CN110044669B - Multi-angle loose accumulation body bank slope model manufacturing equipment and test method thereof - Google Patents
Multi-angle loose accumulation body bank slope model manufacturing equipment and test method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
- G01N3/36—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
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Abstract
The invention provides multi-angle loose accumulation body bank slope model manufacturing equipment and a test method thereof. The modeling apparatus includes a model box body. The whole model box body is a hollow right triangular prism with an open side surface. During operation, the inner cavity of the model box body is filled with soil, and loose accumulation soil blocks are formed after slope cutting and leveling operation. The test method comprises the steps of fixing a soil body baffle, presetting a layering height and a loose paving height, filling a soil body in a layering and partitioning manner, cutting a slope of a bank slope, leveling and the like. The device sets up the soil body baffle through the interval, can realize the experimental research of a plurality of different material clods simultaneously. Through the combination of the fixed baffle and the detachable baffle, simple and convenient transformation of a plurality of angles is realized, time-consuming and labor-consuming processes such as repeated concrete masonry and trimming are not needed, the experimental preparation time is greatly shortened, and the experimental process is simplified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering disasters, channel improvement engineering and geotechnical engineering, in particular to multi-angle loose accumulation body bank slope model manufacturing equipment and a test method thereof.
Background
Three gorges reservoir areas are often subjected to disastrous landslides. The landslide surge is a wave which is caused by the sudden sliding of a side slope rock-soil body and the interaction with a water body. Landslide and surge often cause secondary disasters to river channels and bank slopes. The surface of the bank slope is washed and collapsed by the surge, the shallow layer of the bank slope is landslide of the bank slope, and even the integral stability is threatened, particularly for the earth and rock bank slopes which are widely distributed in the three gorges reservoir area, secondary bank slope instability disasters can be caused due to the fact that material parameters are reduced after the influences of high permeability, water immersion, scouring and the like of earth and rock materials are used. Therefore, the degree of influence on the bank slope when a landslide surge occurs is a problem of concern.
Because the landslide surge has high generation speed and a remote generation area, the prototype observation data of the landslide surge is less, and a physical model test or simulation research is generally required to be carried out on the landslide surge. The physical model test is generally carried out in a water tank, the landslide surge wave is simulated through a wave making machine, and the problem exists that the wave making machine has unique advantages in the simulation of regular waves, but has considerable limitation in the aspect of simulating the characteristics of irregular waves, particularly for the extreme waves of surge, and secondly, the bank slope is simulated through a smooth inclined plate, so that the bank slope is an ideal bank slope, and the factors such as roughness, permeability and the like of a bank slope material are not considered, so that the result obtained by the test is greatly different from the measured value; part of tests relate to loose accumulation body bank slope, and bank slope boundary is the basin side wall, directly piles up the bank slope angle that needs in the basin, but it can only realize the test under one angle of a material. The simulation test is generally used as an auxiliary result of the physical model test, and it still needs deep exploration and research in the simulation of surge. In addition, a large-scale three-dimensional physical model test can truly simulate disasters and influences thereof in a targeted manner, so the large-scale three-dimensional physical model test occupies an important position in landslide surge test research, the simulation research of materials of landslide bodies is more, the large-scale three-dimensional physical model test can better meet different landslide types to a certain extent, most of the simulation of bank slopes can stay at a stage of a smooth sloping plate, the smooth sloping plate can not reflect the material performance of loose accumulated bank slopes such as the earth and rock bank slopes and can only roughly obtain the surface wave pressure born by the bank slopes, the test research on the change of wave force in the soil body, the scouring deformation of the surface of the soil body and the stability of the soil body as well as the three-dimensional physical model test on the stability of the earth and rock bank slopes under surge can not be effectively carried out, and the surge can be predicted in advance when the three-dimensional physical model test is carried out on the stability of the earth and rock, the affected degree of the bank slope in the area near the landslide, so that prevention is well done in advance. The existing research shows that the angle of a bank slope and different bank slope accumulation body materials are important influence factors of the acting force of the bank slope under the action of waves, so in a three-dimensional physical model experiment, the influence of bank slope angle change, different material compositions and the like on a test result is considered firstly, a large-scale three-dimensional physical model experiment generally adopts concrete to build the bank slope, a bank slope section needing to be tested is independently constructed according to the width, the angle and different loose accumulation body soil blocks, then the slope is plastered and corrected, the loose accumulation body can not be filled until a concrete frame is air-dried, the test preparation process is hard and long, and if the test relates to a plurality of bank slope angles and a plurality of loose accumulation body materials, the consumed manpower, material resources and time in the process are immeasurable.
Based on the problems in the testing process, a bank slope model device capable of realizing angle change and a corresponding testing method are urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide multi-angle loose accumulation body bank slope model manufacturing equipment and a test method thereof, and aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted for achieving the aim of the invention is that the multi-angle loose accumulation body bank slope model manufacturing equipment comprises a model box body.
The whole model box body is a hollow right triangular prism with an open side surface. The bottom surface of the right triangular prism is a right triangle, and the model box body takes the bevel edge of the right triangle as an open edge.
Two bottom surfaces of the model box body are soil body baffles, and two side surfaces are respectively a vertical plate and a model river bank bottom plate.
The soil body baffle comprises a fixed baffle and a plurality of detachable baffles. The fixed baffle is a quadrangle comprising a right angle. The detachable baffle is triangular. The fixed baffle and the plurality of detachable baffles with corresponding sizes are spliced into a right-angled triangular plate with the size required by the test.
During operation, the inner cavity of the model box body is filled with soil, and loose accumulation soil blocks are formed after slope cutting and leveling operation.
Furthermore, according to the quantity of loose accumulation body soil blocks required by the test, a plurality of soil body baffles are also adaptively arranged in the inner cavity of the model box body.
Further, the fixed baffle and the detachable baffle are made of cast iron through cutting.
Further, the fixed baffle and the detachable baffle are fixedly connected through a baffle fixing part. The baffle fixing part comprises a fixing iron ring and a bolt. And two fixed iron rings are arranged on one side plate surface of the fixed baffle. The two fixed iron rings are arranged at the corresponding positions of the two bevel edges of the fixed baffle. A fixed iron ring is arranged on one side of the detachable baffle. During operation, the bolt and the bolt are sequentially inserted into the fixed baffle and correspond to the fixed iron ring on the surface of the detachable baffle, and the fixed baffle and the detachable baffle are fixedly connected.
Furthermore, the vertical plate is connected with the bottom plate of the model river bank through angle steel. The soil body baffle is connected with the vertical plate through angle steel. The soil body baffle is connected with the model river bank and the river bottom plate through angle steel.
Furthermore, an anti-deformation fixing steel bar is arranged between the adjacent soil body baffles.
The invention also discloses a test method of the bank slope loose accumulation body prepared on the basis of the model preparation equipment, which comprises the following steps:
1) and installing and fixing the soil body baffle.
2) And (4) presetting the layering height and the loose paving height according to the height of the bank slope.
3) And filling soil in the inner cavity of the model box body in a layered and partitioned manner, and burying a sensor in the soil.
4) And (4) carrying out slope cutting and leveling treatment on the slope of the soil body to form a loose accumulation body bank slope.
5) And (4) carrying out a landslide surge model test by adopting the loose accumulation body bank slope prepared in the step 4).
Further, in the step 3), a soil body is compacted by adopting a tamping method. And after filling of each layer of soil body is finished, performing debristling treatment.
Furthermore, when the slope angle is changed, the corresponding detachable baffle is removed or added, and the soil body of the corresponding part is excavated or filled.
The technical effects of the invention are undoubted:
A. the soil body baffles are arranged at intervals, so that the experimental research on a plurality of soil blocks made of different materials can be realized at the same time;
B. the fixed baffle and the detachable baffle are combined, so that simple and convenient conversion of a plurality of angles is realized, time-consuming and labor-consuming processes such as concrete building and trimming are not required to be repeated, the experimental preparation time is greatly shortened, and the experimental process is simplified;
C. the method can realize simple and convenient change of different angles, can realize simultaneous test of various materials, and provides simple and convenient experimental preparation and a corresponding set of test method for similar loose accumulation body bank slope three-dimensional model test.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a loose accumulation body bank slope model manufacturing device;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a loose-fill bank slope model making apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional physical model test of landslide surge;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional physical model test of landslide surge.
In the figure: adjustable balladeur train 1, the landslide body 2, water 3, loose accumulation body bank slope 5, fixed stop 6, can dismantle baffle 7, fixed hoop 8, bolt 9, angle steel 10, riser 11, bottom plate 12, the fixed billet 13 of preapring for an unfavorable turn of events shape, loose accumulation body soil block 14, uncovered side 16.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but it should not be construed that the scope of the above-described subject matter is limited to the following examples. Various substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the technical idea of the invention and the scope of the invention is covered by the present invention according to the common technical knowledge and the conventional means in the field.
Example 1:
the embodiment discloses loose accumulation body bank slope model manufacture equipment of multi-angle, including model box body.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the mold box body is generally a hollow right triangular prism having an open side 16. The bottom surface of the right triangular prism is a right triangle, and the model box body takes the bevel edge of the right triangle as an open edge.
Two bottom surfaces of the model box body are soil body baffles, and two side surfaces are respectively a vertical plate 11 and a bottom plate 12. In this embodiment, a soil baffle is also disposed within the interior cavity of the model box body in an adaptive manner, depending on the number of loose fill blocks 14 required for the test. And an anti-deformation fixing steel bar 13 is arranged between the adjacent soil body baffles.
The vertical plate 11 and the bottom plate 12 are rectangular plates. The risers 11 and the base plate 12 are arranged perpendicular to each other. The vertical plates 11 are arranged vertically, and the bottom plate 12 is arranged horizontally.
The baffle is a right-angled triangular plate as a whole. The soil body baffle comprises a fixed baffle 6 and a plurality of detachable baffles 7. The fixed baffle 6 and the detachable baffle 7 are made of cast iron through cutting. The original thought that the retaining wall is directly built by the side wall of the water tank or concrete as the boundary of the bank slope is changed, and the retaining wall is cut into different blocks by cast iron to be combined to form different bank slope angles. According to the general height of the bank slope required by a three-dimensional physical model test, required test angles (such as three different angles alpha 1, alpha 2 and alpha 3 in the figure 1) are stacked together in the figure according to the principle that the hydrostatic level is unchanged, so that areas where the triangular plates are overlapped at different angles are called as fixed baffles 6, and the fixed baffles are accurately manufactured by using cast iron plates according to specific sizes and are unchanged parts of different bank slope baffles. The fixed baffle 6 is a quadrangle including a right angle. Except the fixed baffle, the rest of the iron blocks are divided into different cast iron blocks by bevel edges with different angles, and the iron blocks are called detachable baffles 7. The detachable baffle 7 is triangular (as shown in the detachable baffles (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) in fig. 1). The fixed baffle 6 and the detachable baffle 7 with corresponding size are spliced into a right-angled triangular plate with the size required by the test. If the test of the alpha 1 angle is needed in the test, the fixed baffle, the detachable baffles (I) and (II) can be combined.
Referring to fig. 3, during operation, soil is filled in the inner cavity of the model box body, and loose accumulation soil blocks 14 are formed after slope cutting and leveling operation.
The fixed baffle 6 and the detachable baffle 7 are fixedly connected through a baffle fixing part. The baffle fixing part comprises a fixing iron ring 8 and a bolt 9. And two fixed iron rings 8 are arranged on one side plate surface of the fixed baffle 6. The two fixing iron rings 8 are arranged at the corresponding positions of the two bevel edges of the fixing baffle 6. And a fixed iron ring 8 is arranged on one side plate surface of the detachable baffle 7. During operation, bolt 9 inserts fixed stop 6 in proper order and corresponds the fixed hoop 8 on the 7 faces of detachable baffle, with fixed stop 6 and detachable baffle 7 fixed connection. Because of the angle conversion that needs to realize under minimum consumptive material condition, adopt fixed with can dismantle the mode that the baffle combines and splice into different angle baffles, need to solve the stable combination problem between fixed baffle and can dismantle baffle and all the other three-dimensional model parts. The fixed baffle and the detachable baffle are combined through the fixed iron ring and the corresponding bolt, so that the purposes of fixing the movable baffle and easily detaching the movable baffle when changing angles are achieved.
The vertical plate 11 and the bottom plate 12 are connected through angle steel. The soil body baffle is connected with the vertical plate 11 through angle steel. The soil body baffle is connected with the bottom plate 12 through angle steel.
The embodiment can reduce the investment of manpower and material resources and unnecessary time waste in the angle changing process, causes the situations of overlong test time, more waste of funds and the like, and can carry out relevant test research on the bank slopes of loose accumulation bodies in a targeted manner.
Example 2:
the embodiment discloses a test method based on the model making equipment in the embodiment 1, which comprises the following steps:
1) and installing and fixing the soil body baffle. In this embodiment, a landslide swell model test is developed in a river model. Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the river model is a rectangular water tank. The rectangular water tank comprises a river channel model river bottom plate and 4 side plates. Wherein, the lateral plates on two sides vertical to the length direction of the rectangular water tank are river channel model river bank baffle plates. The two sides perpendicular to the length direction of the rectangular water tank are a landslide side and a river bank side respectively, and a water body 3 is injected between the landslide side and the river bank side. The model box body is arranged on the side of the river bank. In this embodiment, adopt river course model river bottom plate as bottom plate 12 of model box body, river course model river bank bulkhead is as riser 11. Namely, a soil body baffle is arranged at the joint of the river channel model river bottom plate positioned on the river bank side and the river channel model river bank retaining wall plate. The river model river bottom plate, river model bank retaining plate and soil body baffle enclose a hollow right triangular prism space with an open side 16.
2) And (4) presetting the layering height and the loose paving height according to the bank slope height of the bank side.
3) And filling soil in the inner cavity of the model box body in a layered and partitioned manner, and burying a sensor in the soil. Wherein, the soil body is compacted by adopting a tamping method. After filling of each layer of soil body is completed, the roughening treatment is carried out, so that the interlayer combination is facilitated.
4) And (3) carrying out slope cutting and leveling treatment on the slope of the soil body to form a loose accumulation body bank slope 5.
5) And (4) prefabricating the landslide body 2. In the embodiment, the landslide body 2 is formed by stacking small concrete blocks according to a graded curve compact line by adopting small concrete blocks to simulate soil particles. On the landslide side an adjustable carriage 1 is arranged. The landslide body 2 is placed on an adjustable carriage 1.
6) The adjustable carriage 1 is adjusted so that the landslide body 2 slides freely down into the water body 3. After the landslide body 2 slides into the water body 3, the formed waves swell up the loose accumulation body bank slope 5.
7) The wave pressure on the loose accumulation body bank slope 5 is measured through the soil pressure cell, and the wave condition on the loose accumulation body bank slope 5 is photographed by adopting a camera, so that the bank slope surging and climbing characteristics and the like can be analyzed.
8) After the bank slope landslide surge test of a slope angle is carried out, the bank slope soil body can be dug out, and then the bank slopes with other slopes are filled. When the slope angle is changed, the corresponding detachable baffle 8 is removed or added, and the soil body of the corresponding part is excavated or filled.
The bank slope angle change method and device based on the three-dimensional physical model test have the advantages that the bank slope angle can be conveniently and concisely changed in the three-dimensional physical model test, multiple loose accumulation body materials can be tested simultaneously, and the problems in researching the performance and stability of the loose accumulation body bank slope materials are solved.
Claims (6)
1. The multi-angle loose accumulation bank slope model test method is characterized in that: the multi-angle loose accumulation body bank slope model manufacturing equipment adopted by the test method comprises a model box body;
the whole model box body is a hollow right triangular prism with an open side surface (16); the bottom surface of the right triangular prism is a right triangle, and the model box body takes the bevel edge of the right triangle as an open edge;
two bottom surfaces of the model box body are soil body baffles, and two side surfaces are respectively a vertical plate (11) and a model river bank bottom plate (12);
the soil body baffle comprises a fixed baffle (6) and a plurality of detachable baffles (7); the fixed baffle (6) is a quadrangle containing a right angle; the detachable baffle (7) is triangular; the fixed baffle (6) and a plurality of detachable baffles (7) with corresponding sizes are spliced into a right-angled triangular plate with the size required by the test; the fixed baffle (6) and the detachable baffle (7) are fixedly connected through a baffle fixing part; the baffle fixing part comprises a fixing iron ring (8) and a bolt (9); two fixed iron rings (8) are arranged on the surface of one side of the fixed baffle (6); the two fixed iron rings (8) are arranged at the corresponding positions of the two bevel edges of the fixed baffle (6); a fixed iron ring (8) is arranged on one side plate surface of the detachable baffle (7); when the detachable baffle plate fixing device works, the bolt and the bolt (9) are sequentially inserted into the fixing baffle plate (6) and the fixing iron ring (8) on the plate surface of the corresponding detachable baffle plate (7), and the fixing baffle plate (6) is fixedly connected with the detachable baffle plate (7);
when the device works, soil is filled in the inner cavity of the model box body, and a loose accumulation body bank slope (5) is formed after slope cutting and leveling work;
the multi-angle loose accumulation body bank slope model test method comprises the following steps:
1) installing and fixing a soil body baffle; wherein, a landslide and surge model test is developed in the river channel model; the river channel model is a rectangular water tank; the rectangular water tank comprises a river channel model river bottom plate and 4 side plates; two side plates perpendicular to the length direction of the rectangular water tank are river channel model river bank baffle plates; the two sides perpendicular to the length direction of the rectangular water tank are a landslide side and a river bank side respectively, and a water body (3) is injected between the landslide side and the river bank side; the model box body is arranged on the side of a river bank; a soil body baffle is arranged at the joint of the river channel model river bottom plate positioned on the river bank side and the river channel model river bank retaining wall plate; the river channel model river bottom plate, the river channel model river bank baffle plate and the soil body baffle plate enclose a hollow right triangular prism space with an open side face (16); a river channel model river bottom plate is used as a model river bank river bottom plate (12), and a river channel model river bank baffle plate is used as a vertical plate (11);
2) presetting a layering height and a loose paving height according to the height of a bank slope;
3) filling soil in a layered and partitioned manner in the inner cavity of the model box body, and burying a sensor in the soil;
4) carrying out slope cutting and leveling treatment on a slope of a soil body to form a loose accumulation body slope (5);
5) prefabricating a landslide body (2); arranging an adjustable sliding frame (1) on the landslide side; the sliding body (2) is arranged on the adjustable sliding frame (1);
6) adjusting the adjustable sliding frame (1) to enable the sliding mass (2) to freely slide into the water body (3); after the landslide body (2) slides into the water body (3), the formed waves swell up the bank slope (5) of the loose accumulation body;
7) measuring the wave pressure on the loose accumulation body bank slope (5) through a soil pressure box, and shooting the wave condition on the loose accumulation body bank slope (5) by adopting a camera;
8) after the bank slope landslide surge test of one slope angle is carried out, digging out the soil body of the bank slope, and filling the bank slope with other slopes; when the slope angle is changed, the corresponding detachable baffle (7) is removed or added, and the soil body of the corresponding part is excavated or filled.
2. The multi-angle loose-packed bank slope model test method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the loose accumulation body bank slope (5) comprises a plurality of loose accumulation body soil blocks (14); according to the quantity of loose accumulation body soil blocks (14) required by the test, a plurality of soil body baffles are also adaptively arranged in the inner cavity of the model box body.
3. The multi-angle loose-packed bank slope model test method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fixed baffle (6) and the detachable baffle (7) are made of cast iron through cutting.
4. The multi-angle loose-fill bank slope model test method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the vertical plate (11) is connected with the model bank river bottom plate (12) through angle steel; the soil body baffle is connected with the vertical plate (11) through angle steel; the soil body baffle is connected with the model river bank river bottom plate (12) through angle steel.
5. The multi-angle loose-fill bank slope model test method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: an anti-deformation fixing steel bar (13) is arranged between the adjacent soil body baffles.
6. The multi-angle loose-packed bank slope model test method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 3), a soil body is tamped by adopting a tamping method; and after filling of each layer of soil body is finished, performing debristling treatment.
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| CN113655204B (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2024-03-22 | 重庆地质矿产研究院 | Manual slide bed suitable for hydrodynamic landslide model test and preparation method |
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| CN201653303U (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2010-11-24 | 武汉科技大学 | Adjustable die used for slope blasting models |
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| CN103954740B (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2016-01-20 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | A kind of expansive soil slope hygroscopic deformation model test method and system |
| CN105510100B (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2018-02-27 | 长安大学 | A kind of device for side slope model in make-up room |
| CN107144682A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-09-08 | 黑龙江科技大学 | Simulate the experimental rig and method of earthquake and the influence of rainfall Upon Slope Stability |
| CN108051342B (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2021-03-30 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Simple calculation method for lake near-shore farmland pollutant lake-entering flux under interaction of underground water and lake water |
| CN108088719B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2023-09-05 | 山东大学 | Device and method for manufacturing tiltable slope model by layered filling |
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2019
- 2019-03-21 CN CN201910219146.8A patent/CN110044669B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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