CN110085936A - A kind of fast charge method - Google Patents
A kind of fast charge method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110085936A CN110085936A CN201910485944.5A CN201910485944A CN110085936A CN 110085936 A CN110085936 A CN 110085936A CN 201910485944 A CN201910485944 A CN 201910485944A CN 110085936 A CN110085936 A CN 110085936A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fast charge method of secondary cell, step includes: first, determines the correction factor a of the test method difference of DC internal resistance, the regression correction factor c of battery structure correction factor b and the decline of constant voltage process charging current；Second, determine charging DC internal resistance R of the secondary cell at current environmental temperature TDCT；Third carries out quick constant-current constant-voltage charging, charging current I, charge cutoff voltage V to secondary cellC, VCMeet following relationship: V0<VC≤V0+a*b*RDCT* I/Q, charging cut-off current IC, ICMeet following relationship: IC≥I0+a/b*c*I*ln(VC/V0).This method can effectively shorten the charging time in each stage of each charging temperature section and battery life, reduce charging temperature rise, extend cycle life, suitable for various structures, the battery of various capacity, charge safer, be not susceptible to safety accident.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of secondary batteriess, and in particular to a kind of charging method of secondary cell.
Background technique
Secondary cell has a well known charge cutoff voltage and charging cut-off current in charging, usually in battery
There is defined in specifications.Common charging method is carried out by the way of constant current constant voltage, it may be assumed that is first used constant-current charge, is charged to
When known charge cutoff voltage voltage, it is changed to known charge cutoff voltage size constant-voltage charge, at this moment charging current gradually subtracts
It is small, stop charging when being reduced to charging cut-off current (usually 1/20 or 1/50 multiplying power).This charging modes charging time
It is longer, it is not able to satisfy the growing quick charge requirement of people.
By improving charging current, the charging time can reduce naturally, but the promotion of charging current is needed to be promoted and entirely be filled
The conveyance capacity of circuit, also increases battery-heating, brings the decline of safe and reliable property and service life.Therefore, how same
Reducing the charging time under charging current becomes a urgent problem to be solved.
Voltage when due to battery charging consists of two parts, and a part is the burning voltage between battery plus-negative plate, and second
Part is the bring voltage difference that polarized by ohmic internal resistance, concentration polarization and activation polarization etc..Portion of techniques personnel pass through raising
Charging voltage, to compensate second part by ohmic internal resistance, concentration polarization and activation polarization bring voltage difference.Art technology
Personnel are aware that, by improving charging voltage, in the case where charging current is constant, is equivalent to total charging mean power and increases
, can be perfectly clear it is intended that the charging time for being charged to same capacity or energy naturally may be used by improving charging voltage
To shorten.For example, published some secondary cell charging techniques such as application No. is the patent of invention of CN200610034990.6,
Application No. is CN200810198973.5 and application No. is the patents of invention of CN200810029444.2, have directly abandoned constant pressure and have filled
Electric process, and charged using simple constant current, the final voltage of charging is greater than well known charging and limits voltage.In addition,
Patent of invention if number of patent application is CN201610809759.3 is proposed to secondary cell constant-current charge to limitation voltage VZ,
In, VZVoltage V is limited greater than known constant-current charge0；To secondary cell with voltage VZCarry out constant-voltage charge, constant-voltage charge electric current drop
As low as termination electric current IZWhen stop charging, wherein terminate electric current IZElectric current I is terminated greater than known constant-voltage charge0。
It is well known that it is a kind of overcharge that the final voltage of charging, which is greater than well known charging limitation voltage, there are certain
Security risk.Unfortunately, they can not sufficiently ensure peace when various batteries charge under various conditions for existing method institute
Entirely.It is well known that the structure of the polarization such as the ohmic internal resistance of battery, concentration polarization and activation polarization and battery, environment temperature are tight
Perhaps, close correlation, same charge parameter are suitble to coiled battery, and but when laminated batteries charge, there are security risks；Perhaps exist
Room temperature charging safety, high-temperature charging have risk on fire；Perhaps room temperature can be charged to 100% capacity, and low temperature is charged to 100%
Capacity can then have security risk.Therefore, a kind of appropriate fast charge method should provide clear while quick charge
The model and prediction of measurable charge cutoff voltage and charging cut-off current, rather than take a chance in vague and general range.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: a kind of secondary battery charging method is overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide, this method can
To effectively shorten the charging time, charging temperature rise is reduced, extends cycle life, meanwhile, which is suitable for various structures, each
The battery of kind capacity, charges safer, is not susceptible to safety accident.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides a kind of secondary battery charging method comprising following steps:
First, according to battery structure, battery charge I and standard charging cut-off current I0, battery DC inner walkway
Method determines the correction factor a of the test method difference of DC internal resistance, battery structure correction factor b and constant voltage process charging current
The Volatile material factor c of decline；
Second, determine charging DC internal resistance R of the secondary cell at current environmental temperature TDCT；
Third includes at least a step in charge step and carries out quick constant-current constant-voltage charging, quick charge electricity to secondary cell
Stream is I, and quick charge blanking voltage is VC, VCMeet following relationship: V0<VC≤V0+a*b*RDCT* I/Q, quick charge cut-off electricity
Stream is IC, ICMeet following relationship: IC≥I0+a/b*c*I*ln(VC/V0).Wherein, a is the test method difference of DC internal resistance
Correction factor, 0.5 < a < 1.5；B is battery structure correction factor, 0.5≤b≤1；C is returning for constant voltage process charging current decline
Return correction factor, 1 < c < 7；Secondary cell standard charging blanking voltage is V0, cut-off current I0, secondary cell normal capacity is
Q。
Secondary cell can be lithium ion secondary battery.
Environment temperature T is generally at 0~55 DEG C.
Charge DC internal resistance RDCTTest method there are many kinds of, such as have U.S.'s FreedomCAR project HPPC test
Method, Japanese electric vehicle association JEVS test method, Chinese science and technology portion " HEV high-power metal hydride nickel (lithium ion)
Accumulator property test specification " test method etc. or it is simpler using a pulse current and measure voltage difference, then
With voltage difference divided by electric current, the resistance variations trend between these different test methods is consistent, but its absolute value has one
Determine difference, therefore we need to introduce the correction factor a of the test method difference an of DC internal resistance, we define using HPPC
Test method, test charged state are 40~70%, when test electric current selects 0.2~2 times of charging current I, a=1.Work as use
When the DC internal resistance of other test method statements, two methods can be compared to conversion and obtain the numerical value of a.
RDCTNumerical value can be directly obtained by the above measurement method, can also calculate to obtain by model formation, pass through
The method that model formation calculates also accordingly corresponds to the numerical value of a.
B is battery structure correction factor, and different battery structures brings different ohmic polarizations.For tab in pole piece one
The winding-structure at end, ohmic polarization is larger, and then ohmic polarization is minimum for full extreme ear structure.Therefore, battery structure is tab in pole
When the ideal winding-structure of piece one end, b=0.5；When battery structure is ideal full extreme ear structure, b=1；Negative electrode lug number is d,
When battery structure is lamination or multipole ear winding, b=1/ (1+1/d)；Winding-structure of the tab in pole piece center, negative electrode lug number
For d, b=1/ (1+1/ (d+1)).
C is the regression correction factor of constant voltage process charging current decline, and during constant-current constant-voltage charging, electric current is gradually
Drop to I from I0, which is curve first quick and back slow, substantially conforms to the rule of secondary exponential function, therefore in ICPublic affairs
In formula, we need to introduce correction factor c when being fitted the curve.As standard charging current I and standard charging cut-off current I0's
Ratio I/I0When between 10~100, the value of c is between 2~5.The value of c can be approximated to be c=ln (I/I0)
When secondary cell just extremely cobalt acid lithium, nickle cobalt lithium manganate, nickel cobalt lithium aluminate, LiMn2O4, nickel ion doped or they
Mixture, when cathode is graphite, hard carbon, soft carbon, silicon, silica and silicon alloy or their mixture, standard recharging methods
For constant-current constant-voltage charging, standard charging current I is 0.3~5C, standard charging blanking voltage V0For 4.1~4.8V, standard charging
Cut-off current I0For 0.01~0.1C.
Charging process can also include one group of multistep constant-current charge, and constant-current charge electric current is I1, I2…..In, corresponding
Charging cut-off current is V1, V2……Vn, wherein n >=2, blanking voltage and electric current correspond, V1<V2……<Vn<VC, at this
After the completion of one group of constant-current charge, then it is V that carry out electric current, which be I blanking voltage,CCut-off current is ICConstant-current constant-voltage charging.
It is I that constant-current constant-voltage charging process, which can also be changed to a series of charging currents,1, I2…..Im, ICBlanking voltage is VC's
Pulse constant current charges, wherein m >=2, I1>I2……>Im>IC。
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is quick charge flow chart.
Specific embodiment
In order to which technical problem, technical solution and beneficial effect solved by the invention is more clearly understood, tie below
Accompanying drawings and embodiments are closed, the present invention will be described in further detail.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only
To explain the present invention, it is not intended to limit the present invention.
It is anode, using graphite as the polyalcohol flexible packing lithium ion secondary of cathode that following embodiment, which is only listed using cobalt acid lithium,
Battery, but the charging method is also applied for other well known positive and negative pole material and other shells and the lithium ion of structure two
Primary cell, such as nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary battery, ferric phosphate lithium cell, silicium cathode battery and rectangular aluminum hull, steel shell, cylindrical battery
Deng and the secondary cell such as lead-acid battery, nickel-metal hydride battery of other types etc..
Battery explanation:
In table 1,1~5 battery of model is equal are as follows: using cobalt acid lithium be anode, using artificial graphite as the polyalcohol flexible packing of cathode
Lithium ion secondary battery, it is anode, using artificial graphite as the polyalcohol flexible packing lithium ion of cathode that 6 batteries, which are using nickle cobalt lithium manganate,
Secondary cell；One column of battery structure, model Isosorbide-5-Nitrae, 5 be traditional winding-structure, as winding patterns of the tab in pole piece one end, type
Numbers 2 wind for full tab, and 6 multi pole ears of model are multipole ear winding；The lamination of model 3 has 16 cathode, the multipole of model 6
Ear winding has 16 negative lugs, and the structure of model 7 is winding-structure of the negative electrode lug in pole piece center；In addition, being ability
Known to field technique personnel: battery has different recharge logics in different temperatures range, therefore in the basic letter of battery size 1
In breath, there are two different temperature ranges.Table 1 is battery specifying information:
1. embodiment battery information of table
Charging method parameter calculates:
In table 1, to 1~5 size battery, DC internal resistance R is tested using HPPC methodDCT, 6, No. 7 batteries use the side JEVS
Method tests DC internal resistance RDCT。
It is as shown in table 2 relevant parameter can be calculated according to Given information:
The fast charge method parameter that table 2. is calculated according to Given information.
Test evaluation method explanation:
The superiority and inferiority of evaluation charging method is broadly divided into four levels:
First is the charging time, i.e., is charged to the time required for full electricity from empty electricity.
Second is cycle performance, if being recycled at a certain temperature using the electric discharge standard of specific charging standard and standard
Capacity retention ratio and thickness swelling after dry time.
Third is security performance, we are held on 130 DEG C of hot tanks after using specific charging standard fully charged and keep the temperature 60 points
Clock come evaluate charging standard security performance.
The fourth is that charging temperature rise, we paste thermocouple assay battery surface maximum temperature in battery surface.
In addition, since any person skilled in the art knows about, charging voltage is higher, the smaller feelings of cut-off current
Under condition, charging capacity is higher, it is easier to cause the security and reliability problem of overcharge.Therefore following embodiment is all made of formula
The maximum charging voltage and minimum cut-off current being calculated, test in the most severe case this charging method safety and can
It is safe and reliable when selecting charging method higher with charging cut-off current lower than charging voltage in embodiment by property
Property can be more preferable.
Embodiment 1
Experiment condition: 25 DEG C of charging temperature, battery size 1~7 is selected；Test different model battery first is in this temperature
Under charging DC internal resistance；The standard 1 that charges is standard charging standard i.e. with electric current I constant-current constant-voltage charging to V0Cut-off current I0；It fills
Electric standard 2 is quick charge, i.e., with electric current I constant-current constant-voltage charging to VCCut-off current IC。
3. 25 DEG C of table measure obtained DC internal resistance RDCTAnd the fast charge method parameter being calculated.
Charging time compares:
Compared with 4. 25 DEG C of fast charge methods of table and standard recharging methods completely fill the time with fast charge method.
It can be seen that fast charge method various different capabilities different structures battery in use, can significantly subtract
Few charging time reduces the time at 10~25 minutes, has been compared with the traditional method significant advantage.
Embodiment 2
Experiment condition: charge and discharge temperature 45 C selects battery size 1~3；Test different model battery first is warm herein
Charging DC internal resistance under degree, and quick charge standard is calculated, see Table 5 for details.
The comparison of three kinds of different charging standards: charging standard 1 is standard charging standard；Charging standard 2 is quick charge,
Meet fast charge method of the invention；Charging standard 3 is the quick charge of comparison, that is, does not meet the voltage of the scope of the invention
Higher than standard charging blanking voltage, electric current is higher than the charging method of standard charging cut-off charging current.Discharge current is
3000mA is discharged to 3.0V cut-off.
500 circulations are carried out respectively according to three kinds of charge and discharge standards, and capacity retention ratio and battery core thickness are swollen after test loop
Swollen rate, see Table 6 for details.
5. 45 DEG C of table measure obtained DC internal resistance RDCTAnd the fast charge method parameter being calculated.
6. 45 DEG C of table different charging standards and Capacity fading and thickness swelling situation.
It can be seen that according to the method for the present invention carry out quick charge 500 times circulation with standard charging capacity retention ratio and
Thickness swelling is close.The charging method cutoff charge voltages of comparative example are higher and cut-off charging current is lower, and circulation volume is protected
Holdup is lower, and circulation thickness swelling is higher.Fast charge method of the invention is better than comparative example.
Embodiment 3
Experiment condition: 0 DEG C of charging temperature, battery size 1~3 is selected；Test different model battery first is in this temperature
Under charging DC internal resistance, and quick charge standard is calculated, see Table 7 for details.
The comparison of three kinds of different charging standards: charging standard 1 is standard charging standard；Charging standard 2 is to meet this hair
Bright fast charge method；Charging standard 3 is the quick charge of comparison, that is, the voltage for not meeting the scope of the invention is filled higher than standard
Electric blanking voltage, electric current are higher than the charging method of standard charging cut-off charging current.
At 0 DEG C, after battery is respectively filled with from empty electric state according to three kinds of charge and discharge standards, it is put into hot tank, is warming up to 130
DEG C and keep the temperature 60 minutes.See Table 8 for details for three kinds of charging methods and 130 DEG C of storage results.
7. 0 DEG C of table measure obtained DC internal resistance RDCTAnd the fast charge method parameter being calculated.
After 8. 0 DEG C of table different charging standard chargings the case where 130 DEG C of storages in 60 minutes.
It can be seen that consistent with standard recharging methods safety according to the quick charge that the method for the present invention carries out.Comparative example
Even if charging method in the case where limiting charging capacity, still there is a situation where on fire.Fast charge method of the invention
It is better than comparative example in safety.
Embodiment 4
25 DEG C of charging ambient temperature, battery size 1 is selected, two kinds of charging time close (being 60 minutes or so) are taken
Charge standard, and charging standard 1 uses traditional approach, blanking voltage 4.4V, when shortening charging by way of improving charging current
Between, charging standard 2 using the method for the present invention fast charge method, by rationally improving charge cutoff voltage and cut-off current
Method shortens the charging time.Such as table 9, it can be seen that the time is completely being filled in the quick charge carried out using the method for the present invention on an equal basis
In the case of, temperature rise is lower, there is significant advantage.
The charging temperature rise of the different charging standards at room temperature of table 9..
Embodiment 5
25 DEG C of charging ambient temperature, battery size 1 is selected, using charging current 4500mA, charge cutoff voltage 4.44V fills
The fast charge method of electric cut-off current 420mA, filling time 60 minutes.
The mode that other multistage chargings can be selected, achievees the effect that similar quick charge.Such as: first segment charging is filled
Electric current 6000mA, charge cutoff voltage 4.2V, second segment charging, charging current 3000mA, charge cutoff voltage 4.43V charging
Cut-off current 260mA, filling time 60 minutes.
For another example: first segment is charged as charging current 4500mA, and constant-current charge blanking voltage 4.44V, hereafter n-th section of constant current is filled
Electric charging current is (4500-50*n) mA, constant-current charge blanking voltage 4.44V, and until 4500-50*n≤420, total fills
The full time is 60.5 minutes.
It can be seen that fast charge method of the invention is equally applicable to the mode of multistage charging, promotion also can achieve
The effect of charging rate.
Analysis of experimental results:
Above embodiments can be seen that a kind of secondary battery charging method provided by the invention can effectively shorten charging when
Between, charging temperature rise is reduced, cycle life is extended, meanwhile, which is suitable for the battery of various structures, various capacity, fills
Electricity is safer, is not susceptible to safety accident.
The above is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention in any form, any ripe
Professional and technical personnel is known, without departing from the scope of the present invention, according to the technical essence of the invention, to the above reality
Any simple modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements etc. made by example are applied, it is fallen within the scope of protection of the technical scheme of the present invention
It is interior.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of fast charge method of secondary cell, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included: first, according to battery structure, electricity
Pond charging current I and standard charging cut-off current I0, battery DC inner walkway method determine that the test method of DC internal resistance is poor
The regression correction factor c of different correction factor a, battery structure correction factor b and the decline of constant voltage process charging current；Second, really
Determine charging DC internal resistance R of the secondary cell at current environmental temperature TDCT；Third includes at least a step in charge step to two
Primary cell carries out quick constant-current constant-voltage charging, fast charging current I, battery capacity Q, and quick charge blanking voltage is VC, VC
Meet following relationship: V0<VC≤V0+a*b*RDCT* I/Q, quick charge cut-off current are IC, ICMeet following relationship: IC≥I0+
a/b*c*I*ln(VC/V0), wherein 0.5 < a < 1.5；0.5≤b≤1；1<c<7；V0For secondary cell standard charging blanking voltage,
I0For cut-off current.
2. fast charge method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: wherein secondary cell is lithium ion secondary electricity
Pond.
3. fast charge method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: wherein environment temperature T is 0~55 DEG C.
4. fast charge method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: wherein charge DC internal resistance RDCTTest side
Method uses HPPC test method, and test charged state is 40~70%, when test electric current selects 0.2~2 times of charging current I, a
=1.
5. fast charge method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: wherein battery structure is tab in pole piece one end
Ideal winding-structure when, b=0.5；When battery structure is ideal full extreme ear structure, b=1；Negative electrode lug number is d, battery knot
When structure is lamination or multipole ear winding, b=1/ (1+1/d), winding-structure of the tab in pole piece center, b=1/ (1+1/ (d+
1))。
6. fast charge method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: wherein when standard charging current I and standard are filled
Electric cut-off current I0Ratio I/I0When between 10~100, the value of c is between 2~5.
7. fast charge method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: wherein the value of c can be approximated to be c=ln (I/
I0)。
8. fast charge method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: wherein when secondary cell just extremely cobalt acid
Mixture more than lithium, nickle cobalt lithium manganate, nickel cobalt lithium aluminate, LiMn2O4, nickel ion doped or in which the two, cathode are graphite, firmly
When more than carbon, soft carbon, silicon, silica and silicon alloy or in which the two mixture, standard recharging methods are constant-current constant-voltage charging,
Standard charging current I is 0.3~5C, standard charging blanking voltage V0For 4.1~4.8V, standard charging cut-off current I0It is 0.01
~0.1C.
9. fast charge method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: wherein charging process includes one group of multistep constant current
Charging, constant-current charge electric current are I1, I2…..In, corresponding charging cut-off current is V1, V2……Vn, wherein n >=2, end
Voltage and current corresponds, V1<V2……<Vn<VC, after the completion of this group of constant-current charge, then carrying out electric current is I cut-off electricity
Pressure is VCCut-off current is ICConstant-current constant-voltage charging.
10. fast charge method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: wherein constant-current constant-voltage charging can approximation etc.
It is I that effect, which is converted into a series of charging currents,1, I2…..Im, ICBlanking voltage is VCPulse constant current charging, wherein m >=2, I1>
I2……>Im>IC。
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| CN112186311A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-01-05 | 安普瑞斯(南京)航运动力有限公司 | Battery module using semiconductor refrigerating sheet to control temperature |
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