CN110044585B - Spherical spacer fatigue test device and test method - Google Patents
Spherical spacer fatigue test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110044585B CN110044585B CN201910167044.6A CN201910167044A CN110044585B CN 110044585 B CN110044585 B CN 110044585B CN 201910167044 A CN201910167044 A CN 201910167044A CN 110044585 B CN110044585 B CN 110044585B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0073—Fatigue
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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Abstract
The invention provides a spherical spacer fatigue test device and a test method, which are used for simulating the fatigue examination of a metal spacer of an elastic bearing, and the spherical spacer fatigue test device comprises: rigidity undersetting (1), spherical spacer (2), a plurality of rubber layer (3), briquetting (4), vibration pressure head (5) and locking bolt (6), its characterized in that: the spherical spacer (2) is fixed between the rigid lower support (1) and the pressing block (4) through the locking bolt (6), the rigid lower support (1), the spherical spacer (2) and the pressing block (4) are vulcanized and bonded together through the rubber layer (3), the lower surface of the vibration pressing head (5) is in surface contact with the outer edge of the spherical spacer, and the centers of the rigid lower support (1), the spherical spacer (2), the pressing block (4) and the vibration pressing head (5) are coaxial. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, flexible control of test mode, low cost and the like, and is convenient to install and maintain.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a fatigue test technology, is used for simulating fatigue examination of a metal spacer of an elastic bearing, and relates to a fatigue test method of a spherical spacer.
Technical Field
The spherical elastic bearing is an important functional component of a helicopter rotor system, the common basic structure consists of a large joint, a small joint, a spherical metal spacer and a rubber lamination, simultaneously bears the compression load, the torsion load, the swing load and the radial load, the fatigue life of the bearing is a key technical assessment index, the main load that has the greatest effect on elastomeric bearing fatigue is determined by the superimposed loads of compressive and flap loads, the fatigue failure mode is mainly expressed as fatigue cracks of the rubber and the metal spacer, the fatigue cracks of the spacer appear on the outer edges of two sides which are consistent with the waving direction firstly, the fatigue test of the elastic bearing can accurately monitor the fatigue life of the metal spacer, but has higher requirements on fatigue test equipment and technology, long fatigue time period and high test cost, the fatigue life evaluation of the spacer under the same load condition after the change of materials or structures needs to provide a simple and effective evaluation method.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the spherical spacer fatigue test method has the advantages of simple structure, flexible control of test modes and low cost, and is convenient to install and maintain.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a spherical spacer fatigue test device for the fatigue examination of the metal spacer of simulation elastic bearing, spherical spacer fatigue test device includes: rigidity undersetting 1, spherical spacer 2, a plurality of rubber layer 3, briquetting 4, vibration pressure head 5 and locking bolt 6, its characterized in that: spherical spacer 2 is fixed between rigid lower support 1 and briquetting 4 through locking bolt 6, and rigid lower support 1, spherical spacer 2 and briquetting 4 vulcanize through rubber layer 3 and bond together, and vibration pressure head 5 lower surface contacts with spherical spacer outer fringe upper surface, and rigid lower support 1, spherical spacer 2, briquetting 4, vibration pressure head 5 center are coaxial.
Preferably, the diameter D1 of the outer edge of the pressing block 4, the diameter D2 of the inner edge of the vibrating pressing head 5, the diameter D3 of the outer edge of the rigid lower support 1 and the diameter D4 of the outer edge of the spherical spacer 2 satisfy the following conditions: d1 < D2 < D4, D1 < D3 < D4.
Preferably, the spherical spacer 2 generates local dynamic stress by applying a compressive load borne by the spherical spacer 2 to the locking bolt 6 and applying an axial displacement load by the vibrating ram 5; the pressure block 4 and the vibration pressure head 5 apply load to enable the stress amplitude generated by the outer edge of the spherical spacer 2 to be approximately equal to the stress amplitude of the metal spacer of the elastic bearing under the actual working condition.
Preferably, calculating the stress distribution trend of each metal spacer of the spherical elastic bearing under the superposed load through finite element analysis, and selecting the metal spacer with the maximum stress as a fatigue assessment object; establishing a finite element analysis model of a rigid lower support 1, a spherical spacer 2, a rubber layer 3, a pressing block 4 and a vibration pressing head 5; the compression displacement is applied to the pressing block 4 to enable the maximum stress generated by the spherical spacer 2 to be consistent with the maximum stress of the metal spacer to be checked under the condition of the compression load, on the basis of applying the compression displacement to the pressing block 4, the compression displacement load is applied to the vibration pressing head 5 to enable the maximum stress generated by the spherical spacer 2 to be consistent with the maximum stress of the metal spacer to be checked under the condition of the superposed load, the compression displacement on the pressing block 4 is obtained through calculation and is used as the static load of the locking bolt 6, and the compression displacement on the vibration pressing head 5 is obtained through calculation and is used as the dynamic load of the vibration pressing head 5. The invention has the technical effects that: the simple fatigue test method for the spherical spacer with the flange edge structure is provided, the technical requirements for fatigue life assessment of the spherical spacer and the complexity of equipment are obviously reduced, the test cost is reduced, the test period is shortened, and greater economic benefits can be generated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure dimensions of an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a numerical simulation of the magnitude of the concentration stress at the outer edge of the spacer versus the load displacement.
Detailed Description
The invention combines the structure and the bearing characteristic of the spherical elastic bearing, partially simplifies the structure and the load, ensures that the maximum stress is basically consistent when the spacer is subjected to a fatigue test, obviously simplifies the check mode of the spherical spacer of the elastic bearing, and greatly shortens the test cost and period. The invention is further illustrated by the following examples and figures:
the invention aims to test the fatigue life of the spherical spacer by simplifying a fatigue test method of the spherical elastic bearing, so that the stress level of the spherical spacer after being loaded by the test method of the invention is consistent with that of the spherical spacer when being loaded under a working condition, and the fatigue life test is carried out on the basis of the stress level of the spherical spacer, so that the spherical spacer has credibility.
The method comprises the steps of firstly calculating the stress distribution trend of each spacer of the spherical elastic bearing under main superposed loads through finite element analysis, selecting the spherical spacer with the highest stress as a fatigue assessment object, designing a rigid lower support, a pressing block and a rubber layer according to the structure of the selected assessed spherical spacer, wherein the pressing block has enough rigidity to prevent deformation in the bolt locking process, the thicknesses of the upper rubber layer and the lower rubber layer of the spacer are consistent with those of actual parts, respectively opening a threaded hole and a unthreaded hole for bolt connection in the centers of the rigid lower support and the pressing block, vulcanizing the rigid lower support, the spherical spacer, the pressing block and rubber at high temperature through a forming die to form a whole, and preventing the threaded hole in the center of the lower support and the unthreaded hole of the pressing block from being filled with rubber in the vulcanizing process.
Establishing a finite element analysis model of a rigid lower support, a spherical spacer, rubber, a pressing block and a vibration pressure head, applying compression displacement on the pressing block to enable stress generated by the spacer to be basically consistent with the actual stress, analyzing the relation between the vibration displacement or the concentrated force, the diameter D3 and the width W of the inner edge of the vibration pressure head and the stress distribution and the stress amplitude of the spherical spacer, determining the vibration displacement or the concentrated force, the diameter D3 and the width W of the inner edge of the vibration pressure head in the state when the stress distribution and the stress amplitude of the spherical spacer are basically consistent with the stress amplitude under the actual bearing condition of a bearing, and flexibly selecting displacement loading or concentrated force loading according to the actual control precision of a testing machine.
The method comprises the steps of respectively connecting a rigid lower support and a vibration pressure head with a rigid connecting rod, respectively fixing the rigid lower support and the vibration pressure head at the fixed end and the moving end of a single-shaft fatigue testing machine, setting corresponding fatigue test spectrums according to loading displacement or concentration force analyzed and calculated, reasonably selecting loading frequency according to the length of a test period to carry out fatigue test, recording the loading force and displacement data of a plurality of periods at certain intervals in a fatigue process, and checking whether a spherical spacer cracks or not in real time.
Examples of the embodiments
FIG. 2 is a specific structural size of a structural spherical spacer fatigue test scheme, wherein the lower spherical radius of the spherical spacer is 48mm, the upper spherical radius is 48.8mm, the thicknesses of the upper and lower adhesive layers of the spacer are both 1mm, the outer edge diameter of a pressing block is 79mm, the outer edge diameter of a rigid lower support is 82mm, the outer edge diameter of a spherical spacer flange is 87mm, the inner edge diameter of a vibration pressure head is 81mm, and a relation curve of the outer edge stress amplitude of the spherical spacer and the vibration displacement is obtained through calculation and analysis by establishing a finite element analysis model of the rigid lower support, rubber, the pressing block and the vibration pressure head, as shown in FIG. 3, and the loading dynamic displacement is determined according to the stress amplitude-displacement curve.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a spherical spacer fatigue test device which characterized in that, spherical spacer fatigue test device includes: the vibration pressing head comprises a rigid lower support (1), a spherical spacer (2), a plurality of rubber layers (3), a pressing block (4), a vibration pressing head (5) and a locking bolt (6), wherein the spherical spacer (2) is fixed between the rigid lower support (1) and the pressing block (4) through the locking bolt (6), the rigid lower support (1), the spherical spacer (2) and the pressing block (4) are vulcanized and bonded together through the rubber layers (3), the lower surface of the vibration pressing head (5) is in contact with the upper surface of the outer edge of the spherical spacer, and the centers of the rigid lower support (1), the spherical spacer (2), the pressing block (4) and the vibration pressing head (5) are coaxial; the diameter D1 of the outer edge of the pressing block (4), the diameter D2 of the inner edge of the vibration pressure head (5), the diameter D3 of the outer edge of the rigid lower support (1) and the diameter D4 of the outer edge of the spherical spacer (2) meet the following conditions: d1 < D2 < D4, D1 < D3 < D4;
the testing method of the spherical spacer fatigue testing device comprises the following steps: calculating the stress distribution trend of each spherical spacer (2) of the spherical elastic bearing under the superposed load through finite element analysis, and selecting the spherical spacer (2) with the maximum stress as a fatigue assessment object; establishing a finite element analysis model of the rigid lower support (1), the spherical spacer (2), the rubber layer (3), the pressing block (4) and the vibration pressure head (5); the method comprises the steps of applying compressive displacement on a pressing block (4) to enable the maximum stress generated by a spherical spacer (2) to be consistent with the maximum stress of an examination object spherical spacer (2) under a compressive load condition, applying compressive displacement load on a vibration pressure head (5) to enable the maximum stress generated by the spherical spacer (2) to be consistent with the maximum stress of the examination object spherical spacer (2) under a superposed load condition on the basis of applying compressive displacement on the pressing block (4), determining the vibration displacement or concentration force, the diameter D2 of the inner edge of the vibration pressure head (5) and the width W under the condition, calculating the compressive displacement on the pressing block (4) to be used as the static load of a locking bolt (6), and calculating the compressive displacement on the vibration pressure head (5) to be used as the dynamic load of the vibration pressure head (5).
2. The spherical spacer fatigue testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the compression load born by the spherical spacer (2) is applied to the locking bolt (6), and the axial displacement load is applied by the vibration pressure head (5) to enable the spherical spacer (2) to generate local dynamic stress; the pressure block (4) and the vibration pressure head (5) apply load to enable the stress amplitude generated by the outer edge of the spherical spacer (2) to be approximately equal to the stress amplitude of the metal spacer of the elastic bearing under the actual working condition.
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| CN201910167044.6A CN110044585B (en) | 2019-03-05 | 2019-03-05 | Spherical spacer fatigue test device and test method |
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| CN110044585B true CN110044585B (en) | 2021-08-03 |
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| CN110702409B (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2021-10-15 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Elastic joint bearing fatigue test device |
Citations (3)
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| CN106198265A (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2016-12-07 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | A kind of partition part testing fatigue assay device and test method |
| CN108106829A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-06-01 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | A kind of high-cycle fatigue test method and apparatus of gas turbine large size blade |
| CN108444694A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-08-24 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | A kind of fatigue test wire examination method |
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| DK2679978T3 (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2020-03-02 | Ge Oil & Gas Uk Ltd | Test test device and method |
| CN102855348A (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2013-01-02 | 宁波拓普集团股份有限公司 | Vehicle rubber shock absorbing piece fatigue performance forecasting method |
| JP6049378B2 (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2016-12-21 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Fatigue testing equipment |
| CN106802234A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2017-06-06 | 中国直升机设计研究所 | A kind of main oar center piece three-dimensional loading device of bearingless rotor |
| CN107764673B (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2019-07-09 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | A kind of biaxial stress fatigue experimental device and test method |
| CN107907333B (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2020-02-21 | 中国直升机设计研究所 | Cylindrical elastic bearing fatigue test device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106198265A (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2016-12-07 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | A kind of partition part testing fatigue assay device and test method |
| CN108106829A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-06-01 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | A kind of high-cycle fatigue test method and apparatus of gas turbine large size blade |
| CN108444694A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-08-24 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | A kind of fatigue test wire examination method |
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