CN110045353B

CN110045353B - Construction method of optical system

Info

Publication number: CN110045353B
Application number: CN201910264312.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 林志锋
Original assignee: Beijing Kehang Rida Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Kehang Rida Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-04-03
Filing date: 2019-04-03
Publication date: 2021-04-16
Anticipated expiration: 2039-04-03
Also published as: CN110045353A

Abstract

The invention relates to a construction method of an optical system, which is constructed by translating N optical components respectively forming N edges of an N pyramid, wherein the N edges of the N pyramid are respectively translated to the diagonal line of each rectangular side face of an N prism with equal height to the N pyramid, so that the spatial angle relation between the edges is ensured to be unchanged. According to the construction method of the optical system, on the premise that the original spatial angle relation of the light beam is reserved, the prism with the length conforming to the design size can be machined, the optical assembly is convenient to fix and install, and the space volume occupied by the whole optical system can be effectively reduced.

Description

Construction method of optical system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of laser remote sensing detection application, in particular to an optical system construction method which is convenient to install and effectively reduces the volume and an optical system installed by the method.

Background

The laser remote sensing detection technology can be applied to many fields of national economy, and laser is often required to be detected towards different directions when the laser remote sensing detection technology is applied. Referring to fig. 1, for example, for a 4-beam doppler wind lidar, the laser needs to acquire wind speed information in 4 spatial orientations. Referring to fig. 2, the spatial geometry of the laser beams is usually implemented by using a pyramid geometry, and the central axes of the 4 laser beams are respectively aligned with SA, SB, SC, SD, so as to ensure the mutual angles of the 4 laser beams and the pointing direction of the detection positions through the geometric relationships between SA, SB, SC, SD. The laser light needs to be emitted through an optical system, which is usually cylindrical in the prior art to ensure concentricity. In order to mount the multibeam cylindrical optical systems without interference with each other, it is necessary to further enlarge the size of the pyramid and align the central axes of the 4 cylindrical optical systems with AA ', BB', CC ', DD', respectively. Thus, the final 4-beam optical system, when installed, occupies the space of the trapezoidal prism of A 'B' C 'D' -ABCD.

The cylindrical optical system is installed by utilizing the geometrical relationship of the pyramid, the geometrical relationship is simple to calculate, and the design is convenient. But also has the disadvantages of practical application: in order to avoid mutual interference, the optical components need to be installed along the edges of the pyramid, so that the installation difficulty is high, and the precision is not easy to guarantee; secondly, only the lower space of the pyramid can be utilized, and the volume of the space occupied by the whole optical system after installation is too large, particularly, the space around the pyramid table is irregular and is not easy to be used for installing other devices, so that the occupied volume of the space is approximate to a cube corresponding to ABCD-OO' (see FIG. 2), which causes waste of the installation space, and in the application of laser remote sensing detection, the miniaturization and light weight of the equipment are very important, and the installation method of the optical system needs to be improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, improve the construction method of the existing optical system and provide the construction method of the optical system which is convenient to install and effectively reduces the volume.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a construction method of an optical system, the optical system has N optical components which correspond to each other one by one and guide N beams, N is a natural number of more than 3; the optical system is constructed by translating the N optical components respectively constituting the N edges of the N pyramid, and is characterized in that: respectively translating N edges of the N pyramid to the diagonal line of each rectangular side face of the N prism with the same height as the N pyramid so as to ensure that the spatial angle relationship between the edges is unchanged; and further installing the N optical assemblies according to the positions of the N edges after translation to construct the optical system.

Further, N is 3, 4 or 6.

Further, N is 4, defining 4 pyramid as S-ABCD, where S is the pyramid vertex and A, B, C, D is the pyramid base four points;

the construction method of the optical system comprises the following steps:

firstly, making SO perpendicular to the bottom surface ABCD of the pyramid, and O is the intersection point of the SO and the pyramid;

secondly, making CE parallel and equal to OB on the bottom ABCD of the pyramid, making BE parallel and equal to OC, making the intersection point of CE and BE BE E, making BP, EQ and CR perpendicular to the bottom ABCD of the pyramid, and making the lengths of the BP, EQ and CR equal to SO, SO as to obtain a cuboid PQRS-BECO;

thirdly, taking the diagonal lines of the four side surfaces of the cuboid PQRS-BECO: RO, SB, PE, and QC parallel and equal to SA, and parallel and equal to SD, 4 optical components originally located at SA, SB, SC, and SD, respectively, were moved to RO, SB, PE, and QC, respectively;

fourthly, the 4 optical components are respectively installed along the diagonals RO, SB, PE and QC to construct the optical system and ensure that the optical system still guides the emergent 4 beams according to the original spatial angle relationship.

Further, N is 3, and 3 pyramid is defined as S-ABC, where S is the vertex of the pyramid, and A, B, C is the three points of the bottom surface of the pyramid;

the construction method of the optical system comprises the following steps:

firstly, making SO perpendicular to the bottom surface ABC of the pyramid, and making O as an intersection point with the bottom surface ABC;

secondly, extending CO on the bottom surface ABC of the pyramid to obtain OD, wherein the OD is equal to the CO in length, and making DQ and BR perpendicular to the plane ABC of the bottom surface of the pyramid and equal to SO in length to obtain a triangular prism QRS-DBO;

thirdly, taking the diagonal of three sides of the triangular prism QRS-DBO: parallel and equal to DR, SB of SA and parallel and equal to QO of SC, move original 3 optical components located at SA, SB and SC to DR, SB and QO respectively;

fourthly, the 3 optical components are respectively installed along the diagonals DR, SB and QO to construct the optical system, and the optical system is ensured to guide the emergent 3 beams according to the original spatial included angle relationship.

Further, the optical component is a cylindrical optical component or a square optical component.

Further, the beam is a laser beam.

The invention also provides an optical system which is constructed by adopting the optical system construction method.

Furthermore, other application components are installed in the space enclosed by the N optical components and/or near the space defined between every two optical components.

Further, other application components include: any one or combination of photodetectors, laser beam sources, other optical components, and servo control devices.

The invention also provides a Doppler wind lidar which comprises a laser beam source system and the optical system, wherein the laser beam source system emits N laser beams, and the N laser beams are guided by the N optical assemblies in the optical system in a one-to-one correspondence manner to be detected in different directions.

The invention has the following beneficial effects: by adopting the construction method of the optical system, the installation can be realized by processing the prism with the length conforming to the design size on the premise of keeping the space included angle relation of the original light beam, the processing difficulty of the prism is lower than that of the prismatic table, and the rectangular side surfaces of the prism are planes, so that the optical assembly is convenient to fix and install. In addition, the construction method of the optical system greatly reduces the space volume occupied by the whole optical system.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the spatial geometry of a conventional 4-beam laser;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optical system of a conventional 4-beam laser

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a method for constructing an optical system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating calculation of a space occupied by an optical system according to a method for constructing an optical system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a conventional optical system for 4-beam laser installed in a pyramid manner, which is used for calculating the occupied space volume;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a method for constructing an optical system according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

The invention relates to a construction method of an optical system, wherein the optical system is provided with N optical components which correspond to each other one by one and guide N laser beams, and N is a natural number more than 3; the optical system is constructed by translating the N optical components that respectively constitute the N edges of the N pyramid. Respectively translating N edges of the N pyramid to the diagonal line of each rectangular side face of the N prism with the same height as the N pyramid so as to ensure that the spatial angle relationship between the edges is unchanged; and further installing the N optical assemblies according to the positions of the N edges after translation to construct the optical system.

It should be noted that when an edge in the N-pyramid is already located on the diagonal of a rectangular side of the N-prism with equal height, the position of the edge may be kept unchanged, and the translation amount may be understood as 0.

The optical component is a cylindrical optical component or a square optical component, and is preferably a cylindrical optical component. Further, N is preferably 3, 4 or 6. The following are specific embodiments of the present invention exemplified according to the case where N is 4 and the case where N is 3 in a 4 laser beam optical system.

Example one

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a method for constructing an optical system according to a first embodiment of the invention. It should be noted that: the situation shown in fig. 3, in which the original 4 optical components are mounted along the four sides of the pyramid, is virtual, because the optical components have a certain volume regardless of the shape, and thus the 4 optical components cannot really occupy the vertex S together (in this case, the 4 optical components interfere with each other at and near the vertex S). It is convenient to further describe the steps of mounting the optical system in a misaligned position after translation, and therefore the present invention will be described as such, as will be understood by those skilled in the art.

As shown in fig. 3, the method for constructing a 4-laser beam optical system of the present invention includes the steps of:

fourthly, the 4 optical components are respectively installed along the diagonals RO, SB, PE and QC to construct the optical system, and ensure that the optical system still guides and emits 4 laser beams according to the original spatial included angle relationship.

In the concrete installation realization, can accord with the cuboid of design size through processing length, only need aim at the optical axis of optical system the diagonal of 4 sides of cuboid, can realize the installation. The processing degree of difficulty of cuboid is less than the terrace with edge, and 4 sides of rectangle are the plane simultaneously, conveniently carry out the device fixed and install. According to the invention, on the premise of keeping the original spatial angle relationship of SA, SB, SC and SD, the cylindrical optical system is convenient to install, and the space volume occupied by the whole optical system is reduced.

By using the saved space, other application components can be installed in the space enclosed by the 4 optical components and/or near the space defined between every two optical components. Other application components include: any one or combination of photodetectors, laser beam sources, other optical components, and servo control devices.

Taking the cylindrical optical component to be installed as an example with the diameter of 50mm and the length of 250mm, the difference between the two installation modes is specifically calculated and analyzed. In the comparative example using the pyramid S-ABCD method, in order to mount an optical module having a diameter of 50 × 250mm, a prism table as shown in fig. 2 is at least required and the side length of the upper mesa quadrangle is not less than 45mm and the side length of the lower mesa quadrangle is not less than 250 mm. 4 cylinders with a diameter of 50mm and a length of 250mm are mounted on the truncated pyramid, and as shown in fig. 5, the final overall space volume is about a truncated cone with an upper surface diameter of 107mm, a lower surface diameter of 57mm and a height of 42 mm.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, when the construction method of the present invention is used, the rectangular parallelepiped PQRS-BECO satisfies the requirements of the dimensions PQ, QR, RS, SP, and PB, QE, RC, SO, 216.5mm, 4 cylinders with a diameter of 50mm and a length of 250mm are mounted on the rectangular diagonals RO, SB, PE, and QC of the 4 sides of the rectangular parallelepiped, and the final overall space volume is about one cylinder with a diameter of 263mm and a height of 242 mm.

From the above description, it can be seen that, under the construction method of the present invention, the overall occupied space volume can be greatly reduced. When the conventional pyramid S-ABCD mounting mode is adopted, the overall occupied space is too large in volume, and particularly, the peripheral space of the pyramid table is irregular space and is not easy to be used for mounting other application components. When the installation mode of the optical system is adopted, because the 4 cylindrical optical components are installed along the diagonal line of the side surface of the cuboid, other application components can be installed in the space of each cylinder and around each cylinder of the optical system, and the whole occupied space and the appearance are in the shape of the cuboid

Within a cylinder of height 242 mm. To be provided with

Bottom surface of 242 mm-high circular truncated cone

Calculated, the volume is 2.42 multiplied by 10⁷mm³. While

A cylindrical volume of 1.31X 10 with a height 242mm⁷mm³Only 54% of the former.

Example two

FIG. 6 illustrates a method of constructing a 3-beam laser optical system with N equal to 3, and defines pyramid S-ABC as a conventional optical system installation construction, where S is the pyramid apex and A, B, C is the three points on the pyramid base.

The method comprises the following steps:

fourthly, the 3 optical components are respectively installed along the diagonals DR, SB and QO to construct the optical system, and the optical system is ensured to guide and emit 3 laser beams according to the original spatial included angle relationship.

In concrete installation realization, can accord with the triangular prism of design size through processing length, only need aim at the diagonal of 3 sides of triangular prism with optical system's optical axis, can realize the installation. The processing degree of difficulty of triangular prism is less than the terrace with edge, and 3 sides of triangular prism are the plane simultaneously, conveniently carry out the device and fix and install. According to the invention, on the premise of keeping the original spatial angle relationship of SA, SB and SC, the installation of the cylindrical optical system is facilitated, the space volume occupied by the whole optical system is reduced, and the space volume occupied by the conventional optical system installed according to the pyramid S-ABC is larger than that occupied by the optical system installed according to the side diagonal of the triangular prism.

By utilizing the saved space, other application components can be installed in the space enclosed by the 3 optical components and/or near the space defined between every two optical components. Other application components include: any one or combination of photodetectors, laser beam sources, other optical components, and servo control devices.

In addition to the structures of the optical systems with 4 laser beams and 3 laser beams described in the first and second embodiments, similar spatial translation methods may be used to form N-prisms with other values, and the optical structure may be installed by using the diagonal lines of the rectangular shapes on the side surfaces of the N-prisms, so as to facilitate installation and reduce the overall occupied space. The optical system construction method can be used for not only a laser system, but also the installation of optical systems of natural light, infrared light and ultraviolet light commonly used in optical measurement, and the structural principle and the implementation mode are the same.

In addition, the invention also relates to a Doppler wind lidar which comprises a laser beam source system and the optical system, wherein the laser beam source system emits the N laser beams, and the N laser beams are guided by the N optical assemblies in the optical system in a one-to-one correspondence mode to be detected in different directions.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method of an optical system, the optical system has N optical components which correspond to each other one by one and guide N beams, N is a natural number of more than 3; the optical system is constructed by translating the N optical components respectively constituting the N edges of the N pyramid, and is characterized in that: respectively translating N edges of the N pyramid to the diagonal line of each rectangular side face of the N prism with the same height as the N pyramid so as to ensure that the spatial angle relationship between the edges is unchanged; and further installing the N optical assemblies according to the positions of the N edges after translation to construct the optical system.

2. The optical system construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and N is 3, 4 or 6.

3. The optical system construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that: n is 4, and 4 pyramid is defined as S-ABCD, wherein S is the vertex of the pyramid, and A, B, C, D is the four points on the bottom surface of the pyramid;

the construction method of the optical system comprises the following steps:

thirdly, taking the diagonal lines of the four side surfaces of the cuboid PQRS-BECO: SB, RO parallel to and equal to SA, PE parallel to and equal to SC, and QC parallel to and equal to SD, the 4 optical components originally located at SA, SB, SC, and SD, respectively, are moved to RO, SB, PE, and QC, respectively;

4. The optical system construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that: n is 3, and 3 pyramids are defined as S-ABC, wherein S is the vertex of each pyramid, and A, B, C is the three points of the bottom surfaces of the pyramids;

the construction method of the optical system comprises the following steps:

thirdly, taking the diagonal of three sides of the triangular prism QRS-DBO: SB, parallel DR equal to SA and parallel QO equal to SC, moving the 3 optical components originally located at SA, SB and SC to DR, SB and QO, respectively;

5. The optical system construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the optical component is a cylindrical optical component or a square optical component.

6. The optical system construction method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the beam is a laser beam.

7. An optical system constructed by the construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The optical system of claim 7, wherein: and other application components are also arranged in the space enclosed by the N optical components and/or near the space defined between every two optical components.

9. The optical system of claim 8, wherein: other application components include: any one or combination of photodetectors, laser beam sources, other optical components, and servo control devices.

10. A doppler wind lidar comprising a laser beam source system and an optical system according to any of claims 7-9, the laser beam source system emitting N laser beams, the N laser beams being directed by the N optical components in the optical system in a one-to-one correspondence for detection towards different directions.