CN110075571A - 一种超亲水玄武岩纤维材料的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents

一种超亲水玄武岩纤维材料的制备方法及应用 Download PDF

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CN110075571A
CN110075571A CN201910405760.3A CN201910405760A CN110075571A CN 110075571 A CN110075571 A CN 110075571A CN 201910405760 A CN201910405760 A CN 201910405760A CN 110075571 A CN110075571 A CN 110075571A
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basalt fiber
glucomannan
fiber cloth
super hydrophilic
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马鹏程
蔡灯亮
邢丹
齐明钢
刘大忠
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Guizhou Zhongke Basalt Fiber Innovation Incubation Research Institute Co ltd
Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of CAS
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Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of CAS
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种超亲水玄武岩纤维材料的制备方法及应用。该方法首先配制葡甘聚糖溶液，并调节溶液pH值使葡甘聚糖脱去乙酰基获得更多羟基，然后以玄武岩纤维布为基材，在纤维布表面涂覆上述脱乙酰基葡甘聚糖溶液，得到具有超亲水、水下超疏油功能的新型油水分离玄武岩纤维材料。通过本发明所述方法获得的涂覆玄武岩纤维材料具有低成本、绿色环保、高分离效率、抗油污、耐酸碱等优点，是一种新型高效的油水分离材料，在溢油、化学品处理和生活含油污水等领域具有较高的实用价值和市场前景。

Description

一种超亲水玄武岩纤维材料的制备方法及应用
技术领域
本发明涉及油水分离领域和水面油类污染物处理领域，特别涉及一种用于水面溢油处理、生活含油污水处理的超亲水玄武岩纤维材料的制备方法及应用。
背景技术
随着现代工业的发展，人们对石油类产品的需求逐年提高。伴随着频繁的石油开采以及石化产品运输，水面溢油、漏油事故频频发生，给水体环境造成了巨大的危害。此外，生活餐饮污水乱排乱放导致水体污染。因此，油水分离是一项意义重大的课题。
超亲水材料可以迅速吸收水分，水滴在其表面接触角为零，水滴在超亲水材料上面铺展形成水膜，由于水跟油的不相容性，上层的油被这层水膜阻隔，保留在材料上面，水在重力作用下通过材料，从而达到油水分离的效果。近年来国内外开发了大量的油水分离材料，如中国专利201410039159.4公开了一种具有阶层粗糙结构涂层的超疏水油水分离材料。所述的阶层粗糙结构涂层是由粒径为10～50nm和粒径为70～500nm两种实心球形SiO2纳米粒子层构成，且所述涂层的表面有一层低表面能物质，该涂层可以用于不锈钢丝网、不锈钢纤维烧结毡等各类金属网制品上；中国专利201510789407.1公开了一种无溶剂制备新型超疏水聚氨酯油水分离材料的方法。上述油水分离材料或多为超疏水、超亲油材料，造成材料表面油污染；或后处理复杂，需要挤压吸收的油达到重复利用；或油水分离材料本身是通过化学原料经过复杂的化学合成而制得，成本较高且容易对环境造成二次污染。这些不足限制了油水分离材料产品的规模化生产和实际应用。
另外，当今世界各国都在大力推行可持续发展战略，因此绿色材料的利用显得尤为重要。玄武岩纤维是一种新型无机环保绿色高性能纤维材料，玄武岩纤维的生产工艺无挥发性物质及废弃物产生，对环境污染小，并且产品废弃后可直接在环境中降解，无任何危害，因而是一种名副其实的绿色环保材料。我国已把玄武岩纤维列为国家重点发展的四大纤维之一。因此开发基于玄武岩纤维的高附加值产品，不仅符合国家发展战略，还可以产生较高的经济价值。
本发明公开了一种简单浸涂的超亲水玄武岩纤维材料的制备方法及应用，该方法以性价比高、生产环保的玄武岩纤维布为基材，在其表面涂覆经过碱处理的葡甘聚糖溶液，获得新型油水分离材料，材料具有高分离效率、抗油污、耐酸碱等优点，克服了传统油水分离材料易污染、后处理复杂、成本高等问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，针对现有油水分离材料易被油污染、后处理复杂、难以实现规模化生产以及成本高等问题，提供一种成本低廉、制备过程简单，且环境友好的超亲水玄武岩纤维材料的制备方法及应用。该方法以玄武岩纤维布为基材，在其表面涂覆脱乙酰基的葡甘聚糖溶液，经过加热获得到具有超亲水、水下超疏油的新型油水分离材料。通过本发明所述方法获得的超亲水玄武岩纤维材料具有抗油污性，用于水面溢油、泄漏化学品和生活含油污水的处理及回收中的应用，并容易规模化生产，有较高的应用价值和市场前景。
本发明所述的一种超亲水玄武岩纤维材料的制备方法，按下列步骤进行：
a、将0.3-0.6g葡甘聚糖粉末溶解在100mL去离子水中，搅拌3-6h，获得均质的葡甘聚糖溶液；
b、将步骤a中得到的葡甘聚糖溶液中加入0.1M NaOH溶液调节pH值为9-10，继续搅拌0.5h，获得脱乙酰基葡甘聚糖溶液；
c、用丙酮浸泡玄武岩纤维布并超声5min，再用无水乙醇浸泡冲洗至玄武岩纤维布表面无丙酮残留物，将洗净的玄武岩纤维布置于温度50℃烘箱干燥0.5h；
d、将步骤c中玄武岩纤维布浸入步骤b所得溶液中，浸泡10min直至玄武岩纤维布全部润湿，取出平铺在特氟龙板上，置于温度90℃烘箱干燥固化2h，即得超亲水玄武岩纤维材料。
所述方法获得的超亲水玄武岩纤维材料在制备水面溢油、泄漏化学品和生活含油污水的处理及回收中的应用。
通过本发明所述方法获得的超亲水玄武岩纤维材料具有超亲水、水下超疏油的性质，在水中与油的接触角大于150°。
本发明所述的一种超亲水玄武岩纤维材料的制备方法及应用，与现有技术相比有以下创新性：
1.本发明采用在玄武岩纤维布表面涂覆脱乙酰基葡甘聚糖溶液，作为制备油水分离材料的方法，该方法合成线路简单，且玄武岩纤维性价比高，生产过程绿色环保。
2.葡甘聚糖来自魔芋，属于再生资源，有望实现玄武岩纤维基油水分离材料的大规模生产。
3.通过本发明所述方法获得的超亲水玄武岩纤维材料具有低成本、绿色环保、高分离效率、抗油污、耐酸碱等优点，是一种新型、高效的油水分离材料，在有机化学溶剂处理、水面溢油回收，生活含油污水等领域具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明玄武岩纤维基油水分离材料图片，其中，A为在空气中超亲水性实验照片；B为水下油滴在玄武岩纤维基油水分离材表面的接触角照片；
图2为本发明玄武岩纤维基油水分离材料对水中浮油的分离过程及效果图。
具体实施方式：
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明，但本发明的实施方式不仅限于实施例所述过程。
实施例1
a、将0.3g葡甘聚糖粉末溶解在100mL去离子水中，搅拌3h，获得均质的葡甘聚糖溶液；
b、将步骤a中得到的葡甘聚糖溶液中加入0.1M NaOH溶液调节pH值为9.5，继续搅拌0.5h，获得脱乙酰基葡甘聚糖溶液；
c、用丙酮浸泡玄武岩纤维布并超声5min，再用无水乙醇浸泡冲洗至玄武岩纤维布表面无丙酮残留物，将洗净的玄武岩纤维布置于温度50℃烘箱干燥0.5h；
d、将步骤c中玄武岩纤维布浸入步骤b所得溶液中，浸泡10min，直至玄武岩纤维布全部润湿，取出平铺在特氟龙板上，置于温度90℃烘箱干燥固化2h，即得超亲水玄武岩纤维材料。
将所得玄武岩纤维基油水分离材料用于油水分离测试，分离效率为99.92％，材料在水下与1,2-二氯乙烷油滴之间的黏附力为2.37μN，表现为超低粘附力。
实施例2
a、将0.4g葡甘聚糖粉末溶解在100mL去离子水中，搅拌4h，获得均质的葡甘聚糖溶液；
b、将步骤a中得到的葡甘聚糖溶液中加入0.1M NaOH溶液调节pH值为9.7，继续搅拌0.5h，获得脱乙酰基葡甘聚糖溶液；
c、用丙酮浸泡玄武岩纤维布并超声5min，再用无水乙醇浸泡冲洗至玄武岩纤维布表面无丙酮残留物，将洗净的玄武岩纤维布置于温度50℃烘箱干燥0.5h；
d、将步骤c中得到的玄武岩纤维布浸入步骤b所得溶液中，浸泡10min，直至玄武岩纤维布全部润湿，取出平铺在特氟龙板上，置于温度90℃烘箱干燥固化2h，即得超亲水玄武岩纤维材料。
将所得玄武岩纤维基油水分离材料用于油水分离测试，分离效率为99.93％，材料在水下与1,2-二氯乙烷油滴之间的黏附力为1.80μN，表现为超低粘附力。
实施例3
a、将0.5g葡甘聚糖粉末溶解在100mL去离子水中，搅拌5h，获得均质的葡甘聚糖溶液；
b、将步骤a中得到的葡甘聚糖溶液中加入0.1M NaOH溶液调节pH值为9.2，继续搅拌0.5h，获得脱乙酰基葡甘聚糖溶液；
c、用丙酮浸泡玄武岩纤维布并超声5min，再用无水乙醇浸泡冲洗至玄武岩纤维布表面无丙酮残留物，将洗净的玄武岩纤维布置于温度50℃烘箱干燥0.5h；
d、将步骤c中得到的玄武岩纤维布浸入步骤b所得溶液中，浸泡10min，直至玄武岩纤维布全部润湿，取出平铺在特氟龙板上，置于温度90℃烘箱干燥固化2h，即得超亲水玄武岩纤维材料。
将所得玄武岩纤维基油水分离材料用于油水分离测试，分离效率为99.96％，材料在水下与1,2-二氯乙烷油滴之间的黏附力为1.67μN，表现为超低粘附力。
实施例4
a、将0.6g葡甘聚糖粉末溶解在100mL去离子水中，搅拌6h，获得均质的葡甘聚糖溶液；
b、将步骤a中得到的葡甘聚糖溶液中加入0.1M NaOH溶液调节pH值为9.8，继续搅拌0.5h，获得脱乙酰基葡甘聚糖溶液；
c、用丙酮浸泡玄武岩纤维布并超声5min，再用无水乙醇浸泡冲洗至玄武岩纤维布表面无丙酮残留物，将洗净的玄武岩纤维布置于温度50℃烘箱干燥0.5h；
d、将步骤c中得到的玄武岩纤维布浸入步骤b所得溶液中，浸泡10min，直至玄武岩纤维布全部润湿，取出平铺在特氟龙板上，置于温度90℃烘箱干燥固化2h，即得超亲水玄武岩纤维材料。
将所得玄武岩纤维基油水分离材料用于油水分离测试，分离效率为99.95％，材料在水下与1,2-二氯乙烷油滴之间的黏附力为1.95μN，表现为超低粘附力。

Claims (2)

1.一种超亲水玄武岩纤维材料的制备方法，其特征在于按下列步骤进行：
a、将0.3-0.6g葡甘聚糖粉末溶解在100mL去离子水中，搅拌3-6h，获得均质的葡甘聚糖溶液；
b、将步骤a中得到的葡甘聚糖溶液中加入0.1 M NaOH 溶液调节pH值为9-10，继续搅拌0.5h，获得脱乙酰基葡甘聚糖溶液；
c、用丙酮浸泡玄武岩纤维布并超声5 min，再用无水乙醇浸泡冲洗至玄武岩纤维布表面无丙酮残留物，将洗净的玄武岩纤维布置于温度50℃烘箱干燥0.5h；
d、将步骤c中玄武岩纤维布浸入步骤b所得溶液中，浸泡10 min直至玄武岩纤维布全部润湿，取出平铺在特氟龙板上，置于温度90℃烘箱干燥固化2 h，即得超亲水玄武岩纤维材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述方法获得的超亲水玄武岩纤维材料在制备水面溢油、泄漏化学品和生活含油污水的处理及回收中的应用。
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