CN110090467A - A kind of vacuum sublimation evaporation is cold and hot can separation method and device - Google Patents
A kind of vacuum sublimation evaporation is cold and hot can separation method and device Download PDFInfo
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D7/00—Sublimation
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of cold and hot energy separation method of vacuum sublimation evaporation, is: establishing vacuum environment in an artificial environment, enables into wherein liquid a part and be evaporated to steam, a part is solidified as solid, and a portion solid can also distil as steam；Then steam and solid are separated, solid or solidliquid mixture are exported as cold energy, and steam is exported as thermal energy, this process is carried out continuously, and realize the separation of cold energy and thermal energy.The present invention utilizes the physical property of vacuum technique and water, realizes cold energy and thermal energy separation and further stores and use, and can greatly improve system effectiveness and COP value on the basis of existing refrigeration, heating technology.The present invention also provides the devices used in the method.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to freeze and technical field of heat pumps, provide a kind of means using vacuum sublimation evaporation carry out cold energy and
The method of thermal energy separation.The present invention also provides devices used in the method.
Background technique
Refrigeration or heating technology refer to method manually in certain time and certain space to object or object into
Row is cooling or heating, so that its temperature is dropped to environment temperature hereinafter, be raised to environment temperature or more, be to utilize refrigeration or heating
Energy is added in equipment, a kind of unit operation for belonging to thermodynamic process for shifting heat from cryogenic object to high temp objects.It is existing
There are the refrigeration applied in technology or heating technology, is the medium boosting made in refrigeration or heating equipment using compressor work, so
It depressurizes again afterwards, to carry out a kind of operating technology of hot and cold energy absorbed and released and be transferred to place to use.
Current refrigeration and heating is to realize the transfer of hot and cold energy based on Compressor Technology and use operation, due to
It is limited by equipment principle and working environment, the refrigeration efficiency ratio (abbreviation COP value) of compression mechanism cool equipment is hovered for a long time in 6
Left and right.The domestic air conditioning COP of China's level-one energy consumption is 3.4 or so, though external have been reported that the refrigeration machine for having worked out COP > 6 and < 8
Group, but because equipment price is very high, the practical increase rate of efficiency is not big enough, causes equipment sexual valence relatively low.
The high energy consumption of existing cooling and warming technology makes central air conditioning become power consumption rich and influential family, and considerably increases summer country
The load pressure of power grid peak period；And heat supply in winter can only burn coal since the electricity charge are relatively high, increase atmosphere pollution.To control
Atmosphere is managed, country carries out coal and changes gas, but because natural gas resource is supplied the problems such as tight slightly, price is higher, there is also certain in popularization
It is difficult.
Seek a kind of technology of low power consuming partially to substitute traditional compressor refrigeration heating technology, it is energy-saving to realize
It is current urgent problem to be solved.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of cold and hot energy separation method of vacuum sublimation evaporation, this method utilizes vacuum skill
The physical property of art and water realizes that cold energy and thermal energy separate and further store and use, can be in existing refrigeration, heating
System effectiveness and COP value are greatly improved on the basis of technology.
It is a further object to provide devices used in above-mentioned cold and hot energy separation method.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of vacuum sublimation evaporation it is cold and hot can separation method, be to be carried out in a kind of such device, which includes
One artificial environment, i.e., the container of one sealing, which is equipped with liquid-inlet, gas vent and solid or solidliquid mixture goes out
Mouthful, it is additionally provided with agitating device in this embodiment, vacuum sublimation evaporation unit is connected on the gas vent；
Separation method is:
Step 1: vacuum environment is established in artificial environment, the vacuum environment are as follows: enable as described in liquid-inlet entrance
Artificial environment liquid:
A part evaporation therein, a part are solidified as solid, alternatively,
A part evaporation therein, a part are solidified as solid, and fraction solids distillation is steam；
Simultaneously and/or before and/or rear, liquid is inputted to artificial environment by liquid-inlet；
Step 2: steam is separated with solid, starts agitating device, so that the solid of solidification is broken, solid or solid
Become cold energy from the solid or solidliquid mixture outlet discharge with the mixture of liquid to export, steam is from the gas vent quilt
Unit extraction is evaporated in vacuum sublimation becomes thermal energy output；
Step 1 and step 2 replace and/or carry out simultaneously, so that liquid enters the container, solid or solidliquid mixture row
Solid or solidliquid mixture outlet, steam are extracted from gas vent out, this process is carried out continuously, and realize point of cold energy and thermal energy
From.
Further, method provided by the invention further includes step 3: by solid or solidliquid mixture from container be discharged to one with
In the solid storage tank of container equipressure.
Preferably, just start agitating device in step 1.
Specifically, the pressure of the artificial environment is 600Pa or less.
Further, the temperature in the artificial environment, becomes 272K or less.
Preferably, the pressure of the artificial environment is 600-100Pa.
Further, the temperature in the artificial environment, becomes 272-253K.
Further, the agitating device being arranged in the above-described container implements stirring in step 2, guarantees consolidating in container
Body will not seal entire liquid level, and make solid broken and be discharged from solid or solidliquid mixture outlet.
Device used in the method be such that comprising one sealing container, on the container be equipped with liquid into
Mouth, gas vent and solid or solidliquid mixture outlet connect vacuum sublimation evaporation unit, on the gas vent for sealing
Container provides the pressure of setting, and an agitating device is arranged in the container.
Preferably, the agitating paddle in the agitating device, which is located in the container, sets at liquid level or lower than setting liquid level
In height within 50mm.
Further, further include a solid storage tank, the solid storage tank and the reservoir, constitute with container with isobaric
Power, the solid or solidliquid mixture outlet in the container and the inlet communication on the solid storage tank, the solid storage tank import and
It is equipped with stopper between solid or the solidliquid mixture outlet of the container and the two is enabled to be connected to or end；It is solid at this
Solid matter or solidliquid mixture discharge outlet are set on body storage tank, is additionally provided with drain and is communicated with the atmosphere, be arranged on the drain
Blow valve.
Further, connecting pipeline is set between the solid storage tank and the container, is arranged on the connecting pipeline defeated
Send device.
The conveying device is preferably slush pump.
Further, the air entry of vacuum sublimation evaporation unit is separately connected the gas vent of the container and described
A gas outlet on solid storage tank so that by same vacuum sublimation evaporate unit, that is, multi-stage vacuum pump assembly to the container and
The effect of solid storage tank, forms same pressure.
Further, the steam that the steam of a pair of of extraction of exhaust outlet connection of the vacuum sublimation evaporation unit exchanges heat
The gas feed of heat exchanger utilizes the energy heats cryogenic media of the steam to heat up after extraction boosting in the container.
A vacuum pump is connected on the gas vent of the vapor heat exchanger, for being drawn through the steam discharge after exchanging heat
Vapor heat exchanger.
The vacuum sublimation evaporation unit is multistage vacuum pump, preferably Roots Vacuum Pump Units.
The container can be a crystallizer, and structure is: crystallizer is a tank body, under setting one includes in tank body
The peviform partition at bottom and side wall, becomes crystallizing pan, which is divided into upper space and lower space for the inner space of tank body,
Gas vent is arranged on the tank skin of top of the tank, evaporates unit by piping connection vacuum sublimation；Agitating device is from tank body
Top hermetically penetrates in the crystallizing pan for being placed in the upper space；The liquid delivery tube of liquid-inlet is connected from the lower part of tank body
The side wall in space is sealedly inserted into tank body, then out of the side wall of crystallizing pan connection crystallizing pan in position on the lower side；Under crystallizing pan
Wastewater outlet is set on bottom, connects wastewater discharge pipe thereon, wastewater discharge pipe extends downwardly, and is pierced by tank from the sealed bottom of tank body
Body.A discharge port is also set up in the tank bottom of crystallizing tank, the waste water for lower space is discharged；The top part of the side wall of crystallizing pan
Ice mouth is set, the solidliquid mixture outlet being arranged on the side wall of the lower space of tank body.
The structure of the container is also possible to: the container is a crystallizer, structure are as follows: crystallizer is a tank body, gas
Outlet is arranged on the tank skin of top of the tank, evaporates unit by piping connection vacuum sublimation；Agitating device is from the top of tank body
Hermetically penetrate tank body；Liquid-inlet is arranged on tank wall, and solid is arranged on the side wall of tank body or solidliquid mixture goes out
Mouthful, liquid-inlet is exported lower than solidliquid mixture；One discharge port is set in the tank bottom of crystallizing tank 4, the waste water for lower space
Discharge.
Within agitating paddle in the agitating device is located in crystallizing pan at setting liquid level or lower than setting liquid level 50mm
In height；Alternatively, the agitating paddle in the agitating device be located in crystallizing tank set liquid level at or lower than setting liquid level 50mm with
In interior height.
The cold and hot energy separation method of vacuum sublimation evaporation provided by the invention, is the physical property using vacuum technique and water,
Realize the technology that cold energy and thermal energy separate, store and use.It is steamed due to being distilled using the high-efficiency vacuum different from Compressor Technology
Hair technology reduces the ring of energy transmission under the premise of not using other refrigerants and the matched refrigerant circulatory system
Section, improves system effectiveness, and COP value can increase substantially, and refrigeration or heating capacity are bigger, and COP value is also bigger, so that
In 8 can be broken through, or even can be up to 20 or more.Meanwhile the present invention is using the phase transition patter object (steam and ice) of liquid as energy
The medium of the carrier of amount and storage, application, so that cold and hot energy separation and use are more convenient, the big spoke of efficiency is improved.To make
System whole efficiency is obtained to greatly improve.
Below by drawings and examples, the invention will be further described.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram that device used in cold and hot energy separation method is evaporated in vacuum sublimation provided by the invention.
Fig. 1 a is the structural schematic diagram of crystallizer in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1 b is the structural schematic diagram of the crystallizer of another structure.
Fig. 2 is showing for the control system that device used in cold and hot energy separation method is evaporated in vacuum sublimation provided by the invention
It is intended to, the flowing traffic direction of the various fluids in Fig. 1 described device is also shown in the Fig. 2.
Fig. 3 is the equilbrium phase diagram of water.
Fig. 4 is operating condition and COP relationship figure line, wherein COP situation when existing compression refrigeration or heating is shown, wherein horizontal seat
It is designated as the artificial environment state point different with fluid temperature difference, ordinate is the corresponding COP value of various state points.
Fig. 5 is operating condition and COP relationship figure line, wherein showing the COP situation of method of the invention in refrigeration or heating.
Specific embodiment
The citing that cold and hot energy separation method is evaporated as vacuum sublimation provided by the invention, provides as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 1 a
A kind of device.
The container of one, device sealing is known as crystallizer 4, and an artificial environment is constituted in crystallizer 4, is equipped in crystallizer 4
Liquid-inlet 44, gas vent 42 and solidliquid mixture outlet 49, connect a vacuum sublimation rapid steamer on the gas vent 42
Group 2, is additionally provided with blender 43 in crystallizer 4.Separation method is:
Step 1: establishing the artificial environment of vacuum in crystallizer 4, unit is evaporated by vacuum sublimation, that is, one true
Empty pump assembly 3 connects the gas vent 42 on crystallizer 4, crystallizer 4 is vacuumized, so that the pressure reduction in crystallizer 4
To 600-100Pa, e.g. 128Pa, in crystallizer 4, raw water is inputted by liquid-inlet 44.In the operating condition of the vacuum environment
Under, from water balance phasor as shown in Figure 4 it is found that water is in a delta-shaped region of gas-solid equilibrium line and b-a-o composition,
The temperature of the crystallizer 4 is in such a region, and temperature can be reduced to 253K from 272, i.e., is reduced to -20 from -1 DEG C
DEG C, i.e., in gas-particle two-phase area and relatively gaseous regions.In such artificial environment, a part of water can flash to steam, by vacuum
Pump assembly 3 is taken away, and a part of water can be solidified as ice, and a part of ice can also become steam by distillation, meanwhile, can also have one
Quantitative water.
Step 2: steam and ice being separated, the blender 43 being arranged in crystallizer 4 is smashed the ice of condensation, ice
Ice slurry is formed with a part of water, 49 discharge becomes cold energy and exports from solidliquid mixture outlet, and steam is then steamed by vacuum sublimation
Unit is sent out to extract artificial environment out from the gas vent 42 and become thermal energy and export.There are two effects for blender, one is can
Guarantee that the ice in container will not seal entire liquid level, to guarantee the evaporation and rate of sublimation of solid-liquid on liquid level, the second is can be
Cold energy above mold liquid level in artificial environment imports in liquid, accelerates to freeze.For this purpose, blender can in step 1
It starts up.
When starting, liquid can first be added in crystallizer 4, then start vacuum pump assembly 3, subsequent liquid starts to steam
Hair, steam is pumped, and icing is also begun to, and blender can start from the beginning, by crystallizer 4 ullage it is cold
Liquid can be imported, as liquid surface freezes, the ice of condensation is smashed by the slurries of blender, exports 49 rows from solidliquid mixture
Out, at the same time, raw water also constantly enters crystallizer.
In this way, step 1 and step 2 are exactly alternately, and simultaneously to carry out, land and water is continuous to enter crystallizer, maintains knot
Vacuum sublimation rapid steamer, that is, vacuum pump assembly 3 of environmental pressure then constantly extracts steam from gas vent 42 out in brilliant device 4, ice
Discharge solidliquid mixture 49 exports slurry successively, to realize that cold energy and thermal energy continuously separate.
The present invention is to distil to evaporate the technology that unit is separated and is used to cold energy and thermal energy using high-efficiency vacuum.
Be based on the second law of thermodynamics on the basis of New technical use.
As can be seen from Figure 3, the space pressure where artificial environment, that is, water is dropped to from 101.3KPa (atmospheric pressure)
When 128Pa or less, the vapourizing temperature equalization point of water will be along solution-air (C-O) line, three phase point (O point), and gas-solid (O-A) line is downward
It is mobile.Drop to 253K or less from 373K (from 100 degrees Celsius to subzero 20 degrees Celsius or less).
To realize hot and cold energy separation and convenient for utilizing, method of the invention is to take thermal energy as a vapor away, cold
It can be separated and be stored in the form of ice.Technique section is placed on: temperature: 272K -253K (or following) (see a-b line in Fig. 3), pressure
Power: 600Pa -100Pa (see o-a in Fig. 3).It can be seen from water balance phasor as shown in Figure 3, this section is solid-gas two-phase
Area.And the gas phase zone is the closing delta-shaped region of an o-a-b-o.In this area, the solid-state form (ice) of water can be direct
Distillation is steam.It is lower than the saturated vapor pressure (referring to table 1) of liquid water, under nonequilibrium condition, surface layer greatly by reason of heavy pressure
Water still can exist in liquid form, and directly can become steam by evaporation.From the steam of ice distillation and by the steaming of water evaporation
Vapour is extracted out by vacuum pump set, and ice slurry is gone out by ice slurry pumping.Realize the separation and conveying of cold and hot energy.
Table 1: the temperature and the saturated vapor pressure table of comparisons of water
It is lower why the present invention can break through the heat pump based on gas compression technology and refrigerant system efficiency at present
Bottleneck, make the limiting value of the energy consumption ratio COP < 8 of existing mainstream technology, significantly improve.The analysis of causes is as follows:
By the second law of thermodynamics it is found that the entropy of an ideal refrigeration cycle, which increases, is equal to zero, i.e. Qa/Ta=Q0/Tc.
(Qa is environment heat output；Q0 is the heat output of target fluid；Ta is the temperature of environment；Tc is the temperature of target fluid), it substitutes into
Q0+W=Qa, then (Q0+W)/Ta=Q0/Tc, derive Q0/W=1/ (Ta/Tc-1)=ε c, ε c is referred to as coefficient of refrigerating performance, should
Coefficient is identical as so-called Energy Efficiency Ratio COP in the industry.As can be seen that the size of refrigerating capacity and input power and target stream from formula
Temperature Tc and environment temperature Ta are related.With above formula, by calculating it can be concluded that when Ta=35 DEG C of environment temperature, Tc
At=- 119 DEG C, Ta/Tc=2.At this moment, refrigerating capacity=power, i.e. ε c=1, or so-called Energy Efficiency Ratio COP=1 in the industry.Work as the temperature difference
When Ta-Tc starts to reduce, COP value starts > 1.Due to COP=1/ (Ta/Tc-1), therefore with the reduction of the temperature difference, COP value is in acceleration
Ascending tendency.As shown in figure 4, having intercepted when Ta=35 DEG C, from Ta-Tc=44 DEG C, COP=6 starts, until the COP of Ta-Tc=1
Datagraphic.
At Ta=35 DEG C, the relational graph of COP and Ta-Tc are as follows:
With the reduction (being similar to the abscissa of the point on horizontal line) of the temperature difference, COP value, which is presented, to be accelerated to increase.(abscissa is sequence
Columns, ordinate are COP numerical value)
By taking current mainstream compress technique as an example, when environment temperature is Ta=35 DEG C, and refrigeration end target temperature Tc is 0 DEG C,
At this time Ta-Tc=35 DEG C, COP value is up to 7.8 (see the numerical value on the corresponding ordinate of point 10 of abscissa in figure).Actual use
In, it need to consider the temperature difference needs of heat transfer, if heat transfer temperature difference is 5 DEG C, refrigeration end temperature need to reach -5 DEG C at this time, and just can satisfy makes
With needs.At this time Ta-Tc=40 DEG C, COP value is just only capable of reaching 6.7 (see the number on the corresponding ordinate of point 5 of abscissa in figure
Value).I.e. the temperature difference expands, and COP value reduces.System effectiveness coefficient problem is considered further that, with mainstream equipment currently on the market
The situation of COP < 6 or so is consistent.It follows that the Energy Efficiency Ratio level of Compressing Refrigeration is due to by system structure；Ring
The limitation of border temperature and requirement, then have big breakthrough without possible.
By taking the embodiment of the present invention as an example, above-mentioned principle and calculation formula are equally used, ring it can be concluded that, is worked as by calculating
Border temperature Ta=272K, when being spent with the temperature difference Ta-Tc=10 of ice water surface temperature Tc in target fluid, that is, crystallizer, liquid to
Function of environment heat emission is realized and is frozen.Refrigerating capacity > > power.COP value is up to 26 (see the numerical value on the corresponding ordinate in figure midpoint 30).
Since in the present invention, working environment, that is, artificial environment is that height is overlapped with space locating for the water in target fluid, that is, crystallizer
, i.e., in a space.Therefore, the temperature difference of environment temperature and target fluid can be controlled in a relatively narrow range
It is interior.According to the second law of thermodynamics, COP value is up to very high level.
It is to be understood that compression cooling and warming in the prior art, it is eager to excel and is about to heat and is moved at high temperature from low temperature,
It is a kind of inverse natural process, and method provided by the invention, it is a kind of along natural process, environment is vacuumized, certain
Vacuum pressure under, liquid therein willIt is naturalEvaporation and solidification, the solid after solidification can also carry out distillation and generate steam.
The steam of generation and solid are removed into the environment respectively again, ice is exactly cold energy, be can be used, and temperature improves after raise steam, can
To be used as thermal energy.The energy of this process consumption simply forms the vacuum environment of a setting pressure and solid is smashed shifting
Out.So necessarily consumption energy will lack, COP value wants high！
Fig. 5 has been intercepted when Ta=0 DEG C, and (from Ta-Tc=39 DEG C (Tc=234K)), COP=6 starts, until Ta-Tc=1 DEG C
COP datagraphic.At Ta=0 DEG C, the relational graph of COP and Ta-Tc are as shown in Figure 5:
Work as Tc=263K, i.e., -10 (put the numerical value on 30 corresponding ordinates) when spending, COP=26.3.
Data and large-scale production the efficiency reckoning tested below with one illustrate superiority of the invention.
This experiment is used with laboratory condition, and small experimental facilities data are starting point, calculates commercial production scale by analogy method
Yield and energy consumption method, with partially replace pilot scale.But whole technological parameters will be subject to pilot scale data.
Table 1 is the state and last evaporation capacity and icing amount (production capacity) of each stage salt water vacuumized in experiment 1
The experimental data of relationship.
Table 1
Table 2 is the state and last evaporation capacity and icing amount (production capacity) of each stage salt water vacuumized in experiment 2
The experimental data of relationship.
Table 2
With the experiment of 4L/s vacuum equipment, distillation evaporation capacity is respectively 39.6g and 38.65g in booting 2 minutes.Ice-making capacity point
It Wei not 263.86g and 226.23g, average 245g.The ratio between ice-making capacity and evaporation capacity are respectively 6.66 and 5.85.Due to 0 DEG C of water
Heat of evaporation is 2501KJ/Kg, and 0 DEG C of water forms the ice for 0 DEG C, the heat that need to be released are as follows: 334.4KJ/Kg can obtain heat of evaporation
It is 7.48 times or so of icing latent heat.Loss in view of experimental facilities to cold energy, vaporization heat absorption in experimental result and freezes
The ratio 6.25 of latent heat be very close to.The vapor for often taking 1Kg away, can freeze the ice of 7.48Kg
The comparison of the present invention and prior art device Energy Efficiency Ratio:
With the experiment of 4L/s (power 0.55KW) vacuum equipment, is calculated by ice making 250g per minute, 15Kg can be made ice per hour.
According to 1kwh=1000w × 3600s=3600000J, often freeze the cold energy that 1 ton of ice needs 334400KJ (i.e. 92.89KWH).Through
This experimental provision ice energy consumption 36.67KWH per ton is calculated, COP value is up to 2.53 (i.e. 92.89/36.67=2.53).With market
The ice slurry energy efficiency of equipment of upper maturation is than suitable.By taking the SF100 ice slurry machine of certain factory production as an example, which is this experimental facilities
28 times (420Kg/15Kg=28), but efficiency is calculated by installation power, and COP is only 1.94.Such as by operation power calculation, COP
Only up to 2.76, it is close with this experimental data.
The ice slurry machine parameter such as table 3 of certain factory production:
Table 3
It is even more the ice slurry machine that is significantly less than that the ice cube maker parameter of certain factory production, which is shown in Table 4:(efficiency)
Table 4
On above-mentioned two experiment basis, vacuum machine assembly air-exhausting amount is such as expanded 2500 times, 37.5 tons can be made ice per hour
More than.The unit installed capacity 135KW, calculating are learnt: 3.6 degree of ton ice power consumption, and COP value is at least up to 26, more current compression
Machine technology should improve 5 times or more.
With vacuum machine assembly air-exhausting efficiency calculation:
Efficiency due to producing ice depends on the pumping efficiency of vacuum pump set.Also with 4L/s (power 0.55KW) vacuum machine
Group expands 2500 times (power 135KW) and is compared, and calculated result is shown in Table 5:
Table 5
It is essentially identical with above-mentioned calculation method acquired results (COP=26).Expansion can be passed through by demonstrating from another angle
The mode of big vacuum pump set scale, improves system effectiveness.In fact, due to testing vacuum pump form and large-scale vacuum machine used
Group is very different, and the device efficiency of large-scale production can also improve a lot.
One concrete operations are as follows: vacuum degree 600- needed for manufacture is evaporated in vacuo working environment first in water crystallization device
100Pa.Evaporate water crystallization device inner part low temperature feedstock water, water vapour takes away heat, and starts the water of some residual
Glaciation.With vacuum degree by the raising of technique requirement, the pressure in water crystallization device working space continues by technological parameter requirement
Decline, into the normal production pressure parameter area of this i.e. technique of sublimation zone of ice.Since ice is generated on the water surface, that is, start to rise
China's reaction.At this point, ice to be discharged to this space successively using the blender in water crystallization device.The exclusion of part ice sheet is under ice sheet
The water in face provides the condition for continuing evaporation, and the vapor for continuing evaporation provides good heat transfer item for the distillation of ice sheet
Part.At this point, distilling in water crystallization device, evaporating while carrying out, constantly there is water vapour to overflow and taking away amount of heat, and keep low temperature new
The raw water constantly glaciation in water crystallization device.Finished product ice is discharged by solid- liquid separation equipment again, complete entire ice making and is steamed
Vapour production procedure.
The present invention is freezed and was heated so that energy consumption is biggish using physical characteristics such as Transformation Principle, the vapor partial pressures of water
Journey can be carried out in the case where energy consumption is comparatively small.To find out its cause, being since the present invention is used with the side for the rule that complies with the nature
Formula keeps ice and liquid water very low in vapor partial pressure, i.e., distils, evaporates in the higher environment of vacuum degree, and with i.e. by vapor
It takes away.Less energy can be used to complete the separation of hot and cold energy.This technology heats while refrigeration, and by cold energy with ice
The form of (solid-state), thermal energy is separated in the form of (gaseous state) steam, and is used.
The ice of generation can be used as cold storage.It can be used as the cold energy supply of central air conditioning when thawing.It is monomineralic rock using ice,
Cannot coexist with other substances, water in crystallization process, can automatic despumation, with characteristic (such as the sea for keeping its pure
Ice).Ice-making process of the invention can provide the new solution of new low energy consumption also for sea water desalination, keep sea water desalination cost big
Width reduces.A kind of new technological approaches can be started in field of seawater desalination, realize that the low cost of desalination technology is widely applied.
A kind of embodiment of the structure of crystallizer is provided as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 1 a.
The structure of crystallizer 4 is: crystallizer 4 is a tank body, and it includes the peviform gone to the bottom with side wall that one is arranged in tank body
Partition becomes crystallizing pan 41, which is divided into upper space and lower space for the inner space of tank body, vacuumizes interface
42 are arranged on the tank skin of top of the tank, pass through piping connection multi-stage roots vacuum pump 3.Blender 43 is sealed from the top of tank body
Ground, which penetrates, to be placed in the crystallizing pan 41 of the upper space, at liquid level in crystallizing pan 41 or lower than the height within liquid level 50mm
On degree；The liquid delivery tube 45 for connecting liquid-inlet 44 is sealedly inserted into tank body from the side wall of the lower space of tank body, then from knot
In the side wall of brilliant disk 41 connection crystallizing pan 41 in position on the lower side.Raw water is introduced into crystallizing pan 41；It is set on the bottom of crystallizing pan 41
Wastewater outlet 46 is set, connects wastewater discharge pipe 47 thereon, wastewater discharge pipe 47 extends downwardly, and is pierced by tank from the sealed bottom of tank body
Body.A discharge port 47a is also set up in the tank bottom of crystallizing tank 4, the waste water for lower space is discharged.
The top part of the side wall of crystallizing pan 41 is arranged ice mouth 48, trash ice be connected to ice slurry that a part of water mixes from
Ice mouth falls into the lower space of tank body, the 49 discharge tank body of ice slurry outlet being arranged from side wall.
A peep hole 40 is also set on tank body.
It further include an ice slurry storage tank 6, ice slurry storage tank 6 is connected to crystallizer 4, so that and by the pressure and knot in storage tank 6
Pressure in brilliant tank 4 is opposite.Shut-off valve 61 is set in the ice slurry import of ice slurry storage tank.In the present embodiment, the top of ice slurry storage tank 6
The vacuum pump assembly 3 of the vacuum orifice 62 of portion's setting equally connection multi-stage roots vacuum pump, thus can easily make ice
The pressure starched in storage tank 6 is equal with pressure in crystallizing tank 4.Mud is set on the pipeline being equipped between ice slurry storage tank and crystallizing tank 4
Pump 5, driving ice slurry enter ice slurry storage tank 6 from crystallizer 4.Being additionally provided with blow valve 63 at the top of ice slurry storage tank 6 stores up ice slurry
Tank can be communicated with the atmosphere.Ice slurry discharge outlet 64 is arranged in the bottom of ice slurry storage tank 6.Crystallizing pan in actual use, in crystallizer 4
The ice constantly condensed in 41 is crushed by blender 43, and ice slurry falls into lower space, has slush pump 5 to be sent into ice slurry storage tank 6, to ice slurry
After storage tank 6 fills with, shut-off valve 61 is closed, opens blow valve 63, so that the pressure and atmospheric pressure in ice slurry storage tank 6 balance, then,
The valve on following ice slurry discharge outlet 64 is opened, ice slurry is discharged, it is then possible to separate by ice water.Obtain solid ice.One
A crystallizing tank 4 can several ice slurry storage tanks 6 in parallel open other ice slurry storage tank when an ice slurry storage tank 6 discharges ice slurry,
The process of crystallizing tank 4 is carried out continuously.
It is, of course, also possible to which several crystallizing tanks, which are arranged, forms a system, to increase the cold and hot yield that can be separated.
It can also include two heat exchangers in the present apparatus, one is using the vapor heat exchanger 2 of steam thermal energy, the other is
Raw water for entering crystallizing tank 4 pre-cools, the raw water heat exchanger 2 ' for enabling it cool to 1-4 degrees Celsius.
In use, raw water is by a raw water heat exchanger 2 ', ice water therein, cold for raw water after being discharged using ice slurry
But, 1-4 DEG C is cooled to, the raw water after cooling enters the lower space of crystallizing tank 4, crystallizing pan 41 is entered back into, under condition of high vacuum degree
The ice of knot is smashed by blender 43, and aqueous trash ice is discharged to crystallizing tank 4 from the ice mouth 48 in 41 upper portion side wall of crystallizing pan
Then lower space is transported in ice slurry storage tank 6 from ice slurry outlet 49 by slush pump 5, ice slurry is from ice slurry storage tank 6 as cold
It can output use.And crystallizing tank obtains the pressure of setting by the suction of multi-stage roots vacuum pump 3, meanwhile, the steam of extraction is defeated
It is sent in vapor heat exchanger 2, after pressurization, the temperature of steam rises, and the heat supply in heat exchanger 2 with 25 DEG C is changed with water
Heat can make the temperature of heat supply water be promoted to about 70 DEG C, thus output thermal energy.The steam channel of vapor heat exchanger 2
Outlet vapor, by another vacuum pump 1 extraction be discharged into atmosphere.
As shown in Figure 1 b, the structure that crystallizer may also is that cancels the crystallization in crystallizer 4 shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 1 a
Disk 41 and relevant structure.It is an overall space in crystallizer 4, in the crystallizer 4 ' shown in Fig. 1 b, liquid-inlet
44 height is lower than ice slurry outlet 49, and ice slurry outlet 49 is within the 50mm under setting liquid level.And the position of paddle 43 is most
It is to make its half on liquid level well, the other half is under liquid level.Such design can make the effect of blender obtain very
Good performance.
Crystallizer shown in Fig. 1 b is relatively more suitable for pure water or impure less liquid, because such liquid is cold and hot
When can separate, freeze harder, the crystallizer of this spline structure, ice slurry is easier to be discharged.And crystallizer shown in Fig. 1 a, then it is suitble to
The higher liquid of impurity content, such liquid, ice is relatively soft, and ice slurry generally can use the knot for having crystallizing pan such as ooze
Brilliant device, the general ice slurry of ooze fall on lower space from crystallizing pan, separate with liquid, then more convenient by ice slurry outlet discharge.
The cold and hot energy separator of vacuum sublimation evaporation provided by the invention, further includes a centralized control system, such as Fig. 2 institute
To show, centralized control system controls the operation of following device: the unit i.e. opening and closing of multi-stage roots vacuum pump is evaporated in 1. vacuum sublimations,
Speed and control the pressure in crystallizer, the opening and closing of blender and revolving speed in 2. crystallizers also control valve in each inlet and outlet
Opening and closing and open degree, the opening and closing and open degree of valve in each inlet and outlet on 3. ice slurry storage tanks.Larger arrow in Fig. 2 is aobvious
Show centralized control system for the control planning of each section in device, smaller directional arrow shows logistics direction in the present apparatus.
By embodiment it is found that the output thermal energy of this method, that is, multi-stage roots vacuum pump extraction steam can directly produce 60
DEG C -70 DEG C of hot water while 1 ton of ice of every production, can produce 2 tons or so of 60 DEG C of hot water.As only pressed the practical system of this technology
Cold COP=12 is calculated, 1 ton of ice of every production, and power consumption will be less than 7.75 degree, and energy consumption for cooling at least reduces half.In addition the heat of production
Water, total energy consumption can reduce by 75%, and (and current market sales of ice machine COP value is universal for the 25% of energy consumption when as COP=6
Lower than 3).Central heating and bathing water can be provided in a certain range.
Clearly, potentiality to be exploited is huge for energy-saving effect of the present invention.The COP that equipment refrigeration can be achieved is greater than 12 even more
It is high.In addition, equipment cost of the invention is lower, period of recouping investments in equipment will significantly reduce.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of vacuum sublimation evaporation it is cold and hot can separation method, be to be carried out in a kind of such device, which includes one
Artificial environment, i.e., the container of one sealing, which is equipped with liquid-inlet, gas vent and solid or solidliquid mixture exports,
It is additionally provided with agitating device in this embodiment, vacuum sublimation evaporation unit is connected on the gas vent；
Separation method is:
Step 1: establishing vacuum environment in the artificial environment, the vacuum environment are as follows: enable as described in liquid-inlet entrance
Liquid in artificial environment:
A part therein is evaporated to steam, and a part is solidified as solid, alternatively,
A part therein is evaporated to steam, and a part is solidified as solid, and a part of solid sublimation is steam；
Simultaneously or before or rear, liquid is inputted to the artificial environment by the liquid-inlet；
Step 2: steam and solid are separated, agitating device is started so that the solid of solidification is broken, solid or solid and
The mixture of liquid becomes cold energy from the solid or solidliquid mixture outlet discharge and exports, and steam is true from the gas vent
Sky distillation evaporation unit extraction becomes thermal energy and exports；
Step 1 and step 2 replace and/or carry out simultaneously, so that liquid enters the container, solid or solidliquid mixture discharge are solid
Body or solidliquid mixture outlet, steam are extracted from gas vent, this process is carried out continuously, and realizes the separation of cold energy and thermal energy.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: the pressure of the artificial environment is 600Pa or less；And/or
Further include step 3: solid or solidliquid mixture are discharged in a solid storage tank with the container equipressure from container.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized by: temperature in the artificial environment, becomes 272K or less.
4. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized by: the pressure of the artificial environment is 600-100Pa.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized by: temperature in the artificial environment, becomes 272-253K.
6. method according to claim 1 to 5, it is characterised in that: the stirring dress being arranged in the above-described container
Set, in step 2, implement stirring, guarantee that the solid in container will not seal entire liquid level, and make solid broken and from described
Solid or solidliquid mixture outlet discharge；And/or
Just start agitating device in step 1.
7. the device as used in one of claim 1 to 6 the method, it is characterised in that: the container sealed comprising one,
The container is equipped with liquid-inlet, gas vent and solid or solidliquid mixture exports, and a vacuum is connected on the gas vent
Distillation evaporation unit, provides the pressure of setting for sealing container, an agitating device is arranged in the container.
8. device according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: further include a solid storage tank, the solid storage tank with it is described
Reservoir is constituted with the same pressure of container, solid or solidliquid mixture outlet in the container on the solid storage tank
It can equipped with stopper between solid or the solidliquid mixture outlet of inlet communication, the solid storage tank import and the container
So that the two connection or cut-off；Solid matter or solidliquid mixture discharge outlet are set on the solid storage tank, are additionally provided with drain
It is communicated with the atmosphere, installation of relief valve on the drain；
And/or
Agitating paddle in the agitating device, which is located at, to be set in the container at liquid level or lower than the height within setting liquid level 50mm
On degree；And/or
The gas for the vapor heat exchanger that the steam of a pair of of extraction of exhaust outlet connection of the vacuum sublimation evaporation unit exchanges heat
Import utilizes the energy heats cryogenic media of the steam to heat up after the boosting extracted out in the container；And/or
The vacuum sublimation evaporation unit is multi-stage roots vacuum pump；And/or
The container is a crystallizer, and structure is: crystallizer is a tank body, and it includes bottom and side wall that one is arranged in tank body
Peviform partition, become crystallizing pan, which is divided into upper space and lower space, gas vent for the inner space of tank body
It is arranged on the tank skin of top of the tank, unit is evaporated by piping connection vacuum sublimation；Agitating device is sealed from the top of tank body
Ground penetrates in the crystallizing pan for being placed in the upper space；The liquid delivery tube of liquid-inlet is connected from the side of the lower space of tank body
Wall is sealedly inserted into tank body, then out of the side wall of crystallizing pan connection crystallizing pan in position on the lower side；It is arranged on the bottom of crystallizing pan
Wastewater outlet connects wastewater discharge pipe thereon, and wastewater discharge pipe extends downwardly, and is pierced by tank body from the sealed bottom of tank body；It is tying
The tank bottom of brilliant tank also sets up a discharge port, and the waste water for lower space is discharged；The part that the side wall of crystallizing pan is top is provided
Ice mouth, the solidliquid mixture outlet being arranged on the side wall of the lower space of tank body；Alternatively,
The container is a crystallizer, structure are as follows: crystallizer is a tank body, and the tank skin of top of the tank is arranged in gas vent
On, unit is evaporated by piping connection vacuum sublimation；Agitating device hermetically penetrates tank body from the top of tank body；Liquid-inlet
Liquid delivery tube is sealedly inserted into tank body from the side wall of the lower space of tank body, then is connected to from the side wall of crystallizing pan position on the lower side
In crystallizing pan；Wastewater outlet is set on the bottom of crystallizing pan, connects wastewater discharge pipe thereon, wastewater discharge pipe extends downwardly,
Tank body is pierced by from the sealed bottom of tank body；A discharge port is also set up in the tank bottom of crystallizing tank 4, the waste water for lower space is arranged
Out.
9. device according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: communicating pipe is arranged between the solid storage tank and the container
Conveying device is arranged on the connecting pipeline in road；And/or
One that the air entry of the vacuum sublimation evaporation unit is separately connected on the gas vent and solid storage tank of the container goes out
Port, so that evaporating unit, that is, multi-stage vacuum pump assembly to the container and the solid storage tank by the same vacuum sublimation
Effect, forms same pressure；And/or
Agitating paddle in the agitating device, which is located at, to be set in crystallizing pan at liquid level or lower than the height within setting liquid level 50mm
On；Alternatively, within the agitating paddle in the agitating device is located in crystallizing tank at setting liquid level or lower than setting liquid level 50mm
In height；And/or
One adapter tube of connection on the outlet of the solid storage tank, which connects a raw water heat exchanger, so that in solid storage tank
Liquid in solidliquid mixture cools down for entering the liquid of crystallizer；And/or
A vacuum pump is connected on the gas vent of the vapor heat exchanger, for being drawn through the gas discharge heat exchange after exchanging heat
Device.
10. device according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: the conveying device is slush pump.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2019/090283 WO2019242507A1 (en) | 2018-06-22 | 2019-06-06 | Heat and cold energy separation method and apparatus employing sublimation and evaporation in vacuum and application apparatus thereof |
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| CN201810647031 | 2018-06-22 | ||
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| CN201821340011.4U Active CN209060589U (en) | 2018-06-22 | 2018-08-20 | A kind of vacuum sublimation evaporation is cold and hot can separator |
| CN201810949355.3A Pending CN110090467A (en) | 2018-06-22 | 2018-08-20 | A kind of vacuum sublimation evaporation is cold and hot can separation method and device |
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| CN110749225A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2020-02-04 | 迪茗（上海）智能科技有限公司 | Public heat exchange system |
| CN113753992A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-12-07 | 武伟 | High-efficiency vacuum sublimation evaporation cold and heat energy separation system and separation method and application thereof |
Families Citing this family (1)
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| CN209060589U (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2019-07-05 | 武伟 | A kind of vacuum sublimation evaporation is cold and hot can separator |
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