CN103575808B - Based on the high real-time quantitative supersonic detection method of multi-angle Stereo matching - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of high real-time quantitative supersonic detection method based on multi-angle Stereo matching.Characterize ability for the meticulous quantification of current ultrasonic detection equipment defect and detect the serious bottlenecks existed between real-time, specimen grating to be checked is formatted by the basic thought that first the present invention quotes finite element, then multiple ultrasonic transducer be arranged in respectively in space in different azimuth is adopted to carry out exposure cage unit successively, then on the basis obtaining channel ultrasonic reflection echo signal, utilize the multiresolution Stereo matching based on wavelet transformation to associate, achieve the flexible shifting relation coordinated the meticulous quantification of defect and characterize ability and detect between real-time.The present invention acquires the ultrasonic reflection echoed signal of multi-angle, has quantity of information and carries complete advantage, is more conducive to realizing quantification and detects.Owing to adopting the ultimate principle of wavelet transformation, the present invention has multiresolution and time domain and frequency domain combined analysis ability, is particularly suitable for the time frequency signals such as such as ultrasound wave.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to industrial ultrasonic detection technique field, relate to a kind of high real-time quantitative supersonic detection method based on multi-angle Stereo matching.
Background technology
Pipeline material, as a kind of finished product raw material of economy, is widely applied to as in the middle of shipping industry, biomedicine, automobile, petrochemical complex, civil construction and municipal water supply air supply system etc. and human being's production and closely bound up industry of living.But along with the growth of tenure of use, the factors such as corrosion and fatigue add pipeline and occur to leak the possibility of even exploding.Therefore, be extremely necessary that adopting ultrasonic non-destructive inspection techniques to carry out implements factory testing and in-service monitoring of tools to tubing, reduces the loss of human life and the property surprisingly caused.
Ultrasonic NDT is an ancient subject, is developed into the quantitative measurement technology reached its maturity at present by initial qualitative detection.Ultrasonic qualitative detection utilizes ultrasonic pulse-echo method to obtain A sweep waveform, the rough position of whether existing defects and defect on operating personnel roughly judge according to A sweep oscillogram and experience; And using ultrasonic quantitative to detect be based on A sweep waveform, coordinate the scanning form of various machinery, define that test specimen to be checked is horizontal, the two-dimensional imaging result of longitudinal section, be i.e. the scintigram such as B, C, S.Along with computer software and hardware ground development, imaging resolution is more and more higher, although two dimensional image can reflect shape, the size of defect to a certain extent, its some aspect existed is not enough, does not also reach the requirement of people for the quantitatively characterizing that becomes more meticulous.These are not enough, and aspect main manifestations is, first, due to ultrasonic transducer quantity, location arrangements and scanning mode, determine ultrasonic transducer and only receive from the echoed signal on single direction, and the sign of above-mentioned imaging results also just to some cross sections; If defect has certain volume, so carry incomplete to the side of defect and the information of bottom surface, low to the overall quantification degree of defect.The second, adopt ultrasonic scanning tomograph imaging method, accurately can characterize volume flaw, as patent " ultrasound superficial tissue and organ volume scan tomograph imaging method " (number of patent application is CN201210197253.3); But echotomography scanning imagery is based on repeatedly B(or C) basis of scintigram is formed by stacking, inevitable consuming time, also need more storage hardware.Visible, the meticulous sign of quantification of defect extracts the process of feature-rich information; And the process inevitable at substantial time to the collection of mass data, process and analysis, lose and detect real-time.Exactly because there is this serious restricting relation with detection real-time in the quantification that defect characterizes, extravagantly hope that a kind of method can possess high real-time simultaneously and strong quantification ability is unpractical, only have the relation of effective coordination between them, just can obtain gratifying effect.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to propose a kind of high real-time quantitative supersonic detection method based on multi-angle Stereo matching, characterizes to realize flexible Ultrasonic Detection quantification of coordinating and detects relation shifting between real-time.
Technical matters of the present invention is solved by following technical scheme:
Based on the high real-time quantitative supersonic detection method of multi-angle Stereo matching, should comprise the following steps:
Step (1). test specimen to be checked is divided into the adjustable grid cell of size, rebuilds the elementary cell characterized with material as defect.
Step (2). two or more ultrasonic transducers of in space, different azimuth being arranged, adjustment ultrasonic transducer attitude, the acoustic beam of each ultrasonic transducer is only converged in grid cell space, and every a branch of sound wave to converge to from surface of ultrasonic transducer the sound path that grid cell experiences consistent.
Step (3). encourage each ultrasonic transducer, according to step (2) requirement, the sound wave that they send is by the maximum sound field of corresponding grid cell place forming energy simultaneously.
Step (4). utilize the channel ultrasonic detecting instrument of bus-type card insert type, carry out the ultrasonic reflection echoed signal on real-time sampling and each passage of process simultaneously.
Step (5). adopt the multiresolution Stereo matching based on wavelet transformation to associate, obtain and the acoustic characteristic of grid cell is characterized, then coordinate upper mechanical scanning, and then carry out exosyndrome material with a series of such grid cell and even rebuild inherent vice.
Step (6). application data visualization technique, realizes the real-time characterization display of defect.
Described in step (1), test specimen to be checked is divided into the adjustable grid cell of size, its concrete methods of realizing is as follows: first, treats and inspects part and carry out stress and strain model, investigate the real-time of detection system according to the coarse resolution of acquiescence; If under meeting the prerequisite of result display real-time, by segmenting grid further, ultrasonic meticulous quantification can be improved on the whole and characterizes ability; When result display real-time is not good enough, by reducing the grid division resolution in region of loseing interest in, while making to improve real-time experience, in area-of-interest, higher quantification is still kept to characterize ability.
Two or more ultrasonic transducers of in space, different azimuth being arranged described in step (2), its concrete methods of realizing is as follows: two ultrasonic transducers, then in a plane, be placed in X-axis, Y direction respectively; Three ultrasonic transducers, be then placed in X-axis, Y-axis, Z-direction respectively; If ultrasonic transducer quantity is more than three, then, above test specimen to be checked, ultrasonic transducer is arranged into circle; Settle ultrasonic transducer in the manner described above, can being convenient to meet every a branch of sound wave described in step (2), to converge to from surface of ultrasonic transducer the sound path that grid cell experiences consistent.In addition, the acoustic beam of each ultrasonic transducer described in step (2) only converges in grid cell space, and its concrete methods of realizing is as follows: ultrasound wave has directive property, and its energy major part propagated is at spread angle
scope in.According to the spread angle of ultrasonic transducer
with the distance of surface of ultrasonic transducer from target grid cell
, can the beam width of computation grid place xsect
.Beam width
compare with the size marking off grid cell in step (1), by adjustment surface of ultrasonic transducer from the distance of target grid cell, make beam width
be less than the size of grid cell, thus realize multi beam sound wave and only converge in grid cell space.
Formula 1 is:
, can the half-angle of spread be calculated; Wherein,
represent the half-angle of spread,
represent wavelength,
represent effective wafer diameter of ultrasonic transducer.
Formula 2 is:
, can the beam width of computation grid place xsect; Wherein,
represent beam width,
represent the half-angle of spread,
represent the distance of surface of ultrasonic transducer from grid cell.
The multi-channel detection instrument of bus-type card insert type described in step (4), its concrete ingredient comprises: based on the 6U cabinet of PXI bus, x86 mainboard, and polylith single channel Ultrasonic Detection board.This many card structures realize parallel transmission, the Storage and Processing of channel ultrasonic reflection echo signal.In theory, 256 conventional Ultrasound sense channels should be extended at most based on the channel ultrasonic detecting instrument of PXI bus.Single channel Ultrasonic Detection board wherein comprises: ultrasound emission exciting circuit, ultrasonic reflection echoed signal gain soft readjustment circuit, and ultrasonic reflection echo signal sample and digital signal processing unit; By ultrasound emission exciting circuit generation high voltage narrow pulse pumping signal, be loaded into ultrasonic transducer and make it forced vibration and produce ultrasound wave; Ultrasonic reflection echo is input to ultrasonic reflection echoed signal gain soft readjustment circuit after being converted to electric signal by ultrasonic reception transducer, main realization is improved signal SNR and improve flaw echoes amplitude; Echoed signal after analog gain adjustment will be sampled by AD, and be input to one piece of field programmable gate array (FPGA); All digital signal processings will realize with parallel pipeline form in FPGA, substantially increase the real-time of signal transacting.
The multiresolution Stereo matching based on wavelet transformation described in step (5) associates, and its concrete methods of realizing is as follows: application wavelet transformation technique carries out Multiresolution Decomposition to each channel ultrasound reflection echo signal; According to the correlative study achievement of Logan theorem and Mallat, the signal zero crossing after utilizing wavelet decomposition on each subband carrys out the characteristic of characterization signal; Combine the characteristic parameter that the signal zero crossing after the wavelet decomposition of multiple passage associates as Stereo matching, realize differentiating the correlativity of the ultrasonic reflection echoed signal of same grid cell different directions and merging, and then utilize the different directions defect grid characterization result with correlativity to reconstruct the quantitative informations such as the size of defect, shape and orientation.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is mainly manifested in:
1, characterize ability for the meticulous quantification of current ultrasonic detection equipment defect and detect the serious bottlenecks existed between real-time, adopt the method for the invention flexiblely can coordinate shifting relation therebetween, develop into a kind of high real-time quantitative supersonic detection method.
2, the method for the invention quantity of information is carried complete, is more conducive to realizing quantification and detects.
3, the method for the invention has multiresolution and time domain and frequency domain combined analysis ability, is particularly suitable for the process to time frequency signals such as ultrasound waves.
4, the method for the invention processes multi channel signals with the collection of parallel pipeline form, and each passage finally only retains a zero crossing feature carries out follow-up Stereo matching, possesses significant detectability in real time.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the high real-time quantitative supersonic detection method based on multi-angle Stereo matching.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the concrete case study on implementation of the method for the invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of ultrasonic transducer multi-angle arrangement.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of ultrasonic transducer radiation acoustic beam.
Fig. 5 is the frame diagram of channel ultrasonic detecting instrument of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that the multiresolution Stereo matching based on wavelet transformation of the present invention associates.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
As shown in Figure 1, the general flow based on the high real-time quantitative supersonic detection method of multi-angle Stereo matching comprises, and: S1 represents test specimen to be checked is divided into the adjustable grid cell of size, rebuilds the elementary cell characterized with material as defect; In space, different azimuth to be arranged two or more ultrasonic transducers, adjustment ultrasonic transducer attitude, the acoustic beam of each ultrasonic transducer is only converged in grid cell space, and every a branch of sound wave to converge to from surface of ultrasonic transducer the sound path that grid cell experiences consistent; S2 represents each ultrasonic transducer of excitation, and the sound wave that they send is by the maximum sound field of corresponding grid cell place forming energy; S3 represents sound field and grid interaction back reflection ultrasound echo signal; S4 represents the channel ultrasonic detecting instrument utilizing bus-type card insert type, can carry out the ultrasonic reflection echoed signal on real-time sampling and each passage of process simultaneously; S5 adopts the multiresolution Stereo matching based on wavelet transformation to associate, obtain and the acoustic characteristic of grid cell is characterized, coordinate upper mechanical scanning again, repeat S2 ~ S5 process and scan other grid successively, and then carry out exosyndrome material with a series of such grid cell and even rebuild inherent vice; S6 application data visualization technique, realizes the real-time display of testing result;
The schematic diagram of the concrete case study on implementation of the method for the invention as shown in Figure 2.In figure, ultrasonic transducer quantity is more than three, therefore above test specimen to be checked, ultrasonic transducer is arranged into circle, is convenient to make every a branch of sound wave to converge to from surface of ultrasonic transducer the sound path that grid cell experiences consistent.If only use three ultrasonic transducers, then ultrasonic transducer 1,2,3 is placed in X-axis, Y-axis, Z-direction respectively, three ultrasonic transducers and test specimen to be checked 4 are according to arranging as shown in Figure 3.
For making the acoustic beam of each ultrasonic transducer only converge in grid cell space, need roughly to calculate the width of acoustic beam in cross section, grid place, circular is as follows, below the parameter that comprises in formula as shown in Figure 4.
Formula 1 is:
, can the half-angle of spread be calculated; Wherein,
represent the half-angle of spread,
represent wavelength,
represent effective wafer diameter of ultrasonic transducer.
Formula 2 is:
, can the beam width of computation grid place xsect; Wherein,
represent beam width,
represent the half-angle of spread,
represent the distance of surface of ultrasonic transducer from grid cell.
Be the channel ultrasonic detecting instrument that in Fig. 1, S4 is used as shown in Figure 5, its concrete ingredient comprises: based on 6U cabinet 5, the x86 mainboard 6 of PXI bus, and polylith single channel Ultrasonic Detection board 7.This many card structures realize parallel transmission, the Storage and Processing of channel ultrasonic reflection echo signal.In theory, 256 conventional Ultrasound sense channels should be extended at most based on the channel ultrasonic detecting instrument of PXI bus.Single channel Ultrasonic Detection board 7 wherein comprises: ultrasound emission exciting circuit 8, ultrasonic reflection echoed signal gain soft readjustment circuit 9, and ultrasonic reflection echo signal sample and digital signal processing unit 10; There is high voltage narrow pulse pumping signal by ultrasound emission exciting circuit 8, be loaded into ultrasonic transducer and make it forced vibration and produce ultrasound wave; Ultrasonic reflection echo is input to ultrasonic reflection echoed signal gain soft readjustment circuit 9 after being converted to electric signal by ultrasonic reception transducer, main realization is improved signal SNR and improve flaw echoes amplitude; Echoed signal after analog gain adjustment will sampled by AD, and be input to one piece of field programmable gate array (FPGA); All digital signal processings will realize with parallel pipeline form in FPGA, substantially increase the real-time of signal transacting.
The multiresolution Stereo matching based on wavelet transformation as shown in Figure 6 associates, and its concrete methods of realizing is as follows: application wavelet transformation technique carries out Multiresolution Decomposition to each channel ultrasound reflection echo signal; According to the correlative study achievement of Logan theorem and Mallat, the signal zero crossing after utilizing wavelet decomposition on each subband carrys out the characteristic of characterization signal; Combine the characteristic parameter that the signal zero crossing after the wavelet decomposition of multiple passage associates as Stereo matching, realize differentiating the correlativity of the ultrasonic reflection echoed signal of same grid cell different directions and merging, and then utilize the different directions defect grid characterization result with correlativity to reconstruct the quantitative informations such as the size of defect, shape and orientation.
Claims (4)
1., based on the high real-time quantitative supersonic detection method of multi-angle Stereo matching, its feature comprises the following steps in the method:
Step (1). test specimen to be checked is divided into the adjustable grid cell of size, rebuilds the elementary cell characterized with material as defect; Test specimen to be checked is divided into the adjustable grid cell of size, and its concrete methods of realizing is as follows:
First, treat according to the coarse resolution of acquiescence and inspect part and carry out stress and strain model, investigate the real-time of detection system; If under meeting the prerequisite of result display real-time, by segmenting grid further, improving ultrasonic meticulous quantification on the whole and characterizing ability; When result display real-time is not good enough, by reducing the grid division resolution in region of loseing interest in, while making to improve real-time experience, in area-of-interest, higher quantification is still kept to characterize ability;
Step (2). two or more ultrasonic transducers of in space, different azimuth being arranged, adjustment ultrasonic transducer attitude, the acoustic beam of each ultrasonic transducer is only converged in grid cell space, and every a branch of sound wave to converge to from surface of ultrasonic transducer the sound path that grid cell experiences consistent;
Step (3). encourage each ultrasonic transducer, according to step (2) requirement, the sound wave that they send is by the maximum sound field of corresponding grid cell place forming energy simultaneously;
Step (4). utilize the channel ultrasonic detecting instrument of bus-type card insert type, carry out the ultrasonic reflection echoed signal on real-time sampling and each passage of process simultaneously;
Step (5). adopt the multiresolution Stereo matching based on wavelet transformation to associate, obtain and the acoustic characteristic of grid cell is characterized, then coordinate upper mechanical scanning, and then carry out exosyndrome material with a series of such grid cell and even rebuild inherent vice;
The described multiresolution Stereo matching based on wavelet transformation associates, and its concrete methods of realizing is as follows:
Application wavelet transformation technique carries out Multiresolution Decomposition to each channel ultrasound reflection echo signal; Signal zero crossing after utilizing wavelet decomposition on each subband carrys out the characteristic of characterization signal; Combine the characteristic parameter that the signal zero crossing after the wavelet decomposition of multiple passage associates as Stereo matching, realize differentiating the correlativity of the ultrasonic reflection echoed signal of same grid cell different directions and merging, and then utilize the different directions defect grid characterization result with correlativity to reconstruct the quantitative information of defect size, shape and orientation;
Step (6). application data visualization technique, realizes the real-time characterization display of defect.
2. the high real-time quantitative supersonic detection method based on multi-angle Stereo matching according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: two or more ultrasonic transducers of in space, different azimuth being arranged described in step (2), its concrete methods of realizing is as follows:
Two ultrasonic transducers, be then placed in X-axis, Y direction respectively in a plane; Three ultrasonic transducers, be then placed in X-axis, Y-axis, Z-direction respectively; If ultrasonic transducer quantity is more than three, then, above test specimen to be checked, ultrasonic transducer is arranged into circle; Settle ultrasonic transducer in the manner described above, meeting every a branch of sound wave described in step (2), to converge to from surface of ultrasonic transducer the sound path that grid cell experiences consistent.
3. the high real-time quantitative supersonic detection method based on multi-angle Stereo matching according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the acoustic beam of each ultrasonic transducer described in step (2) only converges in grid cell space, and its concrete methods of realizing is as follows:
Ultrasound wave has directive property, and its energy major part propagated is in the scope of spread angle 2 θ; According to spread angle 2 θ of ultrasonic transducer and the surface of ultrasonic transducer distance l from target grid cell, the beam width d of computation grid place xsect; The size marking off grid cell in beam width d and step (1) is compared, by the distance l of adjustment surface of ultrasonic transducer from target grid cell, make beam width d be less than the size of grid cell, thus realize multi beam sound wave and only converge in grid cell space;
Wherein
d=2tan (θ) l, λ represent wavelength, and D represents effective wafer diameter of ultrasonic transducer.
4. the high real-time quantitative supersonic detection method based on multi-angle Stereo matching according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the multi-channel detection instrument of bus-type card insert type described in step (4), its concrete ingredient comprises:
Based on the 6U cabinet of PXI bus, x86 mainboard, and polylith single channel Ultrasonic Detection board; This many card structures realize parallel transmission, the Storage and Processing of channel ultrasonic reflection echo signal; Single channel Ultrasonic Detection board wherein comprises: ultrasound emission exciting circuit, ultrasonic reflection echoed signal gain soft readjustment circuit, and ultrasonic reflection echo signal sample and digital signal processing unit; By ultrasound emission exciting circuit generation high voltage narrow pulse pumping signal, be loaded into ultrasonic transducer and make it forced vibration and produce ultrasound wave; Ultrasonic reflection echo is input to ultrasonic reflection echoed signal gain soft readjustment circuit after being converted to electric signal by ultrasonic reception transducer, realize improving signal SNR and improving flaw echoes amplitude; Echoed signal after analog gain adjustment will be sampled by AD, and be input to one piece of on-site programmable gate array FPGA; All digital signal processings will realize with parallel pipeline form in FPGA.
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EP3482390B1 (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2021-09-08 | Insightec Ltd. | Systems and methods for ensuring coherence between multiple ultrasound transducer arrays |
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CN1693889A (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-11-09 | 通用电气公司 | Method of ultrasonically inspecting airfoils |
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