CN110080194A - Explore pressure injection instrument and its application - Google Patents
Explore pressure injection instrument and its application Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110080194A CN110080194A CN201910359283.1A CN201910359283A CN110080194A CN 110080194 A CN110080194 A CN 110080194A CN 201910359283 A CN201910359283 A CN 201910359283A CN 110080194 A CN110080194 A CN 110080194A
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- feeler lever
- pressure
- chuck
- power
- equipment
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
- E02D1/02—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work
- E02D1/022—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work by investigating mechanical properties of the soil
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2250/00—Production methods
- E02D2250/003—Injection of material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2600/00—Miscellaneous
- E02D2600/10—Miscellaneous comprising sensor means
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of exploration pressure injection instrument.It includes stress equipment and power-equipment, and the stress equipment includes connector arrangement and pressure proposes system, and the connector arrangement includes pressure sensor and chuck, and the pressure sensor is fixed on the chuck and is placed between the chuck and the power-equipment；It includes feeler lever, probing rod joint and conehead or augers that the pressure, which proposes system,；The chuck is stuck on the feeler lever or probing rod joint, and the power-equipment is stretched out in described feeler lever one end upwards, the other end is connected with by inner prop and conehead plug；The feeler lever is hollow structure.Pressure sensor of the present invention is placed between chuck and power-equipment, and feeler lever hollow structure is without cable, and conehead can be detached from the features such as feeler lever, and pressure sensor is not easy moisture damage, expansible trial stretch and grouting sealing of hole, simple and efficient to handle.The invention also discloses the applications of exploration pressure injection instrument.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to exploration equipment technical fields, specifically say it is exploration pressure injection instrument.It more specifically says it is quiet
On the basis of power cone penetrometer, change pressure sensor position, probe can be detached from feeler lever, in feeler lever hollow no cable exploration pressure injection
Instrument.The invention further relates to the applications of exploration pressure injection instrument.
Background technique
Static penetrometer is common exploring equipment, can be passed according to the force snesor pressure in probe by cable
It is defeated to arrive surface recorder；Instantly it commonly uses there are two types of probes, wherein single bridge probe acquisition static point resistance, two-bridge probe can also be according to side
Wall friction sleeve acquires sidewall friction power.Stratum can be divided according to recorder translated data, determine building bearing capacity and change
Shape modulus estimates the work such as bearing capacity of single pile.Since the equipment is light, quick, the advantages that data precision human interference is few, in force
In the real work of Chinese second bottom, probe can more than 40 rice of depth of penetration reach in medium coarse sand, application prospect is extensive.
Existing application No. is 201210166353X, patent names are as follows: " a kind of detection method of static penetrometer ", master
Wanting feature is: (1) increasing deviational survey, temperature measuring equipment in former static sounding；(2) it is wirelessly transferred probe data.
It is existing application No. is: 2017113743881, patent name are as follows: " a kind of static penetrometer " is mainly characterized by preventing
Only feeler lever stress is glanced off, is bent.
Existing application No. is 201720248341X, patent names are as follows: " one kind pulls out formula cone penetration test on studying
The model test apparatus of mechanism ", be mainly characterized by: (1) using tension sensor, (2) do not understand its geomery of popping one's head in；
(3) its effect is to obtain drawing resistance, and need to further study the relationship with physical and mechanical parameter.
But static penetrometer compares important is probe, cable rapid wear there is also certain deficiency and is difficult to sealing of hole problem: the
One, probe is most precision instrument in equipment, usually poorly sealed because of loss, and then core sensor dampness is caused to reduce insulation
Resistance or even electric bridge cannot balance, and test job can not carry out；The cable of connection probe transmission data is located in quiet feeler lever, because
Need of work is usually bent repeatedly, and with feeler lever friction and vulnerable equipment；Second, since aperture is generally 4cm hereinafter, often
Rule method is difficult to sealing of hole, and the surveys such as the river dike for having sealing of hole requirement is caused to be difficult to be utilized.
Therefore, now need to research and develop a kind of exploration pressure injection instrument for being hardly damaged, grouting sealing of hole can be achieved and its application.
Summary of the invention
The first object of the present invention is to provide for a kind of exploration pressure injection instrument, and the present invention explores pressure injection instrument main feature are as follows:
Pressure sensor is placed between chuck and power-equipment, and feeler lever is hollow structure, and conehead can be detached from feeler lever；Based on features above,
Pressure sensor is set to be not easy moisture damage, expansible trial stretch and grouting sealing of hole, it is simple and efficient to handle；Present device is without easy
Damage precision probe, the stratum such as chance gravelly sand, medium coarse sand containing gravel can also be aided with vibration equipment more than ground when necessary and enter centainly
Depth acquires pressure data again, and same formation depth of penetration should be more than static penetrometer.
The second object of the present invention be to provide for exploration pressure injection instrument application, with pressure sensor be placed in ground or more,
The hollow no cable of feeler lever and conehead can be detached from based on feeler lever, can be integrated realization and be utilized conehead, feeler lever or augers and sand
Between resistance collect Mechanical Data；Water filling data are collected using movable conehead；Sealing of hole, grouting are realized using conehead can be detached from.
In order to realize the first purpose of aforementioned present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: exploration pressure injection instrument, feature exist
In: including stress equipment and power-equipment, the stress equipment includes connector arrangement and pressure proposes system, and the connector arrangement includes
Pressure sensor and chuck, the pressure sensor are fixed on the chuck and are located at the chuck and the power-equipment
Between；It includes feeler lever, probing rod joint and conehead or augers that the pressure, which proposes system,；It is set in the middle part of the feeler lever and probing rod joint
Fluted, the chuck is stuck on the feeler lever or probing rod joint, and the power-equipment, bottom end are stretched out in the feeler lever top upwards
It plugs and connects with the conehead；The feeler lever and the probing rod joint are hollow structure.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, in the middle part of the feeler lever and probing rod joint middle part is all provided with fluted, and the chuck is fastened on
In the groove；The feeler lever and probing rod joint pass through screwed connection.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the conehead includes that cone, cone column and inner prop, the cone column lower end and the cone are same
Heart connection, upper end and the inner prop is concentric is connected；The cone column diameter is greater than the inner column diameter；The cone column diameter with it is described
Cone base diameter is equal and equal with the feeler lever outer diameter.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the inner prop includes the first inner prop and the second inner prop；First inner prop is cylindrical,
Second inner prop is in the variable diameter column structure that bottom is gradually expanded.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the cone angle of the cone is 60 °；The conehead is steel conehead.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, transparent chuck slot, the chuck slot width are disposed on the chuck
Greater than the recess width and it is less than the feeler lever diameter；The pressure sensor is in disc structure, in the pressure sensor
Portion is disposed with transparent pressure sensor groove, and the pressure sensor recess width is greater than the feeler lever diameter；It is described
Pressure sensor and the chuck concentric contact, and be fixedly connected by bolt with the chuck；The chuck slot width is small
In the pressure sensor recess width, and the two corresponds to contact.
In order to realize the second purpose of aforementioned present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the exploration pressure injection instrument is answered
With, it is characterised in that: for acquiring sand, soil layer Mechanical Data, sand, soil layer permeation data are acquired, sand, earthy are restored and improve
Condition.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, when being applied to acquisition sand, soil layer Mechanical Data, including acquisition vertical bearing capacity of single pile
Or static point resistance is individually acquired, and acquisition disturbance soil classifiction；
1) it acquires vertical bearing capacity of single pile or static point resistance includes the following steps:
When work, feeler lever is positioned proximal to ground, the first inner prop from the circular hole placed in the middle of power-equipment by fixed power-equipment
It is embedded in feeler lever internal diameter from bottom to up and falls within ground with feeler lever is vertical together；Chuck is stuck on groove, and pressure sensor is located at card
Above disk, top surface be in close contact power-equipment bottom surface, receive the pressure of power-equipment, pressure be transferred to pressure and mentions in system and remembers
Data variation is recorded, which is vertical bearing capacity of single pile；
After reaching predetermined depth, the overturning of chuck device is placed in power-equipment top surface, pressure sensor is in close contact power and sets
Standby top surface, chuck are located above pressure sensor, and chuck is stuck on groove, receive the upper pressure-raising power of power-equipment, drive feeler lever
Uplink, conehead are enclosed native frictional force and are detached from, and pressure sensor collects the variation that data are feeler lever skin-friction force at this time；
When individually acquisition static point resistance, it is pressed into the same vertical bearing capacity of single pile of step, difference is conehead without cone column, cone
Base diameter is greater than feeler lever diameter；After reaching test hole depth, above mentioning the stage does not record pressure data；
2) acquisition disturbance soil classifiction includes the following steps:
When work, fixed power-equipment, augers by screwed connection in the feeler lever lower end, augers is driven
The circular hole placed in the middle of power equipment is placed in ground, top connection feeler lever, and rotation pierces certain depth, is by power-equipment and linking
Augers is mentioned on system to earth's surface, removes drill bit and feeler lever core；Augers is put to bottom hole again, using manpower or equipment,
Creep into 2cm~5cm depth；Chuck is stuck on groove；Pressure sensor is located at below chuck and top surface is in close contact power and sets
Standby top surface, receives the upper pressure-raising power of power-equipment, and upper pressure-raising power is transferred to pressure and mentions in system and records data variation；
After removing core, continue putting hole subdrilling into 5cm~10cm depth, continuation is aforementioned above to be mentioned, records, removing core step
Suddenly；
Drilling 10cm~20cm depth is carried out again, continuation is aforementioned above to be mentioned, records, removing core step, and so on；
Using different disturbed soil thickness datas and the variation of recorder pressure data are broken, shearing strength index of correlation is calculated；
When not needing to collect test data only Auger drilling coring, when pressure proposes system drilling 5cm~50cm depth,
It above proposes primary pressure and proposes system, after breaking the soil body continue that the system that mentions will be pressed to put to bottom hole Auger drilling 5cm~50cm, be again stepped up and cut
It breaks ground body and tripping in bottom hole, until when upper pressure-raising power is close to the power-equipment power limit, pressure is proposed into system and proposes earth's surface and clears up
Augers and feeler lever adhere to core；Proceed to bottom hole drilling, lifting step to predetermined hole depth.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, when being applied to acquisition sand, soil layer permeation data, include the following steps,
Step 1: method of press-fitting when acquisition permeability data is pressed into step phase with the acquisition vertical bearing capacity of single pile
Together, the difference is that: use the inner prop of conehead for the second inner prop；
Step 2: when conehead arrival needs water injection test position, upper pressure-raising proposes system, and the height above mentioned is 2~5cm, cone
Head is partially disengaged feeler lever in the case where enclosing native frictional force effect；Test section is filled to by earth's surface feeler lever internal diameter and temporally records flow,
Until water, which is stablized, completes water injection test；It pushes pressure and proposes system, be connected feeler lever with cone column, continue indentation test；
Step 3: data analysis uses: after water injection test obtains stable specific discharge, calculation method is according to including examination segment length
It spends, the data of examination section diameter, flow, level of ground water, existing formula is utilized to calculate permeation data.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, when being applied to restore and improve sand, earthy condition, including test inspecting hole sealing of hole and cone are visited
Grouting construction；
1) test inspecting hole sealing of hole includes the following steps:
After the completion of mechanical test, above mentioning feeler lever is detached from conehead, and inspecting hole middle and lower part uses mud or cement slurry, passes through funnel
Feeler lever hollow space is poured into, pull of vacuum when above mentioning by mud or cement slurry gravity and feeler lever reaches bottom hole；Lift portion
Length feeler lever；
Repeat aforementioned grouting and promotion feeler lever step；Ground is all proposed to feeler lever, and test is filled in using a small amount of mud ball and is visited
Hole aperture is pressed into designated depth using the feeler lever that power-equipment and bottom end are equipped with indent plug, promotes feeler lever；
Aforementioned operation is repeated, until mud ball is blocked to aperture；
2) Cone drilling construction procedure:
After pressing the system that mentions to reach projected depth, lifts part feeler lever, be detached from conehead, by design pressure slip casting；
After the section reaches design requirement, then mention one section of feeler lever, then slip casting；
Abovementioned steps are repeated, until completing aperture Cone drilling, and aperture are blocked using mud ball.
The power-equipment, platen, feeler lever, probing rod joint belong to the prior art.Pressure sensor requires to need because of size
It commissions, conehead need to be processed specially.
The present invention has the advantages that with respect to static penetrometer
(1) pressure sensor of the present invention be placed in ground or more be not easy moisture damage, in hole without accurate static(al) easy to damage
Without cable, economy and durability in feeler inspection probe, feeler lever；
(2) without cable in feeler lever of the present invention, special artificial, the operation of the present invention simplicity for arranging feeler lever and cable can be saved；
(3) pressure sensor of the present invention has the feature being placed at pressurized equipment and stress system convergence, normal in addition to completing
The effect that static penetrometer collects probe end resistance, side friction power is advised, power-equipment, pressure sensor and spiral shell can also be utilized
Rotary drill, feeler lever combination carry out the shear strength test of disturbed soil；
(4) conehead of the present invention has by the feature for enclosing native frictional force and feeler lever formation gap or disengaging, and inspecting hole tool is hollow
Feature without cable, the two combination can carry out water injection test, test inspecting hole sealing of hole, Cone drilling construction etc.；Overcome existing skill
The probe of the common static penetrometer of art is valuable, cannot be detached from feeler lever and feeler lever built in cable, can not voluntarily sealing of hole, cause
The suitable the shortcomings that of not being available using the engineering of static sounding such as dyke.
The relatively existing drilling equipment of the present invention has the advantages that in sand, soil investigation, exploration pressure injection instrument has land occupation
The advantages that range is small, time-consuming is short, and environmental pollution is small, and Coherent traffic noise is few.
The relatively existing hand drilling equipment of the present invention has the advantages that exploration pressure injection instrument has and replaces people using power-equipment
Work, which is put off, breaks the augers soil body, and can be repeated several times mention break with Auger drilling step, until dynamic close to power-equipment
The power limit reintroduces land clearing augers and feeler lever attachment sand soil characteristics, has many advantages, such as laborsaving, quick.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is work structure diagram when the present invention pushes.
Fig. 2 is enlarged drawing at the A of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is enlarged drawing at the B of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is enlarged drawing at the C of Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is work structure diagram when the present invention above mentions.
Fig. 6 is enlarged drawing at the A of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is enlarged drawing at the B of Fig. 5.
Fig. 8 is enlarged drawing at the C of Fig. 5.
Fig. 9 connect overlooking structure diagram with pressure sensor for chuck of the present invention.
Figure 10 connect side structure schematic view with pressure sensor for chuck of the present invention.
Figure 11 is that pressure sensor groove of the present invention and chuck slot are correspondingly connected with structural schematic diagram.
Figure 12 is water injection test work structure diagram of the present invention.
Figure 13 is shear strength test work structure diagram of the present invention.
Figure 14 is enlarged drawing at the A of Figure 13.
Figure 15 is enlarged drawing at the B of Figure 13.
Figure 16 is enlarged drawing at the C of Figure 13.
Figure 17 is the curve graph of resistance of the present invention and depth relationship.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 5 is respectively the two states of present invention exploration pressure injection instrument work: a kind of working condition be as shown in Figure 1,
Connector arrangement is located at pressure bar device hereinafter, pressure sensor is located on chuck in connector arrangement when pushing, closely connects with pressure bar device
Touching；Another working condition is the pressure sensing in connector arrangement as shown in figure 5, connector arrangement is located on pressure bar device when above mentioning
Device is located under chuck, is in close contact with pressure bar device；In two kinds of working conditions, pressure sensor is squeezed by pressure bar device and chuck
Pressure generates pressure data.
In Figure 17, abscissa is indicated: pressure value, unit are as follows: KN；Ordinate indicates: depth, unit are as follows: m；E indicates lithology
It is layered the 1st layer；F indicates that lithology is layered the 2nd layer；G indicates that lithology is layered the 3rd layer；H indicates that lithology is layered the 4th layer；J indicates lithology
It is layered the 5th layer；Friction resistance curve is mentioned in X expression；Y indicates Cone resistance+accumulative friction resistance curve；Z indicates static point resistance, cone
Difference or every lithology that resistance is Y and X are layered the difference of curve data average value.
1- stress equipment in figure, 1.1- connector arrangement, 1.11- pressure sensor, 1.111- pressure sensor groove,
1.12- chuck, 1.121- chuck slot, 1.122- chuck holding rod, 1.123- data line, 1.124- data line interface, 1.2- pressure
Proposing system, 1.21- feeler lever, 1.211- groove, 1.22- probing rod joint, 1.23- conehead, 1.231- cone, 1.232- bores column,
1.233- inner prop, the first inner prop of 1.2331-, the second inner prop of 1.2332-, 1.24- augers, 1.241- augers drilling rod,
2- power-equipment, 2.1- pressure bar device, 3- enclose soil.
Specific embodiment
The performance that the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but they and do not constitute a limitation of the invention, only
It is for example.Keep advantages of the present invention more clear by explanation simultaneously and is readily appreciated that.
Refering to known to attached drawing: exploration pressure injection instrument, including stress equipment 1 and power-equipment 2, the stress equipment 1 include rank
Welding system 1.1 and pressure propose system 1.2, and the connector arrangement 1.1 includes pressure sensor 1.11 and chuck 1.12, the pressure
Sensor 1.11 is fixed on the chuck 1.12 and is placed between the chuck 1.12 and the pressure bar device 2.1；The pressure mentions
System 1.2 includes feeler lever 1.21, probing rod joint 1.22 and conehead 1.23 or augers 1.24；1.21 middle part of the feeler lever and
Fluted 1.211 are all provided in the middle part of probing rod joint 1.22；The chuck 1.12 is stuck in the groove 1.211, chuck 1.12 can insert,
It pulls out；The drag data between pressure sensor reception conehead, feeler lever and the soil body can be achieved；The feeler lever 1.21 and probing rod joint 1.22
Pass through screwed connection；The power-equipment 2 is stretched out on 1.21 top of feeler lever upwards, bottom end passes through inner prop 1.233 and the cone
First 1.23 plug connection；Conehead 1.23, which is plugged by inner prop 1.233 to small distance, separates or is detached from feeler lever 1.21 (such as Fig. 1, figure
5, shown in Figure 12, Figure 13)；The feeler lever 1.21 and probing rod joint 1.22 are hollow structure.
Feeler lever central slot 1.211 is identical as 1.211 size of probing rod joint groove and is common setting, the reason is that power is set
Standby 2 hydraulic drive frame stroke is 50cm, and a corresponding feeler lever 1.21 plus 1.22 length of probing rod joint are 100cm；Feeler lever
Central slot 1.211 and the effect of probing rod joint groove 1.211 are fixed chucks 1.12；The plug of conehead 1.23 is connected to described
When the purpose of 1.21 lower end of feeler lever is that feeler lever 1.21 above mentions, conehead 1.23 is enclosed native 3 frictional force small distances and separates or be detached from, to be used for
The work such as water injection test, sealing of hole, grouting.
The conehead 1.23 includes cone 1.231, cone column 1.232 and inner prop 1.233,1.232 lower end of cone column and institute
State cone 1.231 connection, upper end and the inner prop 1.233 is concentric connect with one heart；1.232 diameter of cone column is greater than in described
1.233 diameter of column；1.232 diameter of cone column it is equal with 1.231 base diameter of cone and with outside the feeler lever 1.21
Diameter is equal (as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, shown in Fig. 5, Fig. 6)；When individually acquiring the data based on static point resistance, cancels cone column 1.232, increase
1.231 base diameter of big cone.
The inner prop 1.233 includes the first inner prop 1.2331 and the second inner prop 1.2332, the first inner prop and the second inner prop
Difference is that there are variable diameters by the latter, and length is long；First inner prop 1.2331 is cylindrical (as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2)；It is described
Second inner prop 1.2332 is in the variable diameter column structure (as shown in Figure 5, Figure 6) that is gradually expanded of bottom, and the above is thin cylinder, following
It is thick cylinder, after the completion of the purpose of intermediate variable diameter connection, projection is isosceles trapezoid, variable diameter and thick cylinder among it, is water injection test,
It is smoothly combined with cone column 1.232 when pushing feeler lever 1.21；First inner prop 1.2331 and the second inner prop 1.2332 and the cone
1.232 junction diameter of column is slightly less than 1.21 internal diameter of feeler lever.
When the present invention is for using the inner prop 1.233 of conehead 1.23 for the first inner prop when acquiring sand, soil layer Mechanical Data
1.2331；When the present invention is for using the inner prop 1.233 of conehead 1.23 for the second inner prop when acquiring sand, soil layer permeation data
1.2332 meeting exploration use demand.
The cone angle of the cone 1.231 is 60 ° (as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, shown in Fig. 5, Fig. 6)；The conehead 1.23 is steel cone
Head；Situation is reconnoitred according to practical, cone angle can also be the other angles other than 60 degree.
The chuck 1.12 is disc structure, is disposed with transparent chuck slot 1.121, institute on the chuck 1.12
1.121 width of chuck slot is stated greater than 1.211 width of groove and is less than 1.21 diameter of feeler lever, blocks, guide feeler lever
It pushes or above mentions；The pressure sensor 1.11 is in disc structure, is disposed in the middle part of the pressure sensor 1.11 transparent
Pressure sensor groove 1.111,1.111 width of pressure sensor groove be greater than 1.21 diameter of feeler lever；The pressure
Force snesor 1.11 and 1.12 concentric contact of chuck, and be fixedly connected by bolt with the chuck 1.12；The chuck
1.121 width of slot is less than 1.111 width of pressure sensor groove, and corresponding contact (such as Fig. 9, Figure 10, the Tu11Suo of the two
Show), position consistency, opening direction are consistent during installation for two open slots, guarantee chuck slot and pressure sensor groove simultaneously
It is inserted on feeler lever 1.21 and groove 1.211.
1.12 lower end of chuck is equipped with chuck holding rod 1.122, and chuck holding rod 1.122 is in hollow form, to prevent bending from pullling number
According to line 1.123,1.123 one end of data line pass through 1.122 inner tube of chuck holding rod be connected on pressure sensor 1.11, the other end
Equipped with data line interface 1.124 (as shown in Figure 9, Figure 10).
The working principle of exploration pressure injection instrument of the present invention are as follows: chuck 1.12 is stuck in groove 1.211, is received power and is set
Standby 2 pairs its pressure for applying；When work below pressure sensor 1.11 and power-equipment 2 ((as shown in Figure 1) when pushing) or
((as shown in Figure 5) when above mentioning) is in close contact above, receives chuck 1.12 and power-equipment 2 and applies to pressure sensor 1.11
Pressure；Pressure proposes the pushing of 1.2 stress of system when burying, and conehead 1.23 and feeler lever 1.21 are in close contact；Pressure mentions in 1.2 stress of system
When mentioning, conehead 1.23 is detached from feeler lever 1.21 or is partially disengaged when necessary.
Refering to known to attached drawing: the application of exploration pressure injection instrument described in one kind is acquired for acquiring sand, soil layer Mechanical Data
Sand, soil layer permeation data restore and improve sand, earthy condition (including recovery (sealing of hole, can not have to pressurization) and improves (pressurization filling
Slurry) two parts)；Power-equipment 2 can be hydraulic drive frame or other power-equipments；
By taking hydraulic drive frame as an example, hydraulic drive frame 2 transmits pressure by pressure bar device 2.1 movable up and down and above mentions
Power (as shown in Figure 1, shown in Figure 5)；
Chuck 1.12 is existing equipment, and usually steel, is the disk that diameter is 5~8cm, and thickness is about 1cm, is disposed with
Transparent chuck slot 1.121,1.121 width of chuck slot mention the width of the groove 1.211 in system 1.2 slightly larger than pressure
It spends, endpoint location is more than that (1.12 groove depth of chuck crosses the center of circle to circle disk center about 1cm, is to make feeler lever in chuck slot
On groove and probing rod joint groove in conjunction with chuck when, be located at chuck the center point)；1.11 shape of pressure sensor and chuck
1.12 almost the same (pressure sensor need to entrust relevant unit to make because of shape factor), diameter are less than the width of pressure bar device 2.1,
1.111 width of pressure sensor slot is slightly larger than 1.21 diameter of feeler lever (as shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 9, Figure 10, Figure 11)；Pressure sensing
Pressure is primarily subjected between device 1.11 and chuck 1.12 (be pressure between pressure sensor and chuck not to be pulling force, can not have to
Welding is reinforced otherwise, and conventional stud connection can be used), the two is connected by screw to fixation；Pressure data passes through connection
Data line 1.123 in pressure sensor 1.11 is transmitted to recorder.
Conehead 1.23 includes cone 1.231, cone column 1.232 and the first inner prop 1.2331 or the second inner prop 1.2332；Cone
1.231 cone angle is 60 °, and cone bottom diameter is about 3cm (with the same diameter of common feeler lever)；It bores column 1.232 and connects cone 1.231, diameter
With cone bottom about 3cm, length is 2~5cm；Shape that there are two types of inner props, including the first inner prop 1.2331 and the second inner prop 1.2332,
First inner prop 1.2331 be it is cylindric, column 1.232 is concentric is connected with cone, and diameter is about 2cm (being slightly less than 1.21 internal diameter of feeler lever), grows
Degree is about 5cm (when for sealing of hole and grouting)；Second inner prop 1.2332 is that the cylinder that bottom is gradually expanded (is used for water injection test
When, the interior shell of column diameter being connected with cone column 1.232 is slightly smaller than 1.21 internal diameter of feeler lever, it is therefore an objective to feeler lever after the completion of water injection test
1.21 push again, are play the guiding role by this section of inner prop 1.2332, contact cone column 1.232 smoothly with feeler lever 1.21；Feeler lever
1.21 inner sections of inner column diameter is small, it is therefore an objective to increase 1.21 internal diameter of feeler lever and 1.2332 gap of inner prop, facilitate water filling；Inside and outside inner prop
It is reducer between section, reducer is smooth), column 1.232 is concentric is connected with cone, and base diameter is about 2cm, and cylindrical upper portion diameter is about
For 1cm, 10~20cm of length (as shown in Figure 1, shown in Figure 5)；If only acquired static point resistance data, cone column 1.232 can be cancelled, increase cone
Sharp 1.231 base diameters.
1) sand, soil layer Mechanical Data are acquired:
(1) vertical bearing capacity of single pile or independent static point resistance (i.e. end resistance and feeler lever native at acquisition conehead 1.23 are acquired
1.21 swimming cloths power):
Steps are as follows for groundwork:
1. test process: the present invention increases 1.21 surface of pushing and improvement stage feeler lever compared to cone penetration test
The content that frictional force data is collected；
When work, as shown in Figure 1, shown in Figure 5: fixed power-equipment 2 puts feeler lever 1.21 from the circular hole placed in the middle of power-equipment 2
It is placed in close to ground, down enters 1.21 internal diameter of feeler lever and falls with feeler lever 1.21 is vertical together the first inner prop 1.2331 from bottom to up
Ground；Chuck 1.12 is stuck on groove 1.211, and pressure sensor 1.11 is located at 1.12 or more chuck, top surface is in close contact compression bar
2.1 bottom surface of device, receives the pressure of power-equipment 2, and pressure is transferred to pressure and proposes in system 1.2 and record data variation, the data
For vertical bearing capacity of single pile (i.e. the sum of the 1.21 swimming cloths power aggregate-value of end resistance and feeler lever of soil at acquisition conehead 1.23)；
After reaching predetermined depth, the overturning of connector arrangement 1.1 is placed in 2.1 top surface of pressure bar device, pressure sensor 1.11 is close
2.1 top surface of pressure bar device is contacted, chuck 1.12 is located on pressure sensor 1.11, and chuck 1.12 is stuck in groove 1.221, receives
The upper pressure-raising power of power-equipment 2 drives 1.21 uplink of feeler lever, and conehead 1.23 is enclosed native 3 frictional force and is detached from, at this time pressure sensor
Collecting data is variation of 1.21 skin-friction force of feeler lever with depth；
Compression distance of the invention is the sum of 1.23 length of 1.21 underground length of feeler lever and conehead, in process of press in of the present invention
1.23 resistance of conehead changes with stratum Strength Changes, and 1.21 sidewall friction power of feeler lever increases with depth and increased, and pressure passes
Sensor data are the sum of Cone resistance and feeler lever sidewall friction power；In lifting process, conehead 1.23 is enclosed native 3 frictional force and is fallen off not
Stress is participated in, it is 1.21 sidewall friction power of feeler lever that pressure sensor 1.11, which acquires data, and sidewall friction power reduces with depth and become
It is small (as shown in figure 17).
2. data analysis uses: since test is same inspecting hole, stratum is unchanged, is pressed into and is promoted the sidewall friction power generated
There is correlation in same depth, it is now assumed that the two is identical, drag overall curve will be pushed and above mention total frictional force curve, drawn deep
The curve graph (as shown in figure 17) of degree and two kinds of power.In figure, according to each inflection point depth of two curves and two curve spacing variations
Width divides stratum；Two curves are the same as the same depth difference of two curves of every layer of sand after depth data subtraction value, or layering
Average value can obtain the depth limit end resistance divided by 1.23 surface area of conehead as the depth or this layer of 1.23 resistance of sand conehead
Power；Using total frictional force data when being promoted, in conjunction with depth of seam division, divided by the point section or the formation thickness and feeler lever 1.21 weeks
It is long, calculate side wall limit frictional resistance；Wherein in the stratum total frictional force curve, a certain depth data subtracts a depth value,
For the frictional force of the depth segment；The data of the stratum bottom depth and upper one layer of bottom data difference are the sum of this layer of frictional force；
Because pressure sensor acquisition be the total ultimate frictional resistance of 1.21 side wall of feeler lever and the total utmost lateral friction of conehead 1.23 it
With using two-bridge probe correlation formula: Quk=Qsk+Qpk=u ∑ li*βi*fsi+ α*qc*Ap
Q in formulauk——Vertical ultimate bearing capacity of single pile (depression phases pressure sensor data, it is known that)；
Qsk——Total ultimate frictional resistance (above mentioning staged pressure sensing data, it is known that)；
Qpk——Total utmost lateral friction (pushes with depth point and above mentions being averaged for data difference or each depth point difference in the stratum
Value)；
U-feeler lever perimeter (data measured)；
liI-th layer of native thickness of-stake week (being divided using curvilinear characteristic)；
βi- reduction coefficient, is according to condition selected；
fsi- the i-th layer of native feeler lever is averaged collateral resistance (calculate and obtain)；
α-static point resistance correction factor, by lithology and character value；
qc- static point resistance, same stratum cone certain depth range weighted average (calculate and obtain)；
Ap- cone area (measuring)；
Wherein, QukPushing process record data for pressure sensor (see Figure 17 right side graph)； QskFor pressure sensing
Device mentions process record data (see Figure 17 leftmost curve) upper, and the two is mutually kept to respective depth Qpk(see Figure 17 respective depth curve
The difference of value)；Single layer soil thickness liAccording to QpkVariation characteristic and above mention conditional curve break determine, with this combine cone area and
Feeler lever perimeter carries out calculating single layer fsiAnd qc。
When only acquisition static point resistance data are main, the substantially same vertical bearing capacity of single pile of operating process, the main distinction is:
1. being adjusted to 1.23 shape of conehead, expanding 1.231 base diameter of cone is more than 1.21 diameter of feeler lever, cancels cone column
1.232；2. each point data of depression phases curve is depth Qpk(it need to consider that side wall, which is locally present, carries out the frictional force of feeler lever
Amendment), above mentioning the stage does not re-record pressure data.
(2) acquisition disturbance soil classifiction:
1. data test process: the present invention increases hydraulic drive frame 2 for putting off brill compared to hand drill coring pore-creating
The head soil body records the content of data with contacting for soil 3, increase pressure sensor is enclosed；
It is as shown in figure 13: when work, augers 1.24 can screwed connection in the 1.21 lower end (augers of feeler lever
Work for drilling mode), for acquiring disturbance soil classifiction, hydraulic drive frame is fixed, by augers (augers
Including augers drilling rod 1.241 length about 1m, commonly using augers length, only feeler lever, shape are generally welded in 20cm or so, rear end
At the drilling tool of length 100cm) from 2.1 middle part of pressure bar device, circular hole is placed in ground between two parties, pass through screwed connection feeler lever on top
1.21, the soil body in test depth and cleaning hole is pierced by manpower or twisting machine, is continued into hole drilling depth；Connector arrangement 1.1
Chuck 1.12 is stuck on groove 1.211, and pressure sensor 1.11 is located under chuck 1.12, and bottom surface is in close contact pressure bar device 2.1
Top surface, chuck 1.12 receive the upper pressure-raising power of pressure bar device 2.1, and upper pressure-raising power is transferred to pressure and mentions in system 1.2 and records number
According to variation；
After the augers soil body is broken, it is proposed that earth's surface, remove the augers soil body, down toward bottom hole bury 5cm,
10cm equal thickness breaks test；Curve is drawn using the pressure change that breaks of different-thickness, obtains shearing strength related data.
2. simple coring poration process: when not needing to collect test data only Auger drilling coring, 5 can be pierced every time
~50cm (depending on soil body character), using common chuck, (the reason is that as augers rotation is buried too deep, chuck is by pressure when above mentioning
It is well over pressure-sensor limit, therefore does not have to connector arrangement of the present invention as far as possible) linking pressure proposes system 1.2, and it above mentions once pressing and mentions
System 1.2 breaks pressure after the soil body and proposes system 1.2 and continues putting hole bottom Auger drilling, mentioned in repetition break with Auger drilling step,
Until pressure is proposed system 1.2 and proposes earth's surface and cleaning spiral drill bit 1.24 when upper pressure-raising power is close to the hydraulic drive frame power limit
Adhere to core with feeler lever 1.21, continues tripping in bottom hole and repeat the above steps to predetermined hole depth；
2) permeability data is acquired
As shown in figure 12, work step is as follows:
1. the working method of present invention acquisition permeability data is identical as acquisition vertical bearing capacity of single pile pushing program,
The difference is that: use the inner prop of conehead 1.23 for the second inner prop 1.2332；
2. upper pressure-raising proposes system 1.2 when the arrival of conehead 1.23 needs permeability test position, the height above mentioned is 2cm left
The right side, conehead 1.23 are partially disengaged feeler lever 1.21 by frictional force, are detached from height as test segment length；It is infused by 1.21 internal diameter of earth's surface feeler lever
Water records time and water injection rate to test section, until water, which is stablized, completes water injection test；It pushes pressure and proposes system 1.2, make feeler lever
1.21 are connected with the cone column 1.232 of conehead 1.23, continue indentation test；When remaining sand in feeler lever 1.21, when being not easy to be connected,
Available piston identical with 1.21 internal diameter of feeler lever is pressed into feeler lever 1.21 by pressure bar device 2.1, increases pressure in bar, and sand is discharged
Soil；
3. data analysis uses: after water injection test obtains stable specific discharge, calculation method can be according to examination segment length, examination section
The data such as diameter, flow, level of ground water using existing formula calculate permeation data (when its pilot scale section is located at level of ground water or less,
Using constant head correlation formula；When examination section is located at level of ground water or more, examination segment length is not easy to meet constant head correlation formula, can adopt
With precipitation head calculation formula)；Wherein level of ground water data can be obtained by measuring water level in geologic survey or feeler lever 1.21；
3) improve sand situation
When the present invention is applied to restore and improve sand, earthy condition, including test inspecting hole sealing of hole and Cone drilling construction；
Exploration sealing of hole is that much have the engineering of antiseepage requirement to be strictly required, since the probe of common static penetrometer is expensive
Weight, cannot be detached from and feeler lever 1.21 built in cable, can not voluntarily sealing of hole, lead to the suitable engineering using static sounding such as dyke
It is not available；Conehead of the present invention 1.23 is easily detached from and cheap, and feeler lever 1.21 and probing rod joint 1.22 are hollow, are conducive to grouting；
The present invention is bored inspecting hole sealing of hole and combined using two methods: test inspecting hole middle and lower part uses mud or cement slurry, is poured by funnel
1.21 hollow space of feeler lever reaches bottom by the pull of vacuum that mud or cement slurry gravity and feeler lever 1.21 above propose generation；It mentions
Rise partial-length feeler lever 1.21；Re grouting and promotion 1.21 step of feeler lever；Ground is all proposed to feeler lever 1.21, using a small amount of
Mud ball fills in test inspecting hole aperture, is pressed into designated depth added with the feeler lever 1.21 of indent plug using power-equipment 2 and bottom end,
Feeler lever 1.21 is promoted, aforementioned operation is repeated, until mud ball is blocked to aperture (as shown in Figure 1, shown in Figure 5).
It is routinely using drilling machine or static pressure equipment pore-creating to designing depth 2. Cone drilling is the common construction method of dyke
It spends, equipment proposes ground after pore-forming, Grouting Pipe is entered deeply into the pores 0.5m or more, and use grout off aperture, carries out a depth
The slip casting of degree point works (0.05~0.08Mpa of pressure)；The present invention proposes 1.2 pore-creating of system using pressure, then lifts part feeler lever
1.21, so that conehead 1.23 is fallen off, then press design pressure slip casting；After the section reaches design requirement, then mention one section of feeler lever, then slip casting；
Abovementioned steps are repeated, until completing aperture Cone drilling；(as shown in Figure 1, shown in Figure 5).With existing Cone drilling working method phase
Than present invention indentation is without using mud or clear water (avoiding closing hole wall)；Sectional slip casting；It can ensure grouting pressure grouting amount
Uniformly；Without closed orifices；Collapse hole there is no grout hole shrinkage cavity and grout hole shrinkage cavity collapses influences construction quality caused by hole；It is necessary
When the formation data that can be collected according to process of press in, apply different pressures and grouting quantity.
Other unaccounted parts belong to the prior art.
Claims (10)
1. exploring pressure injection instrument, it is characterised in that: including stress equipment (1) and power-equipment (2), the stress equipment (1) includes
Connector arrangement (1.1) and pressure mention system (1.2), and the connector arrangement (1.1) includes pressure sensor (1.11) and chuck
(1.12), the pressure sensor (1.11) is fixed on the chuck (1.12) and is located at the chuck 1.12 and moves with described
Between power equipment (2)；It includes feeler lever (1.21), probing rod joint (1.22) and conehead (1.23) or spiral shell that the pressure, which proposes system (1.2),
Rotary drill (1.24)；The chuck (1.12) is stuck on the feeler lever (1.21) or probing rod joint (1.22), the feeler lever
(1.21) top is stretched out the power-equipment (2), bottom end and the conehead (1.23) plug upwards and is connected；The feeler lever (1.21)
It is hollow structure with the probing rod joint (1.22).
2. exploration pressure injection instrument according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: feeler lever (1.21) middle part and probing rod joint
(1.22) middle part is all provided with fluted (1.211), and the chuck (1.12) is fastened in the groove (1.211)；The feeler lever
(1.21) and probing rod joint (1.22) passes through screwed connection.
3. exploration pressure injection instrument according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the conehead (1.23) includes cone
(1.231), bore column (1.232) and inner prop (1.233), the cone column (1.232) lower end with the cone (1.231) is concentric connects
Connect, upper end with the inner prop (1.233) is concentric is connected；Cone column (1.232) diameter is greater than the inner prop (1.233) diameter；
Cone column (1.232) diameter is equal with the cone (1.231) base diameter and equal with the feeler lever (1.21) outer diameter.
4. exploration pressure injection instrument according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the inner prop (1.233) includes the first inner prop
(1.2331) and the second inner prop (1.2332)；First inner prop (1.2331) is cylindrical, second inner prop (1.2332)
The variable diameter column structure being gradually expanded in bottom.
5. exploration pressure injection instrument according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the cone angle of the cone (1.231) is 60 °；Institute
Stating conehead (1.23) is steel conehead.
6. exploration pressure injection instrument according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: be disposed on the chuck (1.12) transparent
Chuck slot (1.121), chuck slot (1.121) width be greater than the groove (1.211) width and be less than the spy
Bar (1.21) diameter；The pressure sensor (1.11) is in disc structure, is disposed in the middle part of the pressure sensor (1.11)
Under penetrating pressure sensor groove (1.111), pressure sensor groove (1.111) width is greater than the feeler lever (1.21)
Diameter；The pressure sensor (1.11) and the chuck (1.12) concentric contact, and pass through bolt and the chuck (1.12)
It is fixedly connected；Chuck slot (1.121) width is less than pressure sensor groove (1.111) width, and the two is corresponding
Contact.
7. the application of exploration pressure injection instrument described in any claim in claim 1-6, it is characterised in that: for acquire sand,
Soil layer Mechanical Data acquires sand, soil layer permeation data, restores and improve sand, earthy condition.
8. the application of exploration pressure injection instrument according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: when applied to acquisition sand, soil layer mechanics
When data, including acquisition vertical bearing capacity of single pile or independent acquisition wherein static point resistance, and acquisition disturbance soil classifiction；
1) it acquires vertical bearing capacity of single pile or static point resistance includes the following steps:
When work, feeler lever (1.21) is positioned proximal to ground from the circular hole placed in the middle of power-equipment (2) by fixed power-equipment (2),
First inner prop (1.2331) is embedded in feeler lever (1.21) internal diameter from bottom to up and same feeler lever (1.21) is vertical together falls within ground；Card
Disk (1.12) is stuck in groove (1.211), and pressure sensor (1.11) is located above chuck (1.12), top surface is in close contact power
Equipment (2) bottom surface, receives the pressure of power-equipment (2), and pressure is transferred to pressure and proposes on system (1.2) and record data variation,
The data are vertical bearing capacity of single pile；
After reaching predetermined depth, chuck device (1.1) overturning is placed in power-equipment (2) top surface, pressure sensor (1.11) is close
Power-equipment (2) top surface is contacted, chuck (1.12) is located above pressure sensor (1.11), and chuck (1.12) is stuck in groove
(1.221) on, receive the upper pressure-raising power of power-equipment (2), drive feeler lever (1.21) uplink, conehead (1.23) is enclosed native (3) and rubbed
It wipes power to be detached from, pressure sensor collects the variation that data are feeler lever (1.21) skin-friction force at this time；
When individually acquisition static point resistance, it is pressed into the same vertical bearing capacity of single pile of step, difference is conehead (1.23) without cone column
(1.232), cone (1.231) base diameter is greater than feeler lever (1.21) diameter；After reaching test hole depth, above mentioning the stage does not record pressure
Force data；
2) acquisition disturbance soil classifiction includes the following steps:
When work, fixation power-equipment (2), augers (1.24), in the feeler lever (1.21) lower end, is incited somebody to action by screwed connection
Augers is placed in ground, top connection feeler lever (1.21) from the circular hole placed in the middle of power-equipment (2), and rotation pierces certain depth
Degree above mentions augers to earth's surface by power-equipment (2) and connector arrangement (1.1), removes drill bit and feeler lever (1.21) core；
Augers is put to bottom hole again, using manpower or equipment, creeps into 2cm~5cm depth；Chuck (1.12) is stuck in groove
(1.211) on；Pressure sensor (1.11) is located at below chuck (1.12) and top surface is in close contact pressure bar device (2.1) top surface, connects
By the upper pressure-raising power of power-equipment (2), and upper pressure-raising power is transferred to pressure and mentions on system (1.2) and records data variation；
After removing core, continue putting hole subdrilling into 5cm~10cm depth, continuation is aforementioned above to be mentioned, records, removing core step；
10cm~20cm depth is crept into again, continuation is aforementioned above to be mentioned, records, removing core step, and so on；Using breaking difference
Thickness disturbed soil data and the variation of recorder pressure data, calculate shearing strength index of correlation；
When not needing to collect test data only Auger drilling coring, when pressure proposes system (1.2) drilling 5cm~50cm depth,
It above proposes primary pressure and mentions system (1.2), break and pressure is proposed into system (1.2) after the soil body put to bottom hole Auger drilling 5cm~50cm, again
It above mentions and breaks the soil body and tripping in bottom hole, until pressure is mentioned system (1.2) when upper pressure-raising power is close to power-equipment (2) power limit
It proposes earth's surface and cleaning spiral drill bit and feeler lever (1.21) adheres to core；Continue to be put into bottom hole and creep into predetermined hole depth.
9. the application of exploration pressure injection instrument according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: when applied to acquisition sand, soil layer infiltration
When data, include the following steps,
Step 1: method of press-fitting when acquisition permeability data is identical as acquisition vertical bearing capacity of single pile indentation step, no
It is with place: uses the inner prop of conehead (1.23) for the second inner prop (1.2332)；
Step 2: conehead (1.23) reach need water injection test position when, upper pressure-raising mentions system (1.2), the height above mentioned be 2~
5cm, conehead (1.23) are partially disengaged feeler lever (1.21) in the case where enclosing native (3) frictional force effect；It is infused by earth's surface feeler lever (1.21) internal diameter
Water to test section and temporally records water injection rate, until water, which is stablized, completes water injection test；It pushes pressure and mentions system (1.2), make to visit
Bar (1.21) is connected with cone column (1.232), continues indentation test；
Step 3: data analysis use: water injection test obtain stablize specific discharge after, calculation method according to include try segment length,
Try section diameter, flow, level of ground water data, utilize existing formula calculate permeation data.
10. the application of exploration pressure injection instrument according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: when applied to recovery and improvement sand, soil
When situation, including test inspecting hole sealing of hole and Cone drilling construction；
1) test inspecting hole sealing of hole includes the following steps:
Inspecting hole middle and lower part uses mud or cement slurry, feeler lever (1.21) hollow space is poured by funnel, by mud or cement
Pull of vacuum when slurry gravity and feeler lever above mention reaches bottom hole；Lift portion feeler lever (1.21)；
Repeat aforementioned grouting and promotion feeler lever (1.21) step；Ground is all proposed to feeler lever (1.21), using a small amount of mud ball plug
Into test inspecting hole aperture, it is pressed into designated depth using the feeler lever (1.21) that power-equipment (2) and bottom end are equipped with indent plug, is promoted
Feeler lever (1.21)；
Aforementioned operation is repeated, until mud ball is blocked to aperture；
2) Cone drilling construction procedure:
Pressure mentions after system (1.2) reaches projected depth, lifts part feeler lever (1.21), is detached from conehead, by design pressure slip casting；
After the section reaches design requirement, then mention one section of feeler lever (1.21), then slip casting；
Abovementioned steps are repeated, until completing aperture Cone drilling, and block aperture with mud ball.
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| CN112676332A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-04-20 | 上海格林曼环境技术有限公司 | Integrated restoration medicament injection device based on contaminated land stratum characteristics |
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| CN114319292A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-12 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Ocean pore pressure static sounding continuous penetration device and method for silt stratum |
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