CN110045188B - System and method for measuring insulation resistance of transformer without dismounting high-voltage side lead - Google Patents

System and method for measuring insulation resistance of transformer without dismounting high-voltage side lead Download PDF

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CN110045188B
CN110045188B CN201910239548.4A CN201910239548A CN110045188B CN 110045188 B CN110045188 B CN 110045188B CN 201910239548 A CN201910239548 A CN 201910239548A CN 110045188 B CN110045188 B CN 110045188B
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resistor
transformer
voltage
insulation resistance
measuring
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CN110045188A (en
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吴智影
汤振鹏
阮礼驹
陈子辉
李辰盟
刘恒
廖浩泉
刘贺
曹泳智
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Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
Jiangmen Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
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Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
Jiangmen Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/16Measuring impedance of element or network through which a current is passing from another source, e.g. cable, power line
    • G01R27/18Measuring resistance to earth, i.e. line to ground

Abstract

The invention discloses a system and a method for measuring the insulation resistance of a transformer without dismantling a high-voltage side lead, which are characterized by comprising a bridge circuit consisting of a measurement power supply, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a calibration resistor R, the transformer and an off-line equivalent device; the neutral line leading-out end of the high-voltage end of the transformer and the leading-out end of the high-voltage end U-shaped three-phase output end A, B, C which are in short circuit are respectively connected with a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2 of two parallel branches connected with a measurement power supply, the neutral line leading-out branches are connected with calibration resistors in series, and the resistance of the neutral line leading-out branches and the resistance of a T-shaped equivalent circuit of the transformer meet preset relation conditions. By adjusting the second resistor R2 in the parallel branch, the 'bridge' reaches the balance voltage of nano-volt level. Therefore, the working personnel can calculate the insulation resistance value of the transformer under the condition of not detaching the lead of the transformer, and the efficiency and the safety of the related work of maintaining the insulation resistance of the transformer can be improved.

Description

System and method for measuring insulation resistance of transformer without dismounting high-voltage side lead
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electric power, in particular to a system for measuring insulation resistance of a transformer without dismounting a high-voltage side lead.
Background
When the transformer is subjected to preventive tests, in order to accurately measure the insulation resistance value of the transformer, the lead wires connected with the buses or primary equipment on each side of the transformer need to be removed, and then the transformer is tested conventionally. Especially for 220kV, 500kV and above transformers, the top end of the sleeve is over ten meters above the ground level, so that the falling danger exists when the tester ascends, and expensive overhead working trucks, bucket arm trucks and tools for ensuring safety are required to be purchased; meanwhile, the wire disconnecting and recovering process accounts for about 40-65% of the whole test time, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed; on the other hand, the lead is easily broken and damaged when being disassembled and assembled, and the poor contact between the equipment wire clamp of the lead and the conducting rod of the sleeve can be caused, so that the contact resistance of the joint is increased and the overheating phenomenon is caused; and potential safety hazards of equipment such as lead cable insulation damage and transformer insulation sleeve oil leakage caused by disconnecting and connecting the lead.
The prior method for measuring the insulation resistance of the transformer without disassembling a lead comprises the following patents: CN101354418 and CN 102735959.
CN101354418 is a method for measuring a group of insulation resistance data as "original data" before the transformer is put into operation without connecting the leads on each side, and measuring a group of insulation resistance data as "basic data" after connecting the leads on each side, and comparing the obtained test data with the "basic data" without removing the leads connected with other equipment when testing the transformer.
CN102735959 compares the insulation resistance value in the "measurement data" with the corresponding resistance value in the "original data", and when the insulation resistance value in the "measurement data" is greater than or equal to 1.3 times of the insulation resistance value corresponding to the "original data", the insulation is good; when at least one group of insulation resistance values in the measured data is smaller than 1.3 times of the insulation resistance value corresponding to the original data and larger than the insulation resistance value corresponding to the original data, the measured data is compared with the insulation resistance value in the basic data, and the insulation between windings is good, wherein the measured data is larger than or equal to 0.7 times of the insulation resistance value corresponding to the basic data. When one or two sets of insulation resistance values in the "measurement data" are less than 0.7 times the corresponding insulation resistance values in the "base data", the transformer oil needs to be checked. When the insulation resistance values in the measured data are all smaller than 0.7 times of the corresponding insulation resistance values in the basic data or the insulation resistance values in the measured data are smaller than or equal to the corresponding insulation resistance values in the original data, the transformer is returned to the factory for repair. Neither of these patents is a method for measuring the insulation resistance value without removing the lead from the transformer.
In addition, the inventor of the Jiangxi province of Water and electric engineering works, Yangyu and the like, researched the 'shell shielding method' in No. 5 of the Jiangxi Power in 2010, measured the insulation resistance of the transformer, disassembled the neutral point, the low-voltage side bushing lead wire, the iron core and the grounding wire of the clamping piece, and fixed well by an insulation tape, only the insulation resistance between the windings and the iron core and the clamping piece can be measured, but not the insulation resistance between the high-voltage end of the transformer and the ground, and the insulation state of the transformer cannot be reflected.
According to the prior art, when the insulation resistance of the transformer is measured, a lead connected with a bus or primary equipment of the transformer needs to be removed, and a large amount of manpower, financial resources and material resources are consumed. The insulation resistance value obtained by measuring the transformer without disconnecting the lead is compared with original data obtained by disconnecting the transformer and basic data obtained by measuring the transformer without disconnecting the lead, and whether the insulation state of the transformer is good or not is judged according to the change of the insulation resistance value of the transformer measured without disconnecting the transformer. According to the method for measuring the insulation resistance of the transformer without disassembling the lead, the insulation resistance of the transformer cannot be measured because the transformer is connected with a bus and/or primary equipment, the insulation state and the change rule of the transformer cannot be accurately judged, and the method is only used for judging whether the insulation resistance of the transformer is within a normal value range.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a system and a method for measuring the insulation resistance of a transformer without dismantling a high-voltage side lead, aiming at overcoming the defects in the prior art and measuring the insulation resistance value of the transformer so as to more accurately judge the insulation state and the change rule of the transformer.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a system for measuring transformer insulation resistance without removing a high side lead, comprising: the device comprises a measuring power supply, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a calibration resistor R, a transformer and an off-line equivalent device;
the measurement power supply is provided with a line terminal L, a shielding terminal G and a grounding terminal E;
the transformer has a high voltage end with a neutral and high voltage three phase outputs A, B and C and a low voltage end with low voltage three phase outputs a, b and C;
the terminal L of the measuring power supply is electrically connected with the input ends of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 respectively;
the input end of the calibration resistor R is electrically connected with the output end of the first resistor R1, and the neutral line is electrically connected with the output end of the calibration resistor R through the leading-out end corresponding to the neutral line;
the high-voltage three-phase output ends A, B and C are respectively connected to the output end of the second resistor R2 after being short-circuited through the corresponding leading-out ends A1, B1 and C1;
the high-voltage three-phase output end A, B and the output end C of the second resistor R2 are also electrically connected with an off-line equivalent device, and the low-voltage three-phase output ends a, b and C are grounded in parallel after being short-circuited;
the high voltage three phase output terminals A, B and C have porcelain bottles connected in parallel to the shielded terminals G of the measurement power supply.
The principle of the system for measuring the insulation resistance of the transformer without removing the high-voltage side lead wire is as follows: the power supply is connected with two parallel resistors R1 and R2, a calibration resistor R, a transformer and an off-line equivalent device connected with the transformer to form a bridge circuit. The resistors of two parallel branches connected with a power supply are respectively connected to a neutral wire leading-out end of a high-voltage end of the transformer and a leading-out end short-circuited with a high-voltage three-phase output end A, B, C, wherein the neutral wire leading-out branch is connected with a calibration resistor in series, and the calibration resistor and the resistor of the transformer meet preset relation conditions. The resistance in the parallel branch is adjusted to enable the bridge to reach the balance voltage of a nano-volt level, so that the insulation resistance value is calculated under the condition that the lead of the transformer is not disassembled.
Preferably, the second resistor R2 is an adjustable resistor.
Preferably, the device further comprises a PID regulator for adjusting the resistance value of the second resistor R2.
Preferably, the device further comprises a nanovolt meter, and when two ends of the first resistor R1 are electrically connected with the nanovolt meter, the voltage value Deltau of two ends of the first resistor R1 is measured;
and a partial point p1 serving as a bridge arm is taken between the output end of the first resistor R1 and the calibration resistor R, a partial point p2 serving as a bridge arm is taken before the output end of the second resistor R2 is connected with the short-circuited leading-out end of the high-voltage three-phase output end A, B and the short-circuited leading-out end of the high-voltage three-phase output end C, and when the points p1 and p2 are connected with a nano-volt meter, a voltage value delta v between two points p1 and p2 is measured.
Preferably, the first resistor R1 is a standard resistor.
Preferably, when the resistance value of the first resistor R1 is R1The resistance value of the second resistor R2 is R2And when the resistance value of the third resistance calibration resistor R is R, the first resistance R1, the second resistance R2 and the calibration resistor R meet the following conditions:
r+r1=r2
preferably, the PID regulator is used by closed loop control, as follows:
firstly, setting the resistance values of the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2 and the calibration resistor R, further setting the PID regulator, adjusting the resistance value of the second resistor R2 through driving, and further judging the following measurement conditions:
|△v|≤1(nV)
if not, the resistance values of the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2 and the calibration resistor R are reset.
Preferably, the measurement power supply is an insulation resistance tester.
Preferably, the transformer has a grounded core clamp.
A measurement method of a system for measuring the insulation resistance of a transformer by using the lead on the non-dismantling high-voltage side is characterized in that the resistance value of a second resistor R2 is adjusted through closed-loop control, so that the voltage value | Deltav | between two points of a nano-meter measurement p1 and p2 is smaller than 1 nano-volt, the voltage value Δ u of two ends of a first resistor R1 is measured at the same time, the power supply voltage value is set as E, and the calculation is carried out through the following formula:
Zx=(R1×E)÷(2×△u)
obtaining the insulation resistance value Z of the transformerx
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in order to realize the technical scheme of calculating the insulation resistance value without detaching a lead of the transformer, the resistors of two parallel branches connected with a power supply are respectively connected to a neutral wire leading-out end of a high-voltage end of the transformer and a leading-out end in short circuit with a high-voltage three-phase output end A, B, C, wherein the neutral wire leading-out branch is connected with a calibration resistor in series and meets a certain algebraic sum relation with the resistors in the transformer. The 'bridge' reaches the balance voltage of a nano-volt level by adjusting the resistance in the parallel branch, so that the insulation resistance value of the transformer is calculated. Therefore, power workers can measure the insulation resistance value of the transformer under the condition of not detaching the lead of the transformer, so that the insulation state and the change rule of the transformer are judged; meanwhile, the lead is not disassembled or disconnected for the transformer and the equipment connected with the transformer, so that the working efficiency and the safety can be effectively improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for measuring the insulation resistance of a transformer without removing a high-voltage side lead.
Fig. 2 is a closed-loop control flow chart.
Fig. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a transformer T-type.
Wherein, 1 represents a measurement power supply, 2 represents a transformer, 21 represents a high-voltage end of the transformer, 21 represents a low-voltage end of the transformer, 23 represents an iron core clamp, 3 represents an off-line equivalent device, and 41 and 42 represent a nano-volt meter;
r1 is a first resistor R1, R2 is a second resistor R2, R is a calibration resistor R, R1 and R2 are respectively a first equivalent resistor R1 and a second equivalent resistor R2 of the transformer T-type equivalent circuit, R3 is an equivalent insulation resistor of the transformer T-type equivalent circuit, A, B and C are respectively a high-voltage three-phase output end A, B and C, A1, B1 and C1 are respectively a high-voltage three-phase output end A, B and a short-circuited lead-out end of C, p1 is a node taken between the first resistor R1 and the calibration resistor R, p2 is a node taken between the output end of R2 and the parallel connection with A1, B1 and C1, O is a neutral lead-out end, a, B and C are low-voltage three-phase output ends, L represents a shielding end, G represents a shielding end, and E represents a grounding end.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent;
it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
A system for measuring the insulation resistance of a transformer without removing the high side lead, as shown in fig. 1, comprising: the method comprises the following steps that a measurement power supply 1, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a calibration resistor R, a transformer 2 and an off-line equivalent device 3 are arranged;
the measurement power supply 1 is provided with a line terminal L, a shielding terminal G and a grounding terminal E;
the transformer 2 has a high voltage side 21 and a low voltage side 22, the high voltage side 21 having a neutral and high voltage three phase outputs A, B and C, the low voltage side 22 having low voltage three phase outputs a, b and C;
the terminal L of the measurement power supply 1 is electrically connected with the input ends of a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2 respectively;
the input end of the calibration resistor R is electrically connected with the output end of the first resistor R1, and the neutral line is electrically connected with the output end of the calibration resistor R through the leading-out end O corresponding to the neutral line;
the high-voltage three-phase output ends A, B and C are respectively connected to the output end of the second resistor R2 after being short-circuited through the corresponding leading-out ends A1, B1 and C1;
the high-voltage three-phase output end A, B and the output end C of the second resistor R2 are also electrically connected with the off-line equivalent equipment 3, and the low-voltage three-phase output ends a, b and C are grounded in parallel after being short-circuited;
the high voltage three phase output terminals A, B and C have porcelain bottles connected in parallel to the shield terminal G of the measurement power supply 1.
More specifically, the porcelain insulator is a transformer high-voltage porcelain insulator tube, and the outer shell of the measurement power supply 1, the outer shell of the first resistor R1, the outer shell of the second resistor R2 and the outer shell of the calibration resistor R are connected and grounded to form a shielding system.
In another embodiment, the second resistor R2 is an adjustable resistor.
In another embodiment, the device further comprises a PID regulator for adjusting the resistance value of the second resistor R2.
In another embodiment, the device further comprises a nanovolt meter 41, 42, and when two ends of the first resistor R1 are electrically connected with the nanovolt meter 41, the voltage value Δ u of two ends of the first resistor R1 is measured;
and a partial point p1 serving as a bridge arm is taken between the output end of the first resistor R1 and the calibration resistor R, a partial point p2 serving as a bridge arm is taken before the output end of the second resistor R2 is connected with the short-circuited leading-out end of the high-voltage three-phase output end A, B and the short-circuited leading-out end of the high-voltage three-phase output end C, and when the points p1 and p2 are connected with the nano-volt meter 42, a voltage value delta v between two points p1 and p2 is measured.
In another embodiment, the first resistor R1 is a standard resistor.
In another embodiment, when the resistance value of the first resistor R1 is R1The resistance value of the second resistor R2 is R2And when the resistance value of the third resistance calibration resistor R is R, the first resistance R1, the second resistance R2 and the calibration resistor R meet the following conditions:
r+r1=r2
in another embodiment, the PID regulator is used by closed loop control as shown in fig. 3, as follows:
firstly, setting the resistance values of the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2 and the calibration resistor R, further setting the PID regulator, adjusting the resistance value of the second resistor R2 through driving, and further judging the following measurement conditions:
|△v|≤1(nV)
if not, the resistance values of the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2 and the calibration resistor R are reset.
In another embodiment, the measurement power supply 1 is an insulation resistance tester.
In another embodiment, the transformer 2 has a grounded core clamp 23.
According to the measuring method of the system for measuring the insulation resistance of the transformer without removing the high-voltage side lead, the resistance value of the second resistor R2 is adjusted through closed-loop control, the voltage value | delta v | between two points of p1 and p2 measured by a nano-volt meter is smaller than 1 nano-volt, the voltage value Δ u of two ends of the first resistor R1 is measured at the same time, the power supply voltage value is set as E, and the calculation is carried out through the following formula:
Zx=(R1×E)÷(2×△u)
obtaining the insulation resistance value Z of the transformer 2x
In order to more briefly and clearly express the components and structure of the transformer 2 that are formed in the system proposed by the present invention, fig. 3 shows a T-type equivalent circuit diagram of the transformer, in which it is seen that the lead to which the input terminal of the first equivalent resistor R1 is connected represents the neutral line and is electrically connected to the output terminal of the calibration resistor R, the second equivalent resistor R2 represents the high-voltage terminal 21, the output terminal of which is shorted as a three-phase output terminal to the outlet terminal, through which the output terminal of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected to the off-line equivalent device 3. The output end of the equivalent insulation resistor r3 is grounded, and the input ends are respectively and electrically connected with the output end of the first equivalent resistor r1 and the input end of the second equivalent resistor r2, thereby representing the actual insulation resistance of the transformer 2.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A system for measuring the insulation resistance of a transformer without removing a high-voltage side lead wire is characterized by comprising: the method comprises the steps that a power supply (1), a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a calibration resistor R, a transformer (2) and an off-line equivalent device (3) are measured;
the measurement power supply (1) is provided with a line terminal L, a shielding terminal G and a grounding terminal E;
the transformer (2) having a high voltage end (21) and a low voltage end (22), the high voltage end (21) having a neutral and high voltage three phase outputs A, B and C, the low voltage end (22) having low voltage three phase outputs a, b and C;
the terminal L of the measuring power supply (1) is electrically connected with the input ends of a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2 respectively;
the input end of the calibration resistor R is electrically connected with the output end of the first resistor R1, and the neutral line is electrically connected with the output end of the calibration resistor R through the leading-out end O corresponding to the neutral line;
the high-voltage three-phase output ends A, B and C are respectively connected to the output end of the second resistor R2 after being short-circuited through the corresponding leading-out ends A1, B1 and C1;
the high-voltage three-phase output end A, B and the output end C of the second resistor R2 are also electrically connected with an off-line equivalent device (3), and the low-voltage three-phase output ends a, b and C are grounded in parallel after being short-circuited;
the high voltage three phase output terminals A, B and C have porcelain bottles connected in parallel to the shield terminal G of the measurement power supply (1).
2. The system for measuring the insulation resistance of a transformer without removing a high-voltage side lead according to claim 1, wherein the second resistor R2 is an adjustable resistor.
3. The system for measuring the insulation resistance of a transformer without removing a high-voltage side lead according to claim 2, further comprising a PID regulator for adjusting the resistance value of the second resistor R2.
4. The system for measuring insulation resistance of a transformer without removing a high-voltage side lead according to claim 3, further comprising a nanovoltmeter (41, 42) for measuring a voltage value Δ u across the first resistor R1 when both ends of the first resistor R1 are electrically connected to the nanovoltmeter (41);
and a point p1 is taken between the output end of the first resistor R1 and the calibration resistor R, a point p2 is taken at the part before the output end of the second resistor R2 is connected with the short-circuited leading-out end of the high-voltage three-phase output end A, B and the short-circuited leading-out end of the high-voltage three-phase output end C, and when the points p1 and p2 are connected with a nano-volt meter (42), a voltage value delta v between two points p1 and p2 is measured.
5. The system for measuring the insulation resistance of a transformer without removing a high-voltage side lead according to claim 1, wherein the first resistor R1 is a standard resistor.
6. The system for measuring the insulation resistance of a transformer without removing the high-voltage side lead of claim 5, wherein when the resistance value of the first resistor R1 is R1The resistance value of the second resistor R2 is R2And when the resistance value of the third resistance calibration resistor R is R, the first resistance R1, the second resistance R2 and the calibration resistor R satisfy the following requirementsConditions are as follows:
r+r1=r2
7. the system for measuring the insulation resistance of the transformer without removing the high-voltage side lead wire is characterized in that the PID regulator is used through closed-loop control, and the specific process is as follows:
firstly, setting the resistance values of the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2 and the calibration resistor R, further setting the PID regulator, adjusting the resistance value of the second resistor R2 through driving, and further judging the following measurement conditions:
|△v|≤1(nV)
if not, the resistance values of the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2 and the calibration resistor R are reset.
8. The system for measuring the insulation resistance of a transformer without removing a high-voltage side lead according to claim 1, wherein the measurement power supply 1 is an insulation resistance tester.
9. The system for measuring insulation resistance of a transformer without removing a high-side lead according to claim 1, wherein the transformer has a grounded core clamp (23).
10. A method for measuring the insulation resistance of a transformer without dismantling a high-voltage side lead wire is characterized in that the resistance value of the second resistor R2 is adjusted through closed-loop control, the voltage value Deltav between two points p1 and p2 measured by a nanovolt meter is smaller than 1 nanovolt, the voltage Deltau at two ends of the first resistor R1 is measured, the power supply voltage value is set as E, and the method is calculated through the following formula:
Zx=(R1×E)÷(2×△u)
obtaining the insulation resistance value Z of the transformerx
CN201910239548.4A 2019-03-27 2019-03-27 System and method for measuring insulation resistance of transformer without dismounting high-voltage side lead Active CN110045188B (en)

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