CN110071634B - Bootstrap circuit and associated DC-to-DC converter using the same - Google Patents

Bootstrap circuit and associated DC-to-DC converter using the same Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110071634B
CN110071634B CN201810062570.1A CN201810062570A CN110071634B CN 110071634 B CN110071634 B CN 110071634B CN 201810062570 A CN201810062570 A CN 201810062570A CN 110071634 B CN110071634 B CN 110071634B
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transistor
circuit
terminal
voltage
coupled
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CN110071634A (en
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杨曜玮
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Elite Semiconductor Memory Technology Inc
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Elite Semiconductor Memory Technology Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load

Abstract

A bootstrap circuit is applied to a first transistor of a DC-DC converter and comprises a second transistor, a bootstrap capacitor and a clamping circuit. The bootstrap capacitor has a first terminal coupled to the source terminal of the second transistor and a second terminal coupled to the source terminal of the first transistor. The clamp circuit is coupled between the gate terminal of the second transistor and the second terminal of the bootstrap capacitor, and the clamp circuit is configured to maintain a potential difference between the second terminal of the bootstrap capacitor and the gate terminal of the second transistor. The drain terminal of the second transistor is coupled to a first reference voltage, and the maximum value of the voltage level of the gate terminal of the first transistor is greater than the first reference voltage.

Description

Bootstrap circuit and associated DC-to-DC converter using the same
Technical Field
The invention relates to a bootstrap circuit and an associated DC-DC converter using the same.
Background
Taking the buck converter as an example, the buck converter provides current to the inductor and the capacitor by switching on/off states of the plurality of switching elements, so that the input voltage, which is the highest voltage value in the circuit, can be reduced to obtain the output voltage. In addition, for a buck converter with a high input voltage, in order to reduce power consumption and obtain a required pull-up resistance, an N-type transistor is often used, wherein the N-type transistor has a characteristic of having a small potential difference between a gate terminal and a source terminal and a large potential difference between the drain terminal and the source terminal. In order to enable the N-type transistor, among the gate terminal, the source terminal, and the drain terminal of the N-type transistor, the voltage level of the gate terminal should be the highest voltage level among the three terminals. Therefore, when the source terminal is charged with the voltage value of the input voltage, the voltage level of the gate terminal cannot be higher than that of the source terminal without compensation, and the transistor will be difficult to be enabled.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a bootstrap circuit and an associated dc-to-dc converter, so as to solve the aforementioned problems.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a bootstrap circuit applied to a first transistor of a DC-DC converter is disclosed. The bootstrap circuit includes a second transistor, a bootstrap capacitor and a clamp circuit, wherein the bootstrap capacitor has a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal is coupled to the source terminal of the second transistor, and the source terminal of the second transistor is coupled to the first transistor. The clamp circuit is coupled between the gate terminal of the second transistor and the second terminal of the bootstrap capacitor, and the clamp circuit is configured to maintain a potential difference between the second terminal of the bootstrap capacitor and the gate terminal of the second transistor. The drain terminal of the second transistor is coupled to a first reference voltage, and the maximum value of the voltage level of the gate terminal of the first transistor is greater than the first reference voltage.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a dc-to-dc converter is disclosed. The DC-DC converter comprises a switching circuit, an inductor-capacitor circuit, a feedback circuit and a bootstrap circuit. The switch circuit comprises a first transistor and a second transistor, wherein a switching end is coupled to a source end of the first transistor and a drain end of the second transistor, and the drain end of the first transistor is coupled with a first reference voltage. The inductor-capacitor circuit includes at least one inductor and a capacitor, and the inductor-capacitor circuit is configured to receive an inductor current from a first reference voltage source through a switch circuit to provide energy to a subsequent load. The feedback circuit is coupled to the inductor-capacitor circuit, and the feedback circuit is configured to generate an output voltage at the output terminal and generate a feedback voltage. The bootstrap circuit includes a third transistor, a bootstrap capacitor and a clamp circuit, wherein a source terminal of the third transistor is coupled to the first transistor, the bootstrap capacitor has a first terminal and a second terminal, and the first terminal is coupled to a source terminal of the third transistor. The clamp circuit is coupled between the gate terminal of the third transistor and the second terminal of the bootstrap capacitor, and is configured to maintain a potential difference between the second terminal of the bootstrap capacitor and the gate terminal of the third transistor. The drain terminal of the third transistor is coupled to a first reference voltage, and the maximum value of the voltage level of the gate terminal of the transistor is greater than the first reference voltage.
These and other objects of the present invention will no doubt become obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after having read the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments which are illustrated in the various drawing figures and drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a buck converter employing a bootstrap circuit of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a bootstrapped circuit according to an embodiment of the invention; and
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a clamp circuit according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Certain terms are used throughout the description and claims to refer to particular components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, manufacturers may refer to components by different names. This description does not specifically distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. In the following description and claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should not be interpreted as closed-ended terms such as "consisting of … …". Additionally, the term "coupled" is intended to mean either an indirect or direct electrical connection. Thus, if one device couples to another device, that connection may be through a direct electrical connection, or through an indirect electrical connection via other devices and connections.
As described in the prior art, for a dc-to-dc converter such as a buck converter, a bootstrap circuit is required. Fig. 1 illustrates a current-mode buck-type converter 10 having a bootstrap circuit 105. The current-mode buck converter 10 includes an input voltage source 101, a switching circuit 102, an inductor-capacitor circuit 103, and a feedback circuit 104. The input voltage source 101 is used to provide an input voltage Vin. The switch circuit 102 includes transistors MD1 and MD2 used as switches. The inductor-capacitor circuit 103 includes an inductor L and a capacitor C, and the inductor-capacitor circuit 103 receives an inductor current I from the input voltage source 101 via the switch circuit 102LTo provide energy for subsequent use by the load. The feedback circuit 104 includes a resistor R1And R2The feedback circuit 104 is used for measuring the inductor current ILAt terminal N1Generating a feedback voltage VFBWherein the terminal N1Coupled at a resistor R1And R2In the meantime. In addition, the feedback circuit 104 is used for generating the inductor current ILAnd a load current ILOADGenerating an output voltage V at an output terminal OUTO. As shown in FIG. 1, the switch circuit 102 further includes a switch terminal NSWSwitching terminal NSWCoupled between the source terminal of the transistor MD1 and the drain terminal of the transistor MD2, and as shown in FIG. 1, the voltage level of the switching terminal is labeled VSW. In this embodiment, transistors MD1 and MD2 are implemented with N-type Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) having a lower pull-up resistance, and a pull-up resistance below a certain default value simultaneously means that the transistors have less power consumption. Need toIt is noted that the foregoing is illustrative only and is not intended to be limiting. In other embodiments, transistors MD1 and MD2 may be implemented by other types of transistors. In addition, in other embodiments, the transistor MD2 as a switch may be replaced by a schottky diode (schottky diode), but is not limited thereto.
The bootstrap circuit 105 is coupled to the switch circuit 102, and the bootstrap circuit 105 is used to boost the voltage level of the gate terminal of the transistor MD 1. The bootstrap circuit 105 will be further described in the following paragraphs. The current-mode buck converter 10 may further include a peak current mode control circuit 106. The peak current mode control circuit 106 includes: error amplifier 116, adder 126, PWM comparator 146, control logic 156, resistor R ', and capacitor C'. The error amplifier 116 includes a negative input terminal for receiving the feedback voltage V, a positive input terminal, and an output terminalFBA positive input terminal for receiving a reference voltage VrefThe error amplifier 116 is used for generating a feedback voltage VFBAnd a reference voltage VrefGenerating an output voltage V at an output terminalC. The adder 126 is used for receiving the current sensing voltage VSCAnd a slope voltage VRWherein the current senses the voltage VSCTerminal N is sensed by high side current sense circuit 1662Current generation, and slope voltage VRIs generated by the slope compensation circuit 136. The PWM comparator 146 includes an output terminal, and the PWM comparator 146 compares the output voltage V of the error amplifier 116CAnd the output voltage of the adder 126, and accordingly generates a PWM signal at its output. The control logic 156 is used to generate a control signal CTRL to the switch circuit 102, so that the transistors MD1 and MD2 can be controlled by the PWM signal. In this embodiment, the control logic 156 may include a buffer 156_1 (refer to fig. 2), the buffer 156_1 is configured to receive the PWM signal and generate and transmit the control signal CTRL to the transistor MD1 of the switch circuit 102. The resistor R 'and the capacitor C' are connected in series and coupled to the output terminal of the error amplifier 116, wherein the resistor R 'and the capacitor C' form a compensation circuit. However, the compensation circuit is not limited to be implemented by the resistor R 'and the capacitor C'.Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the compensation circuit may be implemented by different architectures. Meanwhile, the current-mode buck-type converter 10 having the slope compensation mechanism should be well known to those skilled in the art.
The present invention is directed to a bootstrap circuit 105 having a gate terminal of a boost transistor MD1 to solve the problems mentioned in the prior art, and it should be noted that the bootstrap circuit 105 disclosed in the present invention is not limited to be applied to the buck converter shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the bootstrap circuit 105 according to the embodiment of the present invention, and the bootstrap circuit 105 is coupled to the transistor MD1 of the switch circuit 102. As shown in fig. 2, the bootstrap circuit 105 includes a transistor MD3, a clamping circuit 210, a bootstrap capacitor 220, a driving current source 230, voltage regulating circuits 240 and 250, and a voltage source 260. The clamp circuit 210 is coupled to the gate terminal of the transistor MD3 and the switching terminal NSWMeanwhile, the clamp circuit 210 is used to maintain the potential difference between the two terminals. The bootstrap capacitor 220 is coupled to the source terminal N of the transistor MD3SAnd a switching terminal NSWThe bootstrap capacitor 220 is used to receive the input voltage VinIs charged to raise the source terminal NSVoltage level of (c). The driving current source 230 is coupled to the gate terminal of the transistor MD3 and the input voltage VinThe driving current source 230 is used to provide the driving current Id. The voltage regulator circuit 240 includes a Schottky diode SD1, the Schottky diode SD1 is coupled to the drain terminal of the transistor MD3 and the input voltage VinIn the meantime. Since the schottky diode SD1 is coupled to the drain terminal of the transistor MD3, the transistor MD3 can be easily maintained in the saturation state and can provide sufficient current to the bootstrap capacitor 220. The voltage regulating circuit 250 includes a Schottky diode SD2, the Schottky diode SD2 is coupled to the gate terminal NGAnd voltage source 260. The voltage source 260 is coupled between the voltage regulating circuit 250 and a reference voltage (i.e., ground voltage), and the voltage source 260 is used for providing a reference voltage VDD. As shown in fig. 2, the source terminal N of the transistor MD3SCoupled to the buffer 56_1 of the control logic 156, wherein,the buffer 156_1 receives the PWM signal, and the buffer 156_1 generates and transmits the control signal CTRL to the gate terminal of the transistor MD 1. By providing the stable energy to the bootstrap capacitor 220 with enough current from the transistor MD3, the control logic 156 can easily control the voltage level of the gate terminal of the transistor MD1 to raise the voltage level of the gate terminal of the transistor MD1 to the input voltage VinTo solve the problems mentioned in the prior art.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a clamp circuit 210 according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 3, the clamp circuit 210 includes a plurality of clamp transistors CT1-CTnWherein a plurality of clamp transistors CT1-CTnAre implemented by transistors in the form of diodes. For example, a plurality of clamp transistors CT1-CTnA gate terminal and a drain terminal of each of the plurality of clamp transistors CT are coupled to each other, and1-CTnare connected in series with each other. In this embodiment, a plurality of clamp transistors CT1-CTnEach having the same threshold voltage (V)tAnd the gate terminal N of the transistor MD3GAnd a switching terminal NSWHas a potential difference NVt. In other embodiments, the threshold voltage V of each of the plurality of clamp transistors CT1-CTntAnd are not limited to the same. It is noted that the reference voltage VDDDesigned to be larger than the gate terminal N of the transistor MD3GAnd a switching terminal NSWPotential difference NV therebetweentI.e. VDD>NVt. According to the bootstrap circuit 105 disclosed in the present embodiment, the bootstrap capacitor 220 can be charged in the following states:
(1) when switching terminal NSWVoltage level V ofSWGreater than zero and voltage level VSWPlus a potential difference NVtIs less than the reference voltage VDDI.e. VSW>0，VSW+NVt<VDDThe voltage across bootstrap capacitor 220 is VDD-VSW-VGSIn which V isGSIs a gate terminal NGAnd source terminal NSThe potential difference of (a).
(2) When switching terminal NSWVoltage level V ofSWGreater than zero and voltage level VSWPlus a potential difference NVtIs greater than the reference voltage VDDI.e. VSW>0，VSW+NVt>VDDThe voltage across the bootstrap capacitor 220 is NVt-VGS。
(3) When switching terminal NSWVoltage level V ofSWApproaching zero, the voltage across bootstrap capacitor 220 is VDD-VGS。
(4) When switching terminal NSWVoltage level V ofSWLess than zero, the voltage across bootstrap capacitor 220 is VDD- VSW-VGS。
Except for the voltage level VSWClose to the input voltage VinIn addition, the bootstrap capacitor 220 can be charged under the above-mentioned conditions, so that the performance of the bootstrap circuit 105 can be significantly improved. The problems mentioned in the prior art can be effectively solved.
In summary, the present invention discloses a bootstrap circuit capable of effectively charging the bootstrap capacitor 220 to provide stable energy to the source terminal N of the transistor MD3SAnd a switching terminal NSWAnd the control logic 156 can easily control the voltage level of the gate terminal of the transistor MD1 such that the voltage level of the gate terminal of the transistor MD1 is raised to be higher than the input voltage Vin。
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention. Accordingly, the above disclosure should be construed as limited only by the metes and bounds of the appended claims.
List of reference numerals
10: current mode buck converter
101: input voltage source
102: switching circuit
103: inductance-capacitance circuit
104: feedback circuit
105: bootstrap circuit
106: peak current mode control circuit
116: error amplifier
126: adder
136: slope compensation circuit
146: PWM comparator
156: control logic circuit
156_ 1: buffer device
166: high side end current sensing circuit
210: clamping circuit
220: bootstrap capacitor
230: driving current source
240. 250: voltage regulating circuit
260: voltage source
C. C': capacitor with a capacitor element
Id: drive current
IL: inductive current
ILOAD: subsequent load current
L: inductance
MD1, MD2, MD 3: transistor with a metal gate electrode
NS: source terminal
NG: grid terminal
SD1, SD 2: schottky diode
CT、CT1-CTn: clamp transistor
N1、N2: terminal with a terminal body
PWM: PWM signal
R1、R'、R2: resistance (RC)
OUT: output end
Vin: input voltage
NVt: potential difference
NSW: switching terminal
CTRL: control signal
VSW: voltage level
VO: output voltage
Vref: reference voltage
Vc: output voltage
VR: ramp voltage
VFB: feedback voltage
VSC: current sensing voltage
VDD: high supply voltage
VGS: potential difference

Claims (18)

1. A bootstrap circuit applied to a first transistor of a DC-DC converter comprises:
a second transistor;
a bootstrap capacitor having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to a source terminal of the second transistor, and the source terminal of the second transistor is coupled to the first transistor;
a clamp coupled between a gate terminal of the second transistor and the second terminal of the bootstrap capacitor, the clamp configured to maintain a potential difference between the second terminal of the bootstrap capacitor and the gate terminal of the second transistor; and
a first voltage regulating circuit coupled between a drain terminal of the second transistor and a first reference voltage,
the drain terminal of the second transistor is coupled to the first reference voltage, and a maximum value of a voltage level of a gate terminal of the first transistor is greater than the first reference voltage.
2. The bootstrapped circuit of claim 1, wherein the first voltage regulating circuit comprises a schottky diode.
3. The bootstrapped circuit of claim 1, further comprising:
a driving current source coupled between the first reference voltage and the clamping circuit.
4. The bootstrapped circuit of claim 1, further comprising:
a second voltage regulating circuit coupled between the gate terminal of the second transistor and a second reference voltage.
5. The bootstrapped circuit of claim 4, wherein the second voltage regulating circuit comprises a Schottky diode.
6. The bootstrapped circuit of claim 1, wherein the clamp circuit comprises at least one clamp transistor.
7. The bootstrap circuit of claim 6, wherein a drain terminal of each said clamp transistor is coupled to a gate terminal of said clamp transistor.
8. The bootstrapped circuit of claim 6, further comprising:
a voltage source configured to provide a second reference voltage, wherein the second reference voltage is greater than a predetermined value, and the predetermined value is a sum of threshold voltages of the clamping transistors.
9. The bootstrap circuit of claim 8, wherein when the voltage level of the second terminal of the bootstrap capacitor is greater than zero and the second reference voltage is less than a sum of the voltage level of the second terminal of the bootstrap capacitor and the default value, the bootstrap capacitor is charged with a voltage equal to the default value minus a threshold voltage of the second transistor.
10. A dc-to-dc converter comprising:
a switch circuit, including a first transistor and a second transistor, wherein a switching terminal is coupled between a source terminal of the first transistor and a drain terminal of the second transistor, and a drain terminal of the first transistor is coupled to a first reference voltage;
an inductor-capacitor circuit comprising at least one inductor and a capacitor, wherein the inductor-capacitor circuit is configured to receive an inductor current of the first reference voltage via the switching circuit to provide energy to a subsequent load;
a feedback circuit coupled to the inductor-capacitor circuit, wherein the feedback circuit is configured to generate an output voltage at an output terminal and a feedback voltage; and
a bootstrapped circuit, comprising:
a third transistor, wherein a source terminal of the third transistor is coupled to the first transistor;
a clamp circuit coupled between a gate terminal of the third transistor and the switching terminal, wherein the clamp circuit is used for maintaining the voltage level of the switching terminal;
a bootstrap capacitor, wherein the bootstrap capacitor is coupled between the source terminal and the switching terminal of the third transistor; and
a first voltage regulating circuit coupled between a drain terminal of the third transistor and the first reference voltage,
wherein a maximum value of a voltage level of the gate terminal of the first transistor is greater than the first reference voltage.
11. The dc-to-dc converter of claim 10 wherein the first voltage regulation circuit comprises a schottky diode.
12. The dc-to-dc converter of claim 10, wherein the bootstrapped circuit further comprises:
a driving current source coupled between the first reference voltage and the clamping circuit.
13. The dc-to-dc converter of claim 10, wherein the bootstrapped circuit further comprises:
a second voltage regulating circuit coupled between the gate terminal of the third transistor and a second reference voltage.
14. The dc-to-dc converter of claim 13 wherein the second voltage regulation circuit comprises a schottky diode.
15. The dc-to-dc converter of claim 10, wherein the clamp circuit of the bootstrap circuit comprises at least one clamp transistor.
16. The dc-to-dc converter of claim 15 wherein a drain terminal of each of the clamp transistors is coupled to a gate terminal of the clamp transistor.
17. The dc-to-dc converter of claim 15, wherein the bootstrapped circuit comprises:
a voltage source configured to provide a second reference voltage, wherein the second reference voltage is greater than a predetermined value, and the predetermined value is a sum of threshold voltages of the clamping transistors.
18. The dc-to-dc converter as claimed in claim 17, wherein when the voltage level of the switching terminal is greater than zero and the second reference voltage is less than a sum of the voltage level of the switching terminal and the default value, the bootstrap capacitor is charged with a voltage equal to the default value minus a threshold voltage of the third transistor.
CN201810062570.1A 2018-01-23 2018-01-23 Bootstrap circuit and associated DC-to-DC converter using the same Active CN110071634B (en)

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CN110071634B true CN110071634B (en) 2020-06-23

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Family Cites Families (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100449864B1 (en) * 2002-07-18 2004-09-22 주식회사 하이닉스반도체 Boosting circuit
US7518352B2 (en) * 2007-05-11 2009-04-14 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Bootstrap clamping circuit for DC/DC regulators and method thereof
CN204271895U (en) * 2014-12-12 2015-04-15 上海数明半导体有限公司 A kind of boostrap circuit

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