CN110094213B - Space combined supporting structure and supporting method for water-rich broken stratum tunnel - Google Patents
Space combined supporting structure and supporting method for water-rich broken stratum tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN110094213B CN110094213B CN201910449236.6A CN201910449236A CN110094213B CN 110094213 B CN110094213 B CN 110094213B CN 201910449236 A CN201910449236 A CN 201910449236A CN 110094213 B CN110094213 B CN 110094213B
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- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 272
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 272
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009916 joint effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/003—Linings or provisions thereon, specially adapted for traffic tunnels, e.g. with built-in cleaning devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
- E21F16/02—Drainage of tunnels
Abstract
The invention discloses a space combined supporting structure and a supporting method of a water-rich broken stratum tunnel, relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and solves the problems that surrounding rock is easy to deform greatly, the pressure of the born surrounding rock is large, water leakage is difficult to effectively prevent and treat, and the stability of the tunnel structure and the construction safety are endangered when conventional anchor spraying supporting surrounding rock is adopted in a water-rich broken surrounding rock section. The key points of the technical scheme are as follows: the steel arch comprises a primary concrete layer, a reinforcing mesh and steel arches which are arranged at intervals; longitudinal connecting steel beams distributed along the axis of the tunnel in a staggered manner are arranged between the steel arches in the circumferential direction; the longitudinal connecting steel beam is connected with an anchor rod; the steel fiber concrete layer covering the steel arch, the steel bar net and the longitudinal connecting steel beam is sprayed on the surface of the steel bar net; a water-proof and drainage structure layer is laid on the surface of the steel fiber concrete; and a secondary lining concrete layer is poured on the surface of the waterproof and drainage structure layer. The method has the effects of effectively controlling deformation of surrounding rock in the tunnel, having excellent waterproof and drainage functions and guaranteeing stable tunnel structure and construction safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a space joint supporting structure and a supporting method of a water-rich broken stratum tunnel.
Background
When the large-section tunnel body is excavated in the bias water-rich stratum section, when surrounding rock is weak surrounding rock, especially fully weathered stratum or strong weathered stratum, the surrounding rock is extremely easy to cause overlarge convergence deformation in the tunnel hole and even collapse accidents are caused, and when the buried depth is not large, the mountain body surface above the tunnel is extremely easy to crack and even landslide occurs. When the terrain bias is met and the geology is the condition of abundant water quantity and surrounding rock breaking, tunnel supporting procedures are usually required to be carried out so as to ensure the safety of tunnel construction.
At present, the conventional shotcrete support is mainly carried out by adopting a mode of shotcrete, steel support and anchor rods for effective flexible support, so that the self-stabilizing bearing capacity of surrounding rock can be exerted.
In the prior art, when the tunnel is excavated in the water-rich broken section, because the underground water is rich, the surrounding rock self-stabilization capability is poor, the surrounding rock is easy to loose greatly due to excavation disturbance, the arching effect is poor, the supporting structure bears larger surrounding rock pressure by adopting a conventional anchor spraying supporting mode, the surrounding rock tends to deform greatly, and the water leakage is difficult to effectively prevent and treat, so that the stability of the tunnel structure and the safety of operators are endangered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a space combined supporting structure and a supporting method for a water-rich broken stratum tunnel, which can fully exert the space combined effect of supporting structure points, lines and surfaces, thereby greatly increasing the rigidity of a supporting system, improving the bearing capacity and effectively controlling the deformation of broken surrounding rocks; meanwhile, leakage of the tunnel can be prevented, so that stability and construction safety of the structure in the tunnel are guaranteed, and the tunnel has the advantages of high construction efficiency and good applicability.
The technical aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the space combined supporting structure of the water-rich broken stratum tunnel comprises a primary layer concrete layer with the thickness of 3-5cm sprayed on the surface of surrounding rock in the tunnel, a reinforcing steel bar net paved on the surface of the primary layer concrete layer and a plurality of steel arches arranged at intervals, wherein the steel arches are contacted with the surface of the reinforcing steel bar net; longitudinal connecting steel beams are arranged between the steel arches in the circumferential direction, and the longitudinal connecting steel beams are arranged in a staggered mode along the axis of the tunnel; the longitudinal connecting steel beam is connected with an anchor rod of which the anchoring section is positioned in the surrounding rock of the tunnel; the steel reinforcement net surface is sprayed with a steel fiber concrete layer covering the steel arch, the steel reinforcement net and the longitudinal connecting steel beam, and the thickness of the steel fiber concrete layer is 20-25cm; a water-proof and drainage structure layer is laid on the surface of the steel fiber concrete; and a secondary lining concrete layer is poured on the surface of the waterproof and drainage structure layer.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the water-rich broken stratum of the tunnel is subjected to supporting construction, surrounding rocks in the tunnel are conveniently sealed through the primary concrete layer, so that primary flexible supporting is conveniently formed for the tunnel; the combined supporting structure is conveniently formed in the tunnel through the reinforcing mesh and the steel arch, so that the contact degree between the reinforcing mesh and the steel arch and surrounding rock in the tunnel is conveniently increased, and the stress performance of the reinforcing mesh and the steel arch is better; meanwhile, the line contact between the steel arch and the surrounding rock in the tunnel can be changed into the surface contact; the steel beam is longitudinally connected, so that a supporting structure which is integrated with the supporting part of the steel arch is formed; meanwhile, the longitudinal connection steel beam connected with the steel arch is convenient for greatly increasing stress supporting points of the steel arch, so that the bearing capacity of the steel arch can be obviously improved, and a two-layer rigid supporting structure is formed; the contact degree of the longitudinal connection steel beam and surrounding rock in the tunnel is increased conveniently through the anchor rod; meanwhile, the integrity between the longitudinal connection steel beam, the steel arch, the reinforcing mesh and the surrounding rock in the tunnel can be enhanced through the anchor rod, so that the combined supporting effect is enhanced; the steel fiber concrete layer is convenient for forming a space combined supporting system with high stability, rigidity and bearing capacity among the steel arch, the longitudinal connecting steel beam, the anchor rods and the reinforcing steel bar net; meanwhile, the surrounding rock pressure in the tunnel can be secondarily distributed through the steel fiber concrete layer, so that the pressure is uniformly distributed to a space combined support system formed by the steel arch, the reinforcing mesh, the longitudinal connecting steel beam and the anchor rod, and the support performance of the space combined support system is stable; by arranging the high-efficiency waterproof and drainage structure layer, the underground water permeated into the supporting structure is conveniently drained out of the tunnel, so that the safety of the tunnel structure can be prevented from being endangered due to leakage of the tunnel; the space combined supporting system structure formed by the steel arch, the reinforcing mesh, the longitudinal connecting steel beams and the anchor rods is conveniently sealed by pouring the secondary lining concrete layer and the inverted arch concrete layer, so that the supporting performance of the space combined supporting system structure is conveniently ensured; through the space joint support structure composed of the steel arch, the steel bar mesh, the longitudinal connecting steel beam and the anchor rods, the deformation of the tunnel structure and surrounding rock can be effectively controlled, the good waterproof and drainage performance is achieved, and the stability and construction safety of the tunnel structure are guaranteed.
The invention is further provided with: the mesh size of the reinforcing mesh is 25cm.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through the reinforcing bar net that net size is 25cm, be convenient for make the line contact between steel bow member and the interior country rock of tunnel change into the face contact.
The invention is further provided with: the distance between the steel arches is 50-70cm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the stress of each steel arch is balanced conveniently by the distance between the steel arches being 50-70cm, so that the supporting performance of the steel arches is stable.
The invention is further provided with: the longitudinal connecting steel beams are of a space lattice structure; the longitudinal connecting steel beam comprises an upper web, a side edge plate connected with the upper web and a lower web connected with the side edge plate; the upper web plate and the lower web plate are provided with reserved holes for anchor rod construction; and bolt holes are formed in the two end parts of the upper web plate.
By adopting the technical scheme, the connection and fixation between the anchor rod and the longitudinal connection steel beam are facilitated through the reserved holes; through the bolt hole, be convenient for connect fixedly between vertical connection girder steel and the steel bow member through the bolt.
The invention is further provided with: the length of the anchor rod is 3.0-3.5m; the interval between the anchor rods which are arranged in a staggered way is not more than 1.2m.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through the stock that length is 3-3.5m, and the interval between the stock of staggered arrangement is not more than 1.2m, is convenient for increase the contact degree of vertical connection girder steel and country rock, can also strengthen the wholeness between vertical connection girder steel, steel bow member, reinforcing bar net and the tunnel country rock simultaneously to reinforcing joint supporting effect.
The invention is further provided with: the anchor rod positioned at the tunnel water-rich weak surrounding rock section is provided with a multipoint displacement meter for detecting displacement change in the surrounding rock.
By adopting the technical scheme, the change condition of the displacement in the surrounding rock body of the tunnel is conveniently monitored through the multipoint displacement meter, so that the loosening range of the surrounding rock is conveniently evaluated, and a basis is provided for the improvement of the anchor bolt support parameters of subsequent similar surrounding rock sections.
The invention is further provided with: the surface of the waterproof and drainage structure layer is provided with a plurality of convex structures and criss-cross diversion trenches; the bottom of the waterproof and drainage structure layer is connected with drainage pipes positioned at two ends of the bottom of the tunnel.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through be equipped with a plurality of convex structures and criss-cross guiding gutter on waterproof drainage structure layer surface for the tunnel has good waterproof and drainage performance, thereby can prevent that the tunnel from taking place the seepage to endanger the safety of tunnel inner structure.
A supporting method of a space combined supporting structure of a water-rich broken stratum tunnel comprises the following steps:
1) The primary layer flexible support is applied, namely concrete with the thickness of 3 cm to 5cm for sealing surrounding rock is sprayed on the inner wall of the tunnel;
2) Paving reinforcing steel bar meshes, erecting steel arches, paving the reinforcing steel bar meshes with the mesh size of 25cm on the surface of the concrete in the step 1), and erecting a plurality of steel arches in contact with the surface of the reinforcing steel bar meshes according to the interval of 50-70cm;
3) Applying a two-layer rigid supporting structure, circumferentially arranging longitudinal connecting steel beams which are distributed along the axis of the tunnel in a staggered manner between every two steel arches according to the designed interval, and preliminarily connecting and fixing the overlapping parts of the longitudinal connecting steel beams and the steel supporting parts of the steel arches through bolts;
4) And (3) anchor rods are applied, the anchor rods are applied to the longitudinal connecting steel beams in a staggered mode, the anchor sections of the anchor rods penetrate into surrounding rocks in the tunnel, the length of the anchor rods is 3.0-3.5m, and the distance between the anchor rods is not more than 1.2m. Meanwhile, a multipoint displacement meter can be arranged on an anchor rod of a typical section of a tunnel water-rich broken stratum so as to detect the change condition of displacement in surrounding rock, evaluate the loosening range of the surrounding rock and provide a basis for perfecting anchor rod supporting parameters in subsequent construction similar to the surrounding rock section;
5) Spraying steel fiber concrete to form a stable space combined supporting system among the steel arch, the longitudinal connecting steel beam, the anchor rods and the reinforcing steel bar net, so that the rigidity and the bearing capacity of the space combined supporting system are improved, and the thickness of the sprayed steel fiber concrete is not less than 20-25cm;
6) Paving a water-proof and drainage structure layer used for draining the groundwater permeated into the primary layer support to drainage side ditches at two sides of the tunnel on the surface of the steel fiber concrete in the step 5);
7) And (3) performing secondary lining, pouring secondary lining concrete on the surface of the waterproof and drainage structure layer in the step (6), and pouring an inverted arch to form a closed supporting structure.
By adopting the technical scheme, in the process of performing the spatial joint support structure on the water-rich broken stratum tunnel, the primary flexible support is performed in the step 1), so that surrounding rock is conveniently sealed, the surrounding rock is prevented from being deteriorated, and the subsequent performing and performing process is conveniently and smoothly performed; the contact degree between the steel bar mesh and the steel arch and between the steel bar mesh and surrounding rocks in the tunnel can be increased conveniently through the steel bar mesh paved in the step 2) and the erected steel arch, so that the line contact between the steel arch and the surrounding rocks in the tunnel is changed into the surface contact; the steel arch is connected into a whole by the two-layer rigid supporting structure manufactured in the step 3) through the longitudinal connecting steel beams, so that the stress supporting points of the steel arch are greatly increased, and the bearing capacity of the steel arch can be obviously improved; the anchor rod manufactured in the step 4) is convenient to increase the contact degree of the longitudinal connection steel beam and the tunnel surrounding rock, so that the integrity of the longitudinal connection steel beam, the steel arch, the reinforcing steel bar net and the tunnel surrounding rock is enhanced, and the combined supporting effect is enhanced; the change condition of the displacement in the surrounding rock of the tunnel can be detected through the multipoint displacement meter in the step 4), so that the loose range of the surrounding rock is evaluated, and the foundation is conveniently provided for the improvement of the anchor bolt support parameters in the subsequent construction similar to the surrounding rock section; the secondary distribution of the surrounding rock pressure in the tunnel can be carried out through the steel fiber concrete sprayed in the step 5), and the surrounding rock pressure in the tunnel is uniformly distributed to a space combined support system formed by a steel arch, a reinforcing mesh, a longitudinal connecting steel beam and an anchor rod, so that the support performance of the space combined support system is stable; through the waterproof and drainage structure layer paved in the step 6), the tunnel has good waterproof performance, and underground water penetrating into the supporting structure can be quickly drained out of the tunnel; the space combined support system structure formed by the steel arch, the reinforcing mesh, the longitudinal connecting steel beams and the anchor rods is sealed by pouring the concrete with the second lining and the inverted arch in the step 7), so that the support performance of the space combined support system structure is guaranteed; by the supporting method of the spatial joint supporting structure of the water-rich broken stratum tunnel, spatial joint effects of points, lines and surfaces of the supporting structure can be fully exerted, rigidity and bearing capacity of a supporting system are greatly improved, broken surrounding rock deformation is effectively controlled, good waterproof and drainage performance is achieved, leakage of the tunnel is prevented, and stability and construction safety of the structure in the tunnel are guaranteed; meanwhile, the construction efficiency is high, and the applicability is good.
The invention is further provided with: the longitudinal connecting steel beams in the step 3) are of a space lattice structure; the longitudinal connecting steel beam comprises an upper web plate, a lower web plate and a side edge plate, wherein reserved holes for anchor rod construction are reserved in the upper web plate and the lower web plate; bolt holes are reserved on two sides of the upper web close to the steel arch.
By adopting the technical scheme, the subsequent anchor rod is conveniently applied through the reserved holes, so that the operation of connecting and fixing the anchor rod and the longitudinal connecting steel beam is facilitated; through the bolt hole, be convenient for in the work progress, connect the operation of fixing between girder steel and the steel bow member with vertical connection through the bolt.
The invention is further provided with: the surface of the water-proof and drainage structure layer in the step 6) is provided with convex structures and criss-cross diversion trenches.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, a plurality of convex structures and criss-cross guiding gutter that set up can be with the groundwater discharge tunnel in the infiltration supporting construction fast to can prevent that tunnel emergence seepage from endangering tunnel structure safety.
In summary, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the surrounding rock in the tunnel is conveniently sealed through the primary concrete layer, so that the surrounding rock is prevented from being deteriorated; the combined supporting structure is conveniently formed in the tunnel through the reinforcing mesh and the steel arch, so that the contact degree between the reinforcing mesh and the steel arch and surrounding rock in the tunnel is conveniently increased, and the stress performance of the reinforcing mesh and the steel arch is better; meanwhile, the line contact between the steel arch and the surrounding rock in the tunnel can be changed into the surface contact; the steel beam is longitudinally connected, so that a supporting structure which is integrated with the supporting part of the steel arch is formed; meanwhile, the longitudinal connection steel beam connected with the steel arch is convenient for greatly increasing stress supporting points of the steel arch, so that the bearing capacity of the steel arch can be obviously improved, and a two-layer rigid supporting structure is formed; the contact degree of the longitudinal connection steel beam and surrounding rock in the tunnel is increased conveniently through the anchor rod; meanwhile, the integrity between the longitudinal connection steel beam, the steel arch, the reinforcing mesh and the surrounding rock in the tunnel can be enhanced through the anchor rod, so that the combined supporting effect is enhanced; the steel fiber concrete layer is convenient for forming a space combined supporting system with high stability, rigidity and bearing capacity among the steel arch, the longitudinal connecting steel beam, the anchor rods and the reinforcing steel bar net; meanwhile, the surrounding rock pressure in the tunnel can be secondarily distributed through the steel fiber concrete layer, so that the pressure is uniformly distributed to a space combined support system formed by the steel arch, the reinforcing mesh, the longitudinal connecting steel beam and the anchor rod, and the support performance of the space combined support system is stable; through the waterproof and drainage structure layer, the underground water permeated into the supporting structure can be conveniently and rapidly drained out of the tunnel, so that the safety of the tunnel structure can be prevented from being endangered due to leakage of the tunnel; the space combined support system structure formed by the steel arch, the reinforcing mesh, the longitudinal connecting steel beams and the anchor rods is conveniently sealed through the second lining and the inverted arch concrete layer, so that the support performance of the space combined support system structure is conveniently ensured; through the space joint supporting structure composed of the steel arch, the steel bar mesh, the longitudinal connecting steel beam and the anchor rods, the tunnel structure and surrounding rock deformation can be effectively controlled, the tunnel structure has good waterproof and drainage performance, and the tunnel structure is stable and construction safety is guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a joint support structure according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the water-repellent structure layer in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of a water-repellent structure layer in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of a longitudinally connected steel girder in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of the upper web in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a construction flow chart in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a primary layer of concrete; 2. a reinforcing mesh; 3. a steel arch; 4. longitudinally connecting the steel beams; 5. a bolt; 6. a steel fiber concrete layer; 7. a water-repellent structural layer; 8. a second lining concrete layer; 9. an upper web; 10. a lower web; 11. a side edge plate; 12. a preformed hole; 13. bolt holes; 14. a multi-point displacement meter; 15. a convex structure; 16. a diversion trench; 17. and (5) a water drain pipe.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1-7.
Example 1: the utility model provides a space joint support structure of rich water broken stratum tunnel, is shown as fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5 and fig. 6, includes the initial layer concrete layer 1 that sprays on the interior country rock surface of tunnel thickness is 3-5cm, lays in the reinforcing bar net 2 and a plurality of steel bow member 3 that set up at the interval on initial layer concrete layer 1 surface, and steel bow member 3 touches with reinforcing bar net 2 surface and connects. And longitudinal connecting steel beams 4 are circumferentially arranged between the steel arches 3 and 3, and the longitudinal connecting steel beams 4 are staggered along the axis of the tunnel. The longitudinal connecting steel girder 4 is connected with an anchor rod 5 with an anchor section positioned inside the surrounding rock of the tunnel. The steel fiber concrete layer 6 covering the steel arch 3, the steel reinforcement net 2 and the longitudinal connecting steel beam 4 is sprayed on the surface of the steel reinforcement net 2, and the thickness of the steel fiber concrete layer 6 is 20-25cm. The surface of the steel fiber concrete is paved with a waterproof and drainage structure layer 7. The surface of the waterproof and drainage structure layer 7 is poured with a secondary lining concrete layer 8.
In this embodiment, when the water-rich broken stratum of the tunnel is constructed, the surrounding rock in the tunnel is conveniently sealed through the primary concrete layer 1, so that the primary flexible support is conveniently formed for the tunnel, and the surrounding rock is prevented from deteriorating. Through reinforcing bar net 2 and steel bow member 3, be convenient for form the joint support structure in the tunnel to the contact degree between reinforcing bar net 2 and steel bow member 3 and the interior country rock of tunnel is convenient for increase, thereby makes the atress performance of reinforcing bar net 2 and steel bow member 3 better. At the same time, the line contact between the steel arch 3 and the surrounding rock in the tunnel can be converted into a surface contact. By connecting the steel beams 4 longitudinally, a supporting structure integral with the supporting portion of the steel arch 3 is facilitated. Simultaneously, through the longitudinal connection girder steel 4 of being connected with steel bow member 3, the atress strong point greatly increased of steel bow member 3 of being convenient for to can show the bearing capacity who promotes steel bow member 3, form the rigid support structure of two-layer. Through stock 5, be convenient for increase the contact degree of vertical connection girder steel 4 and interior country rock of tunnel. Meanwhile, through the anchor rods 5, the integrity among the longitudinal connection steel beams 4, the steel arch 3, the reinforcing mesh 2 and the surrounding rock in the tunnel can be enhanced, so that the combined supporting effect is enhanced. The steel arch 3, the longitudinal connecting steel beam 4, the anchor rods 5 and the reinforcing steel bar net 2 are conveniently formed into a space combined support system with high stability, rigidity and bearing capacity through the steel fiber concrete layer 6. Meanwhile, the surrounding rock pressure in the tunnel can be secondarily distributed through the steel fiber concrete layer 6, so that the pressure is uniformly distributed to the space combined support system formed by the steel arch 3, the reinforcing mesh 2, the longitudinal connecting steel beam 4 and the anchor rods 5, and the support performance of the space combined support system is stable. Through waterproof and drainage structure layer 7, be convenient for with infiltration underground water in the supporting construction discharge tunnel fast to can prevent endangering tunnel structure safety because of the tunnel takes place the seepage. The space combined support system structure formed by the steel arch 3, the reinforcing mesh 2, the longitudinal connecting steel beams 4 and the anchor rods 5 is conveniently sealed through the two linings and the inverted arch concrete layer 8, so that the support performance of the space combined support system structure is conveniently ensured. Through the space joint supporting structure formed by the steel arch 3, the reinforcing mesh 2, the longitudinal connecting steel beam 4 and the anchor rods 5, the deformation of the tunnel structure and surrounding rock can be effectively controlled, the infiltrated underground water can be rapidly discharged, and the stability and construction safety of the tunnel structure are ensured.
The mesh size of the reinforcing mesh 2 is 25cm.
In this embodiment, the wire contact between the steel arch 3 and the surrounding rock in the tunnel is facilitated to be converted into a surface contact by the reinforcing mesh 2 having a mesh size of 25cm.
The distance between the steel arches 3 is 50-70cm.
In this embodiment, the distance between the steel arches 3 is 50-70cm, so that the stress of each steel arch 3 is balanced, and the supporting performance of the steel arch 3 is stable.
The longitudinal connecting steel beams 4 are of a space lattice structure. The longitudinal connecting steel girder 4 comprises an upper web 9, a side panel 11 connected to the upper web 9 and a lower web 10 connected to the side panel 11. The upper web 9 and the lower web 10 are provided with a preformed hole 12 for the anchor rod 5 to be applied. The upper web 9 is provided with bolt holes 13 at both ends.
In this embodiment, the connection and fixation between the anchor rod 5 and the longitudinal connection steel beam 4 are facilitated by the preformed hole 12. Through bolt hole 13, be convenient for connect fixedly between vertical connection girder steel 4 and steel bow member 3 through the bolt.
The length of the anchor rod 5 is 3.0-3.5m. The spacing between the staggered anchors 5 is not more than 1.2m.
In this embodiment, the pass length is 3.0-3.5m. The distance between the anchor rods 5 which are arranged in a staggered mode is not more than 1.2m, so that the contact degree between the longitudinal connection steel beams 4 and surrounding rocks is increased, and the integrity between the longitudinal connection steel beams 4, the steel arch 3, the reinforcing steel bar meshes 2 and the surrounding rocks of the tunnel can be enhanced, so that the combined supporting effect is enhanced.
The anchor rod 5 positioned at the tunnel water-rich weak surrounding rock section is provided with a multipoint displacement meter 14 for detecting displacement changes in the surrounding rock.
In this embodiment, the multipoint displacement meter 14 is convenient to monitor the change condition of the displacement in the surrounding rock body of the tunnel, so that the loosening range of the surrounding rock is convenient to evaluate, and a basis is provided for the improvement of the supporting parameters of the anchor rod 14 of the subsequent similar surrounding rock section.
The surface of the waterproof and drainage structure layer 7 is provided with a plurality of convex structures 15 and criss-cross diversion trenches 16. The bottom end of the waterproof and drainage structure layer 7 is connected with a drainage pipe 17 positioned at two ends of the bottom of the tunnel.
In this embodiment, the surface of the waterproof and drainage structure layer 7 is provided with a plurality of convex structures 15 and criss-cross diversion trenches 16, so that the tunnel has good waterproof and drainage performances, and the tunnel can be prevented from leaking to endanger the safety of the internal structure of the tunnel.
Example 2: a supporting method of a spatial joint supporting structure of a water-rich broken stratum tunnel is shown in fig. 7, and comprises the following steps:
1) And (3) performing primary layer flexible support, namely spraying concrete with the thickness of 3-5cm for sealing surrounding rock on the inner wall of the tunnel.
2) And (3) paving the steel reinforcement meshes 2, erecting the steel arches 3, paving the steel reinforcement meshes 2 with the mesh size of 25cm on the concrete surface in the step (1), and erecting a plurality of steel arches 3 in contact with the surface of the steel reinforcement meshes 2 according to the interval of 50-70cm.
3) And (3) constructing a two-layer rigid supporting structure, circumferentially arranging longitudinal connecting steel beams 4 which are distributed along the axis of the tunnel in a staggered manner according to the designed interval between every two steel arches 3, and then preliminarily connecting and fixing the overlapping parts of the longitudinal connecting steel beams 4 and the steel supporting parts of the steel arches 3 through bolts.
4) The anchor rods 5 are arranged, the anchor rods 5 which are distributed in a staggered mode are arranged on the longitudinal connecting steel beams 4, the anchor sections of the anchor rods 5 penetrate into surrounding rocks in a tunnel, the length of the anchor rods 5 is 3.0-3.5m, and the interval between the anchor rods 5 is not more than 1.2m. Meanwhile, a multipoint displacement meter 14 is arranged on the anchor rod 5 of a typical section of the tunnel water-rich broken stratum so as to detect the change condition of displacement in the surrounding rock, evaluate the loosening range of the surrounding rock and provide a basis for the perfection of the support parameters of the anchor rod 5 in the subsequent construction of similar surrounding rock sections.
5) And spraying steel fiber concrete to form a stable space combined support system among the steel arch 3, the longitudinal connecting steel beam 4, the anchor rods 5 and the reinforcing steel bar net 2, so that the rigidity and the bearing capacity of the space combined support system are improved, and the thickness of the sprayed steel fiber concrete is not less than 20-25cm.
6) And (3) paving a water-proof and drainage structure layer 7 for draining the groundwater permeated into the primary layer support to drainage ditches at two sides of the tunnel on the surface of the steel fiber concrete in the step 5).
7) And (3) performing secondary lining, pouring secondary lining concrete on the surface of the drainage-preventing structural layer 7 in the step (6), and pouring an inverted arch to form a closed supporting structure.
In this embodiment, the anchor rod 5 applied in step 4) is a full length mortar or hollow grouting anchor rod 5. In the process of performing the spatial joint support structure on the water-rich broken stratum tunnel, the primary layer flexible support is performed in the step 1), so that surrounding rock is conveniently sealed, surrounding rock is prevented from being deteriorated, and the subsequent performing process is conveniently and smoothly performed. The contact degree between the steel reinforcement mesh 2 and the steel arch 3 and between the steel reinforcement mesh 2 and the surrounding rock in the tunnel are increased conveniently through the steel reinforcement mesh 2 paved in the step 2) and the erected steel arch 3, so that the line contact between the steel arch 3 and the surrounding rock in the tunnel is changed into the surface contact. Through the two-layer rigid supporting structure manufactured in the step 3), the longitudinal connecting steel beams 4 are used for connecting the steel arches 3 into a whole, so that the stress supporting points of the steel arches 3 are greatly increased, and the bearing capacity of the steel arches 3 can be obviously improved. The anchor rod 5 manufactured in the step 4) is convenient to increase the contact degree of the longitudinal connection steel beam 4 and the tunnel surrounding rock, so that the integrity of the longitudinal connection steel beam 4, the steel arch 3, the reinforcing mesh 2 and the tunnel surrounding rock is enhanced, and the combined supporting effect is enhanced. The change condition of the displacement in the surrounding rock body of the tunnel can be detected through the multipoint displacement meter 14 in the step 4), so that the loose range of the surrounding rock is evaluated, and the foundation is conveniently provided for the improvement of the support parameters of the anchor rod 5 in the subsequent construction similar to the surrounding rock section. The secondary distribution of the surrounding rock pressure in the tunnel can be carried out through the steel fiber concrete sprayed in the step 5), and the surrounding rock pressure in the tunnel is uniformly distributed to the space combined support system formed by the steel arch 3, the reinforcing mesh 2, the longitudinal connecting steel beam 4 and the anchor rods 5, so that the support performance of the space combined support system is stable. Through the waterproof and drainage structure layer 7 paved in the step 6), the tunnel has good waterproof performance, and the groundwater permeated into the supporting structure can be quickly drained out of the tunnel. And (3) pouring the secondary lining and inverted arch concrete in the step (7), and sealing the space combined support system structure formed by the steel arch 3, the reinforcing mesh 2, the longitudinal connecting steel beam 4 and the anchor rods 5, so that the support performance of the space combined support system structure is guaranteed. By the supporting method of the spatial joint supporting structure of the water-rich broken stratum tunnel, spatial joint effects of supporting structure points, lines and surfaces can be fully exerted, rigidity and bearing capacity of a supporting system are greatly increased, broken surrounding rock deformation is effectively controlled, good waterproof and drainage performance is achieved, leakage of the tunnel is prevented, and stability and construction safety of the structure in the tunnel are guaranteed. Meanwhile, the construction efficiency is high, and the applicability is good.
The longitudinal connecting steel beams 4 in the step 3) are of a space lattice structure. The longitudinal connecting steel beam 4 comprises an upper web 9, a lower web 10 and a side edge plate 11, wherein reserved holes 12 for the anchor rods 5 to be applied are reserved in the upper web 9 and the lower web 10. Bolt holes 13 are reserved on two sides of the upper web 9, which are close to the steel arch 3.
In this embodiment, the preformed hole 12 facilitates the subsequent construction of the anchor rod 5, thereby facilitating the operation of connecting and fixing the anchor rod 5 and the longitudinal connecting steel beam 4. Through bolt hole 13, be convenient for in the work progress, through the operation of connecting fixedly between vertical connection girder steel 4 and steel bow member 3 with the bolt.
The surface of the water-proof and drainage structure layer 7 in the step 6) is provided with convex structures 15 and criss-cross diversion trenches 16.
In this embodiment, a plurality of convex structures 15 and criss-cross diversion trenches 16 are facilitated, and groundwater permeated into the supporting structure can be efficiently and rapidly discharged out of the tunnel, so that leakage of the tunnel can be prevented from endangering the safety of the tunnel structure.
Working principle: when the supporting procedure is carried out on the water-rich broken stratum of the tunnel, the surrounding rock in the tunnel is conveniently sealed through the primary concrete layer 1, so that primary flexible supporting is conveniently formed on the tunnel, and the surrounding rock is prevented from deteriorating. Through reinforcing bar net 2 and steel bow member 3, be convenient for form the joint support structure in the tunnel to the contact degree between reinforcing bar net 2 and steel bow member 3 and the interior country rock of tunnel is convenient for increase, thereby makes the atress performance of reinforcing bar net 2 and steel bow member 3 better. At the same time, the line contact between the steel arch 3 and the surrounding rock in the tunnel can be converted into a surface contact. By connecting the steel beams 4 longitudinally, a supporting structure integral with the supporting portion of the steel arch 3 is facilitated. Simultaneously, through the longitudinal connection girder steel 4 of being connected with steel bow member 3, the atress strong point greatly increased of steel bow member 3 of being convenient for to can show the bearing capacity who promotes steel bow member 3, form the rigid support structure of two-layer. Through stock 5, be convenient for increase the contact degree of vertical connection girder steel 4 and interior country rock of tunnel. Meanwhile, through the anchor rods 5, the integrity among the longitudinal connection steel beams 4, the steel arch 3, the reinforcing mesh 2 and the surrounding rock in the tunnel can be enhanced, so that the combined supporting effect is enhanced. The steel arch 3, the longitudinal connecting steel beam 4, the anchor rods 5 and the reinforcing steel bar net 2 are conveniently formed into a space combined support system with high stability, rigidity and bearing capacity through the steel fiber concrete layer 6. Meanwhile, the surrounding rock pressure in the tunnel can be secondarily distributed through the steel fiber concrete layer 6, so that the pressure is uniformly distributed to the space combined support system formed by the steel arch 3, the reinforcing mesh 2, the longitudinal connecting steel beam 4 and the anchor rods 5, and the support performance of the space combined support system is stable. Through waterproof and drainage structure layer 7, be convenient for with infiltration underground water in the supporting construction discharge tunnel fast to can prevent endangering tunnel structure safety because of the tunnel takes place the seepage. The space combined support system structure formed by the steel arch 3, the reinforcing mesh 2, the longitudinal connecting steel beams 4 and the anchor rods 5 is conveniently sealed through the two linings and the inverted arch concrete layer 8, so that the support performance of the space combined support system structure is conveniently ensured. Through the space joint supporting structure formed by the steel arch 3, the reinforcing mesh 2, the longitudinal connecting steel beam 4 and the anchor rods 5, the deformation of surrounding rock in the tunnel can be effectively controlled, the waterproof and drainage performance is good, and the stability of the tunnel structure and the construction safety are ensured.
The present embodiment is only for explanation of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and modifications to the present embodiment, which may not creatively contribute to the present invention as required by those skilled in the art after reading the present specification, are all protected by patent laws within the scope of claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A space joint supporting structure of a water-rich broken stratum tunnel is characterized in that: the method comprises a primary concrete layer (1) with the thickness of 3-5cm sprayed on the surface of surrounding rock in a tunnel, a reinforcing steel bar net (2) paved on the surface of the primary concrete layer (1) and a plurality of steel arches (3) arranged at intervals, wherein the steel arches (3) are in contact with the surface of the reinforcing steel bar net (2); a longitudinal connecting steel beam (4) is arranged between the steel arch (3) and the steel arch (3) in an annular direction, and the longitudinal connecting steel beams (4) are arranged in a staggered manner along the axis of the tunnel; the longitudinal connecting steel beam (4) is connected with an anchor rod (5) with an anchoring section positioned in the surrounding rock of the tunnel; the steel reinforcement mesh (2) is sprayed with a steel fiber concrete layer (6) covering the steel arch (3), the steel reinforcement mesh (2) and the longitudinal connecting steel beam (4), and the thickness of the steel fiber concrete layer (6) is 20-25cm; a water-proof and drainage structure layer (7) is paved on the surface of the steel fiber concrete; a secondary lining concrete layer (8) is poured on the surface of the waterproof and drainage structure layer (7);
the grid size of the reinforcing mesh (2) is 25cm;
the distance between the steel arches (3) is 50-70cm;
the longitudinal connecting steel beams (4) are of a space lattice structure; the longitudinal connecting steel beam (4) comprises an upper web (9), a side edge plate (11) connected with the upper web (9) and a lower web (10) connected with the side edge plate (11); the upper web plate (9) and the lower web plate (10) are provided with reserved holes (12) for the anchor rod (5) to be applied; the two ends of the upper web plate (9) are provided with bolt holes (13).
2. The spatial joint support structure of a water-rich broken stratum tunnel according to claim 1, wherein: the length of the anchor rod (5) is 3.0-3.5m; the interval between the anchor rods (5) which are arranged in a staggered way is not more than 1.2m.
3. The spatial joint support structure of a water-rich broken stratum tunnel according to claim 1, wherein: the anchor rod positioned at the tunnel water-rich weak surrounding rock section is provided with a multipoint displacement meter for detecting displacement change in the surrounding rock.
4. The spatial joint support structure of a water-rich broken stratum tunnel according to claim 1, wherein: the surface of the waterproof and drainage structure layer (7) is provided with a plurality of convex structures (15) and criss-cross diversion trenches (16); the bottom end of the waterproof and drainage structure layer (7) is connected with drainage pipes (17) positioned at two ends of the bottom of the tunnel.
5. A supporting method of a space combined supporting structure of a water-rich broken stratum tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) The primary layer flexible support is applied, namely concrete with the thickness of 3 cm to 5cm for sealing surrounding rock is sprayed on the inner wall of the tunnel;
2) Paving reinforcing steel bar meshes (2), erecting steel arches (3), paving the reinforcing steel bar meshes (2) with the mesh size of 25cm on the surface of the concrete in the step 1), and erecting a plurality of steel arches (3) contacted with the surface of the reinforcing steel bar meshes (2) according to the interval of 50-70cm;
3) A two-layer rigid supporting structure is applied, longitudinal connecting steel beams (4) which are distributed along the axis of the tunnel in a staggered manner are circumferentially arranged between every two steel arches (3) according to the designed interval, and then the overlapping parts of the longitudinal connecting steel beams (4) and the steel supporting parts of the steel arches (3) are preliminarily connected and fixed through bolts;
4) The anchor rods (5) are arranged, the anchor rods (5) which are distributed in a staggered manner are arranged on the longitudinal connecting steel beams (4), the anchoring sections of the anchor rods (5) penetrate into surrounding rocks in a tunnel, the length of the anchor rods (5) is 3.0-3.5m, the distance between the anchor rods (5) is not more than 1.2m, and meanwhile, a multipoint displacement meter (14) can be arranged on the anchor rods (5) of a typical section of a tunnel water-rich broken stratum so as to detect the change condition of displacement in the surrounding rocks, evaluate the loosening range of the surrounding rocks and provide a basis for the improvement of supporting parameters of the anchor rods (5) in the subsequent construction of similar surrounding rock sections;
5) Spraying steel fiber concrete to form a stable space combined support system among the steel arch (3), the longitudinal connecting steel beam (4), the anchor rods (5) and the reinforcing steel bar net (2), so that the rigidity and the bearing capacity of the space combined support system are improved, and the thickness of the sprayed steel fiber concrete is not less than 20-25cm;
6) A water-proof and drainage structure layer (7) for draining the groundwater permeated into the primary layer support to drainage side ditches at two sides of the tunnel is paved on the surface of the steel fiber concrete in the step 5);
7) And (3) performing secondary lining, pouring secondary lining concrete on the surface of the waterproof and drainage structure layer (7) in the step (6), and pouring an inverted arch to form a closed supporting structure.
6. The method for supporting the spatial joint supporting structure of the water-rich broken stratum tunnel according to claim 5, which is characterized in that: the longitudinal connecting steel beams (4) in the step 3) are of a space lattice structure; the longitudinal connecting steel beam (4) comprises an upper web plate (9), a lower web plate (10) and a side edge plate (11), wherein reserved holes (12) for the anchor rod (5) to be applied are reserved in the upper web plate (9) and the lower web plate (10); bolt holes (13) are reserved on two sides, close to the steel arch (3), of the upper web plate (9).
7. The method for supporting the spatial joint supporting structure of the water-rich broken stratum tunnel according to claim 5, which is characterized in that: the surface of the waterproof and drainage structure layer (7) in the step 6) is provided with convex structures (15) and criss-cross diversion trenches (16).
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| CN110617084B (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2021-10-08 | 中铁隧道局集团有限公司 | Method for reinforcing tunnel by spraying steel fiber concrete on tunnel net |
| CN111456767A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-07-28 | 中国建筑股份有限公司 | Subsection-integrated cast tunnel steel arch structure and supporting method thereof |
| CN111005741B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-04-06 | 盾构及掘进技术国家重点实验室 | Support device and method for tunnel waist part of broken stratum |
| CN111188648A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-05-22 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Tunnel water-proof and drainage system and construction method thereof |
| CN114075989B (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2024-03-26 | 李信斌 | Supporting equipment |
| CN112081607B (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2023-01-31 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Tunnel primary support and waterproof and drainage combined system and construction method |
| CN113090310A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-07-09 | 中南大学 | Multidirectional supporting system for tunnel |
| CN113565527B (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2022-01-04 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Tunnel protection structure suitable for activity rupture zone and high ground stress district |
| CN115075844A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-09-20 | 北京市市政四建设工程有限责任公司 | Underground excavation hole-entering supporting structure and supporting method thereof |
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