CN110068760A - A kind of Induction Motor Fault Diagnosis based on deep learning - Google Patents

A kind of Induction Motor Fault Diagnosis based on deep learning Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110068760A
CN110068760A CN201910325479.9A CN201910325479A CN110068760A CN 110068760 A CN110068760 A CN 110068760A CN 201910325479 A CN201910325479 A CN 201910325479A CN 110068760 A CN110068760 A CN 110068760A
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fault diagnosis
deep learning
induction motor
diagnosis based
data
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CN201910325479.9A
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袁丽英
问天宇
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Harbin University of Science and Technology
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Harbin University of Science and Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M15/00Testing of engines
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/34Testing dynamo-electric machines
    • G01R31/343Testing dynamo-electric machines in operation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00Pattern recognition
    • G06F18/20Analysing
    • G06F18/24Classification techniques
    • G06F18/241Classification techniques relating to the classification model, e.g. parametric or non-parametric approaches
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00Pattern recognition
    • G06F18/20Analysing
    • G06F18/24Classification techniques
    • G06F18/241Classification techniques relating to the classification model, e.g. parametric or non-parametric approaches
    • G06F18/2413Classification techniques relating to the classification model, e.g. parametric or non-parametric approaches based on distances to training or reference patterns
    • G06F18/24147Distances to closest patterns, e.g. nearest neighbour classification

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of Induction Motor Fault Diagnosis based on deep learning comprising the steps of: A, the simulation experiment platform for building asynchronous motor operating;B, the acquisition of current signal and vibration signal is carried out to the electrical fault state simulated;C, it extracts and collects the internal characteristics of data and carry out corresponding label, complete the building of data set;D, the fault diagnosis model based on stack encoder is constructed;Successively train the network and classifier;E, the deep neural network built is trained using the data set of construction, and the method for diagnosing faults proposed is verified in conjunction with simulation experiment platform.Present invention introduces deep learning theory, the system that accurate, sensitive, effective diagnosis asynchronous motor complex fault is capable of in design solves the problems, such as present on Asynchronous Motor Fault Diagnosis, adapts to the requirement of the electric system continued to develop.

Description

A kind of Induction Motor Fault Diagnosis based on deep learning
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of computer, specifically a kind of Induction Motor Fault Diagnosis based on deep learning.
Background technique
With the raising of the progress of modern science and technology and the development of production system and device fabrication level, motor conduct In the world using most common, quantity is most power supply unit and dynamic power machine, all spectra has almost been captured.It is clear that It is very heavy that the normal work of motor runs meaning to safe and efficient, quick, the high-quality and low consumption guaranteed during manufacturing Greatly.Wherein asynchronous motor is most widely used, a kind of motor for having the call in various motor.In the total load of power grid In, asynchronous motor dosage accounts for 60% or more.It is in current industrial production activities and daily life most important motive power and Driving device.
Currently, asynchronous motor typical fault is rotor broken bar, stator winding inter-turn short circuit and bearing fault.Statistical result Show that these three types of failures account for about the 80% of asynchronous motor failure sum: the probability of happening of rotor bar breaking fault up to 10% or so, The probability of happening of stator winding inter-turn short circuit and its dependent failure is about 30%, and bearing fault accounts for about 38%.Operating experience table Bright, rotor bar breaking fault will lead to motor output drop, if cannot find that failure further expansion can be made in time;Stator winding circle Between short trouble often lead to phase fault or ground short circuit failure, harm is serious;Bearing fault can lead to motor and cannot open In dynamic, operation sound exception, operational shock, operating slowly, motor overheating or even burn.
For a long time, for the various catastrophe failures of motor, the relay that people mainly take various mature and reliables is protected Shield measure, as overcurrent protection, mistake/low-voltage protection, differential protection, passive moods, ground protection, vibration are transfinited protection and mistake Thermal protection etc..Although relay protection function is all very perfect, supervised it must be recognized that relay protection system is only worked as It meets or exceeds relay setting depending on parameter just to work, the relay protection of equipment can only take action after the accident; It is the ambulance under cliffs and precipices, rather than the fence of pedestrian is protected on cliffs and precipices top.
The failure of motor is out of service, can not only damage motor itself, but also will affect the normal of whole system Work, or even meeting crisis personal safety, cause huge economic loss.Asynchronous Motor Fault Diagnosis system can be accurate and reliable Reflection motor failure and abnormal operating condition, fast trip or alarm are taken to different degrees of failure according to the actual situation Equal measures, prevent accident further expansion, to avoid economic loss caused by serious accident and unnecessary shutdown, guarantee life Produce safe operation;For the failure having occurred and that, fault diagnosis can be effectively carried out rapidly, judges fault type and failure Degree, to investigate thoroughly that cause of accident and maintenance provide foundation afterwards.Therefore, Asynchronous Motor Fault Diagnosis technology is studied, in motor Failure is found in time and is repaired there is great theory significance and practical significance when generating failure.Currently, being directed to asynchronous electricity The common fault type of machine, traditional method for diagnosing faults have been able to effective solution, but because electric machine structure is complicated, vibration The problems such as asynchronous machine fault diagnosis caused by the factors such as the unstable and mechanical big data of signal is difficult is still without very perfect solution Certainly scheme.Therefore, it is theoretical to introduce deep learning, design being capable of accurate, sensitive, the effective complicated event of diagnosis asynchronous motor The system of barrier solves the problems, such as present on Asynchronous Motor Fault Diagnosis, adapts to the requirement of the electric system continued to develop, research Reliable and effective Asynchronous Motor Fault Diagnosis system has become the hot subject that domestic and foreign scholars study.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Induction Motor Fault Diagnosis based on deep learning, to solve State the problem of proposing in background technique.
In order to achieve the object, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of Induction Motor Fault Diagnosis based on deep learning comprising the steps of:
A, the simulation experiment platform of asynchronous motor operating is built;
B, the acquisition of current signal and vibration signal is carried out to the electrical fault state simulated;
C, it extracts and collects the internal characteristics of data and carry out corresponding label, complete the building of data set;
D, the fault diagnosis model based on stack encoder is constructed;Successively train the network and classifier;
E, the deep neural network built is trained using the data set of construction, and combines simulation experiment platform to institute The method for diagnosing faults of proposition is verified.
As further scheme of the invention: the simulation experiment platform in the step A is controlled by computer, load Device, asynchronous machine, tachometer, current sensor, acceleration transducer and NI data collecting card composition.
As further scheme of the invention: the current signal is adopted by current sensor and acceleration transducer Collection.
As further scheme of the invention: the vibration signal passes through acceleration transducer and acquires.
As further scheme of the invention: the data of the step B acquisition also need to be transferred to computer.
As further scheme of the invention: the step D is specifically: construction is by multilayer autocoder stack first The stack encoder deep layer network structure being formed by stacking constitutes fault diagnosis models of classifying then in conjunction with softmax classifier more, The data of vibration signal and current signal are combined as input, the network and classifier are successively trained, and have pair of supervision Whole network is finely adjusted.
As further scheme of the invention: the verifying index of the step E includes accuracy and speed.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: design can be accurate present invention introduces deep learning theory , the system of sensitive, effective diagnosis asynchronous motor complex fault, solve to ask present on Asynchronous Motor Fault Diagnosis Topic adapts to the requirement of the electric system continued to develop.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is autocoder structure chart.
Fig. 2 is stack encoder fault diagnostic model figure.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1: a kind of Induction Motor Fault Diagnosis based on deep learning referring to FIG. 1-2, comprising following Step:
A, the simulation experiment platform of asynchronous motor operating is built;Simulation experiment platform is mainly controlled by computer, load The composition such as device, asynchronous machine, tachometer, current sensor, acceleration transducer, NI data collecting card.What plan can diagnose Failure includes rotor unbalance, stator winding faults, stator winding disconnected circle, bearing fault, rotor bow, rotor broken bar.To protect The diversity for demonstrate,proving experimental data will simulate a variety of different work shapes by the revolving speed and loading condition of change asynchronous motor State.
B, the acquisition of current signal and vibration signal is carried out to the electrical fault state simulated;The input sample to be acquired It should as far as possible include all features of fault-signal, since vibration signal includes complicated bearing information, current signal includes rich Rich rotor characteristic, therefore cooperate NI data collecting card to the electrical fault simulated by current sensor and acceleration transducer State carries out the acquisition of current signal and vibration signal, then by collected data transmission into computer.
C, it extracts and collects the internal characteristics of data and carry out corresponding label, complete the building of data set;
D, the fault diagnosis model based on stack encoder is constructed;Successively train the network and classifier;First construction by The stack encoder deep layer network structure that multilayer autocoder stack is formed by stacking is constituted then in conjunction with softmax classifier More classification fault diagnosis models.The data of vibration signal and current signal are combined as input, successively train the network and Classifier, and have being finely adjusted to whole network for supervision;
E, the deep neural network built is trained using the data set of construction, and combines simulation experiment platform to institute The method for diagnosing faults of proposition is verified.First configure training environment, using ubuntu system, tensorflow frame, Then python interpreter is trained the deep neural network built using the data set of construction, and combine simulated experiment Platform verifies the method for diagnosing faults proposed, assesses this method by accuracy and speed two indices.
2, autocoder is studied
Stack is one of current mainstream deep learning network from coding, and autocoder is that the basic composition of the network is single Member.As shown in Figure 1, autocoder network is a kind of 3 layers of unsupervised network.
If the training sample data collection of autocoder network is { x(1),x(2),...,x(n), which is tieed up by n m Vector x ∈ [0,1]m×1It constitutes.Coding is that sample x is propagated to hidden layer from input layer, by Sigmoid activation primitive (see formula 1) it is mapped to the process of k dimensional vector, as shown in Equation 2.
In formula: x is input sample;F () is activation primitive;θ={ w, b } is network parameter, and w is weight, and b is biasing.
Decoding is that feature coding is propagated to output layer from hidden layer, by activation primitive be mapped to m dimensional vector y ∈ [0, 1]m×1.The process of reconstructed sample x is as follows:
In formula: y is the reconstruct to sample x;F () is activation primitive, θ '={ w', b'} are reconstructed network parameter, and w' is Weight is reconstructed, b' is reconstruct biasing.
The training objective of autocoder network is by finding one group of optimal parameter θ*, so that output data and input Error between data is as small as possible, i.e. realization loss function L (θ) minimizes, and loss function expression formula is as follows:
3, stack encoder is studied
Stack encoder is cascaded by multiple autocoders, using the hidden layer of upper level autocoder under The input layer of level-one successively extracts abstract characteristics to form multi-level network structure.
Assuming that using w(k,1), w(k,2), b(k,1), b(k,2)The weight and deviation for indicating k-th of autocoder, then for one A n-layer stack encoder, cataloged procedure are exactly according to suitable from first layer autocoder to the last layer autocoder Sequence executes the coding step of each layer of autocoder:
a(l)=f (z(l)) (5)
z(l+1)=w(l, 1)a(l)+b(l, 1)
Similar, the decoding process of stack encoder executes each layer of autocoder according to sequence from back to front.
a(n+l)=f (z(n+l)) (6)
z(n+l+1)=w(n-l, 2)a(n+l)+b(n-l, 2)
4, training and verifying
A kind of method of relatively good acquisition stack encoder neural network parameter is carried out using successively greedy coaching method Training.The first layer that network is trained first with being originally inputted, obtains its parameter;Then network first tier, which will be originally inputted, turns Chemical conversion is the vector that is made of hidden unit activation value, then assigns the vector as the input of the second layer, continues trained to obtain the Two layers of parameter;Finally, successively being trained to the strategy that subsequent each layer equally uses.
For above-mentioned training method, when training each layer parameter, other each layer parameters can be fixed and remained unchanged.Institute With if expected preferably as a result, can be adjusted simultaneously by back-propagation algorithm after the completion of above-mentioned pre-training process For all layers of parameter to improve as a result, this process is generally known as finely tuning, fine tuning can significantly promote deep learning network Performance, be the common method of deep learning network reference services.In fact, using layer-by-layer greedy training method by parameter training To when soon restraining, it is necessary to use fine tuning., whereas if using fine tuning directly on the initial weight of randomization, then can obtain To bad as a result, because parameter can converge to local optimum.
According to the above feature of stack encoder, a kind of event based on stack encoder in conjunction with softmax classifier is proposed Hinder the fault diagnosis that diagnostic model is used for asynchronous machine.It is exactly by the output quantity a of stack encoder(n)As softmax classifier Input, to achieve the effect that classification, as shown in Figure 2.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, Er Qie In the case where without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power Benefit requires rather than above description limits, it is intended that all by what is fallen within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims Variation is included within the present invention.Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the involved claims.
In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, but not each embodiment is only wrapped Containing an independent technical solution, this description of the specification is merely for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should It considers the specification as a whole, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, forms those skilled in the art The other embodiments being understood that.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of Induction Motor Fault Diagnosis based on deep learning, which is characterized in that comprise the steps of:
Build the simulation experiment platform of asynchronous motor operating;
The acquisition of current signal and vibration signal is carried out to the electrical fault state simulated;
It extracts the internal characteristics for collecting data and carries out corresponding label, complete the building of data set;
Construct the fault diagnosis model based on stack encoder;Successively train the network and classifier;
Using the data set of construction the deep neural network built is trained, and combines simulation experiment platform to being proposed Method for diagnosing faults is verified.
2. a kind of Induction Motor Fault Diagnosis based on deep learning according to claim 1, which is characterized in that Simulation experiment platform in the step A is by computer, load controller, asynchronous machine, tachometer, current sensor, acceleration Spend sensor and NI data collecting card composition.
3. a kind of Induction Motor Fault Diagnosis based on deep learning according to claim 1, which is characterized in that The current signal is acquired by current sensor and acceleration transducer.
4. a kind of Induction Motor Fault Diagnosis based on deep learning according to claim 1, which is characterized in that The vibration signal is acquired by acceleration transducer.
5. a kind of Induction Motor Fault Diagnosis based on deep learning according to claim 1, which is characterized in that The data of the step B acquisition also need to be transferred to computer.
6. a kind of Induction Motor Fault Diagnosis based on deep learning according to claim 1, which is characterized in that The step D is specifically: the stack encoder deep layer network structure being formed by stacking by multilayer autocoder stack is constructed first, It constitutes fault diagnosis models of classifying then in conjunction with softmax classifier more, the data of vibration signal and current signal is combined As input, the network and classifier are successively trained, and has being finely adjusted to whole network for supervision.
7. -6 any a kind of Induction Motor Fault Diagnosis based on deep learning according to claim 1, special Sign is that the verifying index of the step E includes accuracy and speed.
CN201910325479.9A 2019-04-23 2019-04-23 A kind of Induction Motor Fault Diagnosis based on deep learning Pending CN110068760A (en)

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CN111766067A (en) * 2020-07-10 2020-10-13 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 Aircraft outfield aircraft engine fault prediction method based on deep learning
CN112052796A (en) * 2020-09-07 2020-12-08 电子科技大学 Permanent magnet synchronous motor fault diagnosis method based on deep learning

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