CN110044223B - Monitoring device and monitoring method for open-air radioactive mine blasting displacement - Google Patents
Monitoring device and monitoring method for open-air radioactive mine blasting displacement Download PDFInfo
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- CN110044223B CN110044223B CN201910324041.9A CN201910324041A CN110044223B CN 110044223 B CN110044223 B CN 110044223B CN 201910324041 A CN201910324041 A CN 201910324041A CN 110044223 B CN110044223 B CN 110044223B
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IYLGZMTXKJYONK-ACLXAEORSA-N (12s,15r)-15-hydroxy-11,16-dioxo-15,20-dihydrosenecionan-12-yl acetate Chemical compound O1C(=O)[C@](CC)(O)C[C@@H](C)[C@](C)(OC(C)=O)C(=O)OCC2=CCN3[C@H]2[C@H]1CC3 IYLGZMTXKJYONK-ACLXAEORSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000923606 Schistes Species 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- IYLGZMTXKJYONK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruwenine Natural products O1C(=O)C(CC)(O)CC(C)C(C)(OC(C)=O)C(=O)OCC2=CCN3C2C1CC3 IYLGZMTXKJYONK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a monitoring device and a monitoring method for blasting displacement of an open-air radioactive mine. When blasting shift monitoring is carried out, after a blasting network is detonated, the detection cover is placed at the selected measuring points on the blasting pile, the ore grade of radioactive ore in the detection cover can be accurately measured, the ore grade of each measuring point is matched with the position coordinates of the ore grade, spatial interpolation is carried out, the grade data of each point in the blasting pile can be obtained, an contour map of the ore grade of a blasting area is drawn according to the grade data, the boundary of the blasted ore is divided on the contour map according to the boundary grade of the ore, and the ore and the waste rock are separately shoveled and stacked. The blasting shift monitoring is accurate, and the method is particularly suitable for mining of high-value and low-reserve scarce ores so as to solve the problem of dilution loss of mines.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mine blasting effect control technology, in particular to a monitoring device and a monitoring method for surface radioactive mine blasting displacement.
Background
The surface bench blasting technology is a typical production technology of surface mines at home and abroad, and makes great contribution to global metal and nonmetal mining every year. In the process of mine blasting operation, rock mass is firstly broken under the action of explosion energy, then moves towards the direction of a free surface, and finally is accumulated in front of the free surface to form a common blasting pile.
For large-scale, large-thickness and ore-waste boundary areas, even pure waste rocks or pure ore explosion areas, the ores and the waste rocks are easy to distinguish after explosion, and engineering technicians can command shoveling according to the obvious ore-rock boundary lines. For a blasting area with small ore block size, small thickness and serious ore waste inclusion, ores and waste rocks are seriously mixed in blasting heaps, engineering technicians cannot effectively distinguish the ores and the waste rocks, only can command shoveling and loading by utilizing a boundary line of the ore rocks before blasting, a large amount of ores are transported to a dumping site, a large amount of waste rocks are sent to a smelting workshop, serious ore dilution loss is caused, and the economic benefit of mines is seriously damaged.
For ores with low value or abundant reserves, the mixing of ores and waste rocks under the blasting energy has little influence on the economic efficiency of mines, but for high-value and low-reserve scarce ores such as gold, silver, uranium and the like, the mixing of ores and waste rocks under the blasting energy can cause great economic benefit loss.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a monitoring device and a monitoring method for blasting displacement of an open-air radioactive mine, which have low investment cost, simple displacement monitoring operation and accurate result.
The application provides a monitoring devices that this kind of open-air radioactive mine blasting shifted, but including portable gamma detection instrument and isolated ray's detection cover, portable gamma detection instrument is fixed in and surveys in the cover.
In an embodiment of the above monitoring device, the detection cover includes a cover body and a hook connected to an outer wall of the cover body, and the portable gamma detector is fixed to an inner wall of the top of the cover body.
In one embodiment of the above monitoring device, the pot cover type cover body and the hook are made of lead.
The method for monitoring blasting displacement by the monitoring device comprises the following steps:
(1) determining a boundary of the pre-blasting ore rock in the blasting area of the blasting;
(2) placing an initiating explosive charge in the blast hole after the blast hole is drilled, filling the blast hole with filling materials to an orifice, and initiating an explosion network by using an excitation needle or an initiator;
(3) selecting a fixed point in or outside the explosive stack as a reference point, and setting a measuring line and a measuring point on the explosive stack according to a fixed line distance;
(4) performing radioactivity monitoring on each measuring point on the explosive pile by using a monitoring device, and recording the three-dimensional coordinates of the monitoring points and the reading of the portable gamma detector;
(5) the readings obtained by the portable gamma detectors at the measuring points are converted into ore grades by using grade calibration models carried by the portable gamma detectors;
(6) inputting the two-dimensional coordinates (x and y coordinates) of each measuring point and the ore grade obtained in the step (5) into a computer, performing spatial interpolation by using the measured coordinates and grade data as original data by using a numerical interpolation method to obtain the ore grade data of each point on the explosion area, and drawing a contour map of the ore grade of the explosion area;
(7) dividing boundaries of the exploded ore rocks on the contour map of the ore grade according to the ore boundary grade, and then utilizing the boundaries of the exploded ore rocks to carry out separate shovel loading and stacking of ores and waste rocks.
In the method, when the step (1) is implemented, the boundary of the rock before explosion is determined according to radioactivity data in an explosion area, which is obtained by mine exploration, geological record and blast hole well logging.
In the method, when the step (2) is implemented, the initiating explosive package consists of the initiating bomb and the detonator.
In the method, when the step (2) is implemented, when a detonating tube detonator is selected, an electric detonator or an exciting needle is selected to detonate the blasting network, and when a digital electronic detonator is selected, a special detonator is used to detonate the blasting network.
In the method, when the step (4) is carried out, because the broken rocks are accumulated under the action of explosion energy, the grades of the rocks at the upper part and the lower part of the blasting pile are possibly greatly different, a shovel is used for excavating the high part in the blasting pile at the depth of 0.5-1.0 m, and then the radioactivity measurement is carried out.
In the method, when the step (6) is implemented, the numerical interpolation method is a spline interpolation method, a common kriging method or an inverse distance weight method.
The invention utilizes the portable gamma detector of a small instrument which is necessary for radioactive mines to be fixed on the inner wall of the top of the cover body to form the detection cover, has simple manufacture and low input cost, effectively improves the measurement precision, and provides a new method for monitoring blasting displacement. When the blasting shift monitoring method is implemented, after a blasting network is detonated, a detection cover is placed at a selected measuring point on a blasting pile, the ore grade of radioactive ore in the detection cover can be accurately measured through a portable gamma detector, the ore grade of each measuring point is matched with the position coordinates of the measuring point, then, spatial interpolation is carried out, the grade data of each point in the blasting pile can be obtained, a contour map of the ore grade of a blasting area is drawn according to the grade data, the boundary of the blasted ore is divided on the contour map according to the boundary grade of the ore, and the ore and the waste rock are separately shoveled and stacked. The detection cover is placed after the explosion, the operation is simple, safe and reliable, the division of the boundary of the ore rock after the explosion is accurate, namely the explosion displacement monitoring is accurate, the ore and the waste rock can be separately shoveled and stacked, the method is particularly suitable for mining of high-value and low-reserve scarce ore, the dilution loss problem of the mine is effectively solved, and a way is provided for acquiring greater economic benefits of the mine.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a blasting displacement monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a boundary of a pre-blasting rock and a vertical view of a global network in the embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a blast hole after the filling treatment of the small explosion area in this embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the change of the boundary of the ore rock in the small blasting area.
Number in the figure:
1. a cover body; 1-1-hook; 2. a portable gamma detector;
3. a pre-blasting ore rock boundary; 4. a pile bursting boundary line;
5. an explosive; 6. detonating the bullet; 7. a nonel detonator; 8. a filler; 9. a detonating tube;
10. contour lines of ore grade; 11. and (4) a boundary of the exploded rock.
Detailed Description
The method comprises the steps of firstly drilling and digging blast holes, determining the boundary line of the ore rock before explosion in an explosion area according to mine exploration, geological record, well logging data and the like, then carrying out blast hole charging, connecting the blast holes subjected to charging into a detonation network, and detonating the detonation network; measuring points and measuring lines are arranged on the detonating pile at a certain distance; then, radioactivity measurement is carried out at each measuring point by using a small device which can directly measure the ore grade of the radioactive ore at the position; and finally, corresponding the coordinates of each measuring point with the ore grade, obtaining the overall ore grade by a spatial interpolation method to draw an contour map of the ore grade, accurately defining the boundary of the ore rock after explosion according to the contour map, and finally commanding a forklift to shovel and stack the ore and the waste rock separately.
The embodiment is applied to blasting displacement measurement of an open-pit mine blasting area as shown in fig. 2, the open-pit mine ore accumulation stratum contains rock types such as granite, marble, gneiss and schist, the ore accumulation form is complex and the scale is inconsistent, and the granite containing uranium is often surrounded by waste rocks in an island form. The step height is 7.5m, the aperture is 165mm, and the aperture parameter is 4.5 multiplied by 5.0 m.
In specific implementation, the portable gamma detector which is a necessary small instrument for radioactive mines is fixed on the inner wall of the top of the cover body to form the detection cover shown in figure 1.
As shown in fig. 1, the detection cover mainly comprises a cover body 1 and a portable gamma detector 2, wherein the cover body 1 is in a pot cover shape, and the portable gamma detector 2 is fixed on the inner wall of the top of the cover body 1. In order to facilitate the putting operation of the cover body, a hook 1-1 is arranged on the outer wall of the top of the cover body.
The cover body and the hook are made of metal lead, so that the cover body can better isolate rays outside the cover body, and the radioactive intensity of radioactive ore in the cover body can be accurately measured by the portable gamma detector in the cover body.
Before the detection cover is put in, the following operations are required:
(1) drilling holes at specified positions according to a blasting design;
(2) determining a pre-detonation mineral rock boundary within a detonation zone
And determining the boundary of the pre-explosion rock ores in the explosion area according to the radioactivity data in the explosion area, which is obtained by mine exploration, geological record and shot hole radioactivity measurement.
Specifically, a three-dimensional mining software Datemine is used for opening a mine geological model file, color distribution is carried out by taking ore grade as a standard, ore-free waste rock and ore blocks with different grades show obvious color difference, an initial ore-rock boundary is determined, the divided area inside the initial ore-rock boundary 3 is an ore area of the blasting area, the area outside the initial ore-rock boundary 3 is a waste rock area of the blasting area, the area above a blasting boundary 4 is a reserved rock body area at the rear part of the blasting area, and the area below the blasting boundary 4 is a flat area which is already mined, as shown in FIG. 2.
(3) The completed blast hole is filled with an explosive 5, a blasting charge consisting of a blasting bomb 6 and a detonating primer 7 is placed, and the blast hole is filled with a stemming 8, as shown in fig. 3.
Specifically, a detonator 7 with a detonating tube and a delay time of 500ms is inserted into a detonating bullet 6, a detonating cartridge is hoisted to a position about 1m away from the bottom of a blast hole by using a detonating tube 9, mixed emulsion explosive is injected to a specified loading height by using an explosive mixed loading truck, and an engineer uses an iron rake to rake drill cuttings into the blast hole and fill the blast hole to an orifice.
(4) Connecting the blasting network and detonating the blasting network.
Specifically, a 75ms inter-hole-outside-row detonator was used in conjunction with a 42ms inter-hole detonator, and the closed end of the detonator 9 was cut at the initiation end of the blasting network. And inserting the excitation needle into the opened detonating tube, and detonating the excitation needle by using the detonator to complete the excitation work of the blasting network.
(5) And selecting one point in the blasting pile as a reference point, arranging measuring lines and measuring points in the blasting area according to a fixed line distance, and marking the measuring points by using red paint.
And then, putting the detection cover, performing radioactive measurement at each marked measuring point by using the detection cover, recording the reading of the portable gamma detector, and acquiring the three-dimensional coordinates of each measuring point by using the GPS locator. In the process, the acquisition of the three-dimensional coordinates of the measuring points and the radioactivity measurement work need to be matched with each other, so that the processing and analysis of the data at the later stage are facilitated. The Trimble R10 intelligent receiver is preferably used as the GPS locator in the embodiment. And then the readings obtained by each portable gamma detector are converted into the ore grade through a grade calibration model carried by the portable gamma detector. However, the grade calibration model of the portable gamma detector must be calibrated and matched with the portable gamma detector used.
The next operation is to input the two-dimensional coordinates of each measuring point into a computer in combination with the ore grade, obtain the ore grade data of each point in the blasting pile by using a spatial interpolation method, and draw an isoline 10 of the ore grade of the blasting area, as shown in fig. 4. Specifically, in this embodiment, interpolation is performed on two-dimensional coordinates and ore grade data by a kriging interpolation method, and a Surfer software is used to draw a contour map of the ore grade in an explosion area.
In the mining practice, ores and waste rocks are distinguished by boundary grades, rocks above the boundary grade are ores required for mine production, and rocks below the boundary grade are waste rocks without mining value. Based on the contour map of the ore grade, a mining engineer divides an exploded ore rock boundary 11 according to the ore boundary grade on the contour map of the ore grade, wherein the inner area of the ore rock boundary 11 is an ore area, the outer area of the ore rock boundary 11 is a waste rock area, and then the exploded ore rock boundary is used for commanding shovel loading to shovel and load ore and waste rock respectively.
Claims (6)
1. A method for monitoring blasting displacement of an open-air radioactive mine is characterized by comprising the following steps: the monitoring device utilized by the method comprises a portable gamma detector and a detection cover capable of isolating rays, wherein the portable gamma detector is fixed in the detection cover; the detection cover comprises a pot cover type cover body and a hook connected to the outer wall of the pot cover type cover body, and the portable gamma detector is fixed on the inner wall of the top of the pot cover type cover body; the pot cover type cover body and the hook are both made of lead;
the monitoring method comprises the following steps:
(1) determining a boundary of the pre-blasting ore rock in the blasting area of the blasting;
(2) placing an initiating explosive charge in the blast hole after the blast hole is drilled, filling the blast hole with filling materials to an orifice, and initiating an explosion network by using an excitation needle or an initiator;
(3) selecting a fixed point in or outside the explosive stack as a reference point, and setting a measuring line and a measuring point on the explosive stack according to a fixed line distance;
(4) performing radioactivity monitoring on each measuring point on the explosive pile by using a monitoring device, and recording the three-dimensional coordinates of the monitoring points and the reading of the portable gamma detector;
(5) the readings obtained by the portable gamma detectors at the measuring points are converted into ore grades by using grade calibration models carried by the portable gamma detectors;
(6) inputting the two-dimensional coordinates (x and y coordinates) of each measuring point and the ore grade obtained in the step (5) into a computer, performing spatial interpolation by using the measured coordinates and grade data as original data by using a numerical interpolation method to obtain the ore grade data of each point on the explosion area, and drawing a contour map of the ore grade of the explosion area;
(7) dividing boundaries of the exploded ore rocks on the contour map of the ore grade according to the ore boundary grade, and then utilizing the boundaries of the exploded ore rocks to carry out separate shovel loading and stacking of ores and waste rocks.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: aiming at the step (1), the boundary of the rock before explosion is determined according to radioactivity data in an explosion area, which are obtained by mine exploration, geological record and blast hole radioactivity measurement.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: aiming at the step (2), the initiating explosive package comprises initiating bomb and detonator.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: and (3) aiming at the step (2), when the detonating tube detonator is used, the electric detonator or the exciting needle is used for detonating the blasting network, and when the digital electronic detonator is used, the special detonator is used for detonating the network.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: when the step (4) is carried out, because the broken rocks are accumulated under the action of explosion energy, the grade difference between the upper rocks and the lower rocks of the blasting pile is probably large, a shovel is used for excavating at the height of the blasting pile by the depth of 0.5-1.0 m, and then the radioactivity measurement is carried out.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: when the step (6) is implemented, the numerical value interpolation method selects a spline interpolation method, a common kriging method or an inverse distance weight method.
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| CN111678975B (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2023-04-11 | 武汉科技大学 | Method for testing ore grade distribution |
| CN112462404A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-03-09 | 武汉理工大学 | Strip mine bench blasting and blasting pile positioning device and grade measuring method |
| CN115900693A (en) * | 2022-09-19 | 2023-04-04 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | Method and system for obtaining motion trail of blasting ore rock based on inertial navigation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1346981A (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2002-05-01 | 丹东东方测控技术有限公司 | Method for determining ore grade and ash content of coal and portable measuring instrument |
| CA2567328A1 (en) * | 2006-11-06 | 2008-05-06 | The University Of Queensland | A blast movement monitor |
| AU2006235872A1 (en) * | 2006-11-06 | 2008-05-22 | Leica Geosystems Pty Ltd | Blast movement monitor |
| CN107702605A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-02-16 | 中南大学 | A kind of surface mine explosion shifts measuring method |
| CN108254795A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-07-06 | 中南大学 | Explosion shifts measuring method and measures with magnetic target device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2003902609A0 (en) * | 2003-05-27 | 2003-06-12 | The University Of Queensland | Blast movement monitor |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1346981A (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2002-05-01 | 丹东东方测控技术有限公司 | Method for determining ore grade and ash content of coal and portable measuring instrument |
| CA2567328A1 (en) * | 2006-11-06 | 2008-05-06 | The University Of Queensland | A blast movement monitor |
| AU2006235872A1 (en) * | 2006-11-06 | 2008-05-22 | Leica Geosystems Pty Ltd | Blast movement monitor |
| CN107702605A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-02-16 | 中南大学 | A kind of surface mine explosion shifts measuring method |
| CN108254795A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-07-06 | 中南大学 | Explosion shifts measuring method and measures with magnetic target device |
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