CN110045412B - Method for detecting unfavorable geologic body in front of tunnel face based on TBM (Tunnel boring machine) rock fragmentation microseismic information - Google Patents
Method for detecting unfavorable geologic body in front of tunnel face based on TBM (Tunnel boring machine) rock fragmentation microseismic information Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/003—Arrangement of measuring or indicating devices for use during driving of tunnels, e.g. for guiding machines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/11—Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering, and particularly relates to a method for detecting a poor geologic body in front of a tunnel face based on TBM (Tunnel boring machine) detritus microseismic information. The method comprises the following steps: before the TBM broken rock tunneling, sensors are arranged on the side wall of the tunnel which is excavated; acquiring the geodetic coordinates of the sensor and the geodetic coordinates of each hob on the TBM cutter head; enabling the hob on each subarea to sequentially knock the palm surface; the TBM is tunneled forwards, so that each hob on a TBM cutterhead sequentially collides with a tunnel face, and an active signal source is excited to acquire data; sequentially acquiring coordinates of reflection points of elastic waves generated by collision of hobs on other subareas on a TBM cutterhead and a tunnel face; and repeating the steps at fixed intervals along with the forward tunneling of the TBM so as to obtain the coordinates of more reflection points, and connecting the obtained coordinates of the reflection points to determine the condition of the structural surface in front of the tunnel face. The invention relates to a method for accurately acquiring the state of a poor geologic body in front of a palm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering, and particularly relates to a method for detecting a poor geologic body in front of a tunnel face based on TBM (Tunnel boring machine) detritus microseismic information.
Background
At present, deep rock engineering is increasing, and the degree of depth is increasing. With the increase of the depth, the geological environment of the rock body is more complex, the ground stress is higher, and the major engineering disasters such as rock burst, gas explosion, water inrush, high-temperature heat damage and the like induced by excavation are more prominent and serious, so that huge life and property losses are caused.
A Full Face Rock Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) is a large-scale complex underground construction device integrating Machine, electricity, light and liquid. The method has the advantages of rapidness, high quality, safety, environmental protection, economy and the like in the tunneling process, can improve the construction speed, shorten the construction period, respect life and effectively protect the environment in the construction process, thereby having very high social and economic benefits in the tunneling project and being increasingly applied to deep rock projects.
In deep rock engineering, the TBM needs to determine the state of the poor geologic body in front of the tunnel face, in the prior art, rock burst, impact mine pressure and the like are mostly adopted for prediction and prediction, but the prediction mode needs to position a seismic source, and the acquisition of the state of the poor geologic body in front of the tunnel face is not accurate enough because the accuracy of seismic source positioning in the prior art is unstable.
Therefore, improvements in the prior art are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for detecting a poor geologic body in front of a tunnel face based on TBM (tunnel boring machine) detritus microseismic information, so as to improve the accuracy of acquiring the state of the poor geologic body in front of the tunnel face.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:
a method for detecting unfavorable geologic bodies in front of a tunnel face based on TBM (Tunnel boring machine) detritus microseismic information comprises the following steps:
s1: before the TBM broken rock tunneling, sensors are arranged on the side wall of an excavated tunnel, the sensors are sequentially provided with a plurality of layers of sensors along the length direction of the tunnel, and each layer of sensor comprises a plurality of sensors;
s2: acquiring the geodetic coordinates of a sensor and the geodetic coordinates of each hob on a TBM cutter head, wherein the TBM cutter head is divided into a plurality of subareas at equal angles, and each subarea is provided with a hob;
s3: enabling the hob on each subarea to sequentially knock the palm surface;
s4: the method comprises the following steps that a TBM (tunnel boring machine) tunnels forwards, each hob on a TBM cutter disc sequentially collides with a tunnel face, so that an active signal source is excited, the active signal source forwards propagates in a rock mass and reaches a soft structural face, reflection of elastic waves is caused due to the fact that a normal rock mass and the structural face are respectively a dense medium and a sparse medium, and the reflection of the elastic waves is received by a sensor buried in a tunnel side wall in real time, in the process, position coordinates of the active signal source is obtained, time of each hob on each subarea striking the tunnel face and time of the sensor receiving the elastic waves are recorded, so that a corresponding initial excitation time matrix and a corresponding receiving time matrix are obtained, and further a arrival time difference matrix of single striking is obtained;
s5: obtaining the coordinates of the reflection points of the elastic waves generated by the impact of the hob and the tunnel face in the first partition on the TBM cutterhead:
s51: constructing a function by using a least square method:
in the function, riIs the difference between the arrival time difference and the wave propagation time of the ith sensor, tiFor the arrival of the elastic wave received by the ith sensor, t0The time value of the active signal source excited by the hob, (x, y, z) is the coordinate of the reflection point of the elastic wave, (x)0,y0,z0) To excite the position coordinates of the active signal source, (x)1，y1，z1) The position coordinate of the ith sensor is shown, and V is the actually measured wave velocity of the tunnel drilling;
s52: taking the sum of the squares of the residuals of the theory and the observed time as an objective function:
taking:
AX＝r,X＝{x0,y0,z0}T,X＝{x0,y0,z0}T
ATAX＝ATr,X＝(ATA)-1ATr
the iterative calculation is performed according to the above formula, each time X is updated by ω (X + X), and the final result of the iteration is to make the objective function
Reaching a minimum value, thereby determining coordinates (x, y, z) of the reflection point, wherein ω is such that F satisfies newton's downhill law condition;
s53: when positioning starts, firstly, using the coordinate and arrival time of a sensor triggered firstly as initial values, using a Newton downhill method to perform positioning to obtain a primary positioning result, then using the result as the initial value, using the Newton downhill method to perform secondary positioning, and further obtaining a final positioning result of the reflection point of the elastic wave;
s6: according to the step S5, coordinates of reflection points of elastic waves generated by collision of the hob cutters on the rest subareas on the TBM cutterhead and the tunnel face are sequentially obtained;
s7: and repeating S3-S6 at fixed intervals along with the forward tunneling of the TBM to acquire coordinates of more reflection points, and connecting the obtained coordinates of the reflection points to determine the condition of the structural plane in front of the tunnel face.
Further, the sensor is followed the length direction in tunnel has set gradually multilayer sensor, and every layer of sensor includes a plurality of sensors, specifically includes:
the sensor is followed the length direction interval 30m in tunnel has set gradually 3 layers of sensor, and every layer of sensor includes 3 sensors, one among 3 sensors the sensor is located the top of tunnel lateral wall, two in 3 sensors the sensor with the perpendicular plane symmetry in tunnel sets up on the tunnel lateral wall.
Preferably, the central angle between the other two of said 3 sensors is 120 °.
Further, the method for acquiring the position coordinates of the excitation active signal source comprises the following steps:
obtaining the geodetic coordinates of the hob and the position coordinates of the hob when the hob contacts the tunnel face on each subarea, and specifically comprising the following steps:
obtaining geodetic coordinates (x) of the hob on each sectorD1,yD1,zD1)；
Controlling the cutter disc to rotate and/or the hob to stretch until the hob contacts the tunnel face, and acquiring the stretching distance of the hob;
if the cutter head is positioned at the reference angle and does not rotate, and only the hob stretches back and forth, determining the position coordinate of the hob when the hob contacts the tunnel face as (x)D1+Δl,yD1,zD1) Wherein, Δ x is the telescopic distance of the hob;
if the cutter head rotates and the hob does not stretch back and forth, determining the position coordinate of the hob when the hob contacts the tunnel face as (x)D1+Δl,yD1,zD1)；
If the cutter head rotates and the hob stretches back and forth, determining the position coordinate of the hob when the hob contacts the tunnel face as (x)D1+Δl,yD1cosθ,zD1sin theta), wherein theta is the rotation angle of the cutter head.
Further, an angle sensor is arranged on the main drive shaft of the cutter head to determine the rotation angle of the cutter head.
Furthermore, the cutter head is provided with telescopic mechanisms which correspond to the hobs one by one, the telescopic ends of the telescopic mechanisms can be stretched in a direction parallel to the axial direction of the cutter head, and the hobs are fixedly arranged on the telescopic ends of the telescopic mechanisms;
the peripheral surface of the telescopic mechanism is provided with two displacement side rods which are oppositely arranged, namely a first displacement side rod and a second displacement side rod, the first displacement side rod is fixedly arranged at the fixed end of the telescopic mechanism, the second displacement side rod is fixedly arranged at the telescopic end of the telescopic mechanism, one end of a displacement sensor for measuring the telescopic distance of the hob is arranged on the first displacement side rod in a sliding manner, the other end of the displacement sensor is fixedly arranged on the second displacement side rod, and the change of the distance between the first displacement side rod and the second displacement side rod can be realized by the displacement sensor
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method for detecting the poor geologic body in front of the tunnel face based on the TBM crushed rock microseismic information, the tunnel face is sequentially knocked by controlling the hobbing cutters on the TBM cutter head in the process of TBM crushed rock tunneling, the hobbing cutters knock the tunnel face to generate elastic waves, the coordinates of the reflection points of the elastic waves are realized by a method for obtaining the positions of the reflection points of the elastic waves through calculation, and the obtained coordinates of the reflection points are connected to determine the condition of the structural surface in front of the tunnel face.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for detecting a poor geologic body in front of a tunnel face based on TBM crushed rock microseismic information according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a sensor arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the cutter head in the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic layout of a displacement sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for detecting a poor geologic body in front of a tunnel face based on TBM crushed rock microseismic information, which, in conjunction with fig. 1, includes:
s1: before the TBM rock breaking tunneling, sensors are arranged on the side wall of the excavated tunnel, multiple layers of sensors are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the tunnel, and each layer of sensor comprises a plurality of sensors.
In particular, the sensor of the embodiment of the invention can collect the sound wave signal in real time and can convert the sound wave signal into a sensor of other energy signals (generally, electric signals) for data acquisition.
Fig. 2 is a schematic layout diagram of sensors according to an embodiment of the present invention, and with reference to fig. 2, the sensors 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention may be sequentially provided with 3 layers of sensors at intervals of 30m along the length direction of the tunnel 2, each layer of sensors includes 3 sensors 1, one sensor 1 of the 3 sensors 1 is located on the top (i.e., the vault) of the side wall of the tunnel 2, and the other two sensors 1 of the 3 sensors 1 are symmetrically provided on the side wall of the tunnel with respect to the midperpendicular of the tunnel 2, i.e., the embodiment of the present invention is provided with 9 sensors, forming an arc-shaped grid arrangement.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the central angle between the other two sensors 1 in the 3 sensors 1 is 120 °, and of course, the number of layers, and the angle of the sensors may be specifically set according to needs, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
In addition, in the embodiment of the invention, the sensors are arranged in a recoverable way, and the sensors positioned at the rear side of the tunnel can be transferred to the front for alternative use along with the tunneling of the TBM, so that the equipment cost is saved.
S2: and acquiring the geodetic coordinates of the sensor and the geodetic coordinates of each hob on the TBM cutter head, dividing the TBM cutter head into a plurality of subareas at equal angles, and arranging the hob on each subarea.
The embodiment of the invention defines that the x direction is the tunnel axis direction, the z direction is the tunnel burial depth direction, and the y direction is vertical to a plane formed by the x direction and the z direction.
In the embodiment of the invention, the sensor and the TBM cutterhead before tunneling are static, so that the sensor can be directly measured, and the geodetic coordinates of the sensor are required to be measured after the sensor is installed for the first time and each side is installed alternately, so as to clarify the position coordinates of the sensor.
Fig. 3 is a schematic layout of a cutter head according to an embodiment of the present invention, and in combination with fig. 3, in an embodiment of the present invention, 8 sectors are equally angularly disposed on the cutter head 3, and may be numbered sequentially, a central angle of each sector is 45 °, and two rolling cutters 4 may be disposed on each sector.
S3: and enabling the hob on each subarea to sequentially knock the palm surface.
When the cutterhead is pushed forwards at the initial position, however, due to the fact that the face is uneven, all evenly divided areas cannot be guaranteed to be in contact with the face, and therefore the cutterhead needs to be rotated and the extension of the hob needs to be controlled according to the specific face condition, and the hob of each subarea can be guaranteed to be in the best construction distance with the face.
Based on this, in the embodiment of the invention, the angle sensor is arranged on the main driving rod shaft of the cutter head to determine the rotation angle of the cutter head, the cutter head is provided with the telescopic mechanisms which correspond to the roller cutters one by one, the telescopic ends of the telescopic mechanisms can be stretched and contracted along the direction parallel to the axial direction of the cutter head, the roller cutters are fixedly arranged on the telescopic ends of the telescopic mechanisms, and the roller cutters can be ensured to contact the tunnel face by controlling the telescopic ends of the telescopic mechanisms to stretch and contract.
In order to determine the telescopic length of the hob, the displacement sensor is provided in the embodiment of the present invention, fig. 4 is a schematic layout diagram of the displacement sensor according to the embodiment of the present invention, and with reference to fig. 4, two displacement side rods are provided on the circumferential surface of the telescopic mechanism, which are oppositely disposed, and are respectively a first displacement side rod 5 and a second displacement side rod 6, the first displacement side rod 5 is fixedly provided on the fixed end of the telescopic mechanism, the second displacement side rod 6 is fixedly provided on the telescopic end of the telescopic mechanism, one end of a displacement sensor 7 for measuring the telescopic distance of the hob is slidably provided on the first displacement side rod 5, the other end of the displacement sensor 7 is fixedly provided on the second displacement side rod 6, and the change of the distance between the first displacement side rod 6 and the second displacement side rod 7 can be measured by the displacement sensor 5, and is the distance is the telescopic distance of the hob 4.
Further, in the present embodiment, the first displacement side lever 5 may be provided with a guide hole having a central axis arranged parallel to the central axis of the cutter head, and one end of the displacement sensor 7 is slidably disposed in the guide hole to limit the moving direction of the displacement sensor 7, so that the telescopic distance of the hob 4 can be more accurately obtained.
S4: the method comprises the following steps that a TBM (tunnel boring machine) tunnels forwards, each hob on a TBM cutter disc sequentially collides with a tunnel face, so that an active signal source is excited, the active signal source forwards propagates in a rock mass and reaches a soft structural face, reflection of elastic waves is caused due to the fact that a normal rock mass and the structural face are respectively a dense medium and a sparse medium, and the reflection of the elastic waves is received by a sensor buried in a tunnel side wall in real time, in the process, position coordinates of the active signal source is obtained, time of each hob on each subarea striking the tunnel face and time of the sensor receiving the elastic waves are recorded, so that a corresponding initial excitation time matrix and a corresponding receiving time matrix are obtained, and further a arrival time difference matrix of single striking is obtained;
in the embodiment of the invention, the position coordinate of the active signal source, namely the contact part of the hob and the front tunnel face, is excited, and the position coordinate of the contact part is obtained by the following method:
obtaining geodetic coordinates (x) of the hob on each sectorD1,yD1,zD1) As mentioned above, the geodetic coordinates of the hob can be measured;
controlling the cutter disc to rotate and/or the hob to stretch until the hob contacts the tunnel face, and acquiring the stretching distance of the hob;
if the cutter head is positioned at the reference angle and does not rotate, and only the hob stretches back and forth, determining the position coordinate of the hob when the hob contacts the tunnel face as (x)D1+Δl,yD1,zD1) Wherein, delta l is the telescopic distance of the hob;
if the cutter head rotates and the hob does not stretch back and forth, determining the position seat when the hob contacts the tunnel faceIs marked as (x)D1+Δl,yD1,zD1)；
If the cutter head rotates and the hob stretches back and forth, determining the position coordinate of the hob when the hob contacts the tunnel face as (x)D1+Δl,yD1cosθ,zD1sin theta), wherein theta is the rotation angle of the cutter head.
S5: obtaining the coordinates of the reflection points of the elastic waves generated by the impact of the hob and the tunnel face in the first partition on the TBM cutterhead:
s51: constructing a function by using a least square method:
in the function, riIs the difference between the arrival time difference and the wave propagation time of the ith sensor, tiFor the arrival of the elastic wave received by the ith sensor, t0The time value of the active signal source excited by the hob, (x, y, z) is the coordinate of the reflection point of the elastic wave, (x)0,y0,z0) To excite the position coordinates of the active signal source, (x)i,yi,zi) The position coordinate of the ith sensor is shown, and V is the actually measured wave velocity of the tunnel drilling;
s52: taking the sum of the squares of the residuals of the theory and the observed time as an objective function:
taking:
AX＝r,X＝{x0,y0,z0}T,X＝{x0,y0,z0}T
ATAX＝ATr,X＝(ATA)-1ATr
the iterative calculation is performed according to the above formula, each time X is updated by ω (X + X), and the final result of the iteration is to make the objective function
Reaching a minimum value, thereby determining coordinates (x, y, z) of the reflection point, wherein ω is such that F satisfies newton's downhill law condition;
s53: when positioning starts, firstly, using the coordinate and arrival time of a sensor triggered firstly as initial values, using a Newton downhill method to perform positioning to obtain a primary positioning result, then using the result as the initial value, using the Newton downhill method to perform secondary positioning, and further obtaining a final positioning result of the reflection point of the elastic wave;
s6: according to the step S5, coordinates of reflection points of elastic waves generated by collision of the hob cutters on the rest subareas on the TBM cutterhead and the tunnel face are sequentially obtained;
s7: and repeating S3-S6 at fixed intervals along with the forward tunneling of the TBM to acquire coordinates of more reflection points, and connecting the obtained coordinates of the reflection points to determine the condition of the structural plane in front of the tunnel face.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, 8 groups (one group of two times) of reflection point positioning may be performed, the above operations may be repeated every 10 meters as the TBM advances forward, more reflection points may be obtained, and the obtained reflection point coordinates are connected according to the actual engineering situation, so that the attitude of the structural plane in front of the tunnel face may be determined. In addition, as the TBM continues to tunnel forward, the obtained information of the reflection points is more and more, the process also continuously encrypts and corrects the detection points obtained last time, and the form and distribution of the bad geologic body are clearer and clearer.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention is also provided with a microseismic monitoring system, the sensor, the angle sensor and the displacement sensor are connected with a data acquisition instrument, a signal receiver and a digital converter are arranged in the data acquisition instrument, and the data acquisition instrument is connected with the microseismic information analysis system. The microseismic information analysis system can be arranged in a TBM control room. The data may be transmitted over fiber optic cables or fibers for data acquisition and processing.
The following embodiments are provided for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention in any way, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the technical features of the present invention can be modified or changed in some ways without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for detecting unfavorable geologic bodies in front of a tunnel face based on TBM (Tunnel boring machine) detritus microseismic information is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: before the TBM broken rock tunneling, sensors are arranged on the side wall of an excavated tunnel, the sensors are sequentially provided with a plurality of layers of sensors along the length direction of the tunnel, and each layer of sensor comprises a plurality of sensors;
s2: acquiring the geodetic coordinates of a sensor and the geodetic coordinates of each hob on a TBM cutter head, wherein the TBM cutter head is divided into a plurality of subareas at equal angles, and each subarea is provided with a hob;
s3: enabling the hob on each subarea to sequentially knock the palm surface;
s4: the method comprises the following steps that a TBM (tunnel boring machine) tunnels forwards, each hob on a TBM cutter disc sequentially collides with a tunnel face, so that an active signal source is excited, the active signal source forwards propagates in a rock mass and reaches a soft structural face, reflection of elastic waves is caused due to the fact that a normal rock mass and the structural face are respectively a dense medium and a sparse medium, and the reflection of the elastic waves is received by a sensor buried in a tunnel side wall in real time, in the process, position coordinates of the active signal source is obtained, time of each hob on each subarea striking the tunnel face and time of the sensor receiving the elastic waves are recorded, so that a corresponding initial excitation time matrix and a corresponding receiving time matrix are obtained, and further a arrival time difference matrix of single striking is obtained;
s5: obtaining the coordinates of the reflection points of the elastic waves generated by the impact of the hob and the tunnel face in the first partition on the TBM cutterhead:
s51: constructing a function by using a least square method:
in the function, riIs the difference between the arrival time difference and the wave propagation time of the ith sensor, tiFor the arrival of the elastic wave received by the ith sensor, t0The time value of the active signal source excited by the hob, (x, y, z) is the coordinate of the reflection point of the elastic wave, (x)0,y0,z0) To excite the position coordinates of the active signal source, (x)1，y1，z1) The position coordinate of the ith sensor is shown, and V is the actually measured wave velocity of the tunnel drilling;
s52: taking the sum of the squares of the residuals of the theory and the observed time as an objective function:
taking:
AX＝r，X＝{x0，y0，z0}T，X＝{x0，y0，z0}T
ATAX＝ATr，X＝(ATA)-1ATr
the iterative calculation is performed according to the above formula, each time X is updated by ω (X + X), and the final result of the iteration is to make the objective function
Reaching a minimum value, thereby determining coordinates (x, y, z) of the reflection point, wherein ω is such that F satisfies newton's downhill law condition;
s53: when positioning starts, firstly, using the coordinate and arrival time of a sensor triggered firstly as initial values, using a Newton downhill method to perform positioning to obtain a primary positioning result, then using the result as the initial value, using the Newton downhill method to perform secondary positioning, and further obtaining a final positioning result of the reflection point of the elastic wave;
s6: according to the step S5, coordinates of reflection points of elastic waves generated by collision of the hob cutters on the rest subareas on the TBM cutterhead and the tunnel face are sequentially obtained;
s7: and repeating S3-S6 at fixed intervals along with the forward tunneling of the TBM to acquire coordinates of more reflection points, and connecting the obtained coordinates of the reflection points to determine the condition of the structural plane in front of the tunnel face.
2. The method for detecting the poor geologic body in front of the tunnel face based on the TBM detritus microseismic information as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sensors are sequentially provided with a plurality of layers of sensors along the length direction of the tunnel, each layer of sensors comprises a plurality of sensors, and specifically comprises:
the sensor is followed the length direction interval 30m in tunnel has set gradually 3 layers of sensor, and every layer of sensor includes 3 sensors, one among 3 sensors the sensor is located the top of tunnel lateral wall, two in 3 sensors the sensor with the perpendicular plane symmetry in tunnel sets up on the tunnel lateral wall.
3. The method for detecting the unfavorable geologic body in front of the tunnel face based on the TBM detritus microseismic information of claim 2, wherein the central angle between the other two sensors of the 3 sensors is 120 °.
4. The method for detecting the unfavorable geologic body in front of the tunnel face based on the TBM detritus microseismic information of claim 1, wherein the method for acquiring the position coordinates of the excitation active signal source comprises the following steps:
obtaining the geodetic coordinates of the hob and the position coordinates of the hob when the hob contacts the tunnel face on each subarea, and specifically comprising the following steps:
obtaining geodetic coordinates (x) of the hob on each sectorD1,yD1,zD1)；
Controlling the cutter disc to rotate and/or the hob to stretch until the hob contacts the tunnel face, and acquiring the stretching distance of the hob;
knife with handleThe disk is positioned at a reference angle, the cutter head does not rotate, and only the hob stretches back and forth, so that the position coordinate when the hob contacts the tunnel face is determined to be (x)D1+Δl,yD1,zD1) Wherein, delta l is the telescopic distance of the hob;
if the cutter head rotates and the hob does not stretch back and forth, determining the position coordinate of the hob when the hob contacts the tunnel face as (x)D1+Δl,yD1,zD1)；
If the cutter head rotates and the hob stretches back and forth, determining the position coordinate of the hob when the hob contacts the tunnel face as (x)D1+Δl,yD1cosθ,zD1sin theta), wherein theta is the rotation angle of the cutter head.
5. The method for detecting the unfavorable geologic body in front of the tunnel face based on the TBM detritus microseismic information of the claim 4, wherein an angle sensor is arranged on a main driving rod shaft of the cutterhead to determine the rotation angle of the cutterhead.
6. The method for detecting the unfavorable geologic body in front of the tunnel face based on the TBM detritus microseismic information of claim 4, wherein the cutterhead is provided with telescopic mechanisms which correspond to the hobs one by one, the telescopic ends of the telescopic mechanisms can be stretched in the direction parallel to the axial direction of the cutterhead, and the hobs are fixedly arranged on the telescopic ends of the telescopic mechanisms;
the peripheral face of the telescopic mechanism is provided with two displacement side rods which are oppositely arranged, namely a first displacement side rod and a second displacement side rod, the first displacement side rod is fixedly arranged at the fixed end of the telescopic mechanism, the second displacement side rod is fixedly arranged at the telescopic end of the telescopic mechanism and used for measuring the telescopic distance of the hob, one end of a displacement sensor is arranged on the first displacement side rod in a sliding mode, the other end of the displacement sensor is fixedly arranged on the second displacement side rod, and the distance between the first displacement side rod and the second displacement side rod can be changed through the displacement sensor to be measured.
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