CN110090845B - Method for converting red mud into soil by using pyrite cinder - Google Patents
Method for converting red mud into soil by using pyrite cinder Download PDFInfo
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- CN110090845B CN110090845B CN201910191332.5A CN201910191332A CN110090845B CN 110090845 B CN110090845 B CN 110090845B CN 201910191332 A CN201910191332 A CN 201910191332A CN 110090845 B CN110090845 B CN 110090845B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 23
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000003826 Eichhornia crassipes Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000207740 Lemna minor Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000006439 Lemna minor Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000001855 Portulaca oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000000233 Melia azedarach Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001440840 Mikania micrantha Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000878006 Miscanthus sinensis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000124033 Salix Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000736285 Sphagnum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000300264 Spinacia oleracea Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009337 Spinacia oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004181 pedogenesis Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000008436 Ipomoea aquatica Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000019004 Ipomoea aquatica Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000026873 Alternanthera philoxeroides Species 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 238000004131 Bayer process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000146553 Ceiba pentandra Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003301 Ceiba pentandra Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004129 EU approved improving agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013494 PH determination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- AZFNGPAYDKGCRB-XCPIVNJJSA-M [(1s,2s)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethyl]-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylazanide;chlororuthenium(1+);1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound [Ru+]Cl.CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1.C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)[N-][C@@H](C=1C=CC=CC=1)[C@@H](N)C1=CC=CC=C1 AZFNGPAYDKGCRB-XCPIVNJJSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010289 potassium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004304 potassium nitrite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021646 siderite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/06—Sludge reduction, e.g. by lysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/78—Recycling of wood or furniture waste
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for converting red mud into soil by using pyrite cinder, which is characterized in that red mud to be treated and biomass are uniformly mixed to obtain a red mud mixture, and the red mud mixture is laid on a bottom layer; paving a water-retaining material above the red mud mixture; a neutralization material is laid above the water retention material, the neutralization material is a mixture of pyrite cinder and an oxidant, and geotextile is laid between the water retention material and the neutralization material; periodically spraying the neutralization material; when the pH value of the red mud mixture at the bottom layer is 6-9, removing the neutralization material layer, and uniformly mixing the treated red mud mixture with a water retention material to obtain the soil-treated red mud; the pyrite slag is oxidized in the air to generate sulfur dioxide, and then the sulfur dioxide reacts with water to generate sulfuric acid, so that the dealkalization effect on the red mud is achieved, and meanwhile, the organic matter can also improve the nutrient quality of the red mud, and finally the purpose of the red mud soil formation is achieved; the method has the advantages of simple raw material sampling, low cost, accordance with the national conditions of China, and capability of large-scale soil utilization of the red mud.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mining waste utilization and red mud soil formation, and particularly relates to a method for converting red mud into soil by using pyrite cinder.
Background
Red mud is a massive solid waste produced in the alumina industry, and is called red mud because the red mud generally shows red color due to the iron oxide. The red mud is produced by 1-2 tons every time iron oxide is produced on average, the annual output of red mud in China reaches 3500 million tons as of 2015, the red mud is mainly treated by a stockpiling method at present, the red mud contains a large amount of combined alkali, the pH value of the red mud is generally over 11, the high alkalinity can pollute the soil environment and underground water around a red mud yard, the red mud yard has the risk of dam break, great hidden danger is generated on the life and property safety of people around the red mud yard, and the utilization way of recycling the red mud and realizing the soil is urgently needed from other directions.
The invention of Yangjiahui, Zhengyuanzhi, etc. discloses a method for improving bulk red mud soil and a method for firing ceramsite by using the improved red mud (application number: 201510739879.6); the red mud is modified by humus and humic acid generated after organic matter fermentation, and then the modified red mud is mixed with additives such as shale powder and the like and then is fired into ceramsite, so that the purpose of absorbing the red mud is achieved.
The invention relates to a red mud auxiliary soil remediation fertilizer (application number: 201510733378.7); the fertilizer is prepared by mixing red mud, wheat flour, humus, cottonseed cakes, potassium nitrite, ammonium humate, kapok shells, siderite, limonite, orange peel and a compound microbial agent, and achieves the purposes of increasing soil fertility and promoting crop growth.
The invention of Hanguihong, Huangyan, etc. relates to a method for preparing an artificial soil composition by using Bayer process red mud and the artificial soil composition obtained by the method (application number: 201510228173.3); taking red mud as a raw material, lignite as a modifier and collophanite powder as a regulator, mixing, curing and dehydrating to form an artificial soil composition; generally, the red mud directly produced can be directly treated by the method, and the finally obtained artificial soil composition has good effect of planting alkali-resistant grass.
Korea and Pengzhi, etc. (application No. 201410530478.5); through mixing the electrolytic manganese slag and the red mud, the alkalinity of the red mud is neutralized, the looseness and the water retention capacity are improved by adding perlite, the nutrients of the red mud are improved by adding organic matters, soil loosening agents, microbial agents and the like, and through adjusting the adding proportion of the soil improving agents, various plants can grow on the red mud land.
The invention relates to a method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil by utilizing granulated composite red mud (application number: 201110008347.7), which is characterized in that hydrated red mud materials are made into loose granules by granulation equipment, the loose granules are used for soil restoration and water quantity adjustment, less soil environment is changed violently, meanwhile, the content of ecological heavy metal can be effectively reduced, and the enrichment of the heavy metal in organisms is reduced.
At present, most of the red mud is treated in an additive form, and compared with the huge red mud yield in China every year, the quantity of recovered red mud is very small; the treatment method of part of bulk red mud is generally 'treating waste with waste', one waste is mixed into the red mud to achieve the effect of red mud remediation, but the problem of secondary pollution exists, and the two types of waste are difficult to separate after treatment; therefore, a method which can treat a large amount of red mud and is not easy to generate secondary pollution is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for converting red mud into soil by using pyrite cinder, which utilizes the characteristic that pyrite cinder is oxidized in air, adds pyrolusite powder to increase the oxidation speed, then generates sulfuric acid by using sulfur dioxide and water under the action of pyrolusite, thereby reducing the alkalinity of the red mud, and a water retention material can play a role in retaining water.
The method adopted for solving the problem of the red mud soil formation comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing red mud and biomass (agricultural organic matter) to obtain a red mud mixture, and paving the red mud mixture on the bottom layer of a field (the field can be a laboratory, a factory stock bin or a red mud yard);
the agricultural and forestry organic matters are one or more of water hyacinth, duckweed, swamp spinach, water peanuts, mikania micrantha, pine needle leaves, willow leaves, poplar leaves and miscanthus sinensis in any ratio;
the mixing ratio of the red mud to the biomass is 6-8: 2-4, and the paving thickness of the red mud mixture is 30-50 cm;
(2) uniformly paving a water-retaining material above the red mud mixture;
the water-retaining material is one or more of sawdust, coconut shells, sphagnum and chinaberry bark in any ratio, and the laying thickness of the water-retaining material is 5-10 cm;
(3) a neutralization material is laid above the water retention material, the neutralization material is a mixture of pyrite cinder and an oxidant, and geotextile is laid between the water retention material and the neutralization material;
the paving thickness of the neutralization material is 7-10 cm, the neutralization material layer is provided with 3 layers, the lowest layer is a mixture of 200-400 meshes of pyrite cinder and an oxidant, the middle layer is a mixture of 20-40 meshes of pyrite cinder and an oxidant, and the uppermost layer is a mixture of untreated pyrite cinder and an oxidant; the mass ratio of the pyrite cinder to the oxidant is 5: 0.8-1.2;
(4) periodically spraying the neutralization material layer;
the spraying frequency is once every 2-4 days, and the degree that the neutralization material layer is over-wet and does not seep water is preferably adopted in each spraying;
one or more of decomposed rice washing water and wood vinegar liquid are used in the spraying process; the decomposed rice washing water is prepared by adding apple peel into collected rice washing water, solarizing for 10-20 days in the sun, filtering to remove filter residue, and diluting filtrate with clear water by 10-100 times, wherein 40-60 g of apple peel is added into each liter of rice washing water; the pyroligneous is a clear liquid obtained by dry distillation of bamboo in the process of preparing bamboo charcoal, the pH value of the pyroligneous is 2-4, and the pyroligneous is diluted by 10-100 times with clear water and then used;
(5) and when the pH value of the red mud mixture at the bottom layer is 6-9, removing the neutralization material layer, and uniformly mixing the treated red mud mixture with a water retention material to obtain the soil-treated red mud.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention utilizes the effect of oxidizing pyrite cinder to produce acid, and can reduce the alkalinity of the red mud;
2. according to the invention, agricultural organic matters such as water hyacinth, duckweed, water spinach and water peanuts are used, and during the fermentation process of the organic matters, the generated humic acid can play a role in dealkalizing the red mud and increasing the fertilizer of the red mud. For example, the duckweed can increase the soil loosening degree of the red mud, the water content of the water hyacinth is higher, the water released by later-stage decomposition can increase the water content of the red mud at the later stage, and meanwhile, the organic matter residues also have the water retention effect;
3. the invention utilizes the water retention material, can maximally retain the acidic water containing the sulfuric acid infiltrated by the pyrite powder, and prevent volatilization;
4. according to the invention, the pyrolusite powder and the pyrite cinder are mixed together, and the catalytic performance of manganese is utilized, so that the speed of sulfuric acid generated by the reaction of the pyrite cinder and air and water is increased, and the dealkalization speed of the red mud in the soil formation process is increased;
5. according to the invention, the red mud mixture, the water retention material and the neutralization material are laid layer by layer, so that the normal separation of the red mud and the pyrite slag is ensured, and other pollution is not easy to generate.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
The following example selects 9m2And (4) building an experimental site on the common land.
Example 1: the method for converting the pyrite cinder into the red mud by the soil comprises the following steps:
mixing red mud and water spinach according to the mass ratio of 7:3 to obtain a red mud mixture, paving the red mud mixture on an experimental site, paving the red mud mixture to a thickness of 30cm, paving sawdust above the red mud mixture to serve as a water-retaining material, paving the sawdust to a thickness of 10cm, paving a geotextile above a water-retaining material layer, and paving a mixture (mass ratio of 5: 0.8) of pyrite cinder and pyrolusite powder on an upper layer of the water-retaining material to a thickness of 7 cm; spraying the neutralization material layer with decomposed rice washing water (the decomposed rice washing water is prepared by adding apple peel into collected rice washing water, solarizing for 10 days in the sun, filtering to remove filter residue, diluting filtrate with clear water by 10 times, wherein 50g of apple peel is added into each liter of rice washing water), keeping the red mud mixture layer in an over-wet state and no water seepage, measuring the red mud mixture at the bottom layer after three months, and measuring the pH value of the improved red mud by using a soil pH measuring method (NY/T1121.2-2006) to obtain the pH value of 9; measuring the organic matter content in the improved red mud by using a soil organic matter measuring method (GB 9834-88), wherein the organic matter content of the improved red mud is 2%, finally, lifting the geotextile to bring away the top neutralization material layer, and taking out and mixing the water retention material and the red mud mixture to obtain the soil-treated red mud.
Example 2: the method for converting the pyrite cinder into the red mud by the soil comprises the following steps:
mixing red mud and water hyacinth according to a mass ratio of 7:3, paving the mixture on an experimental site, paving the mixture with a thickness of 35cm, paving saw dust above the red mud mixture as a water-retaining material with a thickness of 8cm, paving a geotextile above a water-retaining material layer, paving a neutralizing material above the water-retaining material, wherein the neutralizing material layer is provided with 3 layers, the lowest layer is a mixture of 200-mesh pyrite cinder and pyrolusite powder, the middle layer is a mixture of 30-mesh pyrite cinder and pyrolusite powder, the uppermost layer is a compound of untreated pyrite cinder and pyrolusite powder, and the mass ratio of the pyrite cinder to the pyrolusite powder is 5: 0.9; alternately spraying decomposed rice washing water (prepared by adding apple peel into collected rice washing water, solarizing in the sun for 15 days, filtering to remove filter residue, diluting filtrate with clear water by 20 times, wherein 60g of apple peel is added into each liter of rice washing water) and pyroligneous liquor (obtained by clarifying bamboo during the bamboo charcoal preparation process, wherein the pyroligneous liquor has a pH of 3, and is diluted with clear water by 30 times), keeping the red mud mixture layer in an over-wet state and free of water seepage, measuring the red mud mixture at the bottom layer after three months, and measuring the pH of the improved red mud by using a soil pH measuring method (NY/T1121.2-2006) to obtain a pH value of 8.2; measuring the organic matter content in the improved red mud by using a soil organic matter measuring method (GB 9834-88), wherein the organic matter content of the improved red mud is 2.3%, finally, lifting the geotextile to bring away the top neutralization material layer, and taking out and mixing the water retention material and the red mud mixture to obtain the soil-treated red mud.
Example 3: the method for converting the pyrite cinder into the red mud by the soil comprises the following steps:
mixing red mud and water hyacinth according to a mass ratio of 6:4 to obtain a red mud mixture, paving the red mud mixture on an experimental site, paving the red mud mixture with a thickness of 50cm, paving coconut shells above the red mud mixture as a water-retaining material with a thickness of 5cm, paving geotextile above a water-retaining material layer, paving a neutralizing material above the water-retaining material, wherein the neutralizing material layer is provided with 3 layers, the lowest layer is a mixture of 300-mesh pyrite cinder and pyrolusite powder, the middle layer is a mixture of 20-mesh pyrite cinder and pyrolusite powder, the uppermost layer is a compound of untreated pyrite cinder and pyrolusite powder, and the mass ratio of the pyrite cinder to the pyrolusite powder is 5: 1.0; alternately spraying a neutralization material layer with decomposed rice washing water (the decomposed rice washing water is prepared by adding apple peel into collected rice washing water, solarizing for 20 days in the sun, filtering to remove filter residues, diluting filtrate clear water by 50 times, wherein 45g of apple peel is added into each liter of rice washing water) and wood vinegar (wood vinegar is clear liquid obtained in the process of preparing bamboo charcoal, the pH value of the wood vinegar is 4, and the wood vinegar clear water is diluted by 50 times) every 2 days, keeping the red mud mixture layer in an over-wet state and free of water seepage, measuring the red mud mixture at the bottom layer after three months, and measuring the pH value of the improved red mud by using a soil pH measuring method (NY/T1121.2-2006) to obtain the pH value of 8; measuring the organic matter content in the improved red mud by using a soil organic matter measuring method (GB 9834-88), wherein the organic matter content of the improved red mud is 2.7%, finally, lifting the geotextile to bring away the top neutralization material layer, and taking out and mixing the water retention material and the red mud mixture to obtain the soil-treated red mud.
Example 4: the method for converting the pyrite cinder into the red mud by the soil comprises the following steps:
mixing red mud and alternanthera philoxeroides according to a mass ratio of 4:1 to obtain a red mud mixture, paving the red mud mixture on an experimental site, paving the red mud mixture to a thickness of 40cm, paving moss above the red mud mixture to serve as a water-retaining material, paving the moisture-retaining material to a thickness of 7cm, padding geotextile above a water-retaining material layer, paving a neutralizing material above the water-retaining material, wherein the neutralizing material layer is provided with 3 layers, the lowest layer is a mixture of 400-mesh pyrite cinder and pyrolusite powder, the middle layer is a mixture of 40-mesh pyrite cinder and pyrolusite powder, the uppermost layer is a compound of untreated pyrite cinder and pyrolusite powder, and the mass ratio of the pyrite cinder to the pyrolusite powder is 5: 1.0; alternately spraying a neutralization material layer with decomposed rice washing water (the decomposed rice washing water is prepared by adding apple peel into collected rice washing water, solarizing for 20 days in the sun, filtering to remove filter residues, diluting filtrate clear water by 80 times, wherein 50g of apple peel is added into each liter of rice washing water) and wood vinegar (wood vinegar is clear liquid obtained in the process of preparing bamboo charcoal, the pH value of the wood vinegar is 4, and the wood vinegar clear water is diluted by 80 times and then used), keeping the red mud mixture layer in an over-wet state and free of water seepage, taking the red mud mixture at the bottom layer after three months for determination, and measuring the pH value of the improved red mud by using a soil pH determination method (NY/T1121.2-2006) to obtain the pH value of 7.6; measuring the organic matter content in the improved red mud by using a soil organic matter measuring method (GB 9834-88), wherein the organic matter content of the improved red mud is 4%, finally, lifting the geotextile to bring away the top neutralization material layer, and taking out and mixing the water retention material and the red mud mixture to obtain the soil-treated red mud.
Example 5: the method for converting the pyrite cinder into the red mud by the soil comprises the following steps:
mixing red mud and water hyacinth according to a mass ratio of 2:1 to obtain a red mud mixture, paving the red mud mixture on an experimental site, paving the red mud mixture with a thickness of 45cm, paving chinaberry bark serving as a water-retaining material above the red mud mixture with a thickness of 8cm, paving geotextile above a water-retaining material layer, paving a neutralizing material above the water-retaining material layer, wherein the neutralizing material layer is provided with 3 layers, the lowest layer is a mixture of 250-mesh pyrite cinder and pyrolusite powder, the middle layer is a mixture of 25-mesh pyrite cinder and pyrolusite powder, the uppermost layer is a compound of untreated pyrite cinder and pyrolusite powder, and the mass ratio of the pyrite cinder to the pyrolusite powder is 5: 1.2; spraying the neutralization material layer with wood vinegar (the wood vinegar is clear liquid obtained by dry distillation of bamboo in the process of preparing bamboo charcoal, the pH of the wood vinegar is 3, the wood vinegar is diluted by clear water by 50 times and then used) every 3 days, keeping the red mud mixture layer in an over-wet state and impermeable of water, measuring the red mud mixture at the bottom layer after three months, and measuring the pH of the improved red mud by using a soil pH measuring method (NY/T1121.2-2006) to obtain the pH value of 7.4; measuring the organic matter content in the improved red mud by using a soil organic matter measuring method (GB 9834-88), wherein the organic matter content of the improved red mud is 4%, finally, lifting the geotextile to bring away the top neutralization material layer, and taking out and mixing the water retention material and the red mud mixture to obtain the soil-treated red mud.
Claims (12)
1. A method for utilizing pyrite cinder to convert red mud into soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing red mud to be treated with biomass to obtain a red mud mixture, and paving the red mud mixture on a bottom layer;
(2) uniformly paving a water retention material above the red mud mixture;
(3) a neutralization material is laid above the water retention material, the neutralization material is a mixture of pyrite cinder and an oxidant, and geotextile is laid between the water retention material and the neutralization material;
(4) periodically spraying the neutralization material;
(5) and when the pH value of the red mud mixture at the bottom layer is 6-9, removing the neutralization material layer, and uniformly mixing the treated red mud mixture with a water retention material to obtain the soil-treated red mud.
2. The method for converting red mud into soil by using pyrite cinder according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the biomass is agricultural and forestry organic matter.
3. The method for converting red mud into soil by using pyrite cinder according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the agricultural and forestry organic matters are one or more of water hyacinth, duckweed, swamp spinach, water peanuts, mikania micrantha, pine needle leaves, willow leaves, poplar leaves and miscanthus sinensis.
4. The method for converting red mud into soil by using pyrite cinder according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mixing ratio of the red mud and the biomass is 6-8: 2-4, and the paving thickness of the red mud mixture is 30-50 cm.
5. The method for converting red mud into soil by using pyrite cinder according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the water-retaining material is one or more of sawdust, coconut shells, sphagnum and chinaberry bark, and the laying thickness of the water-retaining material is 5-10 cm.
6. The method for converting red mud into soil by using pyrite cinder according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the paving thickness of the neutralizing material is 7-10 cm, the neutralizing material layer is provided with 3 layers, the lowest layer is a mixture of 200-400 meshes of pyrite cinder and an oxidant, the middle layer is a mixture of 20-40 meshes of pyrite cinder and an oxidant, and the uppermost layer is a mixture of untreated pyrite cinder and an oxidant.
7. The method for converting red mud into soil by using pyrite cinder according to claim 1 or 6, wherein: the mass ratio of the pyrite cinder to the oxidant is 5: 0.8-1.2.
8. The method for converting red mud into soil by using pyrite cinder according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the oxidant is pyrolusite powder.
9. The method for converting red mud into soil by using pyrite cinder according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the spraying frequency is once for 2-4 days, and the red mud mixture layer is kept in an over-wet state and is not subjected to water seepage after each spraying.
10. The method for converting red mud into soil by using pyrite cinder according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the spraying uses one or more of decomposed rice washing water and wood vinegar liquid.
11. The method for converting red mud into soil by using pyrite cinder according to claim 10, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the decomposed rice washing water is prepared by adding apple peel into collected rice washing water, solarizing for 10-20 days in the sun, filtering to remove filter residue, and diluting filtrate with clear water by 10-100 times, wherein 40-60 g of apple peel is added into each liter of rice washing water.
12. The method for converting red mud into soil by using pyrite cinder according to claim 10, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the wood vinegar is a clear liquid obtained by dry distillation of bamboo in the process of preparing bamboo charcoal, the pH value of the wood vinegar is 2-4, and the wood vinegar is diluted by clear water by 10-100 times and then used.
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| CN110484270B (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2021-10-29 | 广东佳德环保科技有限公司 | Soil remediation agent, soil remediation material and preparation method |
| CN110819798A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-02-21 | 昆明理工大学 | Red mud and sulfide mineral co-processing and resource utilization method |
| CN110918600B (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2021-06-04 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for rapid biochemical dealkalization and soil formation of red mud |
| CN113262422A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-08-17 | 西南交通大学 | Combined dealkalizing agent and method for combined dealkalized red mud |
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