CN110056043A - 一种基于双层织物的雾水收集装置 - Google Patents

一种基于双层织物的雾水收集装置 Download PDF

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CN110056043A
CN110056043A CN201910352609.8A CN201910352609A CN110056043A CN 110056043 A CN110056043 A CN 110056043A CN 201910352609 A CN201910352609 A CN 201910352609A CN 110056043 A CN110056043 A CN 110056043A
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yarn
layer fabric
collection device
fog collection
hydrophobic
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赖跃坤
余治华
黄剑莹
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Fuzhou University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于双层织物的雾水收集装置，所述方法步骤如下：（1）准备好纱线；（2）将部分纱线用聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）进行疏水改性处理（3）将未处理的亲水纱线和疏水改性后的纱线在小样织机上按照预先设计好的图案织成织物，此时，亲水纱线所构成的区域为亲水性，疏水纱线所构成的区域为疏水性，从而成功的模仿了纳米比亚沙漠甲虫具有特殊浸润性的表面，（4）用铁架台将织造好的双层织物以垂直于地面的方向夹持住，并在双层织物的正下方放置收集瓶，得到雾水收集装置。该装置在保证雾水收集效果的同时又不影响织物的机械性能，具有良好的应用前景。

Description

一种基于双层织物的雾水收集装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于双层织物的雾水收集装置。
背景技术
不仅在世界干旱和半干旱地区，而且在地下水位迅速枯竭的地区，获得安全饮用水是一项艰巨的挑战。然而，仅靠把水从水资源丰富的地区运到水资源短缺的地区以及海水淡化来解决这一问题是远远不够的。雾气中蕴含有大量的水资源，从潮湿的雾中收集水被认为是一种可持续的选择。有趣的是，生活在地球上一些最干旱地区的自然物种已经进化出了应对水资源短缺的显著策略。例如由纺锤结组成的蛛丝，覆盖着尖刺的沙漠仙人掌，纳米比亚沙漠甲虫的外壳。例如，甲虫的外骨骼上就有凹凸不平的地形。外骨骼的背部被随机排列的肿块覆盖，每个肿块直径约0.5 mm，间距0.5 mm。虽然肿块的峰是平滑的，而且在大多数情况下是亲水的，但由于表皮蜡的存在，凹槽区域是疏水的。含雾的湿气在凸起的地方冷凝成核并成长为水滴，最后由于疏水槽而向下滚动。
纱线具有产量大、价格便宜、透气舒适以及良好的机械性能等优势，采用纱线构造织物作为雾水收集装置能扩大纱线及其衍生物的应用领域，有望在雾水收集、自多功能纺织品等领域得到应用。目前，制备亲疏图案化表面主要通过以下两种途径：（1）在超亲水表面构建疏水区域（2）简单的亲水材料和疏水材料的复合。其中，第二种方法由于其操作简单而被广泛应用。然而，亲疏图案化表面的制备还未工业化，许多问题亟待解决。如何简单方便、环境友好的制备超疏水表面还有待探索。而纺织工业作为传统的民生产业，其工业体系已经完全成熟，将亲疏图案化与纺织工业相结合生产亲疏图案化纺织品无疑是纺织工业未来发展的方向之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于双层织物的雾水收集装置，采用疏水剂浸泡法和传统的机织法制备双层织物，并组装成雾水收集装置。该装置的制备方法具有简便易操作、反应条件温和、图案可控的特点，所用原材料成本低、性能优良。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的。
采用疏水剂浸涂法和机织法制备双层织物，并组装成雾水收集装置，具体包括如下步骤：
（1）疏水纱线的准备
将纱线泡入疏水剂中，2 ~24 h后将纱线取出，清洗并烘干，得到疏水纱线；
（2）双层织物的织造
按照想要的亲疏水图案效果设计好组织图，然后把亲水纱线和疏水纱线在小样织机上进行织造，得到亲疏图案化双层织物，亲水纱线所在的区域为亲水区域，疏水纱线所在区域为疏水区域；其中亲水纱线为未经过疏水处理的纱线；
（3）雾水收集装置的组装
用铁架台将织造好的双层织物以垂直于地面的方向夹持住，并在双层织物的正下方放置收集瓶。
所述疏水剂的制备方法为：在室温下，将PDMS充分溶解于正己烷中，然后再加入氧化锌纳米颗粒，混合均匀得到疏水剂，其中，PDMS、正己烷和氧化锌纳米颗粒的用量比为1ml：30 ml：0.1g。
进一步的，疏水剂还包括八甲基环四硅氧烷、1,3-双(3-氨基丙基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷中的一种。
所使用的纱线包括棉、麻、涤纶、丙纶、锦纶、氨纶、腈纶、玻璃纱线，碳纱线中的一种。
步骤（1）中，所述纱线依次经过去离子水、乙醇、丙酮超声清洗并烘干备用。
根据温度，疏水剂，纱线的不同，浸泡所需的时间在2 h~24 h之间，浸泡温度为10~40 ℃。
根据温度，疏水剂，纱线的不同，烘干纱线所需的时间在1 h~24 h之间。
织造织物所采用的组织图为任一能构成亲疏水图案结构的组织图。
本发明的显著优点在于：
本发明雾水收集装置的制备方法具有简便易操作、反应条件温和、图案可控的特点，所用原材料成本低、性能优良。该装置在保证雾水收集效果的同时又不影响织物的机械性能，具有良好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为基于双层织物的雾水收集装置的示意图；
图2为织物的光学照片，浅色的为亲水区域，深色的为疏水区域；
图3疏水改性后的涤纶纱线表面SEM图；
图4为亲疏图案化织物的EDS图；
图5为基于双层织物的雾水收集装置的收集效率图；
图6为实施例1制备的亲疏图案化织物疏水区域静态接触角；
图7为实施例2制备的亲疏图案化织物疏水区域静态接触角；
图8为实施例3制备的亲疏图案化织物疏水区域静态接触角。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和实施例进一步说明本发明的技术方案。但是本发明不限于所列出的实施例，还应包括在本发明所要求的权利范围内其他任何公知的改变。
首先，此处所称的“一个实施例”或“实施例”是指可包含于本发明至少一个实现方式中的特定特征、结构或特性。在本说明书中不同地方出现的“在一个实施例中”并非均指同一个实施例，也不是单独的或选择性的与其他实施例互相排斥的实施例。
其次，本发明利用结构示意图等进行详细描述，在详述本发明实施例时，为便于说明，示意图会不依一般比例作局部放大，而且所述示意图只是实例，其在此不应限制本发明保护的范围。此外，在实际制作中应包含长度、宽度及深度的三维空间。
另外，本发明中所讲的字母简称，均为本领域固定简称，其中部分字母文解释如下：PDMS ：聚二甲基硅氧烷；SEM图：电子扫描显像图；EDS图：能谱图；WHR：单位时间内的雾水收集效率。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明，但并不局限于此，凡是对本发明技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的范畴，均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围中。
实施例1：本实施方式按照如下步骤制备基于双层织物的雾水收集装置：
第一步、疏水纱线的准备
将纱线（棉）泡入PDMS溶液中，浸泡温度为20 ℃，2 h后将纱线取出，依次经过去离子水、乙醇、丙酮超声清洗并烘干，得到疏水纱线。所述PDMS溶液的制备为：在室温下，将1mlPDMS充分溶解于30ml正己烷中，然后再加入0.1g氧化锌纳米颗粒，混合均匀得到。
如图3所示，疏水纱线的微观结构；
第二步、双层织物的织造
按照想要的亲疏水图案效果设计好组织图，然后把亲水纱线和疏水纱线在小样织机上进行织造，得到的双层织物即为亲疏图案化织物，亲水纱线所在的区域为亲水区域，疏水纱线所在区域为疏水区域；其中亲水纱线为未经过疏水处理的纱线。
如图2所示，双层织物的光学照片；
如图4所示，在疏水纱线上作EDS能谱，探测到Si元素信号，说明纱线已经被成功疏水改性。
第三步、雾水收集装置的组装
用铁架台将织造好的双层织物以垂直于地面的方向夹持住，并在双层织物的正下方放置收集瓶。
如图5所示，将雾流喷向该雾水收集装置，将其单位时间内的雾水收集效率统计成表格。
如图6所示，本实施方式制备的疏水区域与水的接触角大于150°，说明所制备的材料表面已经达到超疏水。
实施例2：本实施方式按照如下步骤制备基于双层织物的雾水收集装置：
第一步、疏水纱线的准备
将纱线（麻）泡入1,3-双(3-氨基丙基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷溶液中，浸泡温度为10℃，2 h后将纱线取出，依次经过去离子水、乙醇、丙酮超声清洗并烘干，得到疏水纱线。
第二步、双层织物的织造
按照想要的亲疏水图案效果设计好组织图，然后把亲水纱线和疏水纱线在小样织机上进行织造，得到的双层织物即为亲疏图案化织物，亲水纱线所在的区域为亲水区域，疏水纱线所在区域为疏水区域；其中亲水纱线为未经过疏水处理的纱线。
第三步、雾水收集装置的组装
用铁架台将织造好的双层织物以垂直于地面的方向夹持住，并在双层织物的正下方放置收集瓶。
如图7所示，本实施方式制备的疏水区域与水的接触角大于150°，说明所制备的材料表面已经达到超疏水。
实施例3：本实施方式按照如下步骤制备亲疏图案化织物：
第一步、疏水纱线的准备
将玻璃纱线泡入八甲基环四硅氧烷溶液中，浸泡温度为40 ℃，2 h后将纱线取出，依次经过去离子水、乙醇、丙酮超声清洗并烘干，得到疏水纱线。
第二步、双层织物的织造
按照想要的亲疏水图案效果设计好组织图，然后把亲水纱线和疏水纱线在小样织机上进行织造，得到的双层织物即为亲疏图案化织物，亲水纱线所在的区域为亲水区域，疏水纱线所在区域为疏水区域；其中亲水纱线为未经过疏水处理的纱线。
第三步、雾水收集装置的组装
用铁架台将织造好的双层织物以垂直于地面的方向夹持住，并在双层织物的正下方放置收集瓶。
如图8所示，本实施方式制备的疏水区域与水的接触角大于150°，说明所制备的材料表面已经达到超疏水。
在以上三个实施例中，通过一种简单通用的疏水浸涂法以及传统纺织法制成了一块亲疏图案化织物，织物疏水区域与水的接触角都达到150°以上，保持了较好的疏水性。亲疏图案化织物的制备,工艺简单，成本低廉，所得产品具有很好的浸润性能，将其应用于雾水收集装置是制备，具有良好的应用前景。
应说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (8)

1.一种基于双层织物的雾水收集装置，其特征在于，所述雾水收集装置的制备方法包括如下步骤：
（1）疏水纱线的准备
将纱线泡入疏水剂中，2 -24h后将纱线取出，清洗并烘干，得到疏水纱线；
（2）双层织物的织造
按照想要的亲疏水图案效果设计好组织图，然后把亲水纱线和疏水纱线在小样织机上进行织造，得到亲疏图案化双层织物，亲水纱线所在的区域为亲水区域，疏水纱线所在区域为疏水区域；其中亲水纱线为未经过疏水处理的纱线；
（3）雾水收集装置的组装
用铁架台将织造好的双层织物以垂直于地面的方向夹持住，并在双层织物的正下方放置收集瓶。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于双层织物的雾水收集装置，其特征在于：所述疏水剂的制备方法为：在室温下，将PDMS充分溶解于正己烷中，然后再加入氧化锌纳米颗粒，混合均匀得到疏水剂，其中，PDMS、正己烷和氧化锌纳米颗粒的用量比为1 ml：30 ml：0.1g。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于双层织物的雾水收集装置，其特征在于：疏水剂包括八甲基环四硅氧烷、1,3-双(3-氨基丙基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的基于双层织物的雾水收集装置，其特征在于：所使用的纱线包括棉、麻、涤纶、丙纶、锦纶、氨纶、腈纶、玻璃纱线，碳纱线中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的基于双层织物的雾水收集装置，其特征在于：所述纱线依次经过去离子水、乙醇、丙酮超声清洗并烘干备用。
6. 根据权利要求1所述的基于双层织物的雾水收集装置，其特征在于：步骤（1）中，纱线泡入疏水剂中的浸泡温度为10~40 ℃，浸泡时间为2 h~24 h。
7. 根据权利要求1所述的基于双层织物的雾水收集装置，其特征在于：步骤（1）中，烘干时间为1 h~24 h。
8.根据权利要求1所述的基于双层织物的雾水收集装置，其特征在于：织造织物所采用的组织图为任一能构成亲疏水图案结构的组织图。
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Application publication date: 20190726