CN110077058B - 一种多层结构墙体阻燃板材及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种多层结构墙体阻燃板材及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110077058B
CN110077058B CN201910380652.5A CN201910380652A CN110077058B CN 110077058 B CN110077058 B CN 110077058B CN 201910380652 A CN201910380652 A CN 201910380652A CN 110077058 B CN110077058 B CN 110077058B
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CN110077058A (zh
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童子健
陈哲
钱俊
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Zhejiang A&F University ZAFU
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种多层结构阻燃板材及其制备方法，它包括玻璃纤维层、无纺布层、高密度层、低密度层，其中，玻璃纤维层、无纺布层和高密度层从外向内依次对称粘合在低密度层的两侧。其中高密度层通过搅拌冷压而成，低密度层通过发泡而成，生产工艺简单，易于实现工业化生产应用，同时在生产过程中控制厚度，可应用与不同的场景，应用广泛。

Description

一种多层结构墙体阻燃板材及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种板材，尤其涉及一种多层结构墙体阻燃板材及其制备方法。
背景技术
现在建材行业国家对防火阻燃要求高，同时装修时在阻燃贴面材料，阻燃预制墙体的方面可用材料的匮乏，很多防火阻燃板材同时存在价格昂贵，空气污染问题。为此根据现在建材行业的需求，并本着降低成本的情况，设计了一款低成本多层结构防火阻燃材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有材料匮乏，提供一种多层结构阻燃板材。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的：一种多层结构阻燃板材，它包括玻璃纤维层、无纺布层、高密度层、低密度层，其中，玻璃纤维层、无纺布层和高密度层从外向内依次对称粘合在低密度层的两侧。
进一步的，所述玻璃纤维层和无纺布层之间、无纺布层和高密度层之间、高密度层和低密度层之间均通过氯氧镁水泥粘合而成。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种多层结构阻燃板材的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将偶联剂和粘合剂与增强纤维均匀作用后与氯氧镁水泥浆料混合，搅拌均匀后得到高密度层浆料，其中，偶联剂和粘合剂质量比为1：2，偶联剂和粘合剂的总重量占增强纤维的重量百分比为10-20％，增强纤维质量小于氯氧镁水泥浆料质量的12％；
(2)将步骤(2)制得浆料均匀铺入模具中，再在上表面覆盖浸渍粘合剂和偶联剂的无纺布后再覆盖一层浸渍氯氧镁水泥浆料的玻璃纤维，在压机下以3-6MPa压力冷压10-20min，取出备用；
(3)将氯氧镁水泥浆料与植物纤维均匀混合，其中植物纤维用量小于氯氧镁水泥浆料重量的23％，再依次加入总重量的3.2-7.2wt％乳胶、0.8-2.2wt％稳泡剂、2.5-6.5wt％促凝剂和1.5-5.2wt％发泡剂后，以1000-1200转/min的速度搅拌3-5min，得到低密度层的浆料；
(4)取步骤(2)制得的高密度层面对面布置放入定位装置中，在两块高密度层之间加入步骤(3)制得浆料后静置发泡1-5天，解除定位装置后制得多层结构阻燃板材前期产品；或者将步骤(3)得到低密度层的浆料放入预制的模具中静置发泡1-5天，再进行表面砂光后与步骤(2)制得的高密度层胶合成多层结构阻燃板材前期产品。
(5)取步骤(4)制得多层结构阻燃板材前期产品，静置养护一周以上，再进行裁截与表面处理，即可得到多层结构阻燃板材成品。
进一步的，所述氯氧镁水泥浆料由活性不低于70％的氧化镁与浓度为27-29°Bé的卤水混合搅拌而成，氧化镁和卤水的质量比为1:1。
进一步的，所述偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂或酞酸酯偶联剂。
进一步的，所述粘合剂为乳胶。
进一步的，所述稳泡剂为硬脂酸钙或十二烷基二甲基氧化胺。
进一步的，所述发泡剂为双氧水或十二烷基硫酸钠。
进一步的，所述增强纤维包括细长型化学纤维或植物纤维，植物纤维含水率小于5％。
进一步的，所述细长型化学纤维粗细为50D，长度为5-10mm。
进一步的，所述植物纤维选自竹木粉、竹木纤维，含水率小于5％。
进一步的，所述竹木纤维的长度小于4mm、直径小于1mm。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明的多层结构阻燃板材，制作简单，强度高密度低，同时成本低，可以通过调节厚度来达到不同的使用目的，如厚度低的贴面材料与厚度高的预制墙，本发明具有高阻燃性能好的优点，可运用于易发生火灾场所做墙体贴面材料或预制墙体，以达到防火阻燃的目的，保障人员财产安全。同时本发明加工简单，便于实现自动化生产。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一种多层结构阻燃板材结构示意图；
图中，玻璃纤维层1、无纺布层2、高密度层3、低密度层4。
具体实施方式
下面根据附图和实施例详细描述本发明，本发明的目的和效果将变得更加明显。
实施例1：
如图1所示，本发明提供一种多层结构阻燃板材，它包括玻璃纤维层1、无纺布层2、高密度层3、低密度层4，其中，玻璃纤维层1、无纺布层2和高密度层3从外向内依次对称粘合在低密度层4的两侧。进一步的，所述玻璃纤维层1和无纺布层2之间、无纺布层2和高密度层3之间、高密度层3和低密度层4之间均通过氯氧镁水泥粘合而成。
实施例2：
本发明的一种多层结构阻燃板材的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将偶联剂和粘合剂与增强纤维均匀作用后与氯氧镁水泥浆料混合，搅拌均匀后得到高密度层浆料，其中，偶联剂和粘合剂质量比为1：2，偶联剂和粘合剂的总重量占增强纤维的重量百分比为10％，增强纤维质量小于氯氧镁水泥浆料质量的12％；
(2)将步骤(2)制得浆料均匀铺入模具中，再在上表面覆盖先浸渍胶粘剂后浸渍偶联剂的无纺布后再覆盖一层浸渍氯氧镁水泥浆料的玻璃纤维，在压机下以3MPa压力冷压10min，取出备用；
(3)将氯氧镁水泥浆料与植物纤维均匀混合，其中植物纤维用量小于氯氧镁水泥浆料重量的23％，再依次加入总重量的3.2wt％乳胶、0.8wt％稳泡剂、2.5wt％促凝剂和1.5wt％发泡剂后，以1000转/min的速度搅拌3min，得到低密度层的浆料；
(4)取步骤(2)制得的高密度层面对面布置放入定位装置中，在两块高密度层之间加入步骤(3)制得浆料后静置发泡1-5天，解除定位装置后制得多层结构阻燃板材前期产品；或者将步骤(3)得到低密度层的浆料放入预制的模具中静置发泡1-5天，再进行表面砂光后与步骤(2)制得的高密度层胶合成多层结构阻燃板材前期产品。
(5)取步骤(4)制得多层结构阻燃板材前期产品，静置养护一周以上，再进行裁截与表面处理，即可得到多层结构阻燃板材成品。
进一步的，所述氯氧镁水泥浆料由活性不低于70％的氧化镁与浓度为27°Bé的卤水混合搅拌而成，氧化镁和卤水的质量比为1:1。
进一步的，所述偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂或酞酸酯偶联剂，所述粘合剂为乳胶，所述稳泡剂为硬脂酸钙或十二烷基二甲基氧化胺，所述发泡剂为双氧水或十二烷基硫酸钠。
进一步的，所述增强纤维包括细长型化学纤维或植物纤维，植物纤维含水率小于5％。
进一步的，所述细长型化学纤维粗细为50D，长度为5-10mm。
进一步的，所述植物纤维选自竹木粉、竹木纤维，含水率小于5％。
进一步的，所述竹木纤维的长度小于4mm、直径小于1mm。
实施例3：
本发明的一种多层结构阻燃板材的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将偶联剂和粘合剂与增强纤维均匀作用后与氯氧镁水泥浆料混合，搅拌均匀后得到高密度层浆料，其中，偶联剂和粘合剂质量比为1：2，偶联剂和粘合剂的总重量占增强纤维的重量百分比为20％，增强纤维质量小于氯氧镁水泥浆料质量的12％；
(2)将步骤(2)制得浆料均匀铺入模具中，再在上表面覆盖先浸渍胶粘剂后浸渍偶联剂的无纺布后再覆盖一层浸渍氯氧镁水泥浆料的玻璃纤维，在压机下以6MPa压力冷压20min，取出备用；
(3)将氯氧镁水泥浆料与植物纤维均匀混合，其中植物纤维用量小于氯氧镁水泥浆料重量的23％，再依次加入总重量的7.2wt％乳胶、2.2wt％稳泡剂、6.5wt％促凝剂和5.2wt％发泡剂后，以1200转/min的速度搅拌5min，得到低密度层的浆料；
(4)取步骤(2)制得的高密度层面对面布置放入定位装置中，在两块高密度层之间加入步骤(3)制得浆料后静置发泡1-5天，解除定位装置后制得多层结构阻燃板材前期产品；或者将步骤(3)得到低密度层的浆料放入预制的模具中静置发泡1-5天，再进行表面砂光后与步骤(2)制得的高密度层胶合成多层结构阻燃板材前期产品。
(5)取步骤(4)制得多层结构阻燃板材前期产品，静置养护一周以上，再进行裁截与表面处理，即可得到多层结构阻燃板材成品。
进一步的，所述氯氧镁水泥浆料由活性不低于70％的氧化镁与浓度为29°Bé的卤水混合搅拌而成，氧化镁和卤水的质量比为1:1。
实施例4：
本发明的一种多层结构阻燃板材的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将偶联剂和粘合剂与增强纤维均匀作用后与氯氧镁水泥浆料混合，搅拌均匀后得到高密度层浆料，其中，偶联剂和粘合剂质量比为1：2，偶联剂和粘合剂的总重量占增强纤维的重量百分比为18％，增强纤维质量小于氯氧镁水泥浆料质量的12％；
(2)将步骤(2)制得浆料均匀铺入模具中，再在上表面覆盖先浸渍胶粘剂后浸渍偶联剂的无纺布后再覆盖一层浸渍氯氧镁水泥浆料的玻璃纤维，在压机下以5MPa压力冷压20min，取出备用；
(3)将氯氧镁水泥浆料与植物纤维均匀混合，其中植物纤维用量小于氯氧镁水泥浆料重量的23％，再依次加入总重量的5wt％乳胶、1.5wt％稳泡剂、5wt％促凝剂和8wt％发泡剂后，以1000转/min的速度搅拌3min，得到低密度层的浆料；
(4)取步骤(2)制得的高密度层面对面布置放入定位装置中，在两块高密度层之间加入步骤(3)制得浆料后静置发泡1-5天，解除定位装置后制得多层结构阻燃板材前期产品；或者将步骤(3)得到低密度层的浆料放入预制的模具中静置发泡1-5天，再进行表面砂光后与步骤(2)制得的高密度层胶合成多层结构阻燃板材前期产品。
(5)取步骤(4)制得多层结构阻燃板材前期产品，静置养护一周以上，再进行裁截与表面处理，即可得到多层结构阻燃板材成品。
进一步的，所述氯氧镁水泥浆料由活性不低于70％的氧化镁与浓度为28°Bé的卤水混合搅拌而成，氧化镁和卤水的质量比为1:1。
通过上述方法可控制各层厚度来控制板材的密度以及强度，达到生产不同规格的板材应用在不同领域。

Claims (8)

1.一种多层结构阻燃板材的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
（1）将与偶联剂和粘合剂均匀作用后的增强纤维与氯氧镁水泥浆料混合，搅拌均匀后得到高密度层浆料，其中，偶联剂和粘合剂的质量比为1：2，偶联剂和粘合剂的总重量占增强纤维的重量百分比为10-20%，增强纤维质量小于氯氧镁水泥浆料质量的12%；
（2）将步骤（1）制得浆料均匀铺入模具中，再在上表面覆盖一层浸渍胶粘剂后偶联剂的无纺布后再覆盖一层浸渍氯氧镁水泥浆料的玻璃纤维，在压机下以3-6MPa压力冷压10-20min，取出备用；
（3）将氯氧镁水泥浆料与植物纤维均匀混合，其中植物纤维用量小于氯氧镁水泥浆料重量的23%，再依次加入总重量的3.2-7.2wt%乳胶、0.8-2.2wt%稳泡剂、2.5-6.5wt%促凝剂和1.5-5.2wt%发泡剂后，以1000-1200转/min的速度搅拌3-5min，得到低密度层的浆料；
（4）取步骤（2）制得的高密度层面对面布置放入定位装置中，在两块高密度层之间加入步骤（3）制得浆料后静置发泡1-5天，解除定位装置后制得多层结构阻燃板材前期产品；或者将步骤（3）得到低密度层的浆料放入预制的模具中静置发泡1-5天，再进行表面砂光后与步骤（2）制得的高密度层胶合成多层结构阻燃板材前期产品；
（5）取步骤（4）制得多层结构阻燃板材前期产品，静置养护一周以上，再进行裁截与表面处理，即可得到多层结构阻燃板材成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述氯氧镁水泥浆料由活性不低于70%的氧化镁与浓度为27-29°Bé的卤水混合搅拌而成，氧化镁和卤水的质量比为1:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂或酞酸酯偶联剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述粘合剂为乳胶。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述稳泡剂为硬脂酸钙或十二烷基二甲基氧化胺。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述发泡剂为双氧水或十二烷基硫酸钠。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述增强纤维包括细长型化学纤维或细长植物纤维，细长植物纤维含水率小于5%；粗细为50D，长度为5-10mm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述植物纤维选自竹木粉、竹木纤维，含水率小于5%；竹木纤维的长度小于4mm、直径小于1mm。
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