CN110071713B - Superconducting switch for conduction cooling and superconducting magnet device thereof - Google Patents
Superconducting switch for conduction cooling and superconducting magnet device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110071713B CN110071713B CN201910157694.2A CN201910157694A CN110071713B CN 110071713 B CN110071713 B CN 110071713B CN 201910157694 A CN201910157694 A CN 201910157694A CN 110071713 B CN110071713 B CN 110071713B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
- H01F6/04—Cooling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/92—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of superconductive devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
- H10N60/30—Devices switchable between superconducting and normal states
Abstract
The invention discloses a superconducting switch for conduction cooling and a superconducting magnet device thereof, which comprise a switch framework, and a switch superconducting coil, a switch cold-conducting coil and a switch heating coil which are wound on the switch framework; the switch superconducting coil and the switch cold-conducting coil are wound at intervals, a copper cable and a current lead are respectively led out from two ends of the switch superconducting coil to form a four-wire resistance measuring circuit, and whether the superconducting switch enters a quench or non-quench state is judged by detecting the coil resistance; two ends of the switch cold-conducting coil are in thermal connection with a cold head of the superconducting magnet device; the switch heating coil is attached to the switch superconducting coil for winding, and copper cables are led out from two ends of the switch heating coil and used for heating the switch superconducting coil by current. The invention solves the problems of low cooling efficiency of the conduction cooling superconducting switch, real-time detection of the cooling state of the superconducting switch and the main superconducting coil, and the problems of coil charging and discharging and coil protection of the conduction cooling superconducting switch used for the conduction cooling superconducting magnet.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to superconducting magnets, and more particularly, to a superconducting switch for conduction cooling and a superconducting magnet apparatus thereof.
Background
With the development of superconducting technology, superconducting magnets are more and more widely applied and have more and more varieties in the fields of high-energy physics, medical treatment, military industry, scientific research and the like. The superconducting magnet is most commonly used for cooling a coil in a magnet to a superconducting state by using a coolant such as liquid helium, liquid nitrogen and the like, and comprises a superconducting switch directly cooled by the coolant, but the superconducting magnet has high operation cost and safety risk due to the rarity and danger of the coolant, and in addition, special conditions and expensive equipment are required for preparation, storage and transportation of the coolant, so that the problem of management is caused. The other superconducting magnet does not use a coolant, and adopts a mode of an air compressor and a cold head to directly cool the coil in the magnet to a superconducting state. The method is suitable for small superconducting magnets with low operating current and less energy storage, and the superconducting magnets generally do not comprise superconducting switches, so that the superconducting magnets cannot operate in a closed loop and can work only by being powered by a power supply. While a conduction-cooled superconducting magnet operating in a closed loop requires the use of a conduction-cooled superconducting switch, the relevant literature is quite rare.
In addition, in recent years, a concept of a superconducting magnet with less liquid helium appears, namely that a superconducting coil and a superconducting switch are not required to be soaked in liquid helium, but a small amount of liquid helium is sealed in a pipeline and is communicated with a cold head, the liquid helium and the cold helium gas circulate around the superconducting coil, the superconducting switch and a supporting structure through a certain path, so that cold energy of the liquid helium is diffused to play a role in conducting and cooling, and the superconducting coil and the superconducting switch are cooled to a superconducting state. Such superconducting switches have similar features to those described above, namely relying on conduction cooling rather than immersion in liquid helium. But the layout and construction thereof are not described or presented in the relevant patent or literature.
Patent application No. 201410655318.3 discloses a superconducting switch for conduction cooling of a superconducting magnet, in which a copper switch bobbin, a non-inductively wound superconducting coil, a heating rod, a cold conducting rod, and a thermometer are used to constitute a conduction cooling type superconducting switch. One end of the cold guide rod is connected with the switch framework, and the other end of the cold guide rod is connected with the superconducting magnet framework; the heating rod is arranged on the switch framework, and the thermometer is also arranged on the switch framework. Other solutions some superconducting switches use a metal or non-metal skeleton, or use a superconducting coil and a heating coil wound without inductance, but most do not consider a design suitable for conduction cooling, nor mention the charging and discharging problems and the coil protection problems of a conduction cooling superconducting magnet using a superconducting switch for closed-loop operation.
In the above-mentioned patent application, lead cold pole one end and connect the superconducting switch skeleton, the superconducting magnet skeleton is connected to one end, and the superconducting magnet needs the magnet skeleton of cooling down earlier, recooling superconducting switch, and speed is slower, and switch superconducting coil only relies on the contact of skeleton and leading cold pole to come indirect cooling, and it is more time-consuming to want to reach the temperature equilibrium of whole superconducting switch. In addition, the temperature measured by the thermometer arranged on the switch framework reflects the temperature of the contact position of the thermometer and cannot reflect the temperature and the state of the superconducting coil of the switch in real time, because the heat transfer time delay exists between the switch framework and the superconducting coil, even if the measured value of the thermometer reaches the superconducting state temperature of the coil, the coil is not necessarily in the superconducting state. The same limitations apply to conduction cooled magnets. In addition, the problems of charging and discharging and coil protection of the superconducting switch with respect to conduction cooling for the conduction cooled superconducting magnet are not mentioned.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a superconducting switch for conduction cooling and a superconducting magnet device thereof, which solve the problems of low cooling efficiency of the superconducting switch for conduction cooling, real-time detection of the cooling state of the superconducting switch and a main superconducting coil, and the problems of coil charging and discharging and coil protection of the superconducting switch for conduction cooling in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a superconducting switch for conduction cooling comprises a switch framework, and a switch superconducting coil, a switch cold-conducting coil and a switch heating coil which are wound on the switch framework; the switch superconducting coil and the switch cold-conducting coil are wound at intervals and are provided with three layers in total, copper cables are led out from the beginning and the end of the switch superconducting coil to serve as resistance detection lines, current leads are led out from the beginning and the end of the switch superconducting coil, the current leads and the copper cables at the beginning and the end of the switch superconducting coil form a four-wire resistance measurement circuit, and whether the superconducting switch enters a quench or non-quench state is judged by detecting the resistance of the switch superconducting coil; the starting end and the tail end of the switch cold conduction coil are in thermal connection with a cold head of the superconducting magnet device; the switch heating coil is attached to the switch superconducting coil for winding, and copper cables are led out from the beginning and the end of the switch heating coil and used for heating the switch superconducting coil by current.
The starting end and the tail end of the switch cold conduction coil are connected with cold conduction components of the superconducting magnet device, and the switch cold conduction coil is connected with a cold head of the superconducting magnet device through the cold conduction components.
Furthermore, the superconducting switch also comprises a copper annular hoop encircling the outermost coil and a flexible copper connection connected with the switch framework.
The starting end and the tail end of the switch cold conduction coil are fixed on the switch framework, the flexible copper connected to the switch framework is connected with a cold head of the superconducting magnet device, and the connection of the switch cold conduction coil and the cold head of the superconducting magnet device is realized.
The switch comprises a switch framework, a plurality of wire inlet and outlet gaps and a plurality of threaded holes, wherein the two end surfaces of the switch framework are provided with at least two wire inlet and outlet gaps and a plurality of threaded holes, and wire columns are arranged in the threaded holes; and the copper cables led out from the two ends of the switch superconducting coil and the switch heating coil are fixed on the wire guide columns.
The switch superconducting coil and the switch heating coil are wound on the switch framework in a non-inductive double-winding mode, and the folding positions of the switch superconducting coil and the switch heating coil are hung in a wire inlet and outlet gap of the switch framework.
The other technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a superconducting magnet device for conduction cooling comprises the superconducting switch, a main superconducting coil, a vacuum container, a radiation-proof layer, a cold head, a magnet charging and discharging circuit, a heating power supply, a resistance/voltage measuring instrument and a cold conducting component; the radiation-proof layer is arranged in the vacuum container and is connected with the primary flange of the cold head; the main superconducting coil and the superconducting switch are positioned in the vacuum container, and the magnet charging and discharging circuit, the heating power supply and the resistance/voltage measuring instrument are positioned outside the vacuum container; the main superconducting coil is electrically connected with a switch superconducting coil of the superconducting switch, and current leads at the beginning and the end of the switch superconducting coil are connected with the magnet charging and discharging circuit; the copper cables led out from the beginning and the end of the main superconducting coil, the copper cables led out from the beginning and the end of the switch superconducting coil and the copper cables led out from the current leads positioned on two sides of the switch superconducting coil are all connected with the resistance/voltage measuring instrument; copper cables at the beginning and the end of a switch heating coil of the superconducting switch are connected with the heating power supply; and the main superconducting coil, the current lead and the switch cold-conducting coil of the superconducting switch are all in thermal connection with the secondary flange of the cold head.
The magnet charging and discharging circuit is composed of a charging power supply and an energy leakage diode stack, and the energy leakage diode stack is formed by reversely connecting at least 2 diodes in parallel.
The main superconducting coil is formed by connecting a plurality of sub-coils in series, copper cables are led out from two ends of each sub-coil, and an energy-discharging diode stack is connected between every two adjacent copper cables; and the copper cables at the two ends of each sub-coil are connected with the resistance/voltage measuring instrument.
The main superconducting coil and the current lead are connected with the secondary flange of the cold head through the cold guide component, and the switch cold guide coil of the superconducting switch is connected with the secondary flange of the cold head through flexible copper on a switch framework of the superconducting switch or the cold guide component.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the superconducting switch not only can wind the switch superconducting coil, the switch cold-conducting coil and the switch heating coil on the switch framework, the start end and the tail end of the cold-conducting coil are fixed on the switch framework, the switch framework is connected to the secondary flange of the cold head through flexible copper, but also can set the switch cold-conducting coil into a hollow thin tube to adapt to the condition that a small amount of liquid helium and helium are needed to carry out pipeline cooling, and the switch structure forms a direct-connection cooling path with large area contact between the cold head and the switch superconducting coil, so that the superconducting switch can be cooled more quickly and uniformly.
2. The mode of detecting the resistance of the switch superconducting coil and the resistance of the main superconducting coil is used for replacing the mode of temperature measurement to judge whether the superconducting switch and the main superconducting coil enter a quench state or a quench state, so that the method has high real-time performance and sensitivity, can avoid the delay of temperature measurement and prevent misjudgment.
3. The conduction cooling superconducting magnet device using the superconducting switch can be operated in a closed loop mode or an open loop mode. When the charging power supply operates in an open loop mode, the switching heating coil is turned on only under the condition that the charging power supply stably outputs current, and the switching heating coil is turned off when the charging power supply operates in a closed loop mode.
4. When any coil quench occurs, the energy-discharging diode is turned on to protect the power supply, the superconducting switch, the main superconducting coil and the current lead, and part of energy of the main superconducting coil can be led out of the magnet when the field-up and field-down quench occurs, so that the temperature in the magnet is prevented from being too high, and the cold consumption of secondary cooling is reduced. And the first quench coil and quench sequence can be known by detecting the voltage between each coil and the current lead, which is convenient for subsequent analysis.
5. According to the conduction cooling superconducting magnet device, the main superconducting coil and the superconducting switch are directly cooled by the cold head secondary flange, and the radiation-proof layer is directly cooled by the cold head primary flange, so that the consumption of part of cold energy in the transmission process can be reduced, and the magnet can enter and exit a superconducting state more quickly.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention discloses a schematic structure of a superconducting switch;
FIG. 2: the end face structure schematic diagram of the switch framework of the superconducting switch is disclosed;
FIG. 3: the superconducting magnet device of the invention has a schematic structure;
FIG. 4: the invention relates to a work flow chart of a superconducting switch and a superconducting magnet device thereof.
The attached drawings are marked as follows: 1-switch framework, 2-switch superconducting coil, 3-switch cold-conducting coil, 4-switch heating coil, 5-annular hoop, 6-flexible copper connection, 7-lead column, 8-lead-in and lead-out gap, 9-threaded hole, 10-copper cable, 11-superconducting switch, 12-main superconducting coil, 13-magnet charging and discharging circuit, 14-primary flange, 15-secondary flange, 16-radiation-proof layer, 17-vacuum container, 18-heating power supply, 19-charging power supply, 20-energy-discharging diode stack, 21-current lead, 22-cold head and 23-resistance/voltage measuring instrument.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are illustrated and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
example one
The embodiment is suitable for a superconducting magnet scene without liquid helium and helium circulating in a pipeline, and can enable the superconducting magnet to achieve heat balance more uniformly and rapidly.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a superconducting switch for conduction cooling comprises a switch skeleton 1, a switch superconducting coil 2, a switch cold-conducting coil 3 and a switch heating coil 4 wound on the switch skeleton 1, a copper annular hoop 5 surrounding the outermost coil, and a flexible copper connection 6 connected with the switch skeleton 1.
The switch framework 1 is integrally processed by a copper bar or a copper pipe (aluminum bar or aluminum pipe), and flanges at two ends of the switch framework are provided with at least two wire inlet and outlet gaps 8 and a plurality of threaded holes 9; the threaded hole 9 is provided with a wire guide post 7.
The switch superconducting coil 2 and the switch cold-conducting coil 3 are wound at intervals and are provided with three layers in total, wherein the switch superconducting coil 2 is arranged at the bottommost layer and the switch cold-conducting coil 3 is arranged at the uppermost layer, and the switch cold-conducting coil 3 is arranged at the middle layer; alternatively, the lowest layer and the uppermost layer may be the switching cold conduction coil 3, and the middle layer may be the switching superconducting coil 2. Copper cables 10 are led out from the beginning end and the end of the switch superconducting coil 2 to serve as resistance detection lines, meanwhile, current leads 21 are led out from the beginning end and the end of the switch superconducting coil 2, the current leads 21 and the copper cables 10 at the beginning end and the end of the switch superconducting coil 2 form a four-wire resistance measurement circuit, and whether the superconducting switch 11 enters a quench state or a quench state is judged in a mode of detecting the resistance of the switch superconducting coil 2. The start end and the end of the switch cold-conducting coil 3 are fixed on the switch framework 1, and meanwhile, the flexible copper connection 6 connected to the switch framework 1 is connected with a cold head 22 of the superconducting magnet device, so that the connection between the switch cold-conducting coil 3 and the cold head 22 of the superconducting magnet device is realized. The switch heating coil 4 is attached to the switch superconducting coil 2 for winding, and copper cables 10 are led out from the beginning and the end of the switch heating coil 4 and used for heating the switch superconducting coil 2 by current. The switching superconducting coil 2, the switching cold-conducting coil 3 and the switching heating coil 4 have electrical independence, are insulated from each other, and are preferably integrated by a heat-conductive low-temperature resin. The switch superconducting coil 2 is in a superconducting state at low temperature, and a niobium-titanium wire (suboptimal niobium-tin wire) is preferably selected as a wire material; the switch cold-conducting coil 3 can be a high-quality copper cable or an aluminum cable; the switch heating coil 4 is an alloy resistance wire (preferably constantan wire or other alloy resistance wire coated with an insulating layer). The switch superconducting coil 2 and the switch heating coil 4 are both provided with insulating layers and wound on the switch framework 1 in a non-inductive double-winding mode, and the folding position of the switch superconducting coil and the folding position of the switch heating coil are hung in a wire inlet and outlet gap 8 of the switch framework 1. The copper cables 10 led out from the two ends of the switch superconducting coil 2 and the switch heating coil 4 are both copper wires covered with insulating skins, and are fixed on the wire column 7 and led out of the superconducting magnet, the material of the wire column 7 is preferably non-metal, and if the material is metal, the fixing mode of the copper cables 10 should ensure insulation.
The two ends of the annular hoop 5 are lapped on the two ends of the switch framework 1, and the annular hoop, the switch framework 1, the switch superconducting coil 2, the switch cold-conducting coil 3 and the switch heating coil 4 are combined into a whole by low-temperature resin. One end of the flexible copper connection 6 is fixed on the switch framework 1, and the other end is connected with a secondary flange 15 of a cold head 22 of the superconducting magnet device.
Example two
The second embodiment is suitable for a superconducting magnet scene in which a small amount of liquid helium and helium gas circulates in a pipeline to diffuse cold energy so as to achieve the purpose of conduction cooling, and can enable the superconducting magnet to achieve heat balance more uniformly and rapidly.
A superconducting switch for conduction cooling is disclosed, on the basis of the superconducting switch shown in the first embodiment, an annular hoop 5 and a flexible copper connection 6 are removed, and the superconducting switch only comprises a switch framework 1, and a switch superconducting coil 2, a switch cold-conducting coil 3 and a switch heating coil 4 which are wound on the switch framework 1.
The structural form of the switch framework 1 is that the arrangement mode of the switch superconducting coil 2, the switch cold-conducting coil 3 and the switch heating coil 4 is the same as that of the first embodiment, the material selection of the switch superconducting coil 2 and the switch heating coil 4 is also the same as that of the first embodiment, the switch cold-conducting coil 3 adopts a thin copper tube or a thin aluminum tube, the cold-conducting parts of the superconducting magnet device are connected to the beginning and the end of the switch cold-conducting coil 3, and the cold-conducting parts are connected with the cold head 22 of the superconducting magnet device.
As shown in fig. 3, the superconducting magnet device for conduction cooling using the superconducting switch 11 according to the first or second embodiment includes, in addition to the superconducting switch 11 according to the first or second embodiment, a main superconducting coil 12, a current lead 21, a vacuum vessel 17, a radiation-shielding layer 16, a cold head 22, a magnet charging/discharging circuit 13, a resistance/voltage measuring instrument 23, a cold conducting member, and the like. The radiation protection layer 16 is contained in the vacuum container 17, surrounds the main superconducting coil 12, the superconducting switch 11 and the current lead 21, and is directly connected with the primary flange 14 of the cold head 22. The magnet charging and discharging circuit 13, the heating power supply 18 and the resistance/voltage measuring instrument 23 are positioned outside the vacuum container 17. The main superconducting coil 12 is electrically connected with the switch superconducting coil 2 of the superconducting switch 11, current leads 21 at the beginning and the end of the switch superconducting coil 2 are connected with the magnet charging and discharging circuit 13, the magnet charging and discharging circuit 13 is composed of a charging power supply 19 and an energy-discharging diode stack 20, the energy-discharging diode stack 20 is formed by reversely connecting at least 2 diodes in parallel, the conducting voltage of the diodes is higher than the induced voltage of the main superconducting coil 12 during charging, and the charging power supply 19, the superconducting switch 11 and the current leads 21 can be protected; the energy leakage diode stack 20 can be selectively connected with a resistor in series to enhance the energy leakage capacity; the charging power supply 19 is turned on when the field is lifted and turned off at other times. The main superconducting coil 12 is formed by connecting at least 2 sub-coils in series, and is generally supported on a framework made of metal or fixed in the vacuum container 17 and the radiation-proof layer 16 in other modes; copper cables 10 are led out from two ends of each sub-coil, an energy-discharging diode stack 20 is connected between every two adjacent copper cables 10, and the conduction voltage of the energy-discharging diode stack 20 is higher than the induction voltage of the sub-coil connected with the energy-discharging diode stack 20 in parallel when the sub-coil rises; the copper cables 10 at the two ends of each sub-coil, the copper cables 10 at the beginning and the end of the switch superconducting coil 2 and the copper cables 10 led out from the current leads 21 positioned at the two sides of the switch superconducting coil 2 are all connected with the resistance/voltage measuring instrument 23, wherein the copper cables 10 led out from the current leads 21 are connected with the resistance/voltage measuring instrument 23, the resistance detection is used for replacing the function of a thermometer, and meanwhile, the protection function is achieved when the switch superconducting coil 2 and the main superconducting coil 12 are electrified through connecting energy-discharging diodes. The copper cables 10 at the beginning and the end of the switch heating coil 4 of the superconducting switch 11 are connected with the heating power supply 18; the main superconducting coil 12 and the current lead 21 are thermally connected with the secondary flange 15 of the cold head 22 through the cold conducting component, the cold conducting component is a combination of a series of heat transfer structures and transmits cold energy to each position of the superconducting magnet device, so that the system finally achieves low-temperature balance; when the superconducting switch 11 according to the first embodiment is used, the switch cold-conducting coil 3 of the superconducting switch 11 is connected with the secondary flange 15 of the cold head 22 through the flexible copper connection 6 on the switch framework 1 of the superconducting switch 11, and when the superconducting switch 11 according to the second embodiment is used, the switch cold-conducting coil 3 of the superconducting switch 11 is actually a hollow thin metal tube and is connected with the secondary flange 15 of the cold head 22 through a pipeline of a cold-conducting component. In closed loop operation, the magnet charging and discharging circuit 13 may be one of removed and removed.
When the superconducting magnet device is cooled, because there is no current in the loop at this time, the diode is not conducted and is equivalent to an open circuit, the resistance/voltage measuring instrument 23 replaces a thermometer to detect the resistance of each sub-coil of the switch superconducting coil 2 and the main superconducting coil 12 to judge whether the sub-coil enters a superconducting state, because the superconducting switch 11 has small cold mass, the superconducting state is always entered into the superconducting state at the first, and the following conditions are provided:
1. when the sub-coils of the superconducting switch 11 and the main superconducting coil 12 do not enter the superconducting state, the resistances at the two ends of the superconducting switch 11 and the main superconducting sub-coils are not zero.
2. When the superconducting switch 11 enters a superconducting state and the other main superconducting sub-coils do not enter the superconducting state, the resistance at the two ends of the superconducting switch 11 is zero, and the resistance at the two ends of the other main superconducting sub-coils is not zero;
3. when the superconducting switch 11 enters a superconducting state and other main superconducting sub-coils enter a superconducting state, the switch heating coil 4 of the superconducting switch 11 is heated by the heating power supply 18 to recover the non-superconducting state, the resistance at two ends of the main superconducting sub-coil in the superconducting state is zero, and the resistance at two ends of the main superconducting sub-coil in the non-superconducting state is not zero.
4. When the superconducting switch 11 and the main superconducting sub-coil both enter a superconducting state, the switch heating coil 4 of the superconducting switch 11 is heated by the heating power supply 18 to be restored to a non-superconducting state, and the resistance between the coils is zero.
Accordingly, after confirming that the main superconducting sub-coils are all in the superconducting state, the on-off heating coil 4 is continuously heated, so that the field-up operation can be performed, and the on-off heating coil 4 is closed if the field is not increased temporarily. This reduces the use of expensive thermometers to reduce cost and increases detection sensitivity.
When the superconducting magnet device is charged by the charging power supply 19 to raise the field, the switch heating coil 4 is started to heat to enable the switch superconducting coil 2 to be in a non-superconducting state, and the main superconducting coil 12 is in a superconducting state at the moment, so that the current in the main superconducting coil 12 can be gradually raised, and the magnet is magnetized; during closed loop, the switch heating coil 4 is cut off, the switch cold-conducting coil 3 can quickly transmit cold energy generated by the secondary flange 15 of the cold head 22 to the switch superconducting coil 2 to enable the switch superconducting coil 2 to gradually enter a superconducting state, so that current passes through the switch superconducting coil 2 to enable the magnet to realize closed loop operation, if closed loop operation is not needed, the switch heating coil 4 is always started to keep the output current of the charging power supply 19 stable, and the current of the charging power supply 19 is reduced to 0A when the field needs to be reduced so as to finish field reduction; when the superconducting magnet device falls from a closed loop state, the charging power supply 19 is firstly switched on, the switch heating coil 4 is switched on to quench the switch superconducting coil 2, so that the current passes through the energy-leakage diode stack 20 and the charging power supply 19 in the magnet charging and discharging circuit 13, and the loop current is gradually reduced to 0A.
In the above operations, the states of the superconducting coils can be detected by detecting the resistance or voltage of the superconducting coils, and particularly, when the quench occurs in the main superconducting coil 12, the superconducting switch 11, and the current lead 21 under any condition, not only can each energy-discharging diode stack 20 automatically turn on the energy discharge to protect the main superconducting coil 12, the switching superconducting coil 2, the current lead 21, and the charging power supply 19, but also the first quench coil and the quench sequence can be known through the voltage diagnosis of the copper cables 10 at the two ends of the main superconducting coil 12, the superconducting switch 11, and the current lead 21, so as to provide a basis for analyzing problems.
According to the superconducting switch 11 for conduction cooling and the superconducting magnet device thereof, the purpose is to improve the cooling efficiency of the superconducting switch 11 and the real-time performance and sensitivity of the superconducting coil state detection, and provide a charging and discharging and coil protection scheme for the superconducting switch 11 for conduction cooling of the superconducting magnet device. Similar superconducting switches 11 can be made with other configurations, as in the previously described prior patents, using multiple thermometers as close as possible to the superconducting coil to improve the real-time and sensitivity of the test, but do not necessarily have the advantages of the inventive arrangements.
Specifically, for example, the heating coil may be modified so that it is not necessary to wind the switching superconducting coil 2 one turn by one turn, and a mesh-like heating sheet with an insulating layer may be used instead. In summary, the use of a superconducting magnet for closed loop conduction cooling of the superconducting switch 11 is less documented and minor modifications or variations may be possible by those skilled in the art, but may not readily fully defeat the structure and arrangement described herein.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make many modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A superconducting switch for conduction cooling is characterized by comprising a switch framework (1), and a switch superconducting coil (2), a switch cold-conducting coil (3) and a switch heating coil (4) which are wound on the switch framework (1); the switch superconducting coil (2) and the switch cold-conducting coil (3) are wound at intervals and are provided with three layers in total, copper cables (10) are led out from the beginning and the end of the switch superconducting coil (2) to be used as resistance detection lines, meanwhile, current leads (21) are led out from the beginning and the end of the switch superconducting coil (2), the current leads (21) and the copper cables (10) at the beginning and the end of the switch superconducting coil (2) form a four-wire resistance measurement circuit, and whether the superconducting switch (11) enters a quench state or a quench state is judged by detecting the resistance of the switch superconducting coil (2); the starting end and the tail end of the switch cold conducting coil (3) are in thermal connection with a cold head (22) of the superconducting magnet device; the switch heating coil (4) is attached to the switch superconducting coil (2) for winding, and copper cables (10) are led out from the beginning and the end of the switch heating coil (4) and used for heating the switch superconducting coil (2) by current.
2. A superconducting switch for conduction cooling according to claim 1, further comprising an annular hoop (5) of copper surrounding the outermost coil, and flexible copper connections (6) connecting the switch armature (1).
3. A superconducting switch for conduction cooling according to claim 2, wherein the beginning and end ends of the switch cold-conducting coil (3) are fixed on the switch frame (1), the flexible copper connection (6) connected on the switch frame (1) is connected with the cold head (22) of the superconducting magnet device, and the connection of the switch cold-conducting coil (3) and the cold head (22) of the superconducting magnet device is realized.
4. A superconducting switch for conduction cooling according to claim 1, wherein the beginning and end of the switch cold-conducting coil (3) are connected with cold-conducting parts of a superconducting magnet device, and are connected with a cold head (22) of the superconducting magnet device through the cold-conducting parts.
5. A superconducting switch for conduction cooling according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that both end faces of the switch skeleton (1) are provided with at least two wire inlet and outlet slits (8) and a plurality of threaded holes (9), and a wire column (7) is arranged in the threaded hole (9); and the switch superconducting coil (2) and the copper cable (10) led out from the two ends of the switch heating coil (4) are fixed on the lead column (7).
6. A superconducting switch for conduction cooling according to claim 5, characterized in that the switch superconducting coil (2) and the switch heating coil (4) are both wound on the switch bobbin (1) in a non-inductive double-winding manner, and the folding positions of the switch superconducting coil (2) and the switch heating coil (4) are hung in the wire inlet and outlet gap (8) of the switch bobbin (1).
7. A conduction-cooled superconducting magnet device, comprising a superconducting switch (11) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, a main superconducting coil (12), a vacuum vessel (17), a radiation-proof layer (16), a cold head (22), a magnet charging and discharging circuit (13), a heating power supply (18), a resistance/voltage measuring instrument (23), a cold conducting component; the radiation-proof layer (16) is arranged in the vacuum container (17) and is connected with the primary flange (14) of the cold head (22); the main superconducting coil (12) and the superconducting switch (11) are positioned in the vacuum container (17), and the magnet charging and discharging circuit (13), the heating power supply (18) and the resistance/voltage measuring instrument (23) are positioned outside the vacuum container (17); the main superconducting coil (12) is electrically connected with a switch superconducting coil (2) of the superconducting switch (11), and current leads (21) at the beginning and the end of the switch superconducting coil (2) are connected with the magnet charging and discharging circuit (13); the copper cables (10) led out from the beginning end and the end of the main superconducting coil (12), the copper cables (10) led out from the beginning end and the end of the switch superconducting coil (2) and the copper cables (10) led out from the current leads (21) positioned on the two sides of the switch superconducting coil (2) are all connected with the resistance/voltage measuring instrument (23); copper cables (10) at the beginning and the end of a switch heating coil (4) of the superconducting switch (11) are connected with the heating power supply (18); the main superconducting coil (12), the current lead (21) and the switch cold-conducting coil (3) of the superconducting switch (11) are all in thermal connection with the secondary flange (15) of the cold head (22).
8. A conduction cooled superconducting magnet arrangement according to claim 7, wherein the magnet charging and discharging circuit (13) is comprised of a charging power supply (19) and a dump diode stack (20), the dump diode stack (20) being formed by at least 2 diodes connected in anti-parallel.
9. A conduction cooled superconducting magnet device according to claim 7, wherein the main superconducting coil (12) is formed by connecting a plurality of sub-coils in series, copper wires (10) are led out from both ends of each sub-coil, and a bleeder diode stack (20) is connected between adjacent copper wires (10); and the copper cables (10) at two ends of each sub-coil are connected with the resistance/voltage measuring instrument (23).
10. A conduction cooled superconducting magnet device according to claim 7, wherein the main superconducting coil (12) and current lead (21) are connected to the secondary flange (15) of the coldhead (22) through the cold conducting part, and the switch cold conducting coil (3) of the superconducting switch (11) is connected to the secondary flange (15) of the coldhead (22) through the flexible copper connection (6) on the switch skeleton (1) of the superconducting switch (11) or the cold conducting part.
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| CN110571011B (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2021-10-22 | 上海联影医疗科技股份有限公司 | Superconducting magnet system and quench control method for magnetic resonance equipment |
| WO2021028277A1 (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2021-02-18 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Superconducting switch state detection for superconducting magnet control |
| GB2592264B (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2022-03-09 | Siemens Healthcare Ltd | Method for detecting closure of a superconducting switch |
| CN111863287B (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2023-03-07 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Large superconducting magnet mechanically operated superconducting switch |
| CN113130162B (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-11-18 | 华北电力大学 | Excitation method for bit-like high-temperature superconducting magnet controlled by thermal switch |
| CN113993236A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-01-28 | 国核铀业发展有限责任公司 | Liquid helium-free superconducting induction heating device |
| CN114613568A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-06-10 | 华中科技大学 | Superconducting magnet device |
| CN114909818B (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-10-04 | 南方科技大学 | Tin separating and combining device for nuclear heat insulation demagnetization refrigeration system |
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| JP2001167923A (en) * | 1999-12-06 | 2001-06-22 | Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd | Refrigerator cooled superconducting magnet |
| US8384504B2 (en) * | 2006-01-06 | 2013-02-26 | Quantum Design International, Inc. | Superconducting quick switch |
| CN201478345U (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-05-19 | 西门子迈迪特(深圳)磁共振有限公司 | Superconducting switch |
| CN201674471U (en) * | 2010-05-21 | 2010-12-15 | 南京丰盛超导技术有限公司 | Thermal control superconducting switch with superconducting joints |
| CN102214911B (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2014-01-22 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Superconducting magnet quenching protection device |
| JP5386550B2 (en) * | 2011-07-05 | 2014-01-15 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Superconducting switch, superconducting magnet, and MRI |
| CN102361318B (en) * | 2011-09-09 | 2014-01-22 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Superconducting magnet quench protective device with auxiliary superconductive switch |
| JP2013225399A (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2013-10-31 | Fujikura Ltd | Oxide superconducting wire rod and superconducting coil |
| CN105378861B (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2017-09-29 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Superconducting magnet |
| CN103647541B (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2017-05-17 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Superconducting switch with radiation shielding cylinder |
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