CN110082431A - A kind of method and device for material surface acoustic impedance measurement - Google Patents
A kind of method and device for material surface acoustic impedance measurement Download PDFInfo
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- CN110082431A CN110082431A CN201910464762.XA CN201910464762A CN110082431A CN 110082431 A CN110082431 A CN 110082431A CN 201910464762 A CN201910464762 A CN 201910464762A CN 110082431 A CN110082431 A CN 110082431A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000002847 impedance measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/09—Analysing solids by measuring mechanical or acoustic impedance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/223—Supports, positioning or alignment in fixed situation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method and devices for material surface acoustic impedance measurement, wherein method includes: step S1: building measuring device: placing an active sound source above detected materials, and region is close to arranging microphone array at detected materials between detected materials and active sound source；Step S2: constructing multiple equivalent source model, determines multiple equivalent source face；Step S3: acquiring sound pressure signal using microphone array, obtain acoustic pressure column vector matrix, and the strength of sound source of multiple equivalent source is obtained based on the multiple equivalent source model harmony pressure column vector matrix；Step S4: the acoustic pressure and particle vibration velocity on detected materials surface are rebuild according to the strength of sound source of the multiple equivalent source of acquisition；Step S5: according to the normal direction acoustic impedance for rebuilding obtained acoustic pressure and particle vibration velocity calculating detected materials surface.Compared with prior art, the present invention has many advantages, such as that precision is high, measurement environmental requirement is low, Simple portable is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of material acoustic impedance, in particular to a method and a device for measuring the acoustic impedance of a material surface.
Background
Conventional surface impedance measurement methods, such as transfer function measurement and standing wave ratio, require two microphones spaced apart from each other to be mounted on an impedance tube, and signals are collected in the impedance tube to measure corresponding parameters. These methods require measurements in impedance tubes and do not measure the sound absorption properties of the material under actual field conditions. In addition, the measurement requires cutting the material into specific pieces, which often cause damage to the material.
With the development of near-field acoustic holography technology, related impedance measurement methods are proposed. For example, the spatial two-dimensional fourier transform method is a method of measuring impedance of a material by acquiring sound pressure values on two parallel surfaces parallel to the surface of the material to be measured, calculating a reflection coefficient of the sound pressure values, and calculating an impedance value by using a relationship between the reflection coefficient and the impedance of the surface of the material. The method is an acoustic measurement method based on a fluctuating acoustic theory, and utilizes a near-field acoustic holography method to invert the omnidirectional acoustic reflection coefficient. The method measures the complex sound pressure distribution on two holographic surfaces between a sound source and a measured material, and obtains the plane wave sound reflection coefficient of the measured material at any incident angle through one-time measurement by utilizing spatial Fourier transform. Neither method causes damage to the material, but still requires measurements within the anechoic chamber environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for measuring acoustic impedance of a surface of a material, which overcomes the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for acoustic impedance measurement of a surface of a material, comprising:
step S1: constructing a measuring device: placing an active sound source above a material to be measured, arranging a microphone array in a region between the material to be measured and the active sound source and close to the material to be measured, wherein the microphone array comprises a plurality of microphone probes which are distributed in a spherical shape, and each microphone probe is a measuring point;
step S2: constructing a complex equivalent source model, and determining a complex equivalent source surface, wherein the complex equivalent source surface is a plane positioned between an active sound source and a microphone array, and N virtual point sound sources are arranged on the complex equivalent source surface;
step S3: acquiring a sound pressure signal by using a microphone array to obtain a sound pressure column vector matrix, and acquiring the sound source intensity of a complex equivalent source based on the complex equivalent source model and the sound pressure column vector matrix;
step S4: reconstructing the sound pressure and the particle vibration speed of the surface of the material to be detected according to the obtained sound source intensity of the complex equivalent source;
step S5: and calculating the normal acoustic impedance of the surface of the material to be measured according to the reconstructed material surface acoustic pressure and the particle vibration speed.
The source strength of the complex equivalent source in step S3 is specifically:
wherein Q is the sound source intensity of the complex equivalent source, i is the imaginary unit,ρ0is air density, c is sound velocity, k is wave number, PhIs a matrix of the column vectors of the sound pressures,being the transfer matrix between the complex equivalent source plane and the microphone array,to representA generalized inverse matrix.
The transfer matrix between the complex equivalent source plane and the microphone array is obtained by:
R＝|rh-rs|，
wherein r ishIs the position coordinate at the measuring point of the microphone array, rsIs the position coordinate of the virtual point sound source on the complex equivalent sound source surface.
Step S4 specifically includes: taking the surface of the material to be detected as a reconstruction surface, and acquiring the sound pressure and the particle vibration speed of the surface of the material to be detected according to the following formula:
wherein Q is the sound source intensity of the complex equivalent source, PrIs the sound pressure, V, of the surface of the material to be measuredRIs the particle vibration speed of the surface of the material to be measured, i is an imaginary number unit, rho0Air density, c sound velocity, k wave number,is a sound pressure transfer matrix between the complex equivalent source surface and the reconstruction surface, theta is the incident angle of the virtual point sound source on the surface of the material to be measured, omega is the angular frequency, ▽zIs a gradient vector.
Step S5, the normal acoustic impedance of the surface of the material to be measured is specifically:
wherein,z is the normal acoustic impedance of the surface of the material to be measured, PrIs the sound pressure, V, of the surface of the material to be measuredRThe particle vibration speed of the surface of the material to be measured.
The utility model provides a device for material surface acoustic impedance measurement, the device includes initiative sound source, microphone array, data acquisition card and computer, the initiative sound source arrange in the material top of awaiting measuring, the microphone array set up between material and the initiative sound source of awaiting measuring regional and press close to the material department of awaiting measuring and arrange, the microphone array include a plurality of microphone probes, microphone probe be globular distribution, every microphone probe is a measuring point, the microphone array connect data acquisition card, data acquisition card connect the computer, the computer include memory, treater to and save in the memory and by the procedure that the treater was executed, the treater execution realizes following step during the procedure:
(1) constructing a complex equivalent source model, and determining a complex equivalent source surface, wherein the complex equivalent source surface is a plane positioned between an active sound source and a microphone array, and N virtual point sound sources are arranged on the complex equivalent source surface;
(2) acquiring a sound pressure signal to obtain a sound pressure column vector matrix, and acquiring the sound source intensity of the active sound source based on the complex equivalent source model and the sound pressure column vector matrix;
(3) reconstructing the sound pressure and the particle vibration speed of the surface of the material to be detected according to the obtained complex equivalent sound source intensity;
(4) and calculating the normal acoustic impedance of the surface of the material to be measured according to the reconstructed material surface acoustic pressure and the particle vibration speed.
The source strength of the complex equivalent source is specifically as follows:
wherein Q is the sound source intensity of the complex equivalent source, and i is the imaginary unit，ρ0Is air density, c is sound velocity, k is wave number, PhIs a matrix of the column vectors of the sound pressures,being the transfer matrix between the complex equivalent source plane and the microphone array,to representA generalized inverse matrix.
The transfer matrix between the complex equivalent source plane and the microphone array is obtained by:
R＝|rh-rs|，
wherein r ishIs the position coordinate at the measuring point of the microphone array, rsIs the position coordinate of the virtual point sound source on the complex equivalent sound source surface.
The step (3) is specifically as follows: taking the surface of the material to be detected as a reconstruction surface, and acquiring the sound pressure and the particle vibration speed of the surface of the material to be detected according to the following formula:
wherein Q is the sound source intensity of the complex equivalent source, PrIs the sound pressure, V, of the surface of the material to be measuredRIs the particle vibration speed of the surface of the material to be measured, i is an imaginary number unit, rho0Air density, c sound velocity, k wave number,is a sound pressure transfer matrix between the complex equivalent source surface and the reconstruction surface, theta is the incident angle of the virtual point sound source on the surface of the material to be measured, omega is the angular frequency, ▽zIs a gradient vector.
The normal acoustic impedance of the surface of the material to be tested in the step (4) is specifically as follows:
wherein Z is the normal acoustic impedance of the surface of the material to be measured, PrIs the sound pressure, V, of the surface of the material to be measuredRThe particle vibration speed of the surface of the material to be measured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the complex equivalent source method has strong directivity, is more accurate when sound field fitting is carried out, and has smaller error of the result of the measured material surface acoustic impedance.
2. The near-field acoustic holography technology based on the complex equivalent source method is used, the sound pressure and the vibration speed on the surface of the material are reconstructed more accurately, a anechoic chamber is not needed for measuring the environment, and the acoustic impedance on the surface of the material is effectively measured in a complex field environment.
3. The microphone array device is optimized and improved, is light and portable, is simpler and easier to measure, is convenient for measuring personnel to measure the acoustic impedance of the surface of a material in a complex place, and improves the efficiency of measurement work.
4. The measurement in an impedance tube is not needed, and the damage to the material to be measured is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the actual measurement error of the method of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
101 is a microphone probe; 102 is a microphone array support; 103 is a device bracket; 104 is an active sound source; 105 is a data acquisition card; 106 is a computer.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
A method for acoustic impedance measurement of a surface of a material, comprising:
step S1: constructing a measuring device: placing an active sound source above a material to be measured, arranging a microphone array in a region between the material to be measured and the active sound source and close to the material to be measured, wherein the microphone array comprises a plurality of microphone probes which are distributed in a spherical shape, and each microphone probe is a measuring point;
step S2: constructing a complex equivalent source model, and determining a complex equivalent source surface, wherein the complex equivalent source surface is a plane positioned between an active sound source and a microphone array, and N virtual point sound sources are arranged on the complex equivalent source surface;
step S3: acquiring a sound pressure signal by using a microphone array to obtain a sound pressure column vector matrix, and acquiring the sound source intensity of a complex equivalent source based on the complex equivalent source model and the sound pressure column vector matrix;
step S4: reconstructing the sound pressure and the particle vibration speed of the surface of the material to be detected according to the obtained sound source intensity of the complex equivalent source;
step S5: and calculating the normal acoustic impedance of the surface of the material to be measured according to the reconstructed material surface acoustic pressure and the particle vibration speed.
The source strength of the complex equivalent source in step S3 is specifically:
wherein Q is the sound source intensity of the complex equivalent source, i is the imaginary unit, ρ0Is air density, c is sound velocity, k is wave number, PhIs a matrix of the column vectors of the sound pressures,being the transfer matrix between the complex equivalent source plane and the microphone array,to representA generalized inverse matrix.
The transfer matrix between the complex equivalent source plane and the microphone array is obtained by:
R＝|rh-rs|，
wherein r ishIs the position coordinate at the measuring point of the microphone array, rsIs the position coordinates of a virtual point source on a complex equivalent source plane, where rsIn the form of a complex number.
Step S4 specifically includes: taking the surface of the material to be detected as a reconstruction surface, and acquiring the sound pressure and the particle vibration speed of the surface of the material to be detected according to the following formula:
wherein Q is the sound source intensity of the complex equivalent source, PrIs the sound pressure, V, of the surface of the material to be measuredRIs the particle vibration speed of the surface of the material to be measured, i is an imaginary number unit, rho0Air density, c sound velocity, k wave number,is a sound pressure transfer matrix between the complex equivalent source surface and the reconstruction surface, theta is the incident angle of the virtual point sound source on the surface of the material to be measured, omega is the angular frequency, ▽zIs a gradient vector.
Step S5, the normal acoustic impedance of the surface of the material to be measured is specifically:
wherein Z is the normal acoustic impedance of the surface of the material to be measured, PrIs the sound pressure, V, of the surface of the material to be measuredRThe particle vibration speed of the surface of the material to be measured.
As shown in fig. 2, a device for measuring acoustic impedance on a material surface, the device comprises a device support, an active sound source, a microphone array, a data acquisition card and a computer, wherein the active sound source is arranged above a material to be measured, the microphone array is arranged in an area between the material to be measured and the active sound source and is arranged close to the material to be measured, the microphone array comprises a plurality of microphone probes, the microphone probes are distributed spherically, each microphone probe is a measuring point and is supported by the microphone array support, the active sound source and the microphone array are fixedly supported by the device support, the microphone array is connected with the data acquisition card, the data acquisition card is connected with the computer, the computer comprises a memory, a processor and a program which is stored in the memory and executed by the processor, the processor implements the following steps when executing the program:
(1) constructing a complex equivalent source model, and determining a complex equivalent source surface, wherein the complex equivalent source surface is a plane positioned between an active sound source and a microphone array, and N virtual point sound sources are arranged on the complex equivalent source surface;
(2) acquiring a sound pressure signal to obtain a sound pressure column vector matrix, and acquiring the source intensity of a complex equivalent source based on the complex equivalent source model and the sound pressure column vector matrix;
(3) reconstructing the sound pressure and the particle vibration speed of the surface of the material to be detected according to the obtained complex equivalent source intensity;
(4) and calculating the normal acoustic impedance of the surface of the material to be measured according to the reconstructed material surface acoustic pressure and the particle vibration speed.
Steps (1) to (4) correspond to the method for measuring the acoustic impedance of the surface of the material described above and are not described in detail here.
As shown in fig. 1, the active sound source S of the present embodiment is placed above the surface of the material (0,0,0.3m), and the interfering sound source is located above the surface of the material (0.35m,0.35m,0.25 m). The measuring array is a microphone array shown in figure 1, the distances between two spherical tangent planes of the microphone array and the material to be measured are 0.03m and 0.01m respectively, and the measuring point interval is 0.05 m. White gaussian noise was added to simulate the actual measured sound pressure with a signal to noise ratio of 30 dB. The equivalent sources are distributed on a cube face with the side length of 0.39m 0.16m, the interval between the adjacent equivalent sources is 0.05m, and 210 equivalent sources are provided. To quantitatively evaluate the method of the invention, the calculation error is defined as:
wherein Z iscalIs the surface acoustic impedance mean value, Z, of 41 points on the surface of the materialtrTheoretical surface acoustic impedance.
As shown in FIG. 3, the monopole is used as an active sound source, the error is within 10% in the frequency range of 500-4000 Hz, and the measurement precision and stability are good.
Claims (10)
1. A method for measuring acoustic impedance of a surface of a material, comprising:
step S1: constructing a measuring device: placing an active sound source above a material to be measured, arranging a microphone array in a region between the material to be measured and the active sound source and close to the material to be measured, wherein the microphone array comprises a plurality of microphone probes which are distributed in a spherical shape, and each microphone probe is a measuring point;
step S2: constructing a complex equivalent source model, and determining a complex equivalent source surface, wherein the complex equivalent source surface is a plane positioned between an active sound source and a microphone array, and N virtual point sound sources are arranged on the complex equivalent source surface;
step S3: acquiring a sound pressure signal by using a microphone array to obtain a sound pressure column vector matrix, and acquiring the sound source intensity of a complex equivalent source based on the complex equivalent source model and the sound pressure column vector matrix;
step S4: reconstructing the sound pressure and the particle vibration speed of the surface of the material to be detected according to the obtained sound source intensity of the complex equivalent source;
step S5: and calculating the normal acoustic impedance of the surface of the material to be measured according to the reconstructed material surface acoustic pressure and the particle vibration speed.
2. The method for measuring acoustic impedance of a material surface according to claim 1, wherein the sound source intensity of the complex equivalent source in step S3 is specifically:
wherein Q is the sound source intensity of the complex equivalent source, i is the imaginary unit, ρ0Is air density, c is sound velocity, k is wave number, PhIs a matrix of the column vectors of the sound pressures,being the transfer matrix between the complex equivalent source plane and the microphone array,to representA generalized inverse matrix.
3. A method for acoustic impedance measurement of a surface of a material according to claim 2, where the transfer matrix between the complex equivalent source plane and the microphone array is obtained by:
R＝|rh-rs|，
wherein r ishIs the position coordinate at the measuring point of the microphone array, rsIs the position coordinate of the virtual point sound source on the complex equivalent sound source surface.
4. The method for measuring acoustic impedance of a surface of a material according to claim 1, wherein step S4 is specifically as follows: taking the surface of the material to be detected as a reconstruction surface, and acquiring the sound pressure and the particle vibration speed of the surface of the material to be detected according to the following formula:
wherein Q is the sound source intensity of the complex equivalent source, PrIs the sound pressure, V, of the surface of the material to be measuredRIs the particle vibration speed of the surface of the material to be measured, i is an imaginary number unit, rho0Air density, c sound velocity, k wave number,is a sound pressure transfer matrix between a complex equivalent source surface and a reconstruction surface, theta is the incident angle of a virtual point sound source on the surface of the material to be measured, omega is angular frequency,is a gradient vector.
5. The method for measuring acoustic impedance of a material surface according to claim 1, wherein the normal acoustic impedance of the material surface to be measured in step S5 is specifically:
wherein Z is the normal acoustic impedance of the surface of the material to be measured, PrIs the sound pressure, V, of the surface of the material to be measuredRThe particle vibration speed of the surface of the material to be measured.
6. The utility model provides a device for material surface acoustic impedance measurement, its characterized in that, the device includes initiative sound source, microphone array, data acquisition card and computer, the initiative sound source arrange in the material top of awaiting measuring, the microphone array set up between material and the initiative sound source of awaiting measuring regional and press close to the material department of awaiting measuring and arrange, the microphone array include a plurality of microphone probes, microphone probe be globular distribution, every microphone probe is a measuring point, the microphone array connect data acquisition card, data acquisition card connect the computer, the computer include memory, treater to and save in the memory and by the procedure that the treater was executed, the treater execution realize following step during the procedure:
(1) constructing a complex equivalent source model, and determining a complex equivalent source surface, wherein the complex equivalent source surface is a plane positioned between an active sound source and a microphone array, and N virtual point sound sources are arranged on the complex equivalent source surface;
(2) acquiring a sound pressure signal to obtain a sound pressure column vector matrix, and acquiring the sound source intensity of the active sound source based on the complex equivalent source model and the sound pressure column vector matrix;
(3) reconstructing the sound pressure and the particle vibration speed of the surface of the material to be detected according to the obtained complex equivalent sound source intensity;
(4) and calculating the normal acoustic impedance of the surface of the material to be measured according to the reconstructed material surface acoustic pressure and the particle vibration speed.
7. The device for measuring the acoustic impedance of the surface of the material according to claim 6, wherein the complex equivalent source strength is specifically:
wherein Q is the sound source intensity of the complex equivalent source, i is the imaginary unit,ρ0is air density, c is sound velocity, k is wave number, PhIs a matrix of the column vectors of the sound pressures,being the transfer matrix between the complex equivalent source plane and the microphone array,to representA generalized inverse matrix.
8. An apparatus for acoustic impedance measurement of a surface of a material according to claim 7 wherein the transfer matrix between the complex equivalent source plane and the microphone array is obtained by:
R＝|rh-rs|，
wherein r ishIs the position coordinate at the measuring point of the microphone array, rsIs the position coordinate of the virtual point sound source on the complex equivalent sound source surface.
9. The apparatus for measuring acoustic impedance of a surface of a material according to claim 1, wherein the step (3) is specifically: taking the surface of the material to be detected as a reconstruction surface, and acquiring the sound pressure and the particle vibration speed of the surface of the material to be detected according to the following formula:
wherein Q is the sound source intensity of the complex equivalent source, PrIs the sound pressure, V, of the surface of the material to be measuredRIs the particle vibration speed of the surface of the material to be measured, i is an imaginary number unit, rho0Air density, c sound velocity, k wave number,is a sound pressure transfer matrix between a complex equivalent source surface and a reconstruction surface, theta is the incident angle of a virtual point sound source on the surface of the material to be measured, omega is angular frequency,is a gradient vector.
10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the normal acoustic impedance of the surface of the material to be measured in step (4) is specifically:
wherein Z is the normal acoustic impedance of the surface of the material to be measured, PrIs the sound pressure, V, of the surface of the material to be measuredRThe particle vibration speed of the surface of the material to be measured.
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