CN110056401A - 一种降低垃圾焚烧发电厂厂用电率的系统 - Google Patents

一种降低垃圾焚烧发电厂厂用电率的系统 Download PDF

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CN110056401A
CN110056401A CN201811651447.XA CN201811651447A CN110056401A CN 110056401 A CN110056401 A CN 110056401A CN 201811651447 A CN201811651447 A CN 201811651447A CN 110056401 A CN110056401 A CN 110056401A
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vapour
steam
back pressure
air
feed pump
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何秋德
洪勇
钱达蔚
邓昌梅
卫劲风
岳兴月
张政
马小兵
陈圆
李英
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Shanghai SUS Environment Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/08Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F01K11/02Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F01K17/02Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F01K17/06Returning energy of steam, in exchanged form, to process, e.g. use of exhaust steam for drying solid fuel or plant
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/38Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating the engines being of turbine type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D13/00Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D13/02Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D13/021Units comprising pumps and their driving means containing a coupling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D13/00Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D13/02Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D13/06Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/08Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation

Abstract

本发明公开一种降低垃圾焚烧发电厂厂用电率的系统,包括抽凝式汽轮机、一级抽汽母管、电动调节阀、背压式汽轮机、超越离合器、引风机、电动机、给水泵、除氧器、污泥干化机。抽凝式汽轮机的抽汽经电动调节阀调节流量后供空气预热器低压段用汽、驱动引风机用汽、驱动给水泵用汽。给水泵及引风机实现汽电联合驱动。驱动给水泵的蒸汽经背压式汽轮机做功后,排汽参数匹配除氧器所需蒸汽参数要求,供除氧器用汽;驱动引风机的蒸汽经背压式汽轮机进行做功后,排汽参数匹配污泥干化机(或供热系统)所需蒸汽参数要求,供污泥干化机(或供热系统)用汽。本发明系统安全可靠、经济实用、运行稳定,通过能量梯级利用,提高全厂热效率的同时降低厂用电率。

Description

一种降低垃圾焚烧发电厂厂用电率的系统
技术领域
本发明涉及垃圾焚烧发电技术领域,具体为一种降低垃圾焚烧发电厂厂用电率的系统。
背景技术
近年来,垃圾焚烧处理行业竞争日益激烈,吨垃圾处理贴费越来越低,企业盈利能力逐渐减弱。为获得良好的经济收益,垃圾焚烧处理企业施行“开源节流”,提高热效率、降低厂用电率,增加上网量已成为必然趋势。
垃圾焚烧发电由于其特殊性导致热效率较低,厂用电率较高。主要因素为:1)城市生活垃圾的高水分、低热值、烟气中含灰尘及各种复杂成分,导致燃烧室内热回收具有局限性;2)焚烧锅炉热功率相对较小,生产的主蒸汽参数偏低且热力系统中能量没有进行梯级利用造成巨大的浪费;3)为了确保烟气净化处理系统的进口烟气温度满足要求,锅炉排烟温度远远高于火电厂锅炉排烟温度;4)因垃圾焚烧产生的烟气中有害成分较多,需要有复杂的烟气净化处理系统,增加了辅机数量及引风机功率;5)为使主蒸汽达到设计压力,给水泵需具有较大的扬程,导致给水泵功率较大;
传统的垃圾发电厂采用两级主汽机抽汽分别供空气预热器低压段加热及除氧器用汽,抽汽系统复杂。由于抽汽方式采用不可调节式,抽汽参数波动较大,存在节流损失较大或参数不满足用汽需求等问题。主要大功率设备引风机及给水泵采用纯电力驱动导致厂用电率较大、减少了上网电量,且在不设置保安电源的情况下,当全厂突然断电时,给水泵将立刻停止运行,存在巨大的安全隐患。
发明内容
本发明目在于提供一种安全可靠、经济实用、运行稳定的降低垃圾焚烧发电厂厂用电率的系统,以增加垃圾焚烧发电企业经济效益。
本发明的技术方案是:一种降低垃圾焚烧发电厂厂用电率的系统,包括抽凝式汽轮机、一级抽汽母管、电动调节阀、背压式汽轮机、超越离合器、引风机、电动机、给水泵、除氧器、污泥干化机。所述的抽凝式汽轮机的一级抽汽进入一级抽汽母管后,由三路支管引出分别供空气预热器低压段用汽、驱动引风机用汽、驱动给水泵用汽,每路支管上均设置电动调节阀对用汽量进行调节。供驱动给水泵的用汽支路蒸汽先进入背压式汽轮机进行做功,通过超越离合器实现对给水泵的汽电联合驱动,排汽参数匹配除氧器所需蒸汽参数要求,供除氧器对锅炉给水热力除氧用汽;供驱动引风机的用汽支路蒸汽先进入背压式汽轮机进行做功,通过超越离合器实现对引风机的汽电联合驱动,排汽参数匹配污泥干化机(或供热系统)所需蒸汽参数要求,供污泥干化机(或供热系统)干化污泥用汽。
使用时,电动机始终保持运行状态。引风机(给水泵)首先由对应电动机单独驱动,背压式汽轮机经过一级抽汽暖管暖机后开始冲转,当转速高于电动机转速时,超越离合器自动啮合,使背压式汽轮机、电动机、引风机(给水泵)实现同轴转动。随着背压式汽轮机的进汽量继续增大,背压式汽轮机开始对引风机(给水泵)做功,电动机的工作电流会随着背压式汽轮机做功的增大而逐渐减小,达到降低厂用电的目的。当背压式汽轮机的进汽量逐步降低时,背压式汽轮机做功量逐渐减少,电动机电流随之增加。当进汽量减少到背压式汽轮机转速小于电动机转速时,超越离合器分离,引风机(给水泵)仅由电动机驱动。
本发明的有益效果是:系统安全可靠、经济实用、运行稳定,将原有抽凝式汽轮机两级不可调节抽汽改为一级可调节抽汽,减少了抽凝式汽轮机的抽汽级数,降低了抽汽系统的复杂性。将抽汽送入背压式汽轮机做功后排汽参数与后续用汽设备需求一致,保证设备用汽参数的稳定性,减少因抽汽与用汽参数不匹配导致的节流损失,实现能量梯级利用,提高全厂热效率。运行中给水泵及引风机的驱动电动机始终保持运行状态,将背压式汽轮机输出功通过超越离合器的连接直接驱动给水泵及引风机等大功率设备,实现自力式汽电联合驱动,降低厂用电率,增加上网电量。本系统不会影响锅炉的正常启停炉,且在全厂突然断电情况下还可以利用锅炉的余汽实现给水泵的正常给水,提高了锅炉的安全性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的系统示意图。
图中:1-抽凝式汽轮机,2-一级抽汽母管,3-电动调节阀,4-背压式汽轮机,5-超越离合器,6-引风机,7-电动机,8-给水泵,9-除氧器,10-污泥干化机(或供热系统)。
具体实施方式
如附图1所示的一种降低垃圾焚烧发电厂厂用电率的系统,包括抽凝式汽轮机1、一级抽汽母管2、电动调节阀3、背压式汽轮机4、超越离合器5、引风机6、电动机7、给水泵8、除氧器9、污泥干化机10。所述的抽凝式汽轮机1的一级抽汽进入一级抽汽母管2后,由三路支管引出分别供空气预热器低压段用汽、驱动引风机6用汽、驱动给水泵8用汽,每路支管上均设置电动调节阀3对用汽量进行调节。供驱动给水泵8的用汽支路蒸汽先进入背压式汽轮机4进行做功,通过超越离合器5实现对给水泵8的汽电联合驱动,排汽参数匹配除氧器9所需蒸汽参数要求,供除氧器9对锅炉给水热力除氧用汽;供驱动引风机6的用汽支路蒸汽先进入背压式汽轮机4进行做功,通过超越离合器5实现对引风机6的汽电联合驱动,排汽参数匹配污泥干化机10(或供热系统)所需蒸汽参数要求,供污泥干化机10(或供热系统)干化污泥用汽。
使用时,电动机7始终保持运行状态。引风机6(给水泵8)首先由对应电动机7单独驱动,背压式汽轮机4经过一级抽汽暖管暖机后开始冲转,当转速高于电动机7转速时,超越离合器5自动啮合,使背压式汽轮机4、电动机7、引风机6(给水泵8)实现同轴转动。随着背压式汽轮机4的进汽量继续增大,背压式汽轮机4开始对引风机6(给水泵8)做功,电动机7的工作电流会随着背压式汽轮机4做功的增大而逐渐减小,达到降低厂用电的目的。当背压式汽轮机4的进汽量逐步降低时,背压式汽轮机4做功量逐渐减少,电动机7电流随之增加。当进汽量减少到背压式汽轮机4转速小于电动机7转速时,超越离合器5分离,引风机6(给水泵8)仅由电动机7驱动。
本发明给水泵及引风机实现汽电联合驱动。驱动给水泵的蒸汽经背压式汽轮机做功后,排汽参数匹配除氧器所需蒸汽参数要求,供除氧器用汽;驱动引风机的蒸汽经背压式汽轮机进行做功后,排汽参数匹配污泥干化机(或供热系统)所需蒸汽参数要求,供污泥干化机(或供热系统)用汽。供空气预热器加热、污泥干化、除氧器除氧用的蒸汽均来自同一级抽汽,减少了抽汽级数。来自主汽轮机的一级抽汽经背压式汽轮机做功后实现对给水泵及引风机的汽电联合驱动。用背压式汽轮机做功替代减温减压器来降低一级抽汽参数,减少了节流损失,实现排汽与除氧器及污泥干化机用汽需求参数的匹配。

Claims (2)

1.一种降低垃圾焚烧发电厂厂用电率的系统,其特征在于,包括抽凝式汽轮机、一级抽汽母管、电动调节阀、背压式汽轮机、超越离合器、引风机、电动机、给水泵、除氧器、污泥干化机;所述的抽凝式汽轮机的一级抽汽进入一级抽汽母管后,由三路支管引出分别供空气预热器低压段用汽、驱动引风机用汽、驱动给水泵用汽,每路支管上均设置电动调节阀对用汽量进行调节;供驱动给水泵的用汽支路蒸汽先进入背压式汽轮机进行做功,通过超越离合器实现对给水泵的汽电联合驱动,排汽参数匹配除氧器所需蒸汽参数要求,供除氧器对锅炉给水热力除氧用汽;供驱动引风机的用汽支路蒸汽先进入背压式汽轮机进行做功,通过超越离合器实现对引风机的汽电联合驱动,排汽参数匹配污泥干化机或供热系统所需蒸汽参数要求,供污泥干化机或供热系统干化污泥用汽。
2.根据权利要求1所述的降低垃圾焚烧发电厂厂用电率的系统的使用方法,其特征在于,电动机始终保持运行状态;引风机或给水泵首先由对应电动机单独驱动,背压式汽轮机经过一级抽汽暖管暖机后开始冲转,当转速高于电动机转速时,超越离合器自动啮合,使背压式汽轮机、电动机、引风机或给水泵实现同轴转动;随着背压式汽轮机的进汽量继续增大,背压式汽轮机开始对引风机或给水泵做功,电动机的工作电流会随着背压式汽轮机做功的增大而逐渐减小,达到降低厂用电的目的;当背压式汽轮机的进汽量逐步降低时,背压式汽轮机做功量逐渐减少,电动机电流随之增加;当进汽量减少到背压式汽轮机转速小于电动机转速时,超越离合器分离,引风机或给水泵仅由电动机驱动。
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