Heating furnace
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petrochemical industry, in particular to a heating furnace.
Background
The tube furnace is an important heating device in petrochemical plants, and its design and operating level often directly affect the throughput, operational flexibility and operating cycle of the plant.
Currently, the tube type heating furnaces in the petrochemical industry field can be classified into single-sided radiation heating furnaces and double-sided radiation heating furnaces according to radiation modes. Wherein, the single-sided radiation heating furnace adopts a mode of arranging the furnace tube close to the furnace wall, the burner is positioned at the middle position of the bottom of the hearth, the furnace tube is only radiated by single-sided flame and smoke, the average heat intensity of the furnace tube is lower, and the average heat intensity of the furnace tube is about 20-30 kW/m 2 And the uniformity of the circumferential heat intensity distribution of the furnace tube is poor, the non-uniformity coefficient is about 1.8, so that the heat transfer area utilization rate of the furnace tube is low, and the furnace tube is rarely used in a heating furnace with larger treatment capacity.
Compared with the prior art, the double-sided radiation heating furnace can effectively improve the utilization rate of the heat transfer area of the furnace tube, and the average heat strength of the furnace tube is about 25-35 kW/m 2 . As shown in fig. 1, a furnace tube of a conventional double-sided radiation heating furnace 1 is located in the middle of a heating furnace radiation chamber 12, and heating furnace burners 14 are provided on both sides of the furnace tube. Although both sides of the furnace tube are provided with heating furnace firesThe burners 14 are installed at the bottom of the furnace, but the temperature field distribution in the height direction of the furnace is not uniform, which is particularly shown by the large difference in the heat intensity distribution of the furnace tubes in different height directions of the furnace, so that further improvement of the average heat intensity of the furnace tubes is limited.
At present, the large-scale heating furnace only depends on a single mode of increasing the heat transfer area and increasing the number of hearths, which inevitably causes great increase of equipment investment and operation cost, and the utilization rate of the equipment is not really improved. Therefore, the key problem to be solved in the large-scale heating furnace is to improve the average heat intensity of the furnace tube and the operation elasticity of the heating furnace, so that the equipment investment can be effectively saved, the operation cost can be reduced, and the scale benefit of the device can be reflected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the furnace tube of the existing double-sided radiation heating furnace is limited in average heat intensity improvement, uneven in distribution of temperature fields in the height direction of a hearth, small in operation elasticity of the heating furnace and the like, and provides a zoned heat supply double-step heating furnace. The radiation chamber of the heating furnace is provided with a side wall with a ladder-shaped structure and a plurality of chambers, and each chamber is internally provided with a combustion piece, so that the heat intensity distribution of the furnace tube in the height direction in the radiation chamber is uniform.
In order to achieve the above object, an aspect of the present invention provides a heating furnace including:
the radiation chamber is provided with a step-shaped structure on the side wall, the step-shaped structure divides the inner space of the radiation chamber into at least two chambers which are mutually communicated and are arranged along the height direction of the radiation chamber, wherein the chamber at the bottommost part of the radiation chamber is a first chamber, and the rest chambers above the first chamber are second chambers;
the furnace tubes are arranged in the radiation chamber, and are arranged along the height direction of the radiation chamber; and
the combustion mechanism comprises a main burner which is arranged in the first cavity and can heat the furnace tube and an auxiliary burner which is arranged in the second cavity and can heat the furnace tube.
In the technical scheme, the side wall of the radiation chamber is provided with the ladder-shaped structure which can divide the inner space of the radiation chamber into at least two chambers which are mutually communicated and are arranged along the height direction of the radiation chamber, and the burner capable of heating the furnace tube is arranged in each chamber, for example, the main burner is arranged in the first chamber and the auxiliary burner is arranged in the second chamber, so that the temperature fields of the radiation chamber in different height directions are distributed more uniformly, the average heat intensity of the furnace tube is obviously improved, and the treatment capacity of the heating furnace is improved.
Preferably, each of the chambers has a side wall tapering in a direction from a bottom wall of the radiation chamber to a top wall of the radiation chamber; and/or
The plurality of furnace tubes divide the radiation chamber into symmetrical structures along the height direction perpendicular to the radiation chamber.
Preferably, the side wall of the radiation chamber comprises a first annular wall connected to the bottom wall of the radiation chamber, the first annular wall tapering in the direction from the bottom wall of the radiation chamber to the top wall of the radiation chamber, the first chamber being defined by the first annular wall.
Preferably, the side wall of the radiation chamber comprises a first annular connecting wall arranged between the bottom wall of the radiation chamber and the first annular wall, the first annular connecting wall extending in the height direction of the radiation chamber;
the first chamber is defined by the first annular connecting wall and the first annular wall.
Preferably, the height of the first annular connecting wall is not more than 5 meters; and/or
The first annular wall comprises an inclined plane, and the included angle between the inclined plane and the horizontal plane is 45-90 degrees.
Preferably, the second chamber is formed by a platform part connected to adjacent annular walls of the chamber which taper and a second annular wall connected to the platform part and which tapers in the direction from the bottom wall of the radiation chamber to the top wall of the radiation chamber.
Preferably, the second annular wall comprises a chamfer, the angle between the chamfer and the land being 45-90 °.
Preferably, the furnace tubes are horizontally arranged along the direction perpendicular to the stepped section of the radiation chamber;
a plurality of pairs of paired main burners arranged along the length direction of the furnace tube are arranged in the first chamber, and the paired main burners are respectively and oppositely arranged at two sides of the furnace tube;
and a plurality of pairs of auxiliary burners which are arranged along the length direction of the furnace tube are arranged in the second chamber, and the pairs of auxiliary burners are respectively and oppositely arranged at two sides of the furnace tube.
Preferably, the main burner is mounted on the bottom wall of the first chamber, and the auxiliary burner is mounted on the platform in the respective chamber; wherein:
the distance between the adjacent main burners on the same side of the furnace tube is 800-1500mm, and the distance between the adjacent auxiliary burners on the same side of the furnace tube is 800-3000mm; and/or
The distance between the main burner and the side wall of the first chamber is 10-600mm, and the distance between the auxiliary burner and the side wall of the second chamber is 10-600mm.
Preferably, the interval between adjacent furnace tubes is 1.5-3.0 times of the outer diameter of the furnace tubes.
Preferably, the heating furnace comprises a convection chamber and a plurality of radiation chambers respectively communicated with the convection chamber, and the radiation chambers are arranged side by side.
The invention has the positive progress effects that: the invention adopts a double-step type radiation chamber structure, and the wall-attached main burner and the auxiliary burner are respectively arranged, so that the average heat intensity of the radiation furnace tube can be obviously increased, the treatment capacity of the heating furnace is improved, and flames can be effectively prevented from licking the tube; the main burner and the auxiliary burner are matched and adjusted, so that the operation elasticity of the heating furnace can be obviously improved. In addition, when the furnace type is used for a decompression furnace or a coking furnace for radiating steam injection of a furnace tube, the total steam injection amount can be reduced due to the reduction of the tube pass number of the furnace tube, and the operation cost is saved. The furnace type heating furnace is widely suitable for a large-treatment-capacity heating furnace in a large-scale petrochemical device, can greatly save equipment investment and operation cost, and embody the scale benefit of the device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a partial sectional structure of a prior art double-sided radiation heating furnace;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a partial sectional structure of a heating furnace according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view showing a partial sectional structure of a heating furnace according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1-a double-sided radiation heating furnace; 12-a heating furnace radiation chamber; 14-a furnace burner; 2-a heating furnace; a 20-radiation chamber; 21 a-a first chamber; 210 a-a first annular connecting wall; 212 a-a first annular wall; 21 b-a second chamber; 210 b-a platform portion; 212 b-a second annular wall; 22-furnace tube; 24 a-main burner; 24 b-auxiliary burner; 26-convection chamber; 28-convection furnace tube.
Detailed Description
In the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, terms of orientation such as "upper, lower, left, right" and the like are used to generally refer to the directions shown in the drawings and the directions in practical use, and "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer of the outline of the component.
The invention provides a heating furnace, wherein the heating furnace 2 comprises a radiation chamber 20, a plurality of furnace tubes 22 arranged in the radiation chamber 20 and a combustion mechanism. The side wall of the radiation chamber 20 has a step structure, the step structure divides the internal space of the radiation chamber 20 into at least two chambers which are mutually communicated and are arranged along the height direction of the radiation chamber 20, wherein the chamber at the bottommost part of the radiation chamber 20 is a first chamber 21a, and the other chambers above the first chamber 21a are second chambers 21b; a plurality of furnace tubes 22 are arranged along the height direction of the radiation chamber 20; the combustion mechanism includes a main burner 24a mounted in the first chamber 21a capable of heating the furnace tube 22 and an auxiliary burner 24b mounted in the second chamber 21b capable of heating the furnace tube 22. By providing the side wall of the radiation chamber 20 with a stepped structure capable of dividing the inner space of the radiation chamber 20 into at least two chambers which are mutually communicated and arranged along the height direction of the radiation chamber 20, and providing a burner capable of heating the furnace tube 22 in each of the chambers, such as providing the main burner 24a in the first chamber 21a and providing the auxiliary burner 24b in the second chamber 21b, the temperature field distribution of the radiation chamber 20 in different height directions is more uniform, the average heat intensity of the furnace tube 22 is remarkably improved, and the throughput of the heating furnace 2 is improved. In addition, the main burner and the auxiliary burner are matched and adjusted, so that the operation elasticity of the heating furnace can be obviously improved.
On the premise of unchanged heat transfer area, the average heat intensity of the furnace tube can be improved to reduce the tube pass of the furnace tube, so that the amount of medium such as steam injected into the furnace tube 22 can be reduced, and the total steam injection amount can be reduced by 50%, thus greatly reducing the use cost, for example, the steam injection amount per tube pass is calculated by 500kg/h, and the steam cost of 3.5MPa is calculated by 300 yuan/ton, and 126 ten thousand yuan can be saved each year by reducing one tube pass.
In addition, compared with the existing double-sided radiation heating furnace 1, the average heat intensity of the furnace tube 22 can be improved by 1.3 times under the condition that the heat transfer area of the furnace tube is the same, and the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the radiation chamber 20 is basically unchanged. It is understood that the structure of the heating furnace 2 described above can be applied to a pressure reducing furnace or a coking furnace in which steam is injected into the furnace tube 22. Wherein, the furnace tube 22 can be arranged in a multi-stage reducing mode, and a large-diameter tube and a small-diameter tube can be coaxially connected during reducing, and the furnace tube 22 can be supported by a furnace tube bracket arranged in the radiation chamber 20; in addition, when a common straight tube is selected as the furnace tube 22, the interval between adjacent furnace tubes 22 may be 1.5-3 times the outer diameter of the furnace tube 22. As shown in fig. 2, the heating furnace 2 may further include a convection chamber 26 in communication with the radiation chamber 20, and a plurality of rows of convection furnace tubes may be disposed in the convection chamber 26 along the height direction of the convection chamber 26, and a plurality of convection furnace tubes 28 may be disposed in each row, wherein the type of the convection furnace tubes 28 may be selected according to actual needs, for example, a common heat exchange tube or a fin tube.
As shown in FIG. 2, each of the chambers has sidewalls that taper in the direction from the bottom wall of the radiant chamber 20 to the top wall of the radiant chamber 20, which further increases the average heat intensity of the furnace tube.
In addition, the plurality of furnace tubes 22 may divide the radiant chamber 20 into a symmetrical structure along a direction perpendicular to the height direction of the radiant chamber 20, so that the temperature distribution in the height direction of the radiant chamber 20 may be more uniform, and the average heat intensity of the furnace tubes may be improved. From the orientation shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of furnace tubes 22 may divide radiant chamber 20 into a bilateral symmetry.
The chamber located at the bottommost portion of the radiation chamber 20 may be defined as a first chamber 21a; the side wall of the radiation chamber 20 may include a first annular wall 212a connected to the bottom wall of the radiation chamber 20, the first annular wall 212a may taper in a direction from the bottom wall of the radiation chamber 20 to the top wall of the radiation chamber 20, and the first chamber 21a may be defined by the first annular wall 212 a.
In addition, the side wall of the radiation chamber 20 may include a first annular connection wall 210a disposed between the bottom wall of the radiation chamber 20 and the first annular wall 212a, and the first annular connection wall 210a may extend in the height direction of the radiation chamber 20; the first chamber 21a may be formed by the first annular connecting wall 210a and the first annular wall 212a, which may further increase the average heat intensity of the furnace tube.
It should be noted that the height H1 of the first annular connecting wall 210a may be preferably not more than 5m, and further, the height H2 of the first annular wall 212a may be preferably 0.5-5 m.
To further increase the average heat strength of the furnace tube, the first annular wall 212a may include a slope such that the angle α between the slope and the horizontal plane 1 Preferably 45-90. It should be noted that the first annular wall 212a may include a slope, or the first annular wall 212a may be in a frustum shape, and the frustum side surface may have a plurality of slopes, and preferably, the slope angle of each slope of the frustum is the same. Further preferably, the inclination angles of the walls of the first chamber 21a on both sides of the furnace tube 22, i.e., on both the left and right sides of the furnace tube 22 as viewed from the orientation shown in fig. 2, may be the same.
In addition, the remaining chambers may be set as the second chambers 21b; the second chamber 21b may be formed by a plateau 210b connected to a tapered annular wall of an adjacent chamber, such as the first annular wall 212a, and a second annular wall 212b connected to the plateau 210b and tapered in the direction from the bottom wall of the radiation chamber 20 to the top wall of the radiation chamber 20. It should be noted that the height H3 of the second annular wall 212b may be preferably 0.5-5 m.
To further increase the average heat strength of the furnace tube, the second annular wall 212b may include a bevel, such that the angle α between the bevel and the plateau 210b 2 Preferably 45-90. It should be noted that the second annular wall 212b may include a slope, or the second annular wall 212b may be in a frustum shape, and the frustum side surface may have a plurality of slopes, and preferably, the slope angle of each slope of the frustum is the same. Further preferably, the inclination angles of the walls of the second chamber 21b on both sides of the furnace tube 22, i.e., on both the left and right sides of the furnace tube 22 as seen from the orientation shown in fig. 2, may be the same.
It will be appreciated that furnace tubes 22 may preferably be arranged horizontally along a stepped cross section perpendicular to radiant chamber 20; pairs of main burners 24a disposed along the longitudinal direction of the furnace tube 22 may be disposed in the first chamber 21a, and the pairs of main burners 24a are disposed on opposite sides of the furnace tube 22, i.e., on the left and right sides of the furnace tube 22 as viewed from the orientation shown in fig. 2; a plurality of pairs of auxiliary burners 24b disposed along the longitudinal direction of the furnace tube 22 may be disposed in the second chamber 21b, and the pairs of auxiliary burners 24b are disposed opposite each other on both sides of the furnace tube 22, i.e., on both right and left sides of the furnace tube 22 as viewed from the orientation shown in fig. 2. By providing pairs of primary and secondary burners 24a, 24b in the respective chambers, the temperature field distribution of the radiant chamber 20 in the height direction is more uniform, greatly increasing the average heat intensity of the furnace tube.
In addition, the main burner 24a may be mounted on the bottom wall of the first chamber 21a, and the auxiliary burner 24b may be mounted on the platform portion 210b in the corresponding chamber; wherein: the spacing between adjacent primary burners 24a on the same side of furnace tube 22 is 800-1500mm and the spacing between adjacent secondary burners 24b on the same side of furnace tube 22 is 800-3000mm.
To prevent licking the tube, the burner may be provided wall-on, wherein the distance between the main burner 24a and the side wall of the first chamber 21a is 10-600mm and the distance between the auxiliary burner 24b and the side wall of the second chamber 21b is 10-600mm.
In addition, as shown in fig. 3, the heating furnace 2 may include a plurality of radiation chambers 20, and the plurality of radiation chambers 20 may be disposed side by side. Wherein the plurality of radiant chambers 20 are each in communication with a convection chamber 26. To avoid interference with each other, each radiation chamber 20 may be operated independently.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, a number of simple variants of the technical solution of the invention are possible, including combinations of individual specific technical features in any suitable way. The various possible combinations of the invention are not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition. Such simple variations and combinations are likewise to be regarded as being within the scope of the present disclosure.