CN110095639B - Device and method for generating alternating current quantum voltage - Google Patents
Device and method for generating alternating current quantum voltage Download PDFInfo
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- CN110095639B CN110095639B CN201910273132.4A CN201910273132A CN110095639B CN 110095639 B CN110095639 B CN 110095639B CN 201910273132 A CN201910273132 A CN 201910273132A CN 110095639 B CN110095639 B CN 110095639B
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for generating alternating quantum voltage. The voltage and current conversion circuit is controlled to generate bias current through upper computer programming, quantum voltage is generated under the excitation of microwaves, the accuracy of the quantum voltage is 10-9 orders of magnitude, and alternating current signals can be measured by using the alternating current quantum voltage. The step establishing time of the step wave alternating current quantum voltage generated by the invention is 1.1 mus, the highest frequency is 1kHz, and the measurement of the low-frequency alternating current voltage can be met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metering, and particularly relates to a device and a method for generating alternating-current quantum voltage.
Background
With the reform of the international system of units (SI), the SI system converts the macroscopic physical standard based on the classical theory into the microscopic natural standard based on the quantum physics and the basic physical constant, applies the microscopic natural phenomena and the physical effect in the basic unit measuring standard field, establishes a more scientific, more perfect and more effective modern measuring system, and realizes the international measurement unification. One development trend of modern metrology is to use quantum phenomena to reproduce a measurement unit, establish a measurement standard, and implement a transition from a physical standard to a quantum measurement standard. The basic unit related to the electromagnetic quantity in the international system of units SI is ampere (a), and it is very difficult to maintain a highly stable current standard for a long period of time. The current in amperes is typically derived from ohm's law using a stored and reproduced voltage in volts and a resistance in ohms. After 1990, the countryThe voltage units reproduced by the principle of the Josephson effect are uniformly used to ensure the consistency of voltage unit tracing in the international range, and the Josephson constant K is defined(J-90)2e/h, its value is 483597.9 GHz/V. China also establishes 1V and 10V direct current Josephson quantum voltage references in 1993 and 1999 successively, does not establish an alternating current quantum voltage reference at present, and the synthesis of the alternating current quantum voltage is a main problem of establishing the interchange current quantum voltage reference.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of alternating current quantum voltage synthesis, and provides a device and a method for generating alternating current quantum voltage, which provide a solution for the synthesis of alternating current quantum voltage dynamic signals.
The alternating current quantum voltage generation system comprises an upper computer, a clock, a driving circuit, a digital voltmeter, a microwave source, a low-temperature probe rod, a low-temperature Dewar and a PJVS (Poly-V-junction) junction array; wherein the content of the first and second substances is controlled,
the upper computer is connected with the clock, the driving circuit, the Digital Voltmeter (DVM) and the microwave source;
the digital voltmeter is connected with the upper computer and the low-temperature probe rod, receives an instruction of the upper computer, reads a voltage value when the PJVS (P-junction V) array is subjected to I-V characteristic scanning, then sends the read voltage value to the upper computer for storage, and analyzes that the voltage V fluctuation is larger than 1 multiplied by 10-7The range of bias current I corresponding to V is determined, and the PJVS junction array cannot stably output quantum voltage when the bias current is less than 1mA, so that whether the working state of the PJVS junction array is normal or not is judged according to the I-V characteristic;
the microwave source is connected with the upper computer and the low-temperature probe rod, generates a microwave signal under the control of the upper computer, outputs the microwave signal on the PJVS junction array through the low-temperature probe rod, and excites the PJVS junction array to generate quantum voltage; preferably, the microwave signal is around 20 GHz.
The clock is connected with the upper computer, the driving circuit, the digital voltmeter and the microwave source and provides a working clock for the upper computer, the driving circuit, the digital voltmeter and the microwave source;
the low-temperature probe rod is connected with the driving circuit, the digital voltmeter, the microwave source and the PJVS (PJVS) junction array, and receives a switch control signal generated by the driving circuit to control the switching of a switch in the low-temperature probe rod; the low-temperature probe rod receives the driving current generated by the driving circuit and outputs the driving current to the PJVS junction array to drive the PJVS junction array to generate a corresponding voltage value;
the PJVS junction array is connected with the low-temperature probe rod, generates three bias states, namely positive bias, zero position and reverse bias, under the control of the driving circuit and the microwave source and is used for generating negative voltage, zero voltage and positive voltage;
the low-temperature dewar provides low temperature, preferably 4K, for the PJVS junction array, so that the PJVS chip is in a superconducting state.
Furthermore, the driving circuit comprises an analog switch control circuit and a voltage-current conversion circuit, the analog switch control circuit is connected with the upper computer and the low-temperature probe rod, and the analog switch control circuit receives an instruction of the upper computer and generates a signal for controlling a switch in the low-temperature probe rod, so that the PJVS (Poly-V-junction) works in four states of I-V characteristic scanning, direct current quantum voltage output, alternating current quantum voltage output and output short circuit;
the voltage-current conversion circuit is connected with the upper computer and the low-temperature probe rod, receives a bias matrix generated by the upper computer, generates a bias current, transmits the bias current to the PJVS junction array through the low-temperature probe rod, and controls the bias state of the PJVS junction array.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of using the above alternating current quantum voltage generating system, comprising the steps of:
step 1: and the upper computer sends an instruction to the analog switch control circuit, so that a switch in the low-temperature probe rod is switched to an I-V characteristic scanning position, the I-V characteristic of the PJVS junction array is scanned, the required bias current is determined, and the voltage output of the driving circuit is set according to the bias current.
Step 2: the upper computer sends an instruction to the analog switch control circuit to enable the internal switch of the low-temperature probe rod to be switched to a quantum voltage output state, the upper computer controls the microwave source to generate microwave signals required for exciting the PJVS junction array, and the upper computer synthesizes the voltage value of each step of the step wave alternating current quantum voltage according to the step wave alternating current quantum voltage to be synthesizedCalculating the bias state (positive bias, zero bias and reverse bias) of each step corresponding to the 14-segment junction of the PJVS junction array, storing the bias matrix corresponding to the bias state, controlling the voltage-current conversion circuit to generate bias current by the upper computer, calculating the bias voltage output by the DAC in the voltage-current conversion circuit according to the bias matrix, the bias current and the line resistor R under the control of microwave signals and the bias current, and outputting the bias voltage at the clock fclkUnder the control of the PJVS junction array, the step wave alternating current quantum voltage signal is dynamically synthesized.
Further, the method also comprises the step 3: the upper computer controls the microwave source to stop microwave output, controls the voltage-current conversion circuit to stop outputting bias current, and sends an instruction to the analog switch control circuit to enable the switch in the low-temperature probe rod to be switched to an output short-circuit state.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
a device for generating alternating current quantum voltage is characterized in that a voltage-current conversion circuit is controlled to generate bias current through upper computer programming, quantum voltage is generated under the excitation of microwaves, and the accuracy of the quantum voltage is 10-9The magnitude, therefore the alternating current quantum voltage has very high accuracy, and the alternating current quantum voltage can be used for measuring the alternating current signal. The step establishing time of the step wave alternating current quantum voltage generated by the invention is 1.1 mus, the highest frequency is 1kHz, and the measurement of the low-frequency alternating current voltage can be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general block diagram of an AC quantum voltage generation system;
FIG. 2 is a general block diagram of a drive system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a voltage to current conversion circuit;
fig. 4 is a time sequence of generating the step wave ac quantum voltage.
Detailed Description
The following is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the invention provides a device and a method for generating alternating current quantum voltage, which are used for generating an alternating current quantum voltage standard signal in an laboratory environment. The state scanning of the PJVS junction array and the synthesis of the bias matrix of alternating-current quantum voltage are realized through the control of an upper computer, the generation of bias current is realized by combining a driving circuit, and the PJVS junction array is controlled to output a step wave alternating-current quantum voltage signal with the highest frequency of 1 kHz.
The general idea of the invention is that firstly, an upper computer controls an analog switch control circuit to be switched to a PJVS (PJVS) junction array I-V characteristic scanning state, the I-V characteristic scanning of the PJVS junction array is realized by utilizing the software control of the upper computer, the magnitude of bias current is determined, and the measured magnitude of the bias current is stored; and then the upper computer controls the analog switch control circuit to switch to an alternating current quantum voltage output state, a stored bias current file is called, the upper computer calculates the bias state of each step corresponding to the 14-segment junction of the PJVS junction array according to the voltage value of each step of the step wave alternating current quantum voltage to be synthesized, stores the bias matrix corresponding to the bias state, and calculates the bias voltage output by the DAC in the voltage-current conversion circuit according to the bias matrix, the bias current and the line resistor R. Finally at the clock fclkUnder the control of the PJVS junction array, the step wave alternating current quantum voltage signal is dynamically synthesized.
The alternating current quantum voltage generating device disclosed by the invention is shown in figure 1 and mainly comprises an upper computer, a driving circuit, a Digital Voltmeter (DVM), a microwave source, a clock, a low-temperature probe rod, a low-temperature Dewar and a PJVS (PJVS) junction array.
The upper computer is connected with the clock, the driving circuit, the Digital Voltmeter (DVM) and the microwave source. The clock provides a working clock for the upper computer, and the upper computer controls the driving circuit to generate driving current for driving the PJVS junction array to generate quantum voltage; the upper computer controls a digital voltmeter to read the voltage of the PJVS junction array for I-V characteristic scanning; the upper computer controls the microwave source to generate microwave of about 20GHz for exciting the PJVS junction array to generate quantum voltage.
In this embodiment, the driving circuit may include an analog switch control circuit and a voltage-current conversion circuit.
The analog switch control circuit is connected with the upper computer and the low-temperature probe rod, receives an instruction of the upper computer, generates a signal for controlling a switch in the low-temperature probe rod, and enables the PJVS junction array to work in four states of I-V characteristic scanning, direct current quantum voltage output, alternating current quantum voltage output and output short circuit.
The voltage-current conversion circuit is connected with the upper computer and the low-temperature probe rod, the upper computer calculates a bias matrix, bias voltage output is set according to the bias matrix and bias current scanned by I-V characteristics, the voltage-current conversion circuit receives the bias voltage generated by the upper computer, the voltage-current conversion circuit is controlled to generate corresponding bias current, the bias current is transmitted to the PJVS junction array through the low-temperature probe rod, and the bias state of the PJVS junction array is controlled.
The digital voltmeter is connected with the upper computer and the low-temperature probe rod, receives an instruction of the upper computer, reads a voltage value when the PJVS junction array is subjected to I-V characteristic scanning, and then sends the read voltage value to the upper computer for storage and analysis.
The microwave source is connected with the upper computer and the low-temperature probe rod, the microwave source generates a microwave signal with the frequency of about 20GHz under the control of the upper computer, the microwave signal is applied to the PJVS junction array through the low-temperature probe rod, and the PJVS junction array is excited to generate quantum voltage.
The clock is connected with the upper computer, the driving circuit, the digital voltmeter and the microwave source and provides a working clock for the upper computer, the driving circuit, the digital voltmeter and the microwave source.
The low-temperature probe rod is connected with the driving circuit, the digital voltmeter, the microwave source and the PJVS (PJVS) junction array, and receives a switch control signal generated by the driving circuit to control the switching of switches in the low-temperature probe rod; the low-temperature probe rod receives a driving current generated by the voltage-current conversion circuit and supplies the driving current to the PJVS junction array, and the driving PJVS junction array is driven to generate a corresponding voltage value; the low-temperature probe rod receives a microwave signal of a microwave source and supplies the microwave signal to the PJVS junction array, the microwave signal is used for exciting the PJVS junction array to generate a quantum effect, and quantum voltage is generated by combining with the control of driving current; the low-temperature probe rod is connected with the PJVS junction array, is used for fixing the PJVS junction array and establishes a connection between the PJVS junction array and the driving circuit, the digital voltmeter and the microwave source.
The PJVS junction array is connected with the low-temperature probe rod, generates three bias states of positive bias, zero position and reverse bias under the control of the driving circuit and the microwave source, and is used for generating negative voltage, zero voltage and positive voltage.
The low-temperature Dewar provides 4K temperature for the PJVS junction array, so that the PJVS chip is in a superconducting state.
The general structure of the driving system of the invention is shown in fig. 2, the PJVS junction array is composed of 14 segments of junction arrays, and each segment of junction array needs the voltage-current conversion circuit shown in fig. 3 to drive to generate quantum voltage. The voltage and current conversion circuit mainly comprises three parts of voltage control, current driving and impedance matching, wherein the voltage control is to generate corresponding driving voltage under the control of an upper computer, and the driving voltage is converted into corresponding driving current after the current control and the impedance matching.
The method for realizing the generation of the step wave quantum voltage signal by using the alternating current quantum voltage generating device mainly comprises the following steps:
step 1: I-V characteristic scan. The upper computer sends an instruction to the analog switch control circuit, so that a switch in the low-temperature probe rod is switched to an I-V characteristic scanning position, under the control of software in the upper computer, the I-V characteristic of the PJVS junction array is scanned, the magnitude of the required bias current is determined, and the voltage output of the driving circuit is set according to the magnitude of the bias current.
Step 2: and (5) outputting the quantum voltage. The upper computer sends an instruction to the analog switch control circuit, so that the internal switch of the low-temperature probe rod is switched to a quantum voltage output state, the upper computer controls the microwave source to generate microwave signals required for exciting the PJVS junction array, the upper computer calculates the bias states (positive bias, zero bias and reverse bias) of the PJVS junction array required by the quantum voltage output, the upper computer controls the voltage current conversion circuit to generate corresponding bias currents, and the PJVS junction array bias states are controlled to synthesize the required quantum voltage.
And step 3: and stopping working. The upper computer controls the microwave source to stop microwave output, the voltage-current conversion circuit stops outputting bias current, and the upper computer sends an instruction to the analog switch control circuit to enable the switch in the low-temperature probe rod to be switched to an output short-circuit state.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides an alternating current quantum voltage generates device, includes host computer, clock, drive circuit, digital voltmeter, microwave source, low temperature probe rod, low temperature dewar and PJVS knot array, wherein:
the upper computer is connected with the clock, the driving circuit, the Digital Voltmeter (DVM) and the microwave source, and controls the driving circuit to generate driving current;
the digital voltmeter is connected with the upper computer and the low-temperature probe rod, receives an instruction of the upper computer, reads a voltage value when the PJVS junction array performs I-V characteristic scanning, and then sends the read voltage value to the upper computer for storage and analysis;
the microwave source is connected with the upper computer and the low-temperature probe rod, generates a microwave signal under the control of the upper computer, outputs the microwave signal on the PJVS junction array through the low-temperature probe rod, and excites the PJVS junction array to generate quantum voltage;
the clock is connected with the upper computer, the driving circuit, the digital voltmeter and the microwave source and provides a working clock for the upper computer, the driving circuit, the digital voltmeter and the microwave source;
the low-temperature probe rod is connected with the driving circuit, the digital voltmeter, the microwave source and the PJVS (PJVS) junction array, and receives a switch control signal generated by the driving circuit to control the switching of a switch in the low-temperature probe rod; the low-temperature probe rod receives the driving current generated by the driving circuit and outputs the driving current to the PJVS junction array to drive the PJVS junction array to generate a corresponding voltage value;
the PJVS junction array is connected with the low-temperature probe rod, generates three bias states, namely positive bias, zero position and reverse bias, under the control of the driving circuit and the microwave source and is used for generating negative voltage, zero voltage and positive voltage;
the low-temperature Dewar provides low temperature for the PJVS junction array, so that the PJVS chip is in a superconducting state.
2. The alternating current quantum voltage generation device according to claim 1, wherein the driving circuit further comprises an analog switch control circuit and a voltage-current conversion circuit, the analog switch control circuit is connected with the upper computer and the low-temperature probe rod, the analog switch control circuit receives an instruction of the upper computer and generates a signal for controlling a switch in the low-temperature probe rod, so that the PJVS junction array works in four states of I-V characteristic scanning, direct current quantum voltage output, alternating current quantum voltage output and output short circuit;
the voltage-current conversion circuit is connected with the upper computer and the low-temperature probe rod, receives bias voltage generated by the upper computer, generates bias current, transmits the bias current to the PJVS junction array through the low-temperature probe rod, and controls the bias state of the PJVS junction array.
3. The ac quantum voltage generating device according to claim 2, wherein the voltage current converting circuit mainly comprises three parts of voltage control, current driving and impedance matching, wherein the voltage control is to generate a corresponding driving voltage under the control of the upper computer, and to convert the driving voltage into a corresponding driving current after the current driving and impedance matching.
4. The ac quantum voltage generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the microwave signal generated by the microwave source is about 20 GHz.
5. The ac quantum voltage generating device according to claim 1, wherein the low temperature is 4K.
6. A method of producing a quantum voltage by the ac quantum voltage generating device of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1: the upper computer sends an instruction to the analog switch control circuit, so that a switch in the low-temperature probe rod is switched to an I-V characteristic scanning position, the I-V characteristic of the PJVS junction array is scanned, the required bias current is determined, and the voltage output of the driving circuit is set according to the bias current;
step 2: the upper computer sends an instruction to the analog switch control circuit, so that an internal switch of the low-temperature probe rod is switched to a quantum voltage output state, the upper computer controls a microwave source to generate a microwave signal required for exciting the PJVS junction array, the upper computer calculates the bias state of each step corresponding to 14 sections of the PJVS junction array according to the voltage value of each step of the stepped wave alternating current quantum voltage to be synthesized, the bias state comprises positive bias, zero bias and reverse bias, the bias matrix corresponding to the bias state is stored, the upper computer controls the voltage-current conversion circuit to generate bias current, under the control of the microwave signal and the bias current, the bias voltage output by a DAC in the voltage-current conversion circuit is calculated according to the bias matrix, the bias current and the line resistor R, and the PJVS junction array is driven to dynamically synthesize the stepped wave alternating current quantum voltage signal under the control of the clock fclk.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising step 3: the upper computer controls the microwave source to stop microwave output, the upper computer controls the voltage-current conversion circuit to stop outputting bias current, and the upper computer sends an instruction to the analog switch control circuit to enable the switch in the low-temperature probe rod to be switched to an output short-circuit state.
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| CN110673523B (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2020-11-13 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Josephson junction array driving method combining balanced ternary and index algorithm |
| CN111900956B (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2023-06-09 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Power generation device based on pulse driving type alternating current quantum voltage source |
| CN111896800B (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2023-01-20 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Power measurement device and method based on pulse-driven alternating-current quantum voltage source |
| CN114153257B (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2023-04-11 | 国网陕西省电力公司营销服务中心(计量中心) | Two-way programmable Josephson junction array driving method and device |
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