CN110087727B - 用于光疗治疗感染的可吞食胶囊 - Google Patents

用于光疗治疗感染的可吞食胶囊 Download PDF

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CN110087727B
CN110087727B CN201780079064.7A CN201780079064A CN110087727B CN 110087727 B CN110087727 B CN 110087727B CN 201780079064 A CN201780079064 A CN 201780079064A CN 110087727 B CN110087727 B CN 110087727B
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G·R·托尔托拉
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Abstract

一种可吞食胶囊(100),其在使用中被设置成穿过人胃以进行光疗治疗,所述光疗治疗被设置成对抗因存在细菌幽门螺旋杆菌所致的感染,所述可吞食胶囊(100)包含:至少一个主光源(110),所述主光源被设置成发射具有波长λ1的电磁光疗波;至少一个辅助光源(120),所述辅助光源被设置成发射具有波长λ2的电磁光疗波;包装件(130),所述包装件被设置成容纳所述或每个主光源(110)和所述或每个辅助光源(120),所述包装件(130)对所述波长λ1和λ2至少部分地透明;控制单元(140),所述控制单元被设置成选择性地激活所述或每个主光源(110)和/或所述或每个辅助光源(120);以及至少一个能量源(150),所述能量源被设置成提供用于供给所述控制单元(140)和/或所述光源(110,120)的能量。确切地说,400nm<λ1<525nm并且525nm<λ2<650nm。此外,所述控制单元(140)被配置成接收实时报告所述可吞食胶囊(100)穿过所述胃的区域的位置信息;在已知所述位置信息的情况下,确定用于对所述胃的所述区域进行最佳光疗治疗的所述电磁光疗波的波长、剂量和施用持续时间;选择性地激活所述或每个主光源(110)和/或所述或每个辅助光源(120),以提供对所述胃的所述区域进行的所述最佳光疗治疗。

Description

用于光疗治疗感染的可吞食胶囊
技术领域
本发明涉及治疗肠感染的领域。
确切地说,本发明涉及一种用于光疗治疗幽门螺旋杆菌(Helicobacter pylori)感染的可吞食胶囊。
背景技术
众所周知,幽门螺旋杆菌(H.pylori)是一种革兰氏阴性微需氧细菌,它定植于胃和十二指肠的粘液层。世界人口的感染发生率高于50%,在发展中国家高达90%。幽门螺旋杆菌可能引起各种疾病,如慢性胃炎、胃和十二指肠溃疡、胃淋巴瘤、腺癌和非消化系统疾病(extradigestive disease)。幽门螺旋杆菌也被世界卫生组织视为I类致癌物质。
目前,幽门螺旋杆菌感染用药物疗法进行治疗,所述药物疗法由质子泵抑制剂与两种或三种抗生素的组合组成。由于各种副作用和抗生素抗性,药物疗法的功效降低至70%-85%。
为了克服这些限制,我们使用基于细菌光动力疗法(PDT)的方法。PDT是在上个世纪初引入的,并且最初用于治疗肿瘤。在传统的PDT中,通过局部施用来向患者注射或应用称为外部光敏剂的无毒染料,其选择性地累积在标靶(即,恶性组织或细菌)中。在约48-72小时之后,将镜片暴露于可见光中。在氧气存在下,光敏剂与光之间的相互作用导致产生反应性氧物种,从而诱导细胞死亡。PDT用于杀死病原性微生物的应用已经引起临床医生越来越多的关注,并且这一系统已被提出作为用于多种局部感染的疗法。
最近对PDT的关注回归主要是由于无法阻止的耐药性增长,包括许多类型的病原体。举例来说,已知幽门螺旋杆菌在没有外源性摄入光敏剂的情况下是光不稳定的。事实上,幽门螺旋杆菌天然具有光活性卟啉、粪卟啉和原卟啉IX,它们是天然光敏剂。因此,可以通过将幽门螺旋杆菌暴露于具有适当波长的光中来杀死幽门螺旋杆菌。
WO2011055395描述一种用于对幽门螺旋杆菌感染进行特定光疗的可吞食胶囊,其中提供至少半反射镜的存在以增加由治疗光源提供的照明。
然而,这一解决方案不是非常高效,因为它不适应于胃的不同区域,并且因此不适应于由幽门螺旋杆菌细菌引起的感染的不同阶段。因此,在使用这一装置的情况下,患者应该服用超过一个胶囊,每个胶囊适合于胃的不同区域,其增加治疗成本并使得对于未经训练的使用者来说实施起来更为复杂。
WO2012123939A1描述一种用于对患者胃肠道进行光疗的可吞食胶囊,其中提供一个或多个光疗光源和适合于激活所述光源的控制单元的存在,以便在胃肠道中施用特定剂量的治疗照明。因此,所描述的胶囊允许对胃肠道的不同区域进行更适应的施用。
然而,这一解决方案不将幽门螺旋杆菌感染视为特定标靶,在支持这一特定疗法方面不是很有效,对于所述特定疗法,WO2012123939A1未提供必需的波长和施用方法。
确切地说,尽管已经证明一些波长用于活体外杀死细菌的功效(M.R.Hamblin,J.Viveiros,C.Yang,A.Ahmadi,R.A.Ganz和M.J.,Tolkoff“幽门螺旋杆菌累积光活性卟啉并且由可见光杀死(Helicobacter pylori accumulates photoactive porphyrins andis killed by visible light)”,《抗菌作用化学疗法(Antimicrobial ActingChemother.)》,第49卷,第7期,第2822-2827页,2005年7月),但应该考虑到细菌在体内的分布不同并且通常以更复杂的方式分布。因此,必须考虑到细菌必须在人体胃内进行体内处理,其中其它因素是基本的,其中例如不同波长下的光的穿透深度。事实上,由宏观结构(褶皱)和微观结构(小凹)组成的胃壁的情况与在体外条件下在皮氏培养皿(Petri dish)上照射细菌的情况完全不同。褶皱和小凹的特征在于横向尺寸约为分别2-4mm和100-200μm,其中细菌可以紧贴并隐藏。一般来说,真实胃中的杀菌效率是多参数问题,其参数由内源性光敏剂的光学性质和胃的光物理性质(吸收光谱和ROS产生效率)以及由组织的光学性质呈现,其可以强烈影响杀死细菌的有效波长的光谱。考虑到胃粘膜每个层的光学参数,因此必须考虑对某些波长编织的滤波作用以优化光致杀伤的有效性。
为了优化小型可吞食装置的光疗功效,选择内窥镜胶囊的最佳发射波长对于良好地根除细菌是必不可少的。选择最佳光谱照射带对于获得有效的光致杀伤和经过优化的能量管理是必不可少的,而不是将其用于与最高效波长不同波长的光子中,也允许减少疗程的数量,在此情况下,减少疗程的数量又转变为有效减少治疗所需的胶囊数量。使用特定和非随机的波长允许使单个装置的治疗功效增加超过50%,而不会将能量浪费在不适用于对特定细菌进行光疗的光子中。
此外,考虑到胃内的细菌分布肯定是动态的并且受到与感染状态相关的变化影响,动态选择待使用的波长是基本的。举例来说已知幽门螺旋杆菌虽然具有允许其在胃的酸性环境中存活的适应系统,但其更喜欢pH较高的环境。因此,有可能指出,在急性定植阶段,幽门螺旋杆菌仅见于胃窦中。然而,随着感染的继续以及你进入胃炎的慢性期或使用例如抗酸药(antacid),细菌倾向于将自身定位在胃的最高部分直至胃体。在最长期感染的区域(胃窦)中,细菌的深度位置更深,而在胃体和胃底区域,细菌更多地位于表面。
即便考虑上文所描述的方面的情况下,所引用的两篇文献在幽门螺旋杆菌的治疗中都不是非常有效。
发明内容
因此,本发明的一个特征是提供一种用于光疗治疗幽门螺旋杆菌感染的可吞食胶囊,其允许靶向和有效的疗法,以便减少要服用的胶囊的数量。
本发明的另一个特征是提供一种用于光疗治疗幽门螺旋杆菌感染的可吞食胶囊,其允许实时适应待治疗的胃的不同区域以及细菌可能处于的不同条件。
本发明的再一个特征是提供一种用于光疗治疗幽门螺旋杆菌感染的可吞食胶囊,其允许相对于现有技术胶囊优化的能量消耗,以便延长每个胶囊的治疗效果。
这些和其它目的通过一种可吞食胶囊来实现,所述胶囊在使用中被设置成穿过人胃以进行光疗治疗,所述光疗治疗被设置成对抗因存在细菌幽门螺旋杆菌所致的感染,所述可吞食胶囊包含:
-至少一个主光源,所述主光源被设置成发射具有波长λ1的电磁光疗波;
-至少一个辅助光源,所述辅助光源被设置成发射具有波长λ2的电磁光疗波;
-包装件,所述包装件被设置成容纳所述或每个主光源和所述或每个辅助光源,所述包装件对所述波长λ1和λ2至少部分地透明;
-控制单元,所述控制单元被设置成选择性地激活所述或每个主光源和/或所述或每个辅助光源;
-至少一个能量源,所述能量源被设置成提供用于供给所述控制单元和/或所述光源的能量;
所述波长λ1和λ2为使得400nm<λ1<525nm并且525nm<λ2<650nm;
其主要特征是所述控制单元还被设置成:
-接收实时报告所述可吞食胶囊穿过所述胃的区域的位置信息;
-在已知所述位置信息的情况下,确定用于对所述胃的所述区域进行最佳光疗治疗的所述电磁光疗波的波长、剂量和施用持续时间;
-选择性地激活所述或每个主光源和/或所述或每个辅助光源,以提供对所述胃的所述区域进行的所述最佳光疗治疗。
相对于现有技术的优点在于,有可能更有效地激活更多的光治疗频率并管理其施用,从而使所释放的光子数量(J/cm2)最大化,而不需要将更多的胶囊插入胃中。
有利地,
Figure GDA0002855185590000051
并且
Figure GDA0002855185590000052
更具体来说,在第一步骤中,在胃的胃体-胃底区域中,有可能以使得所发射的辐射的20%由
Figure GDA0002855185590000053
构成并且80%由
Figure GDA0002855185590000054
构成的方式激活光源,以便获得更有效并且穿透性更小的辐射(在蓝色/绿色附近)以处理排列在表面上的细菌。
在第二阶段,当胶囊到达胃中的胃窦区域时,所述比例可以实际上逐渐变化,直至倒转,达到80%由
Figure GDA0002855185590000055
构成并且20%由
Figure GDA0002855185590000056
构成的辐射为止,所以你可以更多地穿透到粘液中或胃褶皱之间。
有利地,所述控制单元还被设置成接收关于所述光源的温度的信息,所述关于温度的信息允许确定所述电磁光疗波的施用持续时间,以允许由所述能量源供应的能量消耗较低。
确切地说,在知道光源温度的情况下,控制单元可以激活和停用所述光源,以便优化所发射的辐射与所分散的能量之间的比率。事实上,已知工作温度会影响LED的发光效率(对于一些类型的LED,相对发光效率在20℃下为100%,在40℃下为80%,在60℃下为60%,并且这根据波长和所用光源的类型而变化)。
举例来说,如果工作温度上升太多,则发光效率可能受到负面影响,并且因此更方便的可能是开启和关闭光源,而非保持其永久开启。以这种方式,平均发光效率(在时间单位内照射的光子)将变得几乎恒定,并且在任何情况下都大于不存在控制的情况。以这种方式,考虑到由装置的操作温度和其位置驱动的对波长的动态选择允许改善个别光源的治疗功效,在单个装置治疗功效方面的性能将进一步改善。为了始终降低光源的温度并提高能量效率,控制单元(取决于温度传感器)可能会决定关闭当时未使用的一些LED。
有利地,还提供pH检测器,其被配置成测量所述可吞食胶囊周围环境中的pH水平,以向所述控制单元提供所述位置信息。
确切地说,酸性较强的环境将表明胶囊处于胃窦中,而酸性较弱的环境将表明胶囊处于盲肠中。
pH的一些参考值如下:
-食道pH=5-6
-胃底pH=4-5
-胃体pH=3-4
-胃窦pH=1-2
-十二指肠pH=7-8
确切地说,还提供惯性传感器,其被设置成确定所述可吞食胶囊的线性和角速度和加速度,以向所述控制单元提供所述位置信息。
控制单元对波长的动态选择和其经过优化的点火管理也可以是基于胶囊的定位或其速度。同样地,在一些情况下,其可以选择强度较低的一些波长和一些LED(例如在治疗的最后阶段,当胶囊即将穿过胃并且因此肯定处于胃窦位置时,在所述胃窦位置,流明受到限制并且不需要给予光)。
此外,基于来自惯性传感器的信息(其示出了由胶囊所形成的路径和其空间取向),还将有可能选择要待激活的光源的数量和类型以及相对施用剂量(其在胶囊固定于一个点的情况下可以减少)。以这种方式,有可能知道由胶囊所形成的路径和其空间取向。控制单元可以由位置确定施用剂量,同时取决于取向,可以选择激活哪些光源。
确切地说,还提供至少一个磁传感器,其被配置成测量来自所述胃的磁信号,以向所述控制单元提供所述位置信息。以这种方式,通过将磁铁/电磁铁放置在使用者身体外的预定位置,磁传感器允许基于磁信号的强度和方向来确立胶囊的位置。
有利地,还提供至少一个接近度传感器,其被配置成测量所述胃的壁与所述可吞食胶囊的接近度。这样,如果胶囊附着于壁上,则控制单元可以关闭与所述壁相对的光源。
通过组合来自磁传感器的定位信息和来自接近度传感器的取向信息,因此有可能确立在胶囊的特定区域中开启或关闭LED相对于其它区域是否方便。
有利地,将所述或每个主光源和所述或每个辅助光源放入所述透明包装件中。
确切地说,所述或每个主光源和所述或每个辅助光源包含有机和柔性二极管。
有利地,在所述透明包装件内提供漫射流体,所述漫射流体被设置成增加所述光源的漫射。以这种方式,胶囊附近的光辐射的最大角度覆盖是可能的。
此外,所述透明包装件可以包含光导,所述光导被设置成沿预定轨迹输送所述电磁光疗波。
有利地,还提供铁磁和/或磁性元件,其用于允许借助于所述胃外部的磁铁或电磁铁在所述胃中引导所述可吞食胶囊。如果胶囊内部存在铁磁元件,则铁磁元件也可以是电池本身。
确切地说,提供一种用于通过无线传输来接收能量的装置。举例来说,其可以是也用作借助于磁铁远程驱动的电磁铁的绕组。
确切地说,胶囊的主可以是位于胶囊本身内部的电池。
为此,可以添加或替换绕组系统,以便远程地向胶囊供应能量。一种可能性可以是通过磁系统或使用外部电磁铁在特定点引导胶囊以使连续或不连续的能量转移最大化,以允许同一胶囊继续进行治疗所持续的较长时间高于平均在胃里所用的时间。
以这种方式,由于本发明,单个装置能够在必要时并且以相对于由控制单元所选择和识别的波长可变的方式照射,如同在药物中进行活性成分管理的情况一样。所述装置使得有可能用特别选择的不同颜色的光照射胃的同一点,从而克服胃的随机运动的问题,所述随机运动在其它情况下将不允许适当照亮一些胃区域,从而降低治疗的有效性。
确切地说,与所选波长组合的疗法允许:
-关于减少患者必须服用的胶囊数量,然后减少与每个胶囊相关的风险立即起作用;
-有可能以受控方式组成所有波长的优点,使得将来有可能在通过胶囊进行的光动力疗法方面实现最佳可能的折衷。
另外,鉴于存在控制单元,胶囊能够释放与多参数分析相关的“可变剂量组合”以用于对能源的最佳管理,所述多参数分析是相对于经过的时间、相对于pH的变化、相对于外部磁场的存在、基于接近度传感器和加速度计。
附图说明
参考附图,本发明的其它特征和/或优点将通过对其示例性实施例的以下描述而变得更清楚,所述示例性实施例是示例性而非限制性的,在附图中:
-图1示出了根据本发明的可吞食胶囊的第一示例性实施例,其中提供4个光源;
-图2示出了根据本发明的可吞食胶囊的第二示例性实施例,其中提供多个光源;
-图3A、3B、3C和3D示出了具有不同组件形式和布置的可吞食胶囊的其它示例性实施例。
具体实施方式
参看图1,在第一示例性实施例中,根据本发明的可吞食胶囊100包含两个主光源110和两个辅助光源120,所述主光源光源被设置成发射具有波长λ1的电磁光疗波,所述辅助光源被设置成发射具有波长λ2的电磁光疗波。然后,可吞食胶囊100包含包装件130,所述包装件对波长λ1和λ2至少部分地透明并且被设置成容纳光源110和120。还存在控制单元140和能量源150,所述控制单元被设置成选择性地激活光源110和120,所述能量源被设置成提供用于供给所述控制单元140以及所述光源110和120的能量。
在图2中示出了第二示例性实施例,其中沿着胶囊的整个周边存在多个彼此交替的光源110和120。这样,机率非常高的是,胶囊100独立于其在胃内位置和的取向,可以发射有效光波,即,到达所期望的治疗标靶。
在图3A、3B、3C和3D中,示出了胶囊的一些示例性实施例,其具有不同形式的包装件130,并且因此具有不同的内部组件布置。
一些示例性具体实施例的前述描述将根据概念性观点充分地揭露本发明,以使得其它人通过应用当前的知识,将能够在不另外研究并且不偏离本发明的情况下在各种应用中修改和/或改编具体示例性实施例,并且因此,其意味着此类改编和修改将必须被视为等效于具体实施例。实现本文所描述的不同功能的构件和材料可以具有不同性质,而不出于此原因偏离发明领域。应理解,本文所采用的措词或术语是出于描述而不是限制的目的。

Claims (8)

1.一种可吞食胶囊(100),其在使用中被设置成穿过人胃以进行光疗治疗,所述光疗治疗被设置成对抗因存在细菌幽门螺旋杆菌所致的感染,所述可吞食胶囊(100)包含:
至少一个主光源(110),所述主光源被设置成发射具有波长λ1的电磁光疗波;
至少一个辅助光源(120),所述辅助光源被设置成发射具有波长λ2的电磁光疗波;
包装件(130),所述包装件被设置成容纳所述至少一个主光源(110)和所述至少一个辅助光源(120),所述包装件(130)对所述波长λ1和λ2至少部分地透明;
控制单元(140),所述控制单元被设置成选择性地激活所述至少一个主光源(110)和/或所述至少一个辅助光源(120)和接收实时报告所述可吞食胶囊(100)穿过所述胃的区域的位置信息;
至少一个能量源(150),所述能量源被设置成提供用于供给所述控制单元(140)和/或所述光源(110,120)的能量;
所述波长λ1和λ2为使得400nm<λ1<525nm并且525nm<λ2<650nm;
所述可吞食胶囊(100)的特征在于,所述控制单元(140)还被设置成:
在已知所述位置信息的情况下,确定用于对所述胃的所述区域进行最佳光疗治疗的所述电磁光疗波的波长、剂量和施用持续时间;
选择性地激活所述至少一个主光源(110)和/或所述至少一个辅助光源(120),以提供对所述胃的所述区域进行的所述最佳光疗治疗。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可吞食胶囊(100),其中
Figure FDA0002888757660000011
并且
Figure FDA0002888757660000012
3.根据权利要求1所述的可吞食胶囊(100),其中所述控制单元(140)还被设置成接收关于所述光源(110,120)的温度的信息,所述关于温度的信息允许确定所述电磁光疗波的施用持续时间,以允许由所述能量源(150)供应的能量消耗较低。
4.根据权利要求1所述的可吞食胶囊(100),其中还提供pH检测器,所述pH检测器被配置成测量所述可吞食胶囊(100)周围环境中的pH水平,以向所述控制单元(140)提供所述位置信息。
5.根据权利要求1所述的可吞食胶囊(100),其中还提供惯性传感器,所述惯性传感器被设置成确定所述可吞食胶囊(100)的线性和角速度和加速度,以向所述控制单元(140)提供所述位置信息。
6.根据权利要求1所述的可吞食胶囊(100),其中还提供至少一个接近度传感器,所述接近度传感器被配置成测量所述胃的壁与所述可吞食胶囊(100)的接近度。
7.根据权利要求1所述的可吞食胶囊(100),其中在所述包装件(130)内提供漫射流体,所述漫射流体被设置成增加所述光源(110,120)的漫射。
8.根据权利要求1所述的可吞食胶囊(100),其中所述包装件(130)包含光导,所述光导被设置成沿预定轨迹输送所述电磁光疗波。
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