CN110071597B - Unpowered interruption inner rotor hub motor two-gear speed change system and electric automobile - Google Patents
Unpowered interruption inner rotor hub motor two-gear speed change system and electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN110071597B CN110071597B CN201910487840.8A CN201910487840A CN110071597B CN 110071597 B CN110071597 B CN 110071597B CN 201910487840 A CN201910487840 A CN 201910487840A CN 110071597 B CN110071597 B CN 110071597B
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 64
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- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
- B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/006—Structural association of a motor or generator with the drive train of a motor vehicle
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
- H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
- Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a two-gear speed change system of an unpowered interruption inner rotor hub motor, which mainly comprises an inner rotor hub motor, a No. 1 fastening screw, a transmission annular shell, a steering knuckle, a No. 2 fastening screw, a transmission right side shell, a No. 3 fastening screw, a No. 1 electromagnetic brake, a first planetary gear train, a one-way clutch, a No. 2 electromagnetic brake, a second planetary gear train, a tire, a rim bolt, a rim nut, a hub, a round nut, a brake disc, a brake caliper and a brake caliper fastening screw. The invention also discloses an electric automobile, which meets the requirements of the electric automobile on various aspects such as dynamic property, economy and the like, and improves the comprehensive performance of the electric automobile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electric automobiles, and particularly relates to a two-gear speed change system of an inner rotor hub motor without power interruption and a vehicle.
Background
The rapid development of the automobile industry changes the life style of people to a great extent and improves the life quality of people. The automobile brings convenience to people and brings a plurality of negative effects: the method consumes a large amount of non-renewable energy sources such as petroleum and natural gas, discharges a large amount of toxic and harmful gases such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides and room effect gases such as carbon dioxide, generates a large amount of noise and the like, and brings immeasurable harm to the living environment of people. Today, worldwide energy crisis and environmental problems are becoming more serious, and the problems that are brought about by today's world automobiles keep rising year by year. Therefore, the automobile industry is seeking the development direction of low noise, zero emission and comprehensive utilization of energy, and the development of new energy automobiles different from traditional automobiles is an inevitable choice of the times. The electric automobile is the most main form of a new energy automobile, the consumed electric energy is secondary energy, and the electric automobile can be obtained in various modes, so that excessive consumption of primary energy is avoided. Meanwhile, the electric automobile has the advantages of comfort, cleanness, low noise, no environmental pollution, simple and reliable operation, low use cost and the like, is called as a green automobile, and is a real zero-pollution and zero-emission automobile. Therefore, the electric automobile is an inevitable product in the economic sustainable development trend, and is also a final trend of automobile development.
Electric vehicles can be classified into a centralized motor driving type and an electric wheel driving type according to the different modes of driving wheels by motors. The power transmission in the form of centralized motor drive is generally transmitted to the driving wheels through a speed changer, a differential mechanism, a universal transmission device and the like, the driving form is complex in structure, the transmission efficiency is low, and the wheels cannot be controlled independently. The motor can be directly arranged on or near the driving wheel of the automobile in the driving mode of the electric wheel, the driving system is simple, the structure is compact, the occupied space is small, the transmission efficiency is high, and the independent dynamic control can be carried out on each electric wheel. Therefore, the electric wheel automobile is pursued to save energy and protect environment, the comprehensive performance of the automobile is improved to the greatest extent, and the requirements of people on driving pleasure are met. Therefore, an electric wheel car is one of the main current development trends of electric cars. The electric wheel drive can be mainly divided into wheel drive and wheel hub motor drive, a power source of the wheel drive generally adopts an inner rotor motor, a speed reducer is arranged between the inner rotor motor and a wheel to play a role of reducing speed and increasing torque, but the speed ratio of the speed reducer is fixed; the power source driven by the hub motor generally adopts an outer rotor motor, and the outer rotor of the outer rotor motor is fixedly connected with the wheel, so that the wheel is directly driven, and the transmission ratio is 1. Therefore, the traditional electric wheel driving system is driven by a wheel side or an in-wheel motor, and the electric wheel system only has a fixed speed ratio, but the speed ratio cannot be reasonably switched according to the actual running condition of the electric automobile, so that the requirements of the electric automobile in an electric wheel driving mode on the dynamic property and the economical efficiency are met. Therefore, in order to achieve both the power performance and the economy of the electric vehicle, it is necessary to match the electric vehicle with a transmission for driving the electric vehicle by using electric wheels.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention designs and develops a two-gear speed change system of an unpowered interruption inner rotor hub motor, which is matched with an inner rotor hub motor as a power source and is provided with two planetary gear trains for speed reduction and torque increase. The invention aims to carry out gear shifting operation through two electromagnetic brakes and one-way clutch, so that the technical defects of complex gear shifting process and poor response characteristic of the conventional two-gear transmission of the electric vehicle driven by the electric wheel are overcome.
The invention designs and develops an electric automobile, which meets the requirements of the electric automobile on multiple aspects such as dynamic property, economy and the like by using a two-gear speed change system of an unpowered interruption inner rotor hub motor, and improves the comprehensive performance of the electric automobile.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides an unpowered interruption inner rotor wheel hub motor two keeps off speed change system, includes:
a hub motor housing;
an inner rotor rotatably supported at both side centers of the hub motor housing;
a motor shaft fixedly connected with the inner rotor;
the first electromagnetic brake shell is fixedly connected with the hub motor shell, and a first annular groove is formed in the circumference of the first electromagnetic brake shell;
a first excitation coil disposed within the first annular recess;
the friction disc is fixedly connected with the motor shaft, and is arranged in a clearance manner with the first electromagnetic brake shell;
the first magnetic yokes are arranged with the friction disc in a clearance manner, and tapered holes are uniformly distributed in the first magnetic yokes along the circumferential direction;
the driven disc is rotatably supported on the motor shaft, and first blind holes are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the driven disc;
the first spring piece is arranged between the driven disc and the first magnetic yoke and is fixedly connected with the driven disc;
the inner ring of the one-way clutch is fixedly connected with the driven disc;
the first sun gear is fixedly connected with the motor shaft;
a plurality of first planet gears in meshing engagement with the first sun gear;
the first annular gear is meshed and matched with the first planet gears, and second blind holes are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the first annular gear;
a first carrier provided with a stepped solid shaft, the first ring gear being rotatably supported on the solid shaft of the first carrier;
the first planet carrier cover is fixedly connected with the outer ring of the one-way clutch, and is fixedly connected with the first planet carrier;
the second magnetic yoke is uniformly provided with conical holes along the circumferential direction;
the second spring piece is arranged between the first annular gear and the second magnetic yoke and is fixedly connected with the first annular gear;
a second electromagnetic brake housing that is disposed in gap with the second magnetic yoke and in which a second annular groove is disposed circumferentially;
a second excitation coil disposed within the second annular groove;
and the first magnet yoke is pressed with the friction disc or the second magnet yoke is pressed with the second electromagnetic brake shell selectively by selectively powering on and powering off the first magnet exciting coil and the second magnet exciting coil.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
the transmission housing comprises a first transmission housing and a second transmission housing, the first transmission housing is fixedly connected with the hub motor housing and the second electromagnetic brake housing, and the first planet carrier is rotatably supported on the first transmission housing;
the second sun gear is fixedly connected with the first planet carrier;
a plurality of second planet gears in meshing engagement with the second sun gear;
a second carrier provided with a stepped solid shaft, and rotatably supported on the second transmission case;
a second carrier cover rotatably supported on the first transmission housing, and fixedly connected with the second carrier;
the second annular gear is matched with the second planet gears in an engaged mode, and the second annular gear is fixedly connected with the second transmission shell.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
the hub is fixedly connected with the second planet carrier;
the brake disc is fixedly connected with the hub;
a rim fixedly connected with the hub;
a tire fixedly connected to the rim;
the steering knuckle is fixedly connected with the first transmission shell and fixedly connected with a vehicle body through a suspension;
and the brake caliper is fixedly connected with the steering knuckle.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
a first spring pin passing through the first yoke and the first spring piece and extending into the first blind hole of the driven plate;
and the second spring pin penetrates through the second magnetic yoke and the second spring piece and stretches into the second blind hole of the first annular gear.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
a first friction lining embedded on the friction disk, and located between the friction disk and the first yoke;
and a second friction lining inlaid on the second electromagnetic brake housing and disposed in a gap with the second exciting coil, the second friction lining being located between the second yoke and the second electromagnetic brake housing.
Preferably, the hub motor housing includes a first housing and a stator housing, and the first housing is fixedly connected with the stator housing; and
further comprises:
a winding fixed to the stator housing;
and a permanent magnet fixed on the inner rotor.
Preferably, the first planet carrier axially limits the first sun gear through a protrusion formed on the end face of the first sun gear;
the second planet carrier axially limits the second sun gear through a bulge formed on the end face of the second sun gear;
the first transmission shell axially limits the first annular gear through a gasket.
Preferably, the one-way clutch is engaged when the inner race of the one-way clutch rotates forward relative to the outer race thereof, and is disengaged when the outer race of the one-way clutch rotates forward relative to the inner race thereof.
Preferably, two sides of the first planet wheel are provided with cylindrical shafts;
the first planet carrier and the first planet carrier cover are provided with radial outer round holes;
the cylindrical shaft of the first planet and the first planet carrier are installed in a matched mode with a radial outer round hole of the first planet carrier cover;
two sides of the second planet wheel are provided with cylindrical shafts;
the second planet carrier and the second planet carrier cover are provided with radial outer round holes;
the cylindrical shaft of the second planet wheel and the second planet carrier are installed in a matched mode with a circular hole on the outer side of the radial direction of the second planet carrier cover.
An electric automobile uses the unpowered interruption inner rotor hub motor two-gear speed change system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the two-gear speed change system of the unpowered interruption inner rotor hub motor provided by the invention has the advantages of small axial size, small occupied space, simple structure, compact and reasonable layout, high integration degree and convenience in arrangement in or near the wheels.
2. The two-gear speed change system of the unpowered interruption inner rotor hub motor provided by the invention can automatically complete the gear change process by controlling the on-off of the two electromagnetic brakes, is simple and convenient to control, is easy to realize, has a response speed of quick response and has good response characteristics, and the gear change process is only tens of milliseconds.
3. According to the two-gear speed change system of the unpowered interruption inner rotor hub motor, in the gear shifting process, the one-way clutch is instantly connected by the critical point state, and no hysteresis exists in the whole process, so that power is not interrupted all the time in the gear shifting process, no gear shifting impact exists, and the smoothness is good.
4. The two-gear speed change system of the unpowered interruption inner rotor hub motor provided by the invention does not need to control the one-way clutch, and the switching between the connection and disconnection of the one-way clutch can be automatically completed according to the rotation direction.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic mechanical structure diagram of a two-gear transmission system of an unpowered interrupted inner rotor hub motor.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the two-gear transmission system of the unpowered interruption inner rotor hub motor.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a power transmission path of the two-gear transmission system of the unpowered discontinuous inner rotor hub motor in a forward first-gear state.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a power transmission path of the two-gear transmission system of the unpowered discontinuous inner rotor hub motor in a forward second-gear state.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a power transmission path of the two-gear transmission system of the unpowered interruption inner rotor hub motor in a reverse gear state.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention by referring to the description.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a two-gear speed change system of an unpowered interruption inner rotor hub motor, which is matched with an inner rotor hub motor as a power source, is provided with two planetary gear trains for speed reduction and torque increase, and is shifted through two electromagnetic brakes and a one-way clutch, so that a driver can switch a transmission between different gears according to the actual running conditions of an electric automobile, so as to adapt to the different running conditions of the electric automobile, and meanwhile, the response speed of the electric automobile is rapid, the shifting process is finished instantaneously, the power is not interrupted all the time, no shifting impact is generated, the requirements of the electric automobile on multiple aspects such as power performance, economy and the like are met, and the comprehensive performance of the electric automobile is improved.
The invention provides a two-gear speed change system of an unpowered interruption inner rotor hub motor, which mainly comprises an inner rotor hub motor 100, a transmission annular shell 110, a knuckle 111, a transmission right shell 113, a No. 1 electromagnetic brake 200, a first planetary gear train 300, a one-way clutch 310, a No. 2 electromagnetic brake 400, a second planetary gear train 500, a tire 601, a rim 602, a hub 605, a brake disc 607 and a brake caliper 608.
The inner rotor hub motor 100 comprises a motor left side housing 101, an inner rotor 102, permanent magnets 103, windings 104, housing fastening screws 105, a stator housing 106, a number 1 bearing 107 and a motor shaft 108;
the motor left side shell 101 is fixedly connected with the stator shell 106 through a shell fastening screw 105, the permanent magnet 103 is fixed on the inner rotor 102, the winding 104 is fixed on the stator shell 106, the motor left side shell 101 and the stator shell 106 are respectively supported by the inner rotor 102 through 1 number 1 bearing 107, the number 1 bearing 107 is axially limited through the shaft shoulder of the inner rotor 102, and the inner rotor 102 is provided with a hollow spline hole which is in spline connection with the left end of the motor shaft 108; the transmission annular housing 110 and the stator housing 106 are fixedly connected by the fastening screw No. 1, the knuckle 111 and the transmission annular housing 110 are fixedly connected by the fastening screw No. 2, the transmission right housing 113 and the transmission annular housing 110 are fixedly connected by the fastening screw No. 3, the brake caliper 608 and the knuckle 111 are fixedly connected by the fastening screw 609, and the knuckle 111 is fixedly connected to the vehicle body by the suspension, so that the motor left housing 101, the stator housing 106, the transmission annular housing 110, the transmission right housing 113 and the brake caliper 608 are all fixedly connected.
The electromagnetic brake 200 is positioned on the right side of the inner rotor hub motor 100 and comprises a fastening screw 201 No. 4, an electromagnetic brake housing 202 No. 1, a friction lining 203 No. 1, a spring piece 204 No. 1, a spring pin 205, a friction disk 206, a shaft sleeve 207, a fastening screw 208 No. 5, a check ring 209 No. 1, a clamping ring 210, a bearing 211 No. 2, an exciting coil 212 No. 1, a magnet yoke 213 and a driven disk 214;
the No. 4 fastening screw 201 fixedly connects the No. 1 electromagnetic brake housing 202 with the stator housing 106, the No. 1 electromagnetic brake housing 202 is provided with an annular groove with a rightward opening, and a No. 1 exciting coil 212 is arranged in the annular groove; the friction lining 203 of No. 1 is embedded on the right end face of the friction disc 206, the friction disc 206 is positioned on the right side of the electromagnetic brake housing 202 of No. 1, a certain gap is reserved between the friction disc 206 and the electromagnetic brake housing 202 of No. 1, the friction disc 206 is in spline connection with the motor shaft 108, and axial limiting is carried out through a shaft shoulder and a shaft sleeve 207 of the motor shaft 108; the No. 1 magnetic yoke 213 is positioned on the right side of the friction disk 206, the driven disk 214 is positioned on the right side of the No. 1 magnetic yoke 213, the No. 1 spring piece 204 is positioned between the No. 1 magnetic yoke 213 and the driven disk 214, the left end face and the right end face of the No. 1 spring piece 204 are tightly contacted with the No. 1 magnetic yoke 213 and the driven disk 214, the No. 5 fastening screw 208 fixedly connects the No. 1 spring piece 204 with the driven disk 214, a No. 1 check ring 209 is arranged between the No. 1 spring piece 204 and the No. 5 fastening screw 208, the driven disk 214 extends rightward to form a hollow shaft and is supported on the motor shaft 108 through 2 No. 2 bearings 211, the left No. 1 bearing 211 is axially limited through the shaft sleeve 207, and the right No. 1 bearing 211 is axially limited through the clamping ring 210; the No. 1 magnetic yoke 213 is provided with a conical hole, the driven plate 214 is provided with a blind hole with a left opening, the No. 1 spring pin 205 penetrates through the No. 1 magnetic yoke 213 and the No. 1 spring piece 204 and stretches into the blind hole of the driven plate 214, the conical surface of the No. 1 spring pin 205 is in close contact with the conical surface of the conical hole of the No. 1 magnetic yoke 213, and the vertical end surface of the No. 1 spring pin 204 is in close contact with the right end surface of the No. 1 spring piece 204.
The first planetary gear train 300 is a single-row single-stage planetary gear train, which is located on the right side of the electromagnetic brake No. 1 200, and includes a first planetary gear 301, a first sun gear 302, a first carrier 303, a first carrier cover 304, a first carrier fastening screw 305, a first ring gear 306, a bearing No. 3 307, a spacer 308, and a bearing No. 4 309;
the first sun gear 302 is in spline connection with the right end of the motor shaft 108, the left end face of the first sun gear 302 is in contact with a shaft shoulder of the motor shaft 108, a bulge is formed on the right side and is in contact with the left end face of the first planet carrier 303, and therefore the first sun gear 302 is axially limited; the first planet gears 301 extend to two sides to extend out of the cylindrical shafts, extend into radial outer circular holes of the first planet carrier 303 and the first planet carrier cover 304 and can rotate freely, the first planet carrier 303 and the first planet carrier cover 304 are fixedly connected through first planet carrier fastening screws 305, the first planet carrier 303 extends rightward to form a stepped solid shaft, the stepped solid shaft is supported on the transmission annular shell 110 through a No. 4 bearing 309, and the axial limit of the No. 4 bearing 309 is carried out on the solid shaft shoulder of the first planet carrier 303; the first annular gear 306 is contracted rightward to form a hollow shaft, the hollow shaft is supported on a solid shaft of the first planet carrier 303 through a No. 3 bearing 307, the No. 3 bearing 307 performs axial limiting through a shaft shoulder of the solid shaft of the first planet carrier 303, a gasket 308 positioned between the first annular gear 306 and the annular transmission shell 110 is arranged on the solid shaft of the first planet carrier 303, so that the first annular gear 306 is subjected to axial limiting, and a blind hole with a rightward opening is formed in the first annular gear 306; the first carrier cap 304 extends to the left to form a hollow shaft and is supported on the one-way clutch 310;
in the present embodiment, as a preferred embodiment, the characteristic parameter of the planet row of the first planetary gear train 300 is greater than 1, and the characteristic parameter of the planet row is defined generally in the mechanical field and refers to the ratio of the number of teeth of the ring gear to the number of teeth of the sun gear in the planetary gear train.
The one-way clutch 310 is positioned between the hollow shaft of the driven plate 214 and the hollow shaft of the first planet carrier cover 304, an inner ring and an outer ring of the one-way clutch 310 are respectively provided with an inner spline and an outer spline, the inner ring of the one-way clutch 310 is in spline connection with the hollow shaft of the driven plate 214, and the outer ring of the one-way clutch 310 is in spline connection with the hollow shaft of the first planet carrier cover 304; the one-way clutch 310 is engaged when the inner race of the one-way clutch 310 rotates forward relative to the outer race thereof; the one-way clutch 310 is disconnected when the outer race of the one-way clutch 310 rotates forward relative to the inner race thereof.
The electromagnetic brake 400 is positioned on the right side of the first planetary gear system 300 and comprises an electromagnetic brake housing 401, a magnet yoke 402, a spring leaf 403, a retainer ring 404, a fastening screw 405, a spring pin 406, a friction lining 407, an exciting coil 408 and a fastening screw 409;
the No. 7 fastening screw 409 fixedly connects the No. 2 electromagnetic brake housing 401 with the transmission annular housing 110, the No. 2 electromagnetic brake housing 401 is provided with an annular groove with a left opening, a No. 2 exciting coil 408 is arranged in the annular groove, and meanwhile, a No. 2 friction lining 407 is inlaid at the annular groove; the No. 2 magnetic yoke 402 is positioned at the left side of the No. 2 electromagnetic brake shell 401, the No. 2 spring piece 403 is positioned between the No. 2 magnetic yoke 402 and the first annular gear 306, the left end face and the right end face of the No. 2 magnetic yoke 402 are tightly contacted with the No. 2 magnetic yoke 402 and the first annular gear 306, the No. 2 spring piece 403 is fixedly connected with the first annular gear 306 by the No. 6 fastening screw 405, and the No. 2 check ring 404 is arranged between the No. 2 spring piece 403 and the No. 6 fastening screw 405; the yoke 402 of No. 2 is opened there is the bell mouth, and the spring pin 406 of No. 2 passes yoke 402 of No. 2 and spring leaf 403 of No. 2 to stretch into in the blind hole of first ring gear 306, the conical surface of spring pin 406 of No. 2 and the conical surface in the bell mouth of yoke 402 of No. 2 in close contact, the vertical terminal surface of spring pin 406 of No. 2 and the left side terminal surface in close contact of spring leaf 403 of No. 2.
The second planetary gear train 500 is a single-row single-stage planetary gear train, which is positioned on the right side of the electromagnetic brake 400 No. 2 and comprises a second planet gear 501, a second sun gear 502, a second planet carrier 503, a second planet carrier cover 504, a bearing No. 5 505, a second planet carrier fastening screw 506, a second annular gear 507 and a bearing No. 6 508;
the second sun gear 502 is in spline connection with the right end of the solid shaft of the first planet carrier 303, the left end face of the second sun gear 502 is in contact with the shaft shoulder of the solid shaft of the first planet carrier 303, the right side of the second sun gear 502 forms a bulge and is in contact with the left end face of the second planet carrier 503, and therefore the second sun gear 502 is axially limited; the second ring gear 507 is welded to the transmission annular housing 110; the second planet gears 501 extend out of the cylindrical shafts towards two sides, extend into radial outer circular holes of the second planet carrier 503 and the second planet carrier cover 504 and can rotate freely, and the second planet carrier 503 and the second planet carrier cover 504 are fixedly connected through second planet carrier fastening screws 506; the second planet carrier cover 504 extends leftwards to form a hollow shaft and is supported on the transmission annular shell 110 through a No. 5 bearing 505, and a shaft shoulder of the hollow shaft of the second planet carrier cover 504 axially limits the No. 5 bearing 505;
in the present embodiment, as one preferable, the planetary row characteristic parameter of the second planetary gear train 500 is greater than 1;
the second planet carrier 503 extends rightward to form a stepped solid shaft, is in spline connection with an inner hole of the hub 605, is supported by a No. 6 bearing 508 arranged between the right side shells 113 of the solid shaft transmission of the second planet carrier 503, and axially limits the No. 6 bearing 508 through a shaft shoulder of the solid shaft of the second planet carrier 503; the hollow shaft of the hub 605 extends into the central hole of the rim 602, the hub 605, the brake disc 607 and the rim 602 are fixedly connected by the rim bolt 603 and the rim nut 604, and the rim 602 is fixedly connected with the tire 601; the right end of the solid shaft of the second planet carrier 503 is provided with external threads and is in threaded connection with a round nut 606, and the left end surface of the round nut 606 is in contact with the right end surface of the hub 605, so that the hub 605 is axially fixed.
In the assembly process, an inner rotor hub motor 100, a No. 1 fastening screw 109, a transmission annular shell 110, a transmission right side shell 113, a No. 3 fastening screw 114, a No. 1 electromagnetic brake 200, a first planetary gear train 300, a No. 2 electromagnetic brake 400 and a second planetary gear train 500 are used as a power assembly, are fixedly connected with a steering knuckle 111 through the No. 2 fastening screw 112, are fixedly connected with a rim 602 and a hub 605 through a solid shaft of a second planet carrier 503 extending from the right end, and a brake caliper 608 is fixedly connected with the steering knuckle 111 through a brake caliper fastening screw 609.
As shown in fig. 2, the main connection relation of the two-gear speed change system of the unpowered interrupted inner rotor hub motor is shown; the two-gear speed change system of the unpowered interruption inner rotor hub motor provided by the invention has three working modes: advancing to a first gear state; advancing to a second gear state; a reverse gear state;
the following describes the working principles of the three modes respectively: in terms of rotational speed relation, setting the rotation direction of the wheels when the electric vehicle advances to be positive, and setting the rotation direction of the wheels when the electric vehicle backs to be negative;
1. forward first gear state: when the electric automobile is in a forward first gear state, the No. 1 exciting coil 212 is powered off, and the No. 2 exciting coil 408 is powered on; at this time, under the action of the No. 1 spring piece 204, the No. 1 yoke 213 is separated from the No. 1 friction lining 203, eliminating the pressing force between the friction disk 206 and the No. 1 yoke 213; the exciting coil 408 No. 2 attracts the yoke 402 No. 2 to press against the friction lining 407 No. 2, so that the yoke 402 No. 2 is engaged with the electromagnetic brake housing 401 No. 2, and further the spring sheet 403 No. 2 and the first ring gear 306 are engaged with the electromagnetic brake housing 401 No. 2, the first ring gear 306 is fixed, the inner rotor hub motor 100 outputs forward torque, the motor shaft 108 and the inner rotor 102 rotate synchronously, and the rotational speed of the motor shaft 108 at this time is set to n, the rotational speed of the first sun gear 302 is set to n, and the rotational speed of the first ring gear 306 is set to 0, and the rotational speed of the first planet carrier 303 and the rotational speed of the first planet carrier cover 304 are both obtained according to the single-row single-stage planetary gear train rotational speed formula(k 1 Is a planet row characteristic parameter of the first planetary gear train 300, and k 1 > 1), the rotational speed of second sun gear 502 and the rotational speed of the outer race of one-way clutch 310 are both +.>At this time, the outer race of the one-way clutch 310 rotates forward relative to the inner race thereof, the one-way clutch 310 is disconnected, the inner race of the one-way clutch 310 rotates at 0, and the driven plate 214 and the No. 1 yoke 213 also rotate at 0; because the second ring gear 507 is fixedly connected with the transmission annular shell 110, the rotating speed of the second ring gear 507 is 0, and according to the rotating speed formula of the single-row single-stage planetary gear train, the rotating speed of the second planet carrier 503 can be obtained as +.>(k 2 Is a planet row characteristic parameter of the second planetary gear train 500, and k 2 > 1), the rotational speeds of the hub 605, rim 602 and tire 601 are all +.>
Therefore, as shown in fig. 3, when the electric vehicle is in the forward first gear state, power is transmitted to the tire 601 through the motor shaft 108, the first sun gear 302, the first planet gears 301, the first planet carrier 303, the second sun gear 502, the second planet gears 501, the second planet carrier 503, the hub 605, the rim bolts 603 and the rim 602 in sequence, so that the electric vehicle is driven to travel forward; at this time, the first gear transmission ratio of the two-gear transmission system of the unpowered interruption inner rotor hub motor is (k) 1 +1)(k 2 +1)。
2. Forward second gear state: when the electric automobile is switched from the first forward gear state to the second forward gear state, the No. 1 exciting coil 212 is electrified, and the No. 2 exciting coil 408 is still electrified; at this time, the No. 1 exciting coil 212 attracts the No. 1 yoke 213 to press against the friction plate 206, causing the No. 1 yoke 213 to engage with the friction plate 206, and further causing the No. 1 spring piece 204 and the driven plate 214 to engage with the friction plate 206; the inner rotor hub motor 100 outputs a forward torque, and the motorThe shaft 108 and the inner rotor 102 rotate synchronously in the forward direction, and the rotation speed of the motor shaft 108 at this time is n, and in the first gear, the rotation speeds of the yoke No. 1 213, the driven plate 214, and the inner race of the one-way clutch 310 are 0, and the rotation speeds of the first carrier 303, the first carrier cover 304, and the outer race of the one-way clutch 310 areThe friction disk 206 rotates synchronously with the motor shaft 108, so that the rotation speed is n, the friction disk 206 drives the No. 1 magnetic yoke 213 to rotate, so that the rotation speed is rapidly increased from 0, and the rotation speed of the No. 1 magnetic yoke 213 is increased to +.>Before, the outer race of the one-way clutch 310 always rotates forward relative to the inner race thereof, the one-way clutch 310 is disconnected, and when the rotation speed of the yoke No. 1 213 increases to +.>When the inner ring and the outer ring of the one-way clutch 310 rotate at the same speed, the one-way clutch 310 is in an engaged critical point state; at this time, the exciting coil No. 2 408 is powered off, the pressing force between the yoke No. 2 402 and the electromagnetic brake housing No. 2 401 is eliminated under the action of the spring sheet No. 2 403, the first ring gear 306 can rotate freely, and the rotation speed of the yoke No. 1 213 continues to increase under the drive of the friction disk 206 and is instantaneously greater than ++>At this time, the rotational speed of the inner ring of the one-way clutch 310 is instantaneously greater than the rotational speed of the outer ring thereof, i.e. the inner ring of the one-way clutch 310 rotates forwards relative to the outer ring thereof, so that the one-way clutch 310 instantaneously changes from a critical point state to an engagement state, and power is transmitted from the inner ring of the one-way clutch 310 to the outer ring thereof and drives the rotational speed of the outer ring thereof to synchronously increase; friction disk 206 continues to rotate yoke No. 1 213 at a speed of +.>Increasing to n, then the two rotate synchronously, in the process, one-way separationThe rotational speed of the inner ring and the outer ring of the clutch 310, the rotational speed of the first planet carrier 303 and the first planet carrier cover 304 are defined by +.>The synchronous increase is n, the rotation speed of the first inner gear ring 306 is also increased from 0 to n according to the rotation speed formula of the single-row single-stage planetary gear train, the rotation speeds of the No. 2 magnetic yokes 402 and the No. 2 spring pieces 403 are also increased from 0 to n synchronously along with the rotation speed of the first inner gear ring 306, and the one-way clutch 310 is instantly connected by a critical point state in the whole gear shifting process, and no hysteresis exists in the whole process, so that power is not interrupted all the time in the gear shifting process; the rotational speed of the first carrier 303 is defined by +.>After n, the rotation speed of the second sun gear 502 is also n, and the rotation speed of the second ring gear 507 is 0 because the second ring gear 507 is fixedly connected with the transmission annular housing 110, and the rotation speed of the second planet carrier 503 can be obtained as +.>The rotational speeds of the hub 605, rim 602 and tire 601 are all
Therefore, as shown in fig. 4, when the electric vehicle is in the second forward gear state, the power is transmitted to the first planet carrier 303 through the motor shaft 108 by two routes, the first is transmitted to the first planet carrier 303 through the motor shaft 108, the first sun gear 302 and the first planet gear 301 in sequence, the second is transmitted to the first planet carrier 303 through the motor shaft 108, the No. 1 electromagnetic brake 200 and the one-way clutch 310 in sequence, and then the power is coupled at the first planet carrier 303, and is further transmitted to the tire 601 through the first planet carrier 303, the second sun gear 502, the second planet gear 501, the second planet carrier 503, the hub 605, the rim bolt 603 and the rim 602 in sequence, so that the electric vehicle is driven to travel forward; at this time, the second gear transmission ratio of the second gear transmission system of the unpowered interruption inner rotor hub motor is (k) 2 +1)。
3. Reverse gear state: when the electric automobile is in a reverse gear state, the No. 1 exciting coil 212 is powered off, and the No. 2 exciting coil 408 is powered on; at this time, under the action of the No. 1 spring piece 204, the No. 1 yoke 213 is separated from the No. 1 friction lining 203, eliminating the pressing force between the friction disk 206 and the No. 1 yoke 213; the exciting coil 408 No. 2 attracts the yoke 402 No. 2 to press against the friction lining 407 No. 2, so that the yoke 402 No. 2 is engaged with the electromagnetic brake housing 401 No. 2, and further the spring sheet 403 No. 2 and the first ring gear 306 are engaged with the electromagnetic brake housing 401 No. 2, the first ring gear 306 is fixed, the inner rotor hub motor 100 outputs a negative torque, the motor shaft 108 and the inner rotor 102 are synchronously inverted, and the rotational speed of the motor shaft 108 at this time is set to be-n, the rotational speed of the first sun gear 302 is-n, and since the first ring gear 306 is fixed, the rotational speed is 0, the rotational speed of the first planet carrier 303 and the rotational speed of the first planet carrier cover 304 are both obtained according to the single-row single-stage planetary gear train rotational speed formulaThe rotational speed of second sun gear 502 and the rotational speed of the outer race of one-way clutch 310 are both +.>At this time, the inner race of the one-way clutch 310 rotates forward relative to the outer race thereof, the one-way clutch 310 is engaged, the inner race of the one-way clutch 310 rotates synchronously with the outer race at a rotation speed +.>The rotation speed of the driven plate 214 and the yoke No. 1 213 is also +.>Because the second ring gear 507 is fixedly connected with the transmission annular housing 110, the rotation speed of the second planet carrier 503 is 0 according to the rotation speed formula of the single-row single-stage planetary gear trainThe rotational speeds of the hub 605, rim 602 and tire 601 are allIs->
Therefore, as shown in fig. 5, when the electric vehicle is in the reverse gear state, power is transmitted to the tire 601 through the motor shaft 108, the first sun gear 302, the first planetary gear 301, the first carrier 303, the second sun gear 502, the second planetary gear 501, the second carrier 503, the hub 605, the rim bolt 603, and the rim 602 in sequence, so that the electric vehicle is driven to travel backward; at this time, the reverse gear transmission ratio of the two-gear transmission system of the unpowered interruption inner rotor hub motor is (k) 1 +1)(k 2 +1)。
Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the details and embodiments shown and described, it is well suited to various fields of use for which the invention would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and accordingly, the invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein, without departing from the general concepts defined in the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a no power interruption inner rotor wheel hub motor two keeps off speed change system which characterized in that includes:
a hub motor housing;
an inner rotor rotatably supported at both side centers of the hub motor housing;
a motor shaft fixedly connected with the inner rotor;
the first electromagnetic brake shell is fixedly connected with the hub motor shell, and a first annular groove is formed in the circumference of the first electromagnetic brake shell;
a first excitation coil disposed within the first annular recess;
the friction disc is fixedly connected with the motor shaft, and is arranged in a clearance manner with the first electromagnetic brake shell;
the first magnetic yokes are arranged with the friction disc in a clearance manner, and tapered holes are uniformly distributed in the first magnetic yokes along the circumferential direction;
the driven disc is rotatably supported on the motor shaft, and first blind holes are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the driven disc;
the first spring piece is arranged between the driven disc and the first magnetic yoke and is fixedly connected with the driven disc;
the inner ring of the one-way clutch is fixedly connected with the driven disc;
the first sun gear is fixedly connected with the motor shaft;
a plurality of first planet gears in meshing engagement with the first sun gear;
the first annular gear is meshed and matched with the first planet gears, and second blind holes are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the first annular gear;
a first carrier provided with a stepped solid shaft, the first ring gear being rotatably supported on the solid shaft of the first carrier;
the first planet carrier cover is fixedly connected with the outer ring of the one-way clutch, and is fixedly connected with the first planet carrier;
the second magnetic yoke is uniformly provided with conical holes along the circumferential direction;
the second spring piece is arranged between the first annular gear and the second magnetic yoke and is fixedly connected with the first annular gear;
a second electromagnetic brake housing that is disposed in gap with the second magnetic yoke and in which a second annular groove is disposed circumferentially;
a second excitation coil disposed within the second annular groove;
and the first magnet yoke is pressed with the friction disc or the second magnet yoke is pressed with the second electromagnetic brake shell selectively by selectively powering on and powering off the first magnet exciting coil and the second magnet exciting coil.
2. The unpowered interrupted inner rotor hub motor two-speed change system of claim 1, further comprising:
the transmission housing comprises a first transmission housing and a second transmission housing, the first transmission housing is fixedly connected with the hub motor housing and the second electromagnetic brake housing, and the first planet carrier is rotatably supported on the first transmission housing;
the second sun gear is fixedly connected with the first planet carrier;
a plurality of second planet gears in meshing engagement with the second sun gear;
a second carrier provided with a stepped solid shaft, and rotatably supported on the second transmission case;
a second carrier cover rotatably supported on the first transmission housing, and fixedly connected with the second carrier;
the second annular gear is matched with the second planet gears in an engaged mode, and the second annular gear is fixedly connected with the second transmission shell.
3. The unpowered interrupted inner rotor hub motor two-speed change system of claim 2, further comprising:
the hub is fixedly connected with the second planet carrier;
the brake disc is fixedly connected with the hub;
a rim fixedly connected with the hub;
a tire fixedly connected to the rim;
the steering knuckle is fixedly connected with the first transmission shell and fixedly connected with a vehicle body through a suspension;
and the brake caliper is fixedly connected with the steering knuckle.
4. The unpowered interrupted inner rotor hub motor two-speed change system of claim 3, further comprising:
a first spring pin passing through the first yoke and the first spring piece and extending into the first blind hole of the driven plate;
and the second spring pin penetrates through the second magnetic yoke and the second spring piece and stretches into the second blind hole of the first annular gear.
5. The powerless interrupt inner rotor hub motor two speed transmission system of claim 4, further comprising:
a first friction lining embedded on the friction disk, and located between the friction disk and the first yoke;
and a second friction lining inlaid on the second electromagnetic brake housing and disposed in a gap with the second exciting coil, the second friction lining being located between the second yoke and the second electromagnetic brake housing.
6. The powerless interruption inner rotor hub motor two speed change system of any of claims 2-5, wherein the hub motor housing comprises a first housing and a stator housing, and wherein the first housing is fixedly connected with the stator housing; and
further comprises:
a winding fixed to the stator housing;
and a permanent magnet fixed on the inner rotor.
7. The unpowered interrupted inner rotor hub motor two-speed change system of claim 6, wherein the first planet carrier axially limits the first sun gear through a protrusion formed on the end face of the first sun gear;
the second planet carrier axially limits the second sun gear through a bulge formed on the end face of the second sun gear;
the first transmission shell axially limits the first annular gear through a gasket.
8. The unpowered interrupted inner rotor hub motor two-speed change system of claim 7, wherein the one-way clutch is engaged when the inner race of the one-way clutch rotates forward relative to the outer race thereof and is disengaged when the outer race of the one-way clutch rotates forward relative to the inner race thereof.
9. The unpowered interrupted inner rotor hub motor two-speed change system of claim 8, wherein the first planet gears are provided with cylindrical shafts on two sides;
the first planet carrier and the first planet carrier cover are provided with radial outer round holes;
the cylindrical shaft of the first planet and the first planet carrier are installed in a matched mode with a radial outer round hole of the first planet carrier cover;
two sides of the second planet wheel are provided with cylindrical shafts;
the second planet carrier and the second planet carrier cover are provided with radial outer round holes;
the cylindrical shaft of the second planet wheel and the second planet carrier are installed in a matched mode with a circular hole on the outer side of the radial direction of the second planet carrier cover.
10. An electric vehicle characterized in that a powerless interruption inner rotor hub motor two speed change system according to any one of claims 1-9 is used.
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| CN112440727A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2021-03-05 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Wheel hub electric drive system, driving wheel and vehicle |
| CN115257352A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-11-01 | 重庆青山工业有限责任公司 | Stepless speed regulation dual-motor hub driving system and driving method |
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