CN110066183A - 一种耐高温型蜂窝蓄热体的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种耐高温型蜂窝蓄热体的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐高温型蜂窝蓄热体的制备方法,属于工业特种陶瓷技术领域。本发明首先以耐高温性能极佳的刚玉、莫来石为原料,稻壳纤维发生水解产生糠醛,稻壳中含有二氧化硅和碳元素,提高了粘接剂的耐高温性,蛋白中含有大量二硫键,本发明首先以刚玉、莫来石为原料,以其为原料制得的蓄热体的耐高温性得以提升,再以稻壳为原料,稻壳中含有二氧化硅和碳元素,在高温蒸煮的过程中,可生成碳化硅,提高了粘接剂的耐高温性,蛋白中含有大量二硫键,其柔性好,蛋白胶体粘度较高,部分肽链在气液界面上伸展,使得泡沫界面膜的机械强度增加,它的加入使得本发明制得的蜂窝蓄热体的热震稳定性提升,具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明公开了一种耐高温型蜂窝蓄热体的制备方法,属于工业特种陶瓷技术领域。
背景技术
高效蓄热材料是实现高温空气燃烧技术中最关键的,也是最具技术含量和体现工业制造水平的部件。开发生产的系列蜂窝陶瓷蓄热体具有压力损失小、比表面积大、传热速度快、热震性好、蓄热量高等特点,重量只有球状蓄热体的1/10~1/5,体积仅为1/7。主要应用于采用蓄热烧嘴式燃烧技术的推钢式加热炉、步进梁式加热炉、台车式热处理炉、氢气罩式退火炉、钢包烘烤器、熔铝炉等冶金工业炉窑。
蜂窝陶瓷蓄热体以耐高温、热膨胀系数低的莫来石、堇青石等为主要原料,采用无机-有机复合粘结剂,经混捏后采用挤塑成型方法及微波-红外联合干燥技术、烧结等工艺加工而成.根据所用原料不同,产品可以在低温、中温、中高温及高温等不同温度范围使用。利用这些材料制成的蜂窝蓄热体具有低热膨胀性、比热容大,因有较大的比表面积,所以具有压降小、压力损失小、热阻小、传热速度快、导热性能好、耐热冲击、使用寿命长等优点。
蓄热式燃烧技术是高温窑炉燃烧领域的一种古老而年轻的节能环保技术,蓄热燃烧系统温度效益及热效率的高低,直接取决于蓄热体的性能。近年来开发压力损失小,热交换面积大的蜂窝陶瓷蓄热体已成为高性能蓄热体研发领域的一个热点。目前开发出的蜂窝陶瓷蓄热体仅能在低于1300℃的温度下使用,开发的也不超过1350℃,但工程应用中经常需要蓄热体在1400℃以上的环境下工作。并且现有的额蜂窝陶瓷蓄热体的热震稳定性也不高。
目前在国内现有技术中生产蜂窝陶瓷蓄热体,传统的配方为:刚玉莫来石粉、高岭土、氧化铝微粉、氧化硅微粉、羟丙基甲基纤维素、水、桐油与菜籽油。其传统生产工艺为:混料、捏合、挤压成型、微波定型、烘箱或烘房干燥、切割、吹灰、装窑、烧成。传统的配方中的桐油或菜籽油作为助挤剂,在干燥和焙烧过重产生大量的黑烟,长期危害工人身体健康和车间空气质量。其工艺所生产的蜂窝陶瓷蓄热体所需能耗大,生产周期短,占产品制造成本的25%左右;而且生产过程消耗大量能源,焙烧产生大量黑烟,严重污染环境。如公开专利一种不用桐油少用纤维素的蜂窝陶瓷的生产方法,具体包括将糯米磨成粉,加水,加蒸汽煮熟;加入3~5%的面粉熬成面糊状;加入20~30%的铝溶胶或硅溶胶,放入球磨机中研磨;磨好的浆过80目筛,作为蜂窝陶瓷临时粘合剂;在配好的蜂窝陶瓷原料中加入18~23%的临时粘合剂,0.5~0.8%的羧甲基纤维素,进行捏合,真空练泥,挤压成型,干燥,烧制成蜂窝陶瓷。该方法可以有效的降低生产成本,但是粘合剂制备工序复杂。所以,目前陶瓷蓄热体缺乏节能环保、简便低廉的生产工艺。
因此,发明一种耐高温性好且热震稳定性高的蜂窝蓄热体的制备方法,属于蓄热体技术领域。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题,针对目前市面上的蜂窝蓄热体存在耐高温性差,热震稳定性不高的缺陷,提供了一种耐高温型蜂窝蓄热体的制备方法。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种耐高温型蜂窝蓄热体的制备方法为:
将泥料装入蜂窝陶瓷专用压机进行压坯,压制结束后出料,得到坯体,将坯体切割后装入烘箱中,在温度为105~110℃条件下干燥30~40min,即得耐高温型蜂窝蓄热体;
泥料的制备方法为:
将过筛粉末、减压蒸馏产物、蛋清蛋白质混合后,放入搅拌仪中,搅拌20~30min后,放入捏合机中,捏合20~30min,得到泥料;
过筛粉末的制备方法为:
将刚玉、莫来石混合后,放入粉碎机中,以600~800r/min的转速粉碎30~40min后,得到粉碎物,将粉碎物过100目筛,得到过筛粉末;
减压蒸馏产物的制备方法为:
(1)将稻壳放入组织粉碎机中,粉碎20~30min,得到稻壳粉碎物,将稻壳粉碎物与质量分数为10%的苹果酸溶液混合后,放入高温高压蒸煮罐中,在温度为200~210℃,压力为1.6~1.8MPa的条件下,高温高压蒸煮反应40~50min,得到混合物;
(2)将上述混合物过滤,去除滤液,收集滤渣,将滤渣、苯酚、质量分数为3%的氢氧化钠溶液混合后装入反应釜中,加热升温至85~90℃,搅拌反应3~5h,得到预处理物;
(3)将上述预处理物放入减压蒸馏装置中,减压蒸馏30~40min,减压蒸馏结束后,得到减压蒸馏产物。
耐高温型蜂窝蓄热体的制备方法中,蜂窝陶瓷专用压机内的压制压力为100~200吨。
泥料的制备方法中,过筛粉末、减压蒸馏产物、蛋清蛋白质的质量比为3︰2︰2。
过筛粉末的制备方法中,刚玉、莫来石的质量比为1︰1。
减压蒸馏产物的制备方法中,稻壳粉碎物与质量分数为10%的苹果酸溶液的质量比为1︰8。
减压蒸馏产物的制备方法中,滤渣、苯酚和质量分数为3%的氢氧化钠溶液的质量比为2︰1︰4。
减压蒸馏产物的制备方法中,减压蒸馏的压力为900~1000Pa,减压蒸馏的温度为80~90℃。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明首先以耐高温性能极佳的刚玉、莫来石为原料,将其粉碎、过筛得到过筛粉末,再以稻壳为原料,将其粉碎后与有机羧酸混合高温蒸煮,在蒸煮的过程中,稻壳纤维发生水解产生糠醛,糠醛与苯酚在碱性条件下生成粘接性能极佳的酚醛树脂,酚醛树脂在本发明制得的蜂窝蓄热体中可作为粘结剂使用,另外,稻壳中含有二氧化硅和碳元素,在高温蒸煮的过程中,生成耐高温性能极佳的碳化硅,碳化硅与酚醛树脂混合在一起,提高了粘接剂的耐高温性,蛋白中含有大量二硫键,在蜂窝蓄热体中形成许多纳米级气泡,气泡有缓冲、卸压的作用,使得蜂窝蓄热体的热震稳定性提升,将过筛粉末、粘结剂、蛋清蛋白混合搅拌得到泥料,再将泥料压坯、切割、微波干燥,即得耐高温型蜂窝蓄热体,本发明首先以刚玉、莫来石为原料,将其粉碎、过筛得到过筛粉末,刚玉、莫来石的结构很稳定,具有优良的耐高温性、耐腐蚀性且强度高,以其为原料制得的蓄热体的耐高温性得以提升,再以稻壳为原料,将其粉碎后与有机羧酸混合高温蒸煮,在蒸煮的过程中,稻壳纤维发生水解,水解导致糠醛的产生,糠醛会与后续加入的苯酚在碱性条件下生成粘接性能极佳的酚醛树脂,酚醛树脂在本发明制得的蜂窝蓄热体中可作为粘结剂使用,另外,稻壳中含有二氧化硅和碳元素,在高温蒸煮的过程中,可生成碳化硅,碳化硅的化学性质稳定,导热系数高、膨胀系数小、耐磨性好,它的熔点在2700℃,可以承受极高的温度,碳化硅与酚醛树脂混合在一起,提高了粘接剂的耐高温性,从而大大提升了本发明蜂窝蓄热体的耐高温性,蛋白中含有大量二硫键,其柔性好,具有明显的两亲性,在蜂窝蓄热体中具有良好的起泡能力,会形成许多纳米级气泡,蛋白胶体粘度较高,部分肽链在气液界面上伸展,形成二维保护网络,使得泡沫界面膜的机械强度增加,可促进气泡的稳定性,封闭的气泡有缓冲、卸压的作用,它的加入使得本发明制得的蜂窝蓄热体的热震稳定性提升,具有广阔的应用前景。
具体实施方式
将刚玉、莫来石按质量比为1︰1混合后,放入粉碎机中,以600~800r/min的转速粉碎30~40min后,得到粉碎物,将粉碎物过100目筛,得到过筛粉末,备用;将稻壳放入组织粉碎机中,粉碎20~30min,得到稻壳粉碎物,将稻壳粉碎物与质量分数为10%的苹果酸溶液按质量比为1︰8混合后,放入高温高压蒸煮罐中,在温度为200~210℃,压力为1.6~1.8MPa的条件下,高温高压蒸煮反应40~50min,得到混合物;将上述混合物过滤,去除滤液,收集滤渣,将滤渣、苯酚、质量分数为3%的氢氧化钠溶液按质量比为2︰1︰4混合后装入反应釜中,加热升温至85~90℃,搅拌反应3~5h,得到预处理物;将上述预处理物放入减压蒸馏装置中,在压力为900~1000Pa,温度为80~90℃的条件下,减压蒸馏30~40min,减压蒸馏结束后,得到减压蒸馏产物;将备用过筛粉末、上述减压蒸馏产物、蛋清蛋白质按质量比为3︰2︰2混合后,放入搅拌仪中,搅拌20~30min后,放入捏合机中,捏合20~30min,得到泥料;将上述泥料抽真空后装入蜂窝陶瓷专用压机进行压坯,设置蜂窝陶瓷专用压机内的压力为100~200吨,压制结束后出料,得到坯体,将坯体切割后装入烘箱中,在温度为105~110℃条件下干燥30~40min,即得耐高温型蜂窝蓄热体。
实例1
过筛粉末的制备:
将刚玉、莫来石按质量比为1︰1混合后,放入粉碎机中,以600r/min的转速粉碎30min后,得到粉碎物,将粉碎物过100目筛,得到过筛粉末,备用;
减压蒸馏产物的制备:
将稻壳放入组织粉碎机中,粉碎20min,得到稻壳粉碎物,将稻壳粉碎物与质量分数为10%的苹果酸溶液按质量比为1︰8混合后,放入高温高压蒸煮罐中,在温度为200℃,压力为1.6MPa的条件下,高温高压蒸煮反应40min,得到混合物;
将上述混合物过滤,去除滤液,收集滤渣,将滤渣、苯酚、质量分数为3%的氢氧化钠溶液按质量比为2︰1︰4混合后装入反应釜中,加热升温至85℃,搅拌反应3h,得到预处理物;
将上述预处理物放入减压蒸馏装置中,在压力为900Pa,温度为80℃的条件下,减压蒸馏30min,减压蒸馏结束后,得到减压蒸馏产物;
泥料的制备:
将备用过筛粉末、上述减压蒸馏产物、蛋清蛋白质按质量比为3︰2︰2混合后,放入搅拌仪中,搅拌20min后,放入捏合机中,捏合20min,得到泥料;
耐高温型蜂窝蓄热体的制备:
将上述泥料抽真空后装入蜂窝陶瓷专用压机进行压坯,设置蜂窝陶瓷专用压机内的压力为100吨,压制结束后出料,得到坯体,将坯体切割后装入烘箱中,在温度为105℃条件下干燥30min,即得耐高温型蜂窝蓄热体。
实例2
过筛粉末的制备:
将刚玉、莫来石按质量比为1︰1混合后,放入粉碎机中,以700r/min的转速粉碎35min后,得到粉碎物,将粉碎物过100目筛,得到过筛粉末,备用;
减压蒸馏产物的制备:
将稻壳放入组织粉碎机中,粉碎25min,得到稻壳粉碎物,将稻壳粉碎物与质量分数为10%的苹果酸溶液按质量比为1︰8混合后,放入高温高压蒸煮罐中,在温度为205℃,压力为1.7MPa的条件下,高温高压蒸煮反应45min,得到混合物;
将上述混合物过滤,去除滤液,收集滤渣,将滤渣、苯酚、质量分数为3%的氢氧化钠溶液按质量比为2︰1︰4混合后装入反应釜中,加热升温至87℃,搅拌反应4h,得到预处理物;
将上述预处理物放入减压蒸馏装置中,在压力为950a,温度为85℃的条件下,减压蒸馏35min,减压蒸馏结束后,得到减压蒸馏产物;
泥料的制备:
将备用过筛粉末、上述减压蒸馏产物、蛋清蛋白质按质量比为3︰2︰2混合后,放入搅拌仪中,搅拌25min后,放入捏合机中,捏合25min,得到泥料;
耐高温型蜂窝蓄热体的制备:
将上述泥料抽真空后装入蜂窝陶瓷专用压机进行压坯,设置蜂窝陶瓷专用压机内的压力为150吨,压制结束后出料,得到坯体,将坯体切割后装入烘箱中,在温度为107℃条件下干燥35min,即得耐高温型蜂窝蓄热体。
实例3
过筛粉末的制备:
将刚玉、莫来石按质量比为1︰1混合后,放入粉碎机中,以800r/min的转速粉碎40min后,得到粉碎物,将粉碎物过100目筛,得到过筛粉末,备用;
减压蒸馏产物的制备:
将稻壳放入组织粉碎机中,粉碎30min,得到稻壳粉碎物,将稻壳粉碎物与质量分数为10%的苹果酸溶液按质量比为1︰8混合后,放入高温高压蒸煮罐中,在温度为210℃,压力为1.8MPa的条件下,高温高压蒸煮反应50min,得到混合物;
将上述混合物过滤,去除滤液,收集滤渣,将滤渣、苯酚、质量分数为3%的氢氧化钠溶液按质量比为2︰1︰4混合后装入反应釜中,加热升温至90℃,搅拌反应5h,得到预处理物;
将上述预处理物放入减压蒸馏装置中,在压力为1000Pa,温度为90℃的条件下,减压蒸馏40min,减压蒸馏结束后,得到减压蒸馏产物;
泥料的制备:
将备用过筛粉末、上述减压蒸馏产物、蛋清蛋白质按质量比为3︰2︰2混合后,放入搅拌仪中,搅拌30min后,放入捏合机中,捏合30min,得到泥料;
耐高温型蜂窝蓄热体的制备:
将上述泥料抽真空后装入蜂窝陶瓷专用压机进行压坯,设置蜂窝陶瓷专用压机内的压力为200吨,压制结束后出料,得到坯体,将坯体切割后装入烘箱中,在温度为110℃条件下干燥40min,即得耐高温型蜂窝蓄热体。
对比例1:与实例2的制备方法基本相同,唯有不同的是缺少过筛粉末。
对比例2:与实例2的制备方法基本相同,唯有不同的是缺少减压蒸馏产物。
对比例3:江西某公司生产的耐高温型蜂窝蓄热体。
耐火度、导热系数、抗压强度差测试按JC/T2135-2012蜂窝陶瓷蓄热体建筑标准进行检测。
热震稳定性测试:将实例1~3和对比例中的蜂窝蓄热体置于1300℃的高温环境下,稳定后测得导热系数;再将实例1~3和对比例中的蜂窝蓄热体置于1100℃、风冷的条件下,测得抗压强度。
表1蜂窝蓄热体性能测定结果
测试项目 | 实例1 | 实例2 | 实例3 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 | 对比例3 |
耐火度(℃) | 1690 | 1695 | 1700 | 1350 | 1430 | 1450 |
室温导热系数(W/m·K) | 10.2 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 8.1 | 8.6 | 8.7 |
1300℃导热系数(W/m·K) | 8.7 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 5.0 | 5.6 | 5.8 |
抗压强度(MPa) | 35 | 37 | 38 | 28 | 24 | 29 |
抗压强度(1100℃,风冷)(MPa) | 30 | 31 | 32 | 22 | 15 | 23 |
根据上述检测数据可知本发明的耐高温型蜂窝蓄热体耐高温性好,可耐1700℃的高温,热震稳定性好,1300℃的高温条件下导热系数高,1100℃、风冷的条件下抗压强度高,高温不会对蜂窝蓄热体产生损坏,热震稳定性好,具有广阔的应用前景。
Claims (7)
1.一种耐高温型蜂窝蓄热体的制备方法,其特征在于具体制备步骤为:
将泥料装入蜂窝陶瓷专用压机进行压坯,压制结束后出料,得到坯体,将坯体切割后装入烘箱中,在温度为105~110℃条件下干燥30~40min,即得耐高温型蜂窝蓄热体;
所述泥料的制备步骤为:
将过筛粉末、减压蒸馏产物、蛋清蛋白质混合后,放入搅拌仪中,搅拌20~30min后,放入捏合机中,捏合20~30min,得到泥料;
所述过筛粉末的制备步骤为:
将刚玉、莫来石混合后,放入粉碎机中,以600~800r/min的转速粉碎30~40min后,得到粉碎物,将粉碎物过100目筛,得到过筛粉末;
所述减压蒸馏产物的制备步骤为:
(1)将稻壳放入组织粉碎机中,粉碎20~30min,得到稻壳粉碎物,将稻壳粉碎物与质量分数为10%的苹果酸溶液混合后,放入高温高压蒸煮罐中,在温度为200~210℃,压力为1.6~1.8MPa的条件下,高温高压蒸煮反应40~50min,得到混合物;
(2)将上述混合物过滤,去除滤液,收集滤渣,将滤渣、苯酚、质量分数为3%的氢氧化钠溶液混合后装入反应釜中,加热升温至85~90℃,搅拌反应3~5h,得到预处理物;
(3)将上述预处理物放入减压蒸馏装置中,减压蒸馏30~40min,减压蒸馏结束后,得到减压蒸馏产物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温型蜂窝蓄热体的制备方法,其特征在于:所述耐高温型蜂窝蓄热体的具体制备步骤中,蜂窝陶瓷专用压机内的压制压力为100~200吨。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温型蜂窝蓄热体的制备方法,其特征在于:所述泥料的制备步骤中,过筛粉末、减压蒸馏产物、蛋清蛋白质的质量比为3︰2︰2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温型蜂窝蓄热体的制备方法,其特征在于:所述过筛粉末的制备步骤中,刚玉、莫来石的质量比为1︰1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温型蜂窝蓄热体的制备方法,其特征在于:所述减压蒸馏产物的制备步骤(1)中,稻壳粉碎物与质量分数为10%的苹果酸溶液的质量比为1︰8。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温型蜂窝蓄热体的制备方法,其特征在于:所述减压蒸馏产物的制备步骤(2)中,滤渣、苯酚和质量分数为3%的氢氧化钠溶液的质量比为2︰1︰4。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温型蜂窝蓄热体的制备方法,其特征在于:所述减压蒸馏产物的制备步骤(3)中,减压蒸馏的压力为900~1000Pa,减压蒸馏的温度为80~90℃。
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