Pantograph fatigue test device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of pantograph test devices, in particular to a pantograph fatigue test device.
Background
The pantograph is an electrical device that an electric traction locomotive obtains electric energy from a catenary, and is mounted on the top of a locomotive or a motor car. The pantograph can be divided into a single-arm pantograph and a double-arm pantograph, and comprises a carbon slide plate, an upper frame, a lower arm rod (a lower frame for the double-arm pantograph), a bottom frame, a pantograph lifting spring, a transmission cylinder, a supporting insulator and the like. In order to ensure smooth flow of traction current, a certain contact pressure is required between the pantograph and the contact line, and the static contact pressure is generally 70N or 90N.
As the train is continuously accelerated, the running environment of the vehicle is more and more severe, the vibration between the pantograph and the overhead contact system is more and more intense, the random vibration load borne by the pantograph is rapidly increased, and the problem of vibration fatigue of the pantograph, which is easily ignored in the past, is increasingly displayed, so that the problem of vibration fatigue of the pantograph is more and more widely paid attention. In order to more accurately and efficiently predict the random vibration fatigue life of the pantograph, the research of the random vibration fatigue test of the pantograph is of great significance. The method ensures safe and reliable operation of the vehicle, reduces accidents, can improve the design level of the pantograph, prolongs the service life, enhances the competitiveness of high-speed vehicles in China in the international market, and has profound theoretical significance, great application value and economic benefit.
At present, a pantograph test stand commonly equipped in a railway system in China is mostly of an artificial type or a semi-automatic type, has complex test operation, and cannot quickly, accurately and conveniently test the fatigue performance of the pantograph. The lifting device (CN 201420806305.7) of the pantograph test stand can drive the winding drum to drive the steel wire rope to move by means of forward and reverse rotation of the motor, the steel wire rope is contacted with the carbon sliding plate of the pantograph to simulate the loading of a circuit bow net, the loosening and rope disorder phenomena of the steel wire rope are effectively prevented, the tight contact between the steel wire rope and the carbon sliding plate of the pantograph is ensured, but the forward and reverse rotation of the motor can only simulate the processes of lifting and lowering the pantograph of the pantograph, the continuous process of the current receiving flow of the pantograph cannot be simulated, and the random vibration load transmitted to the pantograph by a contact net cannot be simulated. A pressure arm type pantograph test stand (CN 201120107183.9) can well test the tension, the position, the height and a test piece characteristic curve of a pantograph, and the test result is more accurate, but the test stand can only be used for detecting the actual stress and the characteristic curve of the pressure arm type pantograph, and cannot apply friction force and random vibration excitation to the pantograph.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pantograph fatigue test device which can effectively simulate the real stress state of a pantograph on a line and reproduce the fatigue failure process of the pantograph.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the pantograph fatigue test device comprises a simulated pantograph lifting mechanism, a pantograph head and an actuator, wherein a tripod support of the simulated pantograph lifting mechanism is fixed with the ground, the tail end of a pantograph lifting air bag is connected with an outlet of an air electromagnetic valve through an air pipeline, and an inlet of the air electromagnetic valve is connected with a cylinder of an air compressor through the air pipeline; the front side and the rear side of the simulation arch lifting mechanism are respectively provided with a second upright post type bracket and a first upright post type bracket, a connecting line between the two upright post type brackets is taken as a central axis, the left side of the first upright post type bracket is provided with a speed regulating motor, and a rotating shaft of the speed regulating motor is fixed with a driving pulley through a flat key; the side wall of the first upright type support in the direction opposite to the second upright type support is provided with a cantilever pulley seat, a fixed pulley is fixed with the cantilever pulley seat through a wheel shaft, and the shaft of the driving pulley is matched with the two shafts of the fixed pulley through a hinge; the side wall of the second upright post type bracket in the direction opposite to the first upright post type bracket is provided with a cantilever pulley seat, and a driven pulley is fixed with the cantilever pulley seat through a wheel shaft; an actuator is arranged between the front of the simulated bow lifting mechanism and the second upright post type bracket, a pulley block mounting seat is arranged at the top of the actuator, and the pulley block is fixed with the pulley block mounting seat through the upright post type bracket; an annular steel rope is arranged between the driving pulley and the driven pulley, and a carbon slide plate of a pantograph head is arranged below the annular steel rope and is combined with an actuator of the random vibration test bed through a fixed pulley block.
The annular steel cable is an annular steel cable, one end of the annular steel cable is wound on the first driving pulley and is driven by being pressed by the fixed pulley and the driving pulley, and the other end of the annular steel cable is wound on the driven pulley. The lower part of the annular steel cable also bypasses the pulley block and is contacted with the carbon sliding plate of the pantograph. The driving pulley and the fixed pulley are fixed through a hinge, and a gap between the driving pulley and the fixed pulley is in interference fit with the annular steel cable.
The end part of the arch lifting air bag is connected with an air pipeline, the other end of the air pipeline is connected with an air cylinder, an air electromagnetic valve is arranged on the air pipeline, and an air compressor is arranged above the air cylinder.
The pulley block is provided with two small pulleys, the small pulleys are hinged with a pulley block base through rotating shafts arranged up and down respectively, and the annular steel cable is positioned between the two small pulleys and is in clearance fit.
Further, the annular steel cable is wound on the driving pulley and the driven pulley to be tightened to generate tension, the speed regulating motor rotates to enable the rotating shaft and the driving pulley to generate rotation moment, and the driving pulley and the fixed pulley press the annular steel cable to generate rotation friction force to drive the annular steel cable to do rotation motion. The two small pulleys of the pulley block are tangent to the annular steel cable and are in clearance fit, random vibration excitation in the vertical direction, the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction is generated by an actuator of the vibrating table and transmitted to the annular steel cable through the pulley block, the random vibration excitation in the vertical direction, the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction is line actual measurement excitation, the stress states of the pantograph and the overhead contact system can be truly simulated, and the annular steel cable generates disturbance under the action of the random vibration excitation and then is transmitted to the pantograph through the carbon sliding plate. The revolving path of the annular steel cable is kept unchanged under the induction of the fixed pulley, the driving pulley, the driven pulley and the pulley block, so that the phenomena of loosening, wheel climbing and wheel jumping are effectively prevented.
The air compressor charges the air cylinder to ensure the air pressure in the air cylinder. The pantograph lifting air bag is inflated and exhausted under the control of the air electromagnetic valve, high-pressure gas enters the pantograph lifting air bag during inflation, the pantograph lifting air bag compresses the pantograph lifting spring, at the moment, the pantograph lifting spring enables the lower arm rod and the lower guide rod to rotate, the upper arm rod, the upper guide rod and the carbon sliding plate are lifted, the pantograph ascends at a constant speed, the high-pressure gas in the pantograph lifting air bag is rapidly discharged to the atmosphere through the pantograph buffer valve during the pantograph lifting, and the acting force of the pantograph lifting spring is overcome under the action of the pantograph lifting spring, so that the pantograph descends rapidly. The force bearing process of the pantograph and the annular steel cable in the process of lifting and lowering the pantograph is simulated through the inflation and deflation of the pantograph lifting air bag.
The invention relates to a pantograph fatigue test device, wherein a fixed pulley and a driven pulley are arranged between upright posts, a driving pulley is arranged on a speed regulating motor, a pulley block is arranged on a vibrating table actuator, the end of a pantograph lifting air bag is connected with an air cylinder, and an annular steel rope is vertically arranged on a pantograph carbon slide plate after bypassing the driving pulley, the fixed pulley, the driven pulley and the pulley block. The deflection of the annular steel cable is adjusted by adjusting the distance between the two upright post brackets, so that the static contact pressure of the pantograph is controlled. The air cylinder is used for charging and discharging the bow-lifting air bag to control the bow lifting and the bow lowering, the speed regulating motor is used for regulating the rotating speed to drive the annular steel cable to do rotary motion, and the actuator of the vibrating table is used for applying random vibration excitation in the vertical direction, the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction to the pulley block. Random vibration excitation in the vertical direction, the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction is transmitted to the annular steel cable through the pulley block to simulate real vibration of the overhead line system. The annular steel cable and the carbon sliding plate of the pantograph generate dynamic friction and transmit random vibration in the vertical direction, the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction to the pantograph, so that the real stress condition of the pantograph is simulated more truly, the revolving path of the annular steel cable is kept unchanged under the induction of the fixed pulley, the driving pulley, the driven pulley and the pulley block, and the phenomena of loosening, wheel climbing and wheel jumping are effectively prevented. In addition, the air compressor can charge the air cylinder, and the charging and discharging of the pantograph lifting air bag is electrically controlled through the air electromagnetic valve, so that the lifting and the lowering of the pantograph are realized, and the movement and the stress state of the pantograph and the contact net in the process of lifting the pantograph are truly reproduced. The pantograph fatigue test device truly and effectively simulates the fatigue process of the pantograph in the whole service process, and is simple in equipment, convenient to install, convenient to adjust, convenient to control and convenient to load.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a rear elevational view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a left side wheel of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a pantograph lifting mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the right pulley and actuator configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a pulley block structure according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the pantograph fatigue test device comprises a simulated pantograph lifting mechanism 1, a pantograph head and an actuator 12, wherein a tripod support of the simulated pantograph lifting mechanism 1 is fixed with the ground, the tail end of a pantograph lifting air bag 13 is connected with an outlet of an air electromagnetic valve 16 through an air pipeline, and an inlet of the air electromagnetic valve 16 is connected with a cylinder 15 of an air compressor 14 through the air pipeline; the front side and the rear side of the simulation bow lifting mechanism 1 are respectively provided with a column type bracket II 9 and a column type bracket I8, a connecting line between the two column type brackets is taken as a central axis, the left side of the column type bracket I8 is provided with a speed regulating motor 7, and a rotating shaft of the speed regulating motor 7 is fixed with a driving pulley 6 through a flat key; the side wall of the direction opposite to the upright post type bracket I8 and the upright post type bracket II 9 is provided with a cantilever pulley seat 17, the fixed pulley 4 is fixed with the cantilever pulley seat 17 through a wheel shaft, and the shaft of the driving pulley 6 is matched with the two shafts of the fixed pulley 4 through a hinge and is horizontally arranged; the side wall of the upright post type bracket II 9 in the direction opposite to the upright post type bracket I8 is provided with a cantilever pulley seat 17, and the driven pulley 5 is fixed with the cantilever pulley seat 17 through a wheel shaft; an actuator 12 is arranged between the front of the simulated bow lifting mechanism and the second upright post type bracket 9, a pulley block mounting seat 11 is arranged at the top of the actuator 12, and a pulley block 10 is fixed with the pulley block mounting seat 11 through the upright post type bracket; an annular steel cable 3 is arranged between the driving pulley 6 and the driven pulley 5, and a carbon slide plate 2 of a pantograph head is arranged below the annular steel cable 3 and is combined with an actuator 12 of the random vibration test bed through a fixed pulley block 10.
Further, the endless steel cable 3 is stretched by winding on the driving pulley 6 and the driven pulley 5 to generate tension, the speed regulating motor 7 rotates to enable the rotating shaft and the driving pulley 6 to generate rotation moment, and the driving pulley 6 and the fixed pulley 4 press the endless steel cable 3 to generate rotation friction force to drive the endless steel cable 3 to do rotation motion. The two small pulleys of the pulley block 10 are tangent to the annular steel cable 3 and are in clearance fit, random vibration excitation in the vertical direction, the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction is generated by an actuator 12 of the vibrating table and transmitted to the annular steel cable 3 through the pulley block 10, the random vibration excitation is line actual measurement excitation, the stress states of the pantograph and the overhead contact line can be truly simulated, and the annular steel cable 3 generates disturbance under the action of the random vibration excitation and then is transmitted to the pantograph through the carbon sliding plate 2. The revolving path of the annular steel cable 3 is kept unchanged under the induction of the fixed pulley 4, the driving pulley 6, the driven pulley 5 and the pulley block 10, so that the phenomena of loosening, wheel climbing and wheel jumping are effectively prevented. The air compressor 14 charges the cylinder 15, and ensures the air pressure in the cylinder 15. The movement and stress process of the circular steel rope 3 in the pantograph lifting and lowering process is simulated by the inflation and deflation of the pantograph lifting air bags 13.
According to the pantograph fatigue test device, a fixed pulley and a driven pulley are arranged on a stand column type support, a driving pulley is arranged on a speed regulating motor, a pulley block is arranged on a vibrating table actuator, an air cylinder is connected to the end part of a pantograph lifting air bag, and an annular steel rope is vertically placed on a pantograph carbon slide plate after bypassing the driving pulley, the driven pulley and the pulley block. The deflection of the annular steel cable is adjusted by adjusting the distance between the two upright post brackets, so that the static contact pressure of the pantograph is controlled. The air cylinder is used for inflating and exhausting the arch lifting air bag to control the arch lifting and the arch lifting, the rotating speed of the annular steel cable is regulated by the speed regulating motor to drive the annular steel cable to do rotary motion, and the actuator of the vibrating table is used for applying random vibration excitation to the pulley block. The random vibration excitation is transmitted to the annular steel cable through the pulley block to simulate the real vibration of the contact net. The annular steel cable and the carbon sliding plate of the pantograph generate dynamic friction and transmit random vibration to the pantograph, so that the real stress condition of the pantograph is simulated more truly, the revolving path of the annular steel cable is kept unchanged under the induction of the fixed pulley, the driving pulley, the driven pulley and the pulley block, and the phenomena of loosening, wheel climbing and wheel jumping are effectively prevented. In addition, the air compressor can charge the air cylinder, and the charging and discharging of the pantograph lifting air bag is electrically controlled through the air electromagnetic valve, so that the lifting and the lowering of the pantograph are realized, and the movement and the stress state of the pantograph and the contact net in the process of lifting the pantograph are truly reproduced. The pantograph fatigue test device truly and effectively simulates the fatigue process of the pantograph in the whole service process, and is simple in equipment, convenient to install, convenient to adjust, convenient to control and convenient to load.
Before the experiment, the annular steel cable is passed through the gap between two small pulleys of the pulley block before the pulley is assembled and assembled, and is wound on the driving pulley and the driven pulley. And then fixing the fixed pulley on the first column type support and hinging with the driving pulley, hinging two small pulleys of the pulley block and fixing the fixed pulley on an installation seat of the actuator through bolts, and fixing the driven pulley on the second column type support. Starting an air compressor to start to charge the air cylinder until the air pressure of the air cylinder reaches a preset value, and completing the charging. Then the electric control air solenoid valve is opened, the air cylinder starts to charge the pantograph lifting air bag, high-pressure air enters the pantograph lifting air bag, the pantograph lifting air bag compresses the pantograph descending spring, at the moment, the pantograph lifting spring enables the lower arm rod and the lower guide rod to rotate, the upper arm rod, the upper guide rod and the carbon sliding plate are lifted, and the pantograph ascends at a constant speed. After the lifting of the bow is finished, an electric signal is fed back according to the air pressure of the lifting bow air bag, and the air electromagnetic valve is automatically closed. And then the deflection of the annular steel cable is regulated by regulating the distance between the two upright supports, so that the static contact pressure (generally 70N or 90N) of the pantograph is controlled, the smaller the distance between the two upright supports is, the larger the deflection of the annular steel cable is, and the larger the static contact pressure of the carbon sliding plate of the pantograph is, and otherwise, the smaller the static contact pressure of the carbon sliding plate of the pantograph is. After static contact pressure adjustment is finished, the pantograph is lowered, an electric control pantograph buffer valve is opened, high-pressure gas is rapidly discharged to the atmosphere through the pantograph buffer valve, the acting force of a pantograph lifting spring is overcome under the action of the pantograph lowering spring, the pantograph is rapidly lowered, the pantograph lowering is finished, and the pantograph returns to the original position.
After the static contact pressure is regulated and the pantograph returns to the original position, the speed regulating motor and the random vibration test bed can be started to start the test, the rotating shaft of the speed regulating motor generates a rotating moment to drive the driving pulley and the annular steel rope to do rotating motion, and simultaneously, the fixed pulley, the driven pulley and the two small pulleys of the pulley block start to rotate under the driving of the annular steel rope. The revolving path of the annular steel cable is kept unchanged under the induction of the fixed pulley, the driving pulley, the driven pulley and the pulley block, so that the phenomena of loosening, wheel climbing and wheel jumping are effectively prevented. Meanwhile, the actuator of the random vibration test bed generates random vibration excitation in the vertical direction, the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction of an actual contact net, and the random vibration excitation is transmitted to the annular steel cable through the pulley block, and the annular steel cable is subjected to disturbance excitation from the pulley block while performing rotary motion. The electric control air solenoid valve is opened, high-pressure gas in the cylinder enters a pantograph lifting air bag of the pantograph, the pantograph lifting air bag compresses a pantograph descending spring, at the moment, the pantograph lifting spring enables a lower arm rod and a lower guide rod to rotate, an upper arm rod, an upper guide rod and a carbon sliding plate are lifted, the pantograph is lifted at a constant speed, and the carbon sliding plate is contacted with an annular steel rope to start simulating a current receiving process. The annular steel cable transmits friction force and random vibration load in the vertical direction, the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction to the carbon slide plate of the pantograph, and then the carbon slide plate transmits the random vibration load to the pantograph. The speed regulating motor continuously drives the annular steel rope to simulate the whole process of receiving flow, the pantograph buffer valve is electrically controlled to be opened after the process of receiving flow is finished, high-pressure gas in the pantograph lifting air bag is rapidly discharged to the atmosphere through the pantograph buffer valve, and under the action of the pantograph lowering spring, the acting force of the pantograph lifting spring is overcome, so that the pantograph is rapidly lowered. The pantograph is separated from the annular steel rope, one cycle action of the pantograph is completed, the cycle is repeated, the fatigue test is continued until the pantograph is lowered after an expected test result is obtained, the speed regulating motor, the random vibration test bed and the air compressor are closed, and the test is finished.
The described embodiments of the invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application, but any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements that can be made by those skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the appended claims.