CN110067428B

CN110067428B - Protection method and system for nuclear power plant to resist commercial large airplane collision

Info

Publication number: CN110067428B
Application number: CN201910232792.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 范黎; 邢继; 张雪霜; 刘倩雯
Original assignee: China Nuclear Power Engineering Co Ltd
Current assignee: China Nuclear Power Engineering Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-03-26
Filing date: 2019-03-26
Publication date: 2021-09-17
Anticipated expiration: 2039-03-26
Also published as: CN110067428A

Abstract

The invention relates to a protection method and a protection system for a nuclear power plant to resist the impact of a commercial large airplane, wherein the method is used for protecting a reactor plant, a spent fuel storage plant and an electrical instrument control plant by arranging an anti-impact structure, meanwhile, two rows of redundant specially-arranged safety plants and functional support plant structures thereof are fully and physically isolated and arranged relative to the anti-impact structure, and a protection structure is arranged at a position of a possible opening or hole on the anti-impact structure. The invention realizes the comprehensive protection of four effects (namely, integral stability, local penetration effect, vibration effect and fire effect) generated by the impact of a big airplane, considers the balance of economy and the feasibility of engineering and has good application prospect.

Description

Protection method and system for nuclear power plant to resist commercial large airplane collision

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the external event protection design technology of a nuclear power plant, and particularly relates to a protection method and a protection system for the nuclear power plant to resist the impact of a commercial large airplane.

Background

Concern internationally after the 911 event in the united states was the potential for commercial large aircraft to attack national key facilities, including nuclear power plants. Various countries also have related requirements for new nuclear power plant applicants, including federal regulation 10CFR50, WENRA requirements of western european nuclear regulatory agency, and the like. National nuclear safety regulations HAF102 also specifically require nuclear power plant designs to take into account the potential for malicious attack by large commercial aircraft, as evaluated to demonstrate that the design can maintain the integrity of the cooling or containment vessel of the reactor core, as well as the integrity of the spent fuel cooling or spent fuel pool.

At present, most of the domestic and foreign third-generation pressurized water reactor nuclear power technologies have respective commercial large aircraft impact protection schemes, and usually, the measures of reinforcing structures and safety system redundancy design and geographical isolation are directly adopted. However, according to the nuclear safety-related regulatory guidelines, the effect of a commercial large aircraft impacting a nuclear power plant not only causes the overall stability damage and local penetration effect to the impacted plant structure, but also causes the vibration effect through the undamaged part connected with the impacted position, and causes the spread of fuel fire through opening a door, and the two effects of the vibration and the fuel damage more safety-related mechanical equipment (process systems, mechanical parts and the like), electrical equipment (cables, electrical instrument control cabinets and the like) outside the physical damaged area, thereby greatly increasing the influence range of the events, causing more safety system failures and the loss of the related electrical equipment and control systems, leading the nuclear power plant to fail to maintain the core cooling or the containment vessel to be intact, and failing to meet the acceptance criteria required in the regulatory guidelines.

For example, chinese patent application 201820428160.X discloses an anti-aircraft impact structure for a nuclear power plant, which is characterized in that an arc-shaped structure wall is arranged on the upper portion of a plant, an arc-shaped roof is arranged on the upper portion of the arc-shaped structure wall, the arc-shaped structure wall is arranged from a floor of the plant and extends towards the top of the plant, and the arc-shaped structure wall is fixedly connected with an outer wall of the plant and the arc-shaped roof on the upper portion of the plant. After the aircraft impacts an arc-shaped structure wall or an arc-shaped roof, the arc-shaped structure can enable the aircraft body to rotate, and the arc-shaped structure is changed into an upward-inclined flying-away arc-shaped structure from a downward-inclined impacting arc-shaped structure, so that the impact energy of the aircraft to the structure is reduced. According to the structure, the arc-shaped wall body, the arc-shaped roof and the plant are fixedly connected together, so that the vibration effect and the fuel fire caused by airplane impact are not considered, and the damage or the functional failure of internal equipment of the plant is easily caused.

On the other hand, the geographic isolation in some current heap type large aircraft solutions is limited in form, only the conventionally required physical isolation is achieved, and the sufficiency of the geographic isolation is not considered, and the spacing of the redundant arrangements should be at least larger than the largest dimension between the considered commercial large aircraft span engines, so that the redundant systems or facilities are not affected by secondary missions generated by a primary impact and the spread of fire, and the like. Therefore, the safety of the nuclear power plant after the occurrence of the event cannot be completely ensured only by formally reinforcing the structural design and isolating the redundant safety system, and the vibration and the fuel effect generated by the collision of the large aircraft must be considered and protected correspondingly, so that the protection of the nuclear power plant on the commercial large aircraft can be realized substantially, and the regulation and guidance requirements related to the nuclear safety are met.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a protection method and a protection system for a nuclear power plant to resist commercial large airplane collision, aiming at the defects of the prior art, so that the comprehensive protection of four effects generated by the large airplane collision, namely the overall stability, the local penetration effect, the vibration effect and the fire effect, is realized, and the balance of economy and the construction difficulty are properly considered.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a protection method for a nuclear power plant to resist commercial large aircraft impact is characterized in that an anti-impact structure is arranged in a reactor plant, a spent fuel storage plant and an electrical instrument control plant for protection, and meanwhile, two rows of redundant specially-designed safety plants and functional support plant structures thereof are fully and physically isolated and arranged relative to the anti-impact structure.

Further, according to the protection method for the nuclear power plant to resist the impact of the large commercial aircraft, the impact-resistant structure is not connected with the protected plant outer wall structure, and the situation that the important safety items are invalid due to the fact that vibration generated by the impact is directly transmitted inwards along the inner floor of the plant through the continuous structure is avoided.

Further, the protection method for the nuclear power plant against the collision of the large commercial aircraft is characterized in that a protection structure is arranged at the position of an opening or a hole in the collision-resistant structure, so that fuel oil in collision is prevented from entering the inside of the collision-resistant structure.

The utility model provides a nuclear power plant resists protection system of commercial big aircraft striking, including covering at the reactor factory building, the spent fuel stores the factory building, the anti big aircraft striking shell in the electrical apparatus accuse factory building body structure outside, two redundant special safe factory buildings of establishing are located the symmetrical both sides of the outer anti big aircraft striking shell of reactor factory building, two emergent diesel generator factory buildings of system power supply for carrying out the cooling function are located the nuclear island periphery and are kept apart by anti big aircraft striking shell or special safe factory building, provide two important factory-used water pump rooms of final hot-trap for the cooling function, the floor layer that two water intaking galleries are located underground and the top can resist the impact of big aircraft hard flight thing.

Further, a protection system for a nuclear power plant against a commercial large airplane crash as described above, wherein said large airplane crash resistant shell comprises a large airplane crash resistant monolithic structure and a concrete shield against partial penetration and fire spread.

Further, the protection system for the nuclear power plant to resist the impact of the commercial large aircraft is characterized in that the large aircraft impact resisting shell is a reinforced concrete shell which is arranged independently and comprises a vertical wall and a roof wall, shares the same concrete bottom plate with the protected plant and is not connected with the common outer wall structure of the protected plant.

Further, the protection system for the nuclear power plant against the impact of the large commercial aircraft is described above, wherein the range covered by the large aircraft impact resistant shell, except for the reactor plant, the spent fuel storage plant and the electrical instrument control plant can be two independent impact resistant structures, and can also be combined into one large impact resistant structure.

Further, protection system that commercial big aircraft striking was resisted to nuclear power plant as above, wherein, anti big aircraft striking shell can set up vertical wall in the middle of the factory building for support anti big aircraft striking shell, separate the protection with the factory building that covers simultaneously.

Further, protection system that commercial big aircraft striking was resisted to nuclear power plant as above, wherein, the overall structure and the thickness of anti big aircraft striking shell should guarantee that the internal reinforcement does not exceed ultimate strain when big aircraft strikes, and the maximum displacement does not exceed the interval with the factory building outer wall, also can not take place local penetration.

The thickness of the whole structure of the anti-large airplane impact shell is 1.5-1.8 m, and when adjacent structures exist on the flight path of the airplane and can provide shielding effect for the protected part, the thickness of the shielded part of the anti-large airplane impact shell is correspondingly reduced to 1.0-1.5 m.

Further, the protection system for the nuclear power plant to resist the impact of the commercial big aircraft is characterized in that the concrete protection cover is an inverted L-shaped high-strength concrete structure arranged at the position of the through hole of the cable or the pipeline and is connected with the anti-big aircraft impact shell, and the outer side of the protection cover can cover the whole area of the protected hole.

Further, a system for protecting a nuclear power plant against a commercial large aircraft crash as described above, wherein a cofferdam is provided at a location where a vent is present at the top of said large aircraft crash resistant housing for preventing accumulated fuel from leaking down the vent conduit.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the protection scheme for the nuclear power plant to resist the commercial large airplane impact comprehensively considers the overall, local, vibration and fuel effects generated by the airplane impact, practically protects the commercial large airplane from the nuclear power plant, and meets the regulatory guide requirements related to nuclear safety.

2. The protection scheme of the large airplane impact resistant shell and the redundant full physical isolation arrangement, provided by the invention, not only realizes the comprehensive protection of the nuclear power plant on the commercial large airplane impact, but also considers the balance of economy and the feasibility of engineering.

3. The anti big aircraft striking shell can prevent that inside factory building structure from receiving holistic and local destruction that commercial big aircraft striking brought, and the high-frequency vibration that strikes the production in the twinkling of an eye only propagates downwards through sharing bottom plate, can not lead to the fact the influence to inside factory building and facility.

4. The protective cover and the roof cofferdam can prevent aircraft fuel from entering the interior of a plant through necessary holes on the anti-large aircraft collision shell, and prevent more safety facilities from losing efficacy due to fire spreading.

Drawings

FIGS. 1A-1C are schematic diagrams of three embodiments of a protection system for a nuclear power plant against a commercial large aircraft crash provided by the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a sheltered facade wall of the anti-crash hull of a large aircraft provided in accordance with the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a concrete shield according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples. It should be understood that the description of the specific embodiments of the present invention is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive.

According to the requirements of acceptance criteria in regulations and guidelines on the integrity and cooling of reactors and spent fuel, reactor plants, spent fuel storage plants, electrical instrument control plants (including a main control room and an important instrument control cabinet for handling accidents by operators), special safety plants for performing cooling functions and plant structures (for supplying power and taking water) supporting the functions need to be designed and protected.

Fig. 1A, fig. 1B and fig. 1C are schematic diagrams of several specific embodiments of a general protection scheme for preventing a large commercial aircraft from being hit in a nuclear power plant according to the present invention. The scheme comprises the following steps: the reactor plant 1, the spent fuel storage plant 2 and the electrical instrument control plant 3 are provided with large airplane impact resistant shells specially arranged outside the body structures, the plant body structure comprises an internal floor and a common outer wall, and the large airplane impact resistant shell comprises a large airplane impact resistant integral structure and a concrete protective cover for preventing local penetration/fire spread; the

safety plants

4 and 5 containing two rows of redundant special safety facilities are respectively arranged at two sides of the reactor plant 1, the plants containing two rows of redundant emergency diesel generator sets are respectively arranged at two of the four positions a/b/c/d, and the distance between the redundant systems or facilities is at least larger than the maximum size between wingspan engines of the commercial large aircraft under consideration, so that the redundant systems or facilities cannot be influenced by secondary missiles generated by primary impact and fire spreading and the like at the same time, thereby realizing sufficient physical isolation and ensuring that at least one row can be used under the condition of primary impact. In addition, the floor layer of two important service water pump rooms and two water taking galleries which are positioned underground and above and provide final hot traps for the cooling function can resist the impact of hard flying objects of the big airplane, thereby further ensuring that the equipment cannot be influenced by the impact of the big airplane.

As shown in fig. 1A, the anti-large aircraft impact shell provides protection for a reactor plant 1 containing nuclear fuel, a spent fuel storage plant 2 and an electrical instrument plant 3 containing a main control room, has a certain interval with the internal structure of each plant, and shares the same concrete bottom plate with other nuclear island plants. In the embodiment of fig. 1A, the reactor plant 1, the spent fuel storage plant 2 and the electrical instrument control plant 3 are respectively provided with a large aircraft impact resistant shell outside.

Safety plants

4 and 5 containing two rows of redundant special safety facilities are respectively arranged at two sides of the reactor plant 1, and plants containing two rows of redundant emergency diesel generator sets are respectively arranged at two of the four positions a/b/c/d. Two important factory water pump rooms and two water taking galleries which provide final hot traps for the cooling function are arranged underground and above the two important factory water pump rooms and the two water taking galleries, floor layers capable of resisting the impact of hard flying objects of the big airplane are arranged. As shown in FIG. 2, the thickness of the part of the anti-large airplane impact shell 7 which can be directly impacted is 1.5-1.8 m, and the thickness of the part which can be shielded by the adjacent structures is 1.0-1.5 m. This anti big aircraft striking shell can be when big aircraft striking that the inside reinforcing bar is no longer than the ultimate strain, and the maximum displacement is no longer than the interval with the factory building outer wall, also can not take place the local penetration. Because the anti big aircraft striking shell is disconnected with inside factory building outer wall, the high frequency vibration at the striking moment only transmits to sharing bottom plate downwards, and can not influence the equipment on the inside floor.

As shown in fig. 1B, in another embodiment of the present invention, in a case where the fuel storage function and the electrical instrument control function are combined and arranged in one plant 2+3, the shells for resisting large aircraft impact outside the spent fuel storage plant and the electrical instrument control plant are combined into one, and for this type of arrangement, the shell for resisting large aircraft impact only needs to protect the reactor plant 1 and the electrical fuel plant 2+3, and the shell for resisting large aircraft impact has a certain interval with the internal structure of each plant and shares the same concrete bottom plate with other plant of the nuclear island. The

safety plants

4 and 5 containing two rows of redundant dedicated safety facilities are still respectively arranged at two sides of the reactor plant 1, and the two rows of redundant emergency diesel generator sets can be arranged at two of the three positions a/B/c in fig. 1B so as to realize sufficient geographical isolation. Two important factory water pump rooms and two water taking galleries which provide final hot traps for the cooling function are arranged underground and above the two important factory water pump rooms and the two water taking galleries, floor layers capable of resisting the impact of hard flying objects of the big airplane are arranged. The shell thickness design of the anti-large airplane impact shell can still follow the principle of the above embodiment, and the shell thickness can be properly reduced at the part which can be shielded by the adjacent structures. The anti-large airplane impact shell is not connected with the outer wall of the internal plant, and the high-frequency vibration at the moment of impact is only transmitted downwards to the shared bottom plate without affecting equipment on the internal floor slab.

To the too big factory building of span, if electric instrument accuse factory building 3 has a wall body span great among FIG. 1C, then the anti big aircraft impact shell of this factory building of protection can set up vertical wall in the factory building intermediate position, separates the support with the factory building that covers. This structure has divided into two parts with electrical instrument accuse factory building 3, and each part all constitutes an independent factory building space, and the body structure outside of every part factory building all sets up anti big aircraft striking shell. The thickness of supporting the vertical wall is 0.8-1.3 m, and has a certain interval with the vertical wall and the floor of the electrical instrument control plant 3, and the vertical wall and the floor share the same concrete bottom plate with other nuclear island plants, so that the vibration influence caused by the impact of a large airplane is avoided. The

safety plants

4 and 5 containing two rows of redundant special safety facilities are still respectively arranged at two sides of the reactor plant 1, and the plants containing two rows of redundant emergency diesel generator sets are respectively arranged at two of the four positions a/b/c/d. Two important factory water pump rooms and two water taking galleries which provide final hot traps for the cooling function are arranged underground and above the two important factory water pump rooms and the two water taking galleries, floor layers capable of resisting the impact of hard flying objects of the big airplane are arranged.

The anti-large airplane impact shell arranged outside the reactor plant, the spent fuel storage plant and the electrical instrument control plant body structure can have some hole designs, such as necessary pipeline or cable through holes, which can be locally penetrated by hard flying objects such as an engine and the like when the airplane impacts. In addition, aircraft fuel may be injected into the interior of the plant through these holes, greatly increasing the damage range, and possibly rendering ineffective the equipment to be put into operation after some accidents, so that it is necessary to protect such holes with a concrete shield.

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional structural view of a concrete cover 6 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The concrete protective cover 6 is connected to the anti-large airplane impact shell 7, the longitudinal section of the concrete protective cover is in an inverted L shape, the concrete protective cover can cover the area of the whole hole 8, the lower edge of the concrete protective cover is at least flush with the lower edge of the hole, fuel oil is prevented from splashing into a workshop, and enough space is reserved for cable laying construction.

In addition, the position of the vent at the top of the anti-big aircraft collision shell can be provided with a cofferdam structure, the cofferdam is arranged around the vent, accumulated fuel can be prevented from leaking into the interior of a plant along the vent pipeline, and a fire hazard is spread to cause more safety facilities to fail.

The anti-collision shell for the big airplane provided by the invention has a simple structure, basically belongs to an inverted box (in the form of a Chinese character 'mu' shape, a 'ri' shape, a 'pin' shape and the like), and is particularly easy to implement engineering by adding some local reinforcing measures (such as a concrete protective cover for a door opening, a cofferdam and the like). Compared with the scheme of the arc-shaped roof of Chinese patent application 201820428160.X, the method has obvious implementation advantage.

Moreover, the protection scheme for resisting the impact of the commercial large airplane provided by the invention also reasonably considers the economy of the whole system on the basis of fully considering the engineering feasibility.

Firstly, the protection scheme is simple and clear in protection object, only protects the most basic parts (namely a reactor plant, a spent fuel storage plant and an electrical instrument control plant) meeting the rule acceptance criteria, and also considers the shielding effect shown in figure 2, so that the civil construction amount is saved.

Secondly, most importantly, for the system (including a complete set of support systems for power supply, cooling and the like) which needs to maintain the cooling of the reactor in the rule and regulation acceptance criteria, the two-column simplified design is a method for balancing safety, reliability and economy, and the factory buildings of the two-column system do not adopt additional anti-collision shell measures (investment is saved), but are fully and geographically isolated.

By the method for the two-column safety system and the support system, under the condition of large-scale factory building damage caused by airplane impact, one complete column can still meet the cooling requirement through sufficient geographical isolation, so that overpressure of the containment cannot occur, and the function and the integrity of the containment can be guaranteed. On the other hand, the two-column method combines the safety, reliability and economyBecause simply increasing the number of security columns is not an optimal solution. From the perspective of the legislation, a single failure assumption is satisfied, and at least two columns of arrangements are sufficient to satisfy the legislation requirements. However, the safety train is increased too much, the reliability is increased only in a limited way, and the cost of economy is doubled. For example, assuming a 90% reliability for a one-column system, the reliability for a two-column system can be considered to be 99% (1-10%), and then 99.9% (1-0.1%) for three columns³) The four columns are 99.99% (1-0.1)⁴) It can be seen that from one column to two columns, 9% reliability is added, while adding the third column only adds 0.9% reliability and adding the fourth column only adds 0.09% reliability. Therefore, simply overlapping redundant columns does not bring about a significant increase in security. The technical scheme of the invention is a complete and effective protection scheme for the nuclear power plant to resist the impact of the commercial large aircraft, which is designed by comprehensively considering a plurality of factors such as engineering feasibility, safety, economy and the like.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A protection method for a nuclear power plant to resist commercial large airplane impact is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is used for protecting a reactor factory building, a spent fuel storage factory building and an electrical instrument control factory building by arranging an anti-collision structure, wherein the anti-collision structure comprises an anti-large aircraft collision shell which covers the outer sides of the reactor factory building, the spent fuel storage factory building and the electrical instrument control factory building body structure, and a concrete protective cover which is used for preventing local penetration and fire spreading of necessary holes on the shell, a cofferdam used for preventing accumulated fuel oil from leaking down along a vent pipeline is arranged at the position of a vent on the top of the anti-large aircraft collision shell, the anti-large aircraft collision shell is a separately arranged reinforced concrete shell and comprises a vertical wall and a roof wall, the vertical wall and the roof wall share the same concrete bottom plate with the protected factory building and are not connected with a common outer wall structure of the protected factory building, and the vibration generated by collision is prevented from being directly transmitted inwards along the inner floor of the factory building through a continuous structure to cause failure of important safety items, the integral structure and the thickness of the anti-large airplane impact shell are required to ensure that the internal steel bars do not exceed the limit strain when a large airplane is impacted, the maximum displacement does not exceed the distance between the internal steel bars and the outer wall of a factory building, and local penetration does not occur; meanwhile, two rows of redundant special safe plants and functional support plant structures thereof are fully and physically isolated and arranged relative to the anti-collision structure.

2. The utility model provides a protection system that commercial big aircraft striking was resisted to nuclear power plant which characterized in that: comprises a large airplane impact resistant shell which covers the outer sides of the body structures of a reactor plant, a spent fuel storage plant and an electrical instrument control plant, the integral structure and the thickness of the anti-large airplane impact shell are required to ensure that the internal steel bar does not exceed the limit strain and the maximum displacement does not exceed the distance between the anti-large airplane impact shell and the outer wall of a factory building and the anti-large airplane impact shell does not locally penetrate, the anti-large airplane impact shell is a reinforced concrete shell which is arranged independently, the concrete bottom plate is shared by the protected factory building and is not connected with the common vertical surface structure of the protected factory building, the thickness of the part of the anti-large airplane impact shell, which is provided with the adjacent structure and can provide shielding protection for the anti-large airplane impact shell, is thinner than the thickness of the whole structure, the hole on the anti-large airplane impact shell is provided with a concrete protective cover for preventing local penetration and fire spread, a cofferdam for preventing accumulated fuel oil from leaking down along a vent pipeline is arranged at the position of a vent on the top of the anti-large airplane impact shell; two redundant special safe plants are located outside the reactor plant and are fully and physically isolated by the anti-large-aircraft impact shell at two symmetrical sides of the anti-large-aircraft impact shell, two emergency diesel generator plants for supplying power to a system executing a cooling function are located at the periphery of the nuclear island and are fully and physically isolated by the anti-large-aircraft impact shell or the special safe plants, and two important service water pumps for providing final hot traps for the cooling function and floor layers above two water taking galleries are located underground and can resist the impact of hard flying jets of the large aircraft.

3. A nuclear power plant protection system against impacts from large commercial aircraft as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the range covered by the anti-large aircraft impact shell can be two independent anti-impact structures except a reactor plant, a spent fuel storage plant and an electrical instrument control plant, and can also be combined into a large anti-impact structure.

4. A nuclear power plant protection system against impacts from large commercial aircraft as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the anti big aircraft striking shell can set up vertical wall in the middle of the factory building for support anti big aircraft striking shell, separate the protection with the factory building that covers simultaneously.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the nuclear power plant is configured to protect against a large commercial aircraft crash: the thickness of the whole structure of the anti-large airplane impact shell is 1.5-1.8 m, and when adjacent structures exist on the flight path of the airplane and can provide shielding effect for the protected part, the thickness of the shielded part of the anti-large airplane impact shell is correspondingly reduced to 1.0-1.5 m.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the nuclear power plant is configured to protect against a large commercial aircraft crash: the concrete protective cover is an inverted L-shaped high-strength concrete structure arranged at the position of a through hole of a cable or a pipeline and is connected with the anti-big airplane impact shell, and the outer side of the protective cover can cover the area of the whole protected hole.