CN110095075B - Cylinder diameter measuring device and method - Google Patents
Cylinder diameter measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110095075B CN110095075B CN201810092139.1A CN201810092139A CN110095075B CN 110095075 B CN110095075 B CN 110095075B CN 201810092139 A CN201810092139 A CN 201810092139A CN 110095075 B CN110095075 B CN 110095075B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for measuring the diameter of a cylinder, wherein the device comprises a light source, a reflecting/transmitting mirror, a reflecting mirror and two optical reflecting modules; parallel light beams emitted by the light source pass through the reflecting/transmitting mirror to form reflected light and transmitted light, and the reflected light and the transmitted light are changed in direction by the two optical reflecting modules and then are projected to the edges of two sides of the measured cylinder; each optical reflection module is respectively provided with a driving device which can lead the optical reflection module to move back and forth, and also comprises a light curtain which is used for receiving or displaying the edge projection of the measured cylinder formed after the emergent light irradiation, and an image acquisition device which is used for acquiring and reading the edge projection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machine vision measurement, in particular to a device and a method for measuring the diameter of a cylinder.
Background
With the vigorous development of microelectronic technology, computing technology and image processing technology, machine vision inspection technology gradually moves from experiment to practical application stage. The method has the advantages of high detection efficiency, good detection consistency and the like, so that the method has the great advantage of replacing people or reducing the labor intensity of workers in certain application occasions. The machine vision detection system is the integration of an optical electromechanical system, and a more stable working effect can be obtained through reasonable system design.
In industrial application, one-dimensional measurement such as cylinder diameter is more in demand, such as measurement of the diameter of large-diameter workpieces such as steel pipes and round blanks of forging machines. These requirements not only require a system design with a high measurement accuracy, but also a large measurement range, i.e. range. Typically, large-range dimensional measurement systems are complex and costly.
Chinese patent documents No. 201410751963.5 and No. 201410454075.7 both disclose technical solutions for cylinder measurement, which use an image sensor to directly image a cylinder, and perform measurement and calculation through image processing, but none of the related solutions can perform measurement for a cylinder with variable size and space, and there are some technical defects.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a measuring device which is suitable for the situation that the one-dimensional size of a measured object has larger change and has convenient operation and higher measuring precision aiming at a cylinder with a variable diameter.
The technical problem to be solved can be implemented by the following technical scheme.
A cylindrical diameter measuring device comprising:
a light source for providing a collimated parallel beam of light;
a reflecting and transmitting mirror, and
a first reflector; and
the first optical reflection module and the second optical reflection module;
the parallel light beams emitted by the light source form first reflected light and first transmitted light after being reflected and transmitted by the reflection and transmission mirror, and the first transmitted light forms second reflected light after being reflected by the first reflection mirror; the first reflected light is incident to the first optical reflection module and forms first emergent light after being optically reflected by the first optical reflection module, and the first emergent light is projected to the first edge of the measured cylinder; the second reflected light is incident to the second optical reflection module and forms second emergent light after being optically reflected by the second optical reflection module, and the second emergent light is projected to the second edge of the measured cylinder;
the first optical reflection module is provided with a first driving device, and the first optical reflection module can be driven by the first driving device to reciprocate along the direction of the first reflected light; the second optical reflection module is provided with a second driving device, and the second optical reflection module can be driven by the second driving device to reciprocate along the direction of the second reflected light;
the device also includes:
a light curtain for receiving or displaying the edge projection of the measured cylinder formed by the irradiation of the first emergent light and the second emergent light, and
an image acquisition device for acquiring and reading the edge projections.
As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the first optical reflection module is a total reflection prism set.
As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the second optical reflection module is a total reflection prism set.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first optical reflection module is an optical triple prism or an optical pentaprism.
Also as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second optical reflection module is an optical triple prism or an optical pentaprism.
As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the light source further comprises a second reflecting mirror, and the parallel light beam forms the incident light of the reflecting and transmitting mirror after being reflected by the second reflecting mirror.
As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first reflected light is perpendicular to the first outgoing light; the second reflected light is perpendicular to the second emergent light.
Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for measuring a diameter of a cylinder by using the above measuring apparatus, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) the light source provides parallel light beams with the diameter smaller than the aperture of 100 mm;
(2) the light beam enters the reflecting and transmitting mirror, and the transmitted light enters the first reflecting mirror;
(3) the first reflected light enters the first optical reflection module, the second reflected light enters the second optical reflection module, and the emergent light can be irradiated to the position of the measured cylinder after the direction of the light path is changed respectively;
(4) adjusting the first driving device and the second driving device according to the required size to enable emergent light of the following first optical reflection module and the following second optical reflection module to be emitted in parallel and keep a boundary capable of covering one dimension of the measured cylinder;
(5) driving the first driving device and the second driving device to respectively stop at the appointed positions according to the preset size of the measurement object so as to keep the distance between the two parallel emergent lights as a set size;
(6) putting a measured cylinder into a measuring area for projection, and forming projection on a light curtain after two parallel emergent lights penetrate through the boundary of the measured cylinder;
(7) and acquiring and calculating the imaged projection through image acquisition equipment to obtain the diameter size of the cylinder.
The invention provides a diameter variable cylinder diameter measuring device and method. The method projects two boundaries in the diameter direction of a cylinder onto a light curtain by means of the collimation of a light source, and when the diameter of the cylinder changes, the irradiation interval of the light source changes along with the change of the diameter of the cylinder, so that the light source can penetrate through the boundaries to project the boundaries onto the light curtain; and then, imaging the light curtain by using an image sensor, and obtaining and calculating the image position of the diameter boundary of the cylinder on the light curtain to finish diameter measurement. The method has the advantage of being capable of adapting to the requirement of a larger measurement range.
The invention provides a measuring device and a method which are suitable for large change of one-dimensional size of a measured object. A group of parallel light sources is matched with the light curtain for imaging, and the images are analyzed and calculated. The parallel light source is designed into a light source with adjustable light distance of two beams, can adapt to the size change of a measurement object, projects the object boundary onto the light curtain by the light source, and realizes size measurement by completing the calculation of the projection position by the image sensor. The design principle is simple, the mechanism is simple, and a reliable and low-cost scheme design is provided for position tracking and size measurement of the measured object.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a variable diameter measuring device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a tracking boundary of the variable diameter measurement device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a variable diameter measuring device of the present invention for measuring two lateral boundaries;
FIG. 4 is a sizing flowchart;
in the figure: 1-a light source; 2-mirror I; 3-Trans/Reflector II; 4-mirror III; 5-pentaprism optical lens I; 6-pentaprism optical lens II; 7-movement means I; 8-movement means II; 9-measured object; 10-light curtain; 11-image sensor;
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a variable cylinder diameter machine vision measuring device and method based on boundary and contour tracking imaging. The method is suitable for occasions with large outline change of the measured object.
Aiming at the condition that the distance between two boundaries of a measured object is greatly changed, if one parallel light source is designed to cover a large visual field, higher cost is needed, and the precision is difficult to guarantee. Further, since the parallel light is emitted by two parallel lights, and the distance between the two light sources can be adjusted by the movement mechanism, the general movement mechanism brings a large parallelism error, and a new machine vision measurement scheme is provided for the requirement.
The specific structure design and measurement method of the cylinder diameter measurement device shown in fig. 1 to 3 is as follows:
firstly, the illumination interval of the light source is adjusted according to the preset measurement size. The light source illumination module is divided into two beams by an optical system from a beam of parallel light to illuminate a boundary area, and is specifically designed as follows by combining a size measurement flow chart shown in fig. 4:
(1) the light source 1 is a small-caliber (the diameter is smaller than 100mm caliber) parallel light beam light source, and the light beam emitted by the light source changes the direction of the light path through a reflector I (the label is 2 in the figure).
(2) The light of the light source is redirected into the transmission/reflection mirror II (3 in the figure), wherein the transmission part enters the reflection mirror III (4 in the figure).
(3) The parallel light rays entering the transmission/reflection mirror II and the reflection mirror III respectively enter the pentaprism optical lens I (the reference number is 5 in the figure) and the pentaprism optical lens II (the reference number is 6 in the figure) after being reflected, the pentaprism optical lens also has the function of changing the direction of the light path, and the parallel light rays are finally projected to an imaged object by the aid of the function of changing the direction of the light rays by 90 degrees.
(4) The pentaprism optical lens I and the pentaprism optical lens II are respectively arranged on two moving mechanisms, namely a moving device I (marked with a reference number in the figure 7) and a moving device II (marked with a reference number in the figure 8), and can do linear motion on the moving mechanisms. And adjusting the movement mechanism according to the required size to enable the light emitted by the pentaprism optical lens I and the pentaprism optical lens II to be emitted in parallel, wherein two beams of light have a certain distance and can cover the boundary of one dimension of the measured object.
(5) And driving the moving device I and the moving device II to stop at the specified positions respectively according to the preset size of the measured object, wherein the two light beams are parallel, and the distance is the set size.
Then, the object 9 to be measured is put into the measurement region for projection. The collimated light source will form a shadow zone on the light sheet 10 across the boundary of the object to be measured, the size of the shadow zone being related to the size of the object to be measured.
Finally, imaging and calculating. The image is formed by the image sensor 11, and the distance between the shadow sections in the image, namely the one-dimensional size of the measured object, is calculated through image analysis, and the diameter size of the cylinder is calculated aiming at the cylinder.
Example 1: object boundary position tracking application
As shown in fig. 2, the boundary of the measured object is changed, for example, the boundary of the object in fig. 2 is changed from position B to position B ', the moving device 7 is moved to drive the pentaprism optical turning optical component (i.e. the pentaprism optical lens I marked by the reference numeral 5) to perform corresponding movement of position (the pentaprism optical lens indicated by the dotted line in the figure indicates the moved position), the position of covering B' is reached from the covering B position, i.e. the light source covers the boundary of the measured object 9 all the time in the macroscopic view, the projection is mapped on the light curtain 10, the position of the shadow boundary on the light curtain 10 is obtained by using the image sensor 11 (e.g. an industrial camera), and then the specific boundary accuracy is obtained by image boundary calculation, and finally the purpose of boundary tracking is achieved.
Example 2: one-dimensional object dimension measurement applications
The design and application of the breadth-variable parallel light source to track the boundary of an object are described in embodiment 1, and in practical application, two boundaries of one-dimensional size need to be tracked simultaneously, namely, the size measurement function is completed, such as measuring the width of a steel plate, the diameter of a pipe rod wire and the like. As shown in fig. 3, two boundaries of the object 9 to be measured are changed, for example, if one boundary of the object is changed from position a to position a ', and the other boundary is changed from position B to position B', the moving device I and the moving device II with the numbers 7 and 8 are moved, so as to drive the pentaprism light-bending optical component to perform corresponding movement of position (the pentaprism drawn by the dotted line in the figure illustrates the position of the pentaprism after movement), the covering positions of the two light sources are evolved from AB to covering a 'B', that is, the light sources cover the two boundaries of the object 9 to be measured macroscopically, and then the specific boundary accuracy is calculated by the image boundary obtained by the image sensor, so as to finally achieve the purpose of measuring the AB distance, that is, measuring the size.
Of course, an optical lens using a prism may also satisfy the purpose of optical direction change.
The device and the method for measuring the variable diameter of the cylinder are suitable for the situation that the one-dimensional size of a measured object has large change. The device is realized by a high-precision parallel light source with adjustable and changeable breadth, the parallel light source divides a beam of parallel light source into light beams, adjusts the direction of the light beams, and finally emits the light beams through a pentaprism, wherein the pentaprism is arranged on a running mechanism with adjustable position. The method projects two boundaries in the diameter direction of a cylinder onto a light curtain by means of the collimation of a light source, when the diameter of the cylinder changes, the irradiation interval of the light source changes along with the change of the diameter of the cylinder, the light source can penetrate through the boundaries, and the opposite sides finish projection on the light curtain; and then, imaging the light curtain by using an image sensor, and obtaining and calculating the image position of the diameter boundary of the cylinder on the light curtain to finish diameter measurement.
The method is particularly suitable for tracking position change and realizing one-dimensional size measurement, and has wide application prospect aiming at the measurement requirements of large-size measurement and position tracking.
Claims (8)
1. A cylinder diameter measuring device, comprising:
a light source for providing a collimated parallel beam of light;
a reflecting and transmitting mirror, and
a first reflector; and
the first optical reflection module and the second optical reflection module;
the parallel light beams emitted by the light source form first reflected light and first transmitted light after being reflected and transmitted by the reflection and transmission mirror, and the first transmitted light forms second reflected light after being reflected by the first reflection mirror; the first reflected light is incident to the first optical reflection module and forms first emergent light after being optically reflected by the first optical reflection module, and the first emergent light is projected to the first edge of the measured cylinder; the second reflected light is incident to the second optical reflection module and forms second emergent light after being optically reflected by the second optical reflection module, and the second emergent light is projected to the second edge of the measured cylinder;
the first optical reflection module is provided with a first driving device, and the first optical reflection module can be driven by the first driving device to reciprocate along the direction of the first reflected light; the second optical reflection module is provided with a second driving device, and the second optical reflection module can be driven by the second driving device to reciprocate along the direction of the second reflected light;
the device also includes:
a light curtain for receiving or displaying the edge projection of the measured cylinder formed by the irradiation of the first emergent light and the second emergent light, and
an image acquisition device for acquiring and reading the edge projections.
2. The cylindrical diameter measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the first optical reflection module is a total reflection prism assembly.
3. The cylindrical diameter measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the second optical reflection module is a total reflection prism assembly.
4. The cylinder diameter measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first optical reflection module is an optical triangular prism or an optical pentagonal prism.
5. The cylinder diameter measuring device according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the second optical reflection module is an optical triangular prism or an optical pentagonal prism.
6. The cylinder diameter measuring device according to claim 1, further comprising a second reflecting mirror, wherein the parallel light beam is reflected by the second reflecting mirror to form the incident light of the reflecting and transmitting mirror.
7. The cylindrical diameter measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the first reflected light is orthogonal to the first outgoing light; the second reflected light is perpendicular to the second emergent light.
8. A method for measuring the diameter of a cylinder using the measuring device of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) the light source provides parallel light beams with the diameter smaller than the aperture of 100 mm;
(2) the light beam enters the reflecting and transmitting mirror, and the transmitted light enters the first reflecting mirror;
(3) the first reflected light enters the first optical reflection module, the second reflected light enters the second optical reflection module, and the emergent light can be irradiated to the position of the measured cylinder after the direction of the light path is changed respectively;
(4) adjusting the first driving device and the second driving device according to the required size to enable emergent light of the following first optical reflection module and the following second optical reflection module to be emitted in parallel and keep a boundary capable of covering one dimension of the measured cylinder;
(5) driving the first driving device and the second driving device to respectively stop at the appointed positions according to the preset size of the measurement object so as to keep the distance between the two parallel emergent lights as a set size;
(6) putting a measured cylinder into a measuring area for projection, and forming projection on a light curtain after two parallel emergent lights penetrate through the boundary of the measured cylinder;
(7) and acquiring and calculating the imaged projection through image acquisition equipment to obtain the diameter size of the cylinder.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810092139.1A CN110095075B (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2018-01-30 | Cylinder diameter measuring device and method |
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| CN201810092139.1A CN110095075B (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2018-01-30 | Cylinder diameter measuring device and method |
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| CN110095075B true CN110095075B (en) | 2021-01-12 |
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| DE1933719A1 (en) * | 1969-07-03 | 1971-01-07 | Leitz Ernst Gmbh | Device for determining the position of workpieces |
| JP5560628B2 (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2014-07-30 | ソニー株式会社 | Inspection apparatus and inspection method |
| CN204007540U (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-12-10 | 徐州工程学院 | Roll Testing Cylindricity Error device based on ccd image |
| CN107664483B (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2019-06-25 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of cylinder bar shape parameter measurement method |
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