end resistance R9 connects the first operational amplifier output terminal, and the resistance R9 other end connects second operational amplifier anti-phase input
End；The one end resistance R10, the one end capacitor C7 are all connected with second operational amplifier inverting input terminal, the resistance R10 other end, capacitor C7
The other end is all connected with second operational amplifier output end.
5. a kind of open loop Hall current sensor of four air gap of single magnetic core according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the magnetic
Ring uses Ferrite Material.
6. a kind of open loop Hall current sensor of four air gap of single magnetic core according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the magnetic
Ring is rectangular or round.
7. a kind of open loop Hall current sensor of four air gap of single magnetic core according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the magnetic
Ring openings of sizes are as follows: 1.2mm.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112462125A (en) * | 2020-11-14 | 2021-03-09 | 武汉启亦电气有限公司 | Clamp-on ammeter with double breath |
| CN112730947A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-30 | 北京航空航天大学 | Anti-saturation large-current double-Hall-element current sensor |
| CN116545129A (en) * | 2023-07-04 | 2023-08-04 | 南方电网数字电网研究院有限公司 | Direct current line energy taking system and intelligent sensor |
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| CN116545129A (en) * | 2023-07-04 | 2023-08-04 | 南方电网数字电网研究院有限公司 | Direct current line energy taking system and intelligent sensor |
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Application publication date: 20190806 |