CN110081916A - 一种光纤传感器系统中光放大器噪声的抑制装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种光纤传感器系统中光放大器噪声的抑制装置及方法 Download PDF

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CN110081916A
CN110081916A CN201910226912.3A CN201910226912A CN110081916A CN 110081916 A CN110081916 A CN 110081916A CN 201910226912 A CN201910226912 A CN 201910226912A CN 110081916 A CN110081916 A CN 110081916A
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高晓文
张自丽
汪樟海
葛辉良
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715th Research Institute of CSIC
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    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
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    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35383—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using multiple sensor devices using multiplexing techniques
    • G01D5/3539—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using multiple sensor devices using multiplexing techniques using time division multiplexing

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种光纤传感器系统中光放大器噪声的抑制装置及方法。包括：光源、脉冲调制器A、光放大器、脉冲调制器B、探测器、传感器阵列。利用脉冲调制器A形成脉冲光信号，该脉冲光信号经光放大器后接入脉冲调制器B，对脉冲调制器B施加特定的调制信号，可以抑制光放大器的ASE光强度，以降低光放大器噪声对系统噪声的影响。本发明仅在常规的光纤传感器阵列中增加一个脉冲调制器，具有结构简单，易于控制等优点，能有效提高光纤传感器阵列的噪声性能。

Description

一种光纤传感器系统中光放大器噪声的抑制装置及方法
技术领域
本发属于光纤传感器系统，主要是一种光纤传感器系统中光放大器噪声的抑制装置及方法。
背景技术
为了弥补单个光纤传感器的探测能力不足，实现宽频带、大范围、高精度的目标探测，光纤传感器多以阵列形式应用。但随着阵列规模的增加，阵列中的各类光学损耗也随之增加，对此一般多采用光学放大的手段进行补偿，确保各阵元的输出光功率满足探测要求。在采用了光放大器的光纤传感器阵列中，光放大器的自发辐射(ASE)噪声会引起光纤传感器相位噪声的恶化，这是由于光放大器的ASE光粒子具有随机非相干性，会与信号光产生拍频形成拍频噪声，引起光干涉信号的强度变化，并最终通过解调算法转化为相位噪声。经解调系统转换后，ASE光与信号光的拍频噪声引起的系统相对强度噪声的功率谱密度为[1]：
式中PRR是探测器端接收到的光电流，Ss-sp为输出信号中光放大器的ASE光与信号光的拍频噪声功率谱密度[2]：
Ss-sp＝8IiIspG/B0 (2)
式中Ii为信号光入射光放大器的等效光电流，Isp为光发大器ASE光的等效光电流，G是光放大器增益，B0是系统光学带宽。将式(2)代入式(1)：
可以看到，光放大器ASE噪声对系统噪声的影响与信号光光功率及光发大器ASE光功率有关。
在光纤传感器阵列中，信号光通过时分复用阵列时，信号光被平均分配至各个阵元，即信号光光功率下降至原有光功率的1/N，N为光纤传感器阵列的时分复用度。而与之对应，ASE光经过时分阵列在光电探测器中形成干涉信号时，ASE光经过了分束、叠加，其光功率与光放大器输出端的ASE光功率相同。即信号光通过时分复用阵列后，信号光光功率下降，ASE光功率无变化，结合式(3)，光放大器ASE光与信号光的拍频噪声引起的系统相对强度噪声的功率谱密度如下：
光放大器的ASE噪声引起的系统噪声恶化，其功率谱密度与时分复用度成正比，在一些大规模光纤传感器阵列中，光放大器的ASE噪声已成为系统的主要噪声源之一，需要通过噪声抑制方案进行噪声优化。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的不足，而提供一种光纤传感器系统中光放大器噪声的抑制装置及方法，针对目前光纤传感器阵列中，光放大器ASE光与信号光的拍频噪声引起的系统相对强度噪声随系统时分复用度恶化的问题，本发明通过改变光路设计和增加对光源的调制，抑制光放大器的ASE光强度，以降低光放大器ASE噪声对系统噪声的影响。
本发明的目的是通过如下技术方案来完成的。一种光纤传感器系统中光放大器噪声的抑制装置，主要包括光源、脉冲调制器A、光放大器、脉冲调制器B、探测器和传感器阵列，其中
光源，用于输出信号光；
脉冲调制器A，用于将光源发出的信号光调制成脉冲信号；
光放大器，用于将调制后的脉冲信号进行光功率放大；
脉冲调制器B，用于将光放大器输出的信号光进行第二次调制；
探测器，用于将干涉后的传感器信号进行光电转换；
传感器阵列包括若干传感器探头；
所述光源发出的信号光接入所述脉冲调制器A，信号光经脉冲调制器A调制后接入所述光放大器进行光功率放大，光放大器的输出接入所述脉冲调制器B，所述脉冲调制器B的输出接入传感器阵列，传感器的输出信号接入所述探测器。
本发明同时公开了一种光纤传感器系统中光放大器噪声的抑制方法，将光源发出的信号光接入脉冲调制器A调制成脉冲信号，信号光经脉冲调制器A调制后接入光放大器进行光功率放大，将光放大器输出的脉冲光信号接入脉冲调制器B，对脉冲调制器施加调制信号进行第二次调制，以抑制光放大器的ASE光强度；脉冲调制器B的输出接入传感器阵列，传感器的输出信号接入探测器，将经过脉冲调制器B后的脉冲光进入传感器阵列，传感器阵列的输出信号接入光电探测器，经探测器光电转换后，通过光学相干检测方法获取信息；
所述脉冲调制器A施加的信号为脉冲信号，脉冲周期为t，脉冲宽度为t1，脉冲调制器B施加的信号为脉冲信号，脉冲周期为t，脉冲宽度为t2；脉冲调制器B施加的脉冲信号的脉冲宽度t2等于脉冲调制器A施加的脉冲信号的脉冲宽度t1；脉冲调制器B施加的脉冲信号的与脉冲调制器A施加的脉冲信号之间的时间延迟为t3：
其中，n为系统所用光纤折射率，L为脉冲调制器A与脉冲调制2之间的光纤长度，C为光速，Δt为光脉冲经过光放大器的时延。
本发明的有益效果为：通过在光放大器之后增加一个光脉冲调制器，并对该脉冲调制器施加特定的调制信号，有效抑制了光放大器的ASE光强度，降低光放大器噪声对系统噪声的影响，具有结构简单，易于控制等优点，能有效提高光纤传感器阵列的噪声性能。
附图说明
图1是本发明中光纤传感器阵列光放大器噪声抑制系统示意图。
图2是脉冲调制器A和脉冲调制器B的调制信号示意图。
图3是本发明的一个实施例得到的ASE噪声抑制效果图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明做详细的介绍：
实施例：如图1所示，为本实施例记载了一种光纤传感器阵列中的光放大器噪声的抑制装置及方法，光源发出的信号光接入脉冲调制器A调制成脉冲信号，脉冲信号接入光放大器进行光功率放大，光放大器的输出接入脉冲调制器B进行第二次调制，输出脉冲光接入传感器阵列，传感器的输出信号接入光电探测器，经光电转换后，通过光学相干检测方法获取信息。
本实施例中，两个脉冲调制器施加的调制信号如图2所示：
1)脉冲调制器A施加的信号为脉冲信号，脉冲周期为t，脉冲宽度为t1，脉冲调制器B施加的信号为脉冲信号，脉冲周期为t，脉冲宽度为t2。
2)脉冲调制器B施加的脉冲信号的脉冲宽度为t2等于脉冲调制器A施加的脉冲信号的脉冲宽度为t1。
3)脉冲调制器B施加的脉冲信号的与脉冲调制器A施加的脉冲信号之间的时间延迟为t3：
其中，n为系统所用光纤折射率，L为脉冲调制器A与脉冲调制器B之间的光纤长度，C为光速，Δt为光脉冲经过光放大器的时延。
经过上述脉冲调制器B的调制，脉冲光信号进入传感器阵列，经探测器光电转换后，通过光学相干检测方法获取信息。脉冲调制器B的调制能有效抑制光放大器的ASE光强度，降低光放大器ASE噪声对系统噪声的影响。
本实施例中，光放大器ASE噪声抑制前后的系统噪声测试结果如图3所示。图中，红色虚线为采用了上述光放大器噪声抑制方法后的系统噪声测试结果，与蓝色实线的无噪声抑制下系统相位噪声测试结果相比，1kHz处噪声优化5dB，ASE噪声对系统噪声的影响得到了明显抑制。
最后，需要注意的是，公布实施例的目的是在于帮助进一步理解本发明，但是本领域的技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本发明及所附的权利要求的精神和范围内，各种替换和修改都是可能的，因此本发明不应局限于实施例所公开的内容，本发明要求保护的范围以权利要求书界定的范围为准。

Claims (2)

1.一种光纤传感器系统中光放大器噪声的抑制装置，其特征在于：主要包括光源、脉冲调制器A、光放大器、脉冲调制器B、探测器和传感器阵列，其中
光源，用于输出信号光；
脉冲调制器A，用于将光源发出的信号光调制成脉冲信号；
光放大器，用于将调制后的脉冲信号进行光功率放大；
脉冲调制器B，用于将光放大器输出的信号光进行第二次调制；
探测器，用于将干涉后的传感器信号进行光电转换；
传感器阵列包括若干传感器探头；
所述光源发出的信号光接入所述脉冲调制器A，信号光经脉冲调制器A调制后接入所述光放大器进行光功率放大，光放大器的输出接入所述脉冲调制器B，所述脉冲调制器B的输出接入传感器阵列，传感器的输出信号接入所述探测器。
2.一种采用如权利要求1所述的光纤传感器系统中光放大器噪声的抑制装置的方法，其特征在于：将光源发出的信号光接入脉冲调制器A调制成脉冲信号，信号光经脉冲调制器A调制后接入光放大器进行光功率放大，将光放大器输出的脉冲光信号接入脉冲调制器B，对脉冲调制器施加调制信号进行第二次调制，以抑制光放大器的ASE光强度；脉冲调制器B的输出接入传感器阵列，传感器的输出信号接入探测器，将经过脉冲调制器B后的脉冲光进入传感器阵列，传感器阵列的输出信号接入光电探测器，经探测器光电转换后，通过光学相干检测方法获取信息；
所述脉冲调制器A施加的信号为脉冲信号，脉冲周期为t，脉冲宽度为t1，脉冲调制器B施加的信号为脉冲信号，脉冲周期为t，脉冲宽度为t2；脉冲调制器B施加的脉冲信号的脉冲宽度t2等于脉冲调制器A施加的脉冲信号的脉冲宽度t1；脉冲调制器B施加的脉冲信号的与脉冲调制器A施加的脉冲信号之间的时间延迟为t3：
其中，n为系统所用光纤折射率，L为脉冲调制器1与脉冲调制2之间的光纤长度，C为光速，Δt为光脉冲经过光放大器的时延。
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